For anyone wondering, here's a link to the SMD adapter: www.aliexpress.us/item/2251832624996364.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.main.7.76c52ecbfcRb7K&algo_pvid=19f78b0c-252a-414f-99fe-3a8ca3f2ad5c&algo_exp_id=19f78b0c-252a-414f-99fe-3a8ca3f2ad5c-3&pdp_ext_f=%7B%22sku_id%22%3A%2264495190690%22%7D&pdp_npi=2%40dis%21USD%2111.8%219.91%21%21%21%21%21%40211bf12316751972869527289d06f4%2164495190690%21sea&curPageLogUid=S39oAQQcKzaA

I have no idea how I ended up here. I'm light years away from this level of engineering. But this video was explained so well. This seems really helpful! Thank you for making this!

Oh wow! I had no idea those solderless SMD adaptors existed! The whole video was good, but that bit of information was life changing!

I thought finally a VUSB tutorial that a mortal can understand, most distributers dont ship to Serbia and locals are ripoff and dont have most modern ics

If you *just* need serial connection to be turned into USB connection, CH340 (with some series of chips requiring even less external components than the rest, like CH340C) is a really, really cheap option.

Great introduction to USB programming. It would be nice to see a video explaining how HID interfaces work and how they correlate with the low-level USB transfers described in this video.

Ben Eater has made a video on the USB protocol explaining it from the oscilloscope point of view, with an implementation on 6502.

This was a really nice and concise intro - a lot of other videos on the topic are 45 minutes long and so boring I couldn't make it through!

Excellent overview, though for nearly $4 in the current market, I'd favor an RP2040/pi pico over an atmega. PIOs can handle matrix scanning, sensor interfacing, and even a second USB, while the SIO peripheral offers the low-latency pin access often missing from 32-bit mcus.

God knows how many times I tried to find a useful resource to get familiar with usb protocol. God bless u and ur family sir. I will follow u forever ♥️

Oh really this is 15 min long video. I think it's level is many hours of study in college. I shocked that this video's every frame is informative. Thanks for saving alot my time.

This is really cool to learn. I kinda got a little lost mid-way but i think its because of all the technical terms. I'd definitely implement some of the ideas here soon on my channel. Always good to learn

I studied molecular biology. It’s amazing how DNA encodes its information so efficiently - i.e. at the most basic level our genes are coded following the same structure as the USB packet. There’s a binding site that allows for a protein complex to latch on upstream of the gene. Then that complex slides along the DNA, sniffing for the START sequence. Downstream of that is the body of the data, followed by a STOP sequence. At a higher level, there’s plenty of extra modifying data in and around the gene, as well as different interpretations of the data where chunks can be edited out. The bulk of this coding scheme evolved in very, very early life and every cell on earth depends on this established protocol. There’s so much more going on at the higher control level of gene translation that we still don’t understand - we need the brilliant minds of computer science to reveal to us how exactly the cell operates translation and gene expression.

This is not at all what I was looking for, but I'm glad I got here. This was a wonderfully in depth guide

Fun fact, on Arduino Uno, the chip handling the USB-serial conversion is actually the ATmega 16U2 microcontroller. Furthermore, you can easily reprogram it to another purpose. Although its IO is very limited, it is connected to the main ATmega328P microcontroller through two pins (the ones that normally serve as the serial line), so you can use a serial protocol to exchange data between the two microcontrollers on-board.

thank you for the great content. cant wait to see the next video about usb. hope it will be a mass storage class tutorial. or DFU

i've harvested a bunch of analog turning knobs, sliders, latching and tactile switches from a ancient fried 8-channel sony mixpult. I'm gonna use them to upgrade my flightsim setup; this video is worth its time in gold since i had no idea how to cross the analog-digital bridge. thank you a thousand times.

Cool video, dude! I was expecting the USB FTDI UART merry-go-round ride, but instead we went on the USB roller coaster, underwater in the dark! Thanks

This is exactly the type of video I was looking for a few months ago! This is the perfect start for those who want to hack around with USB

The absolute easiest USB chip to use is the Microchip PIC18F4550, DIP40! Plenty of examples, great datasheet, and applications notes. Been using these for years! No surface mount nonsense, either! An excellent book is Jan Axleson USB Complete, for those that want to learn and experiment.

Great overview. Thanks for putting the effort in making this content.

Well hello there, small channel that the UKposts algorithm decided to promote! This video was awesome! I had no idea I'd be learning about the bit level USB protocol this Saturday. I am going to try to commit kjkjkjkk to memory because that seems like some fun trivia to store. I'm about to go binge the rest of your videos and I'm excited to see what you make next! Thanks for making awesome content, new friend 🫂!

