I had zero knowledge about antenna and I found your tutorial super useful and understandable. well done and thanks a lot!

Thank you so much Sir. for your great way of explanation of this concept and also for the free PDF book download.

Finally someone properly explaining how the beamforming thing works! Thank you.

I've been looking for more details on Beamforming and Massive MIMO for a few days now. Hours of reading and researching condensed into less than 8 minutes! Fantastic Thanks a lot for this video :)

Great video. Very clear and covers broad issues. Would like to see more

Simple explanation .. graphs and example are great . Thanks for sharing looking more videos

Thank you for sharing this knowledge for free. It is amazing.

Very clear delivery of content, thank you. Please make more videos.

Great video and thank you for the free book!

Thank you and great explanation! This topic is beautiful.

Very clear explanations. Great ! Thank you for it. Daniel Ichbiah (from France) :) PS: I'm the author many books on technology which makes me particularly appreciate your approach.

Thanks for the description.

Simply Great Video. Understood in simple words. Thanks for sharing knowledge.. :-)

This is what i was looking for. Thank you

Very intuitive explanation, thank you Professor

Thanks for this video. Very good explanation, easy to understand.

Excellent explanation. You make it sound so interesting and simple👍🏿👍🏿👍🏿

Excellent video, thank you so much for your free PDF!

Thank you, dear professor!

Best explanation i had seen so far, greetings and big thanks for sharing

Incredible information. Thank you

Thx so much sir, great video.

Great video. Super helpful! Thank you.

Thanks for making the pdf book free of charge

simple explanation of diff between hybrid and phased beam forming. thanks

Excellent explanation! Many thanks.

Wow... UKposts's algorithms let me 'stumble' upon your video... Well done and thank you for the PDF!

Thanks alot for this! Most videos over simplify the concept... I understand that my 450m can talk to multiple subscribers... now I understand what's going on inside it a little better.

best 7 minutes among the hours studying 5G, thank you

thank you! you are a nice man. It helps me a lot.

Very informative; thank you!

I'm a graduate researcher working on Massive MIMO, however I do not have antenna background. I am interested in signal processing parts of Massive MIMO. When I watched this video I really understood beamforming concept. Thank you for this simple yet elegant explanation.

great video. Helped me understand array antennas

Thank you a lot good description

Thank you very much for this video.

讲的通俗易懂，点赞！

simple and clear explanation

Thank you for share your knowledge

Thank you!

Thank you for this video

Nice explanation. Thanks

Awesome explanation

I really enjoyed, thanks a lot for your great explanation. I am eager for purseuing my PhD under your supervision if possible.

thank you emil

Wonderful, very informative

nice and to the point!

Thanks for the video and PDF file.

Thank you for the PDF.

That's a good explanation

very good explanation. learned more than a masters degree level course.

Very good video!

Thanks for the PDF book!

Excellent, Sir

Thank you Sir

Good explanation.

Nice explanation

Thank you

thank you for free pdf of your book.

Excellent

Very nice explanation sir

Excellent explanation , can you help me to explain non linear beamforming techniques and any matrial for that

I wish you were my professor at the university

Nice video, really helpful, I have a question though... what tool do you guys used to draw schemes in latex

My Understanding is currently when operating at high frequency, we use the analog beamforming which consisting to send the same signal over many antenna elements but with phase shifted which is the phased array. I'm wondering as in this case we have only one "LAYER" (Rank indicator is always one = one signal) is there any precoding matrix or codebook index in this case 🤔

gr8 explanation

Thankyou verymuch.

i cant stop seeing ur eyes moving to the left, but thanks for video, really helpful

Thank you for your presentation. Would like to say something about performance analysis of channel estimation techniques for massive mimo.

Hi emil thank you so much for this video!! I just want to confirm something if i want to have 4x4 mimo to one user can i have this capability with one beam?? Or i need 4 beams to have 4 layers sent to the user??

Thanks Sir

😍😍😍😍😍 thank you alot

Hello Sir, According to the definition of the concept of ERB coverage area (gNodeB) when using narrow beam pointing generated by MIMO antenna in beamforming (BF) mode: Pointing a narrow beam covers, at maximum gain (up to 3 dB below), a relatively small area around the UE reference point (or UE cluster). How, therefore, is the concept of the coverage area of an ERB, and its correlate, the percentage of coverage area (a statistical parameter that considers the effect of log-normal multipath shading and weights its effects in an area around the ERB)? When considering the multi-user MIMO mode, with multiple narrow beams... The coverage area of an ERB would be defined considering all the beams pointed at different points in the surrounding area, or for each beam, is an area or sub-area of coverage defined? In the previous question, the starting point of view was what happens in the vertical plane that contains the ERB and UE antennas. There is also a concern with what happens in the signal distribution in the horizontal plane. In previous generations, a fundamental related concept is the division of the coverage area by sectors, something that was directly related to the beamwidth of the ERB antennas. For example, using 120º beam antennas, 3 antennas covered the 360º that would characterize the entire area. With multiple beams, one can imagine maintaining this concept and expanding the number of sectors. For example, with widths of 10 degrees per beam