Years ago I was tasked with writing a raw USB driver from scratch for Itanium. It was quite a challenge but i eventually got it working. All I had to go by was the spec. We had no libraries or even a file system. Code was loaded by direct injection using a special card.

Great and concise guide!

I didn't know I needed this. Thank you.

That was the most detailed and useful USB tutorial I've ever seen.

That's a damn good explanation, this is totally how they made the rubber ducky/bad usb devices!

Just discovered this channel! Very good. ¡Gracias por compartir!

Thanks for covering this interesting and popular protocol.

Great explanation, good to understand and as always protocols are not always straight forward.

Great explanation, thank you

Actually there are lot to learn in this tutorial than the topic. TFS!!

Sooo excited to test that out! Although, I have this lurking feeling of dread of programming a custom driver

One of the most interesting videos lately :)

this was very very informative - thank you!

Very useful and well made video. Thank you

great explanation. good to know how usb works.

Nice! I've always wanted to know this but had a big mental block about reading up on it since the documentation is vast.

Great explanation. Many thanks 🙏

Very good explanation about USB. Thank you

Endpoint0 is not only for configuration. There are many classes that use it for "normal" communication using class specific requests.

Great job👍😊

Excellent video. Good info. I enjoyed that. TY

So what you are saying is..... USB protocol is very similar to automotive CAN Bus communications and since auto makers also have 'K-Line' communications, that could be related too. Thanks for the info. Well delivered with the graphics.

You explain these concepts so efficiently and clearly. My brain is getting older and this is what I need! Thanks

Great Scott, good one.

Definitely looking forward to more of this series. I've been interested in making my own USB projects for quite some time, and have had to rely on things like the CH340 serial to USB chips and ESP32-2 and 3 microcontrollers that have built in USB.

Great video learnt a lot thanks

This was an awesome video!

Great video bro!! Thank you so much.

Excellent man.

this is so cool! thank you! subbed 😊

Amazing content, looking forward to future video's

Nice info, thanks for sharing it :)

wow after this I think I will stick to something simple like USB4 Thunderbolt. 🤣 Thank a lot for the great description.

Very comprehensive. The J/K explanation was most interesting.

super good video, thanks

Timestamps: @0:01 intro @1:00 selecting a microcontroller (why you need to be picky) @2:50 parts & circuit diagram. @3:57 USB protocol explained @12:32 Libraries to interface with USB protocol. Luff library FTW No need for drivers. @14:46 debugging programs.

If it's not a keyboard or serial endpoint, then you *still* don't have to write drivers for your PC. You can make a regular application that interfaces with USB hardware, like I did with a LabSphere spectrometer with proprietary communications (reverse engineered with Wireshark). I even did it in Java.

ooooh. this is relevant to my interests. subbed!!

Nice overview!

Very good video, thank you for this.

Awesome video

Very good. Thank's

Very interesting, thanks.

Native serial ports are still present on many business workstations, which is nice

Just wondering: I totally expected you to mention the FTDI-series of chips here. If you purely want to ADD USB to your project, I would go for those. They are pricey, but you can in fact mostly ADD them and leave the rest of your design unchanged (serial communication channels are needed ofc). Also you can get fully fledged modules for quick setup. I typically end up using arduino's to add USB-support for devised however. I like their versatility. And for home projects, who really cares if you use 20 microcontrollers for a task that really would only require one :D

Niceley explained. You obviously know more than me. Just a point: I think the differential pair is to help with clock drift. It's nice to see a an MCU with USB support, although I have never dealt with standalone chips. My soldering isn't up to it. I go for boards that I can plug in. I've implemented a USB driver using an RP2040 and tinyusb. Amazingly, it actually works given the complexity of USB.

Very nicely done, and as a surprise you use vi, very nice indeed.

Thank you!

Great tutorial! You should probably mention that you mean "USB 2.0" whenever you say "USB."

the signal in 5:53 which one produces that pattern ?? the PC or the Device (keyboard for example) ?

Excelente! 👍

Thanks for sharing! :)

Ben Eater has an excellent video on how the USB protocol works.

One question. I have a pair of old CDJ´s (DENON DN-S3000) so they only work with CD and are able to read MP3 files. I was wondering if there is a possibility to hack this devices installing a USB Port instead of using CDs.

Thank you

I once coded a device driver for AROS operating system (vusbhc (virtual usb host contoller), hosted on Linux) that talked to the Amiga "native" usb stack and used the user space libusb on Linux to talk to the real usb hardware, a stack inside of a stack... :)

Here is a though for a project. Use the RPi Pico with a 2.8" up to a 4" LCD display. Create icons for keys in a 4 by (5 or 6) matrix. With this you can have more than one set of usable macros. Have two keys for moving through the other sets. I see all these keypad type of macros key but they use mechanical keys with fixed icons on them. Hold both up/down same time to go into upload mode for keypad the icons and macros. ATM I am playing with MMBasic on the Picos sadly no USB HID abilities. For my current use as controllers it just works. I only need minicom and the pico. Just musing after looking at the many ways here on youtube. Have FUN.😄 I have a box of Arduino's in many forms along with STM32 boards just starting to learn to play with them. LOL forgot to say the LCD needs touch.

I like the explanation a lot. Question, where did you get the smd adapter. I could not find it.

On the software side, a lot of people have trouble grasping the concept of the HID report descriptor, and how it dictates the format of the HID reports, so that might be worth explaining if you're looking for topics. Canned driver/library code usually handles it poorly, with hardcoded report descriptors, and no obvious connection between the descriptor and the code that generates the reports.

Thanks

Great! Now how would one change those pesky WiFi devices to use Ethernet? For example the Sonoff TH16. I need a remote smart thermostat on the building roof, and there is no WiFi AP there, so I would like to run a cable or use Ethernet over powerline.

RS232 is a long way from being dead, it is literally everywhere especially in networking. You will find it on Cisco, Infeneria/Transmode, Cienna etc, it's so prevalent we have to carry USB to RS232 converter leads.

I today found your channel accidentally. Please continue this good work :)

Using serial interface (via USB port) you can easly connect your hardware with your software without writing your own driver (which is not a task for novice). What ability for your hardware a USB interface could give you without writing your own driver? A keyboard and other known HID emulation. Wow. What a uselsess functionality.

The hardware part was a great overview! The software one was a little too fast however. Just editing the callback does not explain at all how the stack works. (How to configure multiple/custom endpoints etc)

I think you’ve mixed up NACK and STALL at 9:46. NACK means error and STALL means device busy.

One minor thing, you appear to have misunderstood how balanced lines (D+/D-) work. Unless you were oversimplifying, there's more here than "simple" noise rejection. For example, I haven't tried this with USB, but a balanced pair doesn't need a ground to work. In fact the ground doesn't need to be connected at all because the difference in voltage between the two lines creates the signal when it's mixed at a differential amplifier. A much earlier use for this sort of thing is in "phantom powered" microphones which use the two "data" lines here to supply power to a small audio amplifier (strictly an impedance converter). Each line carries +48V (in theory, in practise it never reaches that when in circuit) out to the microphone with and two (opposing signals) on way back. However, some of these mics are "self-powered" and only need to use the two inner cables to send the sound back to the preamp. The outer screen is used as a Faraday shield and doesn't have to be connected to the circuit ground (and it can even create issues if it is). Ground (0 volts) is a reference. Any point in a circuit can be "ground" and in fact, at AC, both sides of a simple circuit look like ground. But since ground is a reference, in some cases the actual voltage between circuit ground and "earth" ground can be 1000s of volts. In cases like this differential signals completely isolate everything from that and each end (transmitter/receiver) can have its own idea of what "0 volts" is.

I had tried it on a Leonardo, I still remember the failure when I realized that it hard to work in the editor after programming it to write hello world again and again on a keyboard hid.

Micro Center FTW!!!

Im curious about that solderless adapter. Can you give some more information on where to buy something like that? Ive never seen one before.

Awesome!

About 20 years ago my 4th year project supervisor at uni casually suggested that I could implement a USB interface on an FPGA - needless to say it didn’t progress past a paper-based feasibility study 😂 I was following up to the J/K sync 🤯

PFFFT, Finally somebody decided to do a clear explanation of this.

how about sending commands to a 3d printer via usb(the 3d printer has a ch340 that transforms usb data to serial for the 3d printer mcu)? Can this be a viable solution for sending, let's say G28 gcode command(go to home) to the 3d printer? Thank you,

The Arduino board has a ATMega16U2 on it, pre-programmed as a USB to serial converter. Perhaps showing a project using it?

Hey! This chip only went up .03 since you posted this video! :)

@SineLab Is it possible to convert an isa signal to usb? If not with this device,could you recommend a card that could accomplish this? Thanks !

Hi, the ATMEGA328 does handle USB 1.0 protocols with VUSB library and a 12MHz clock :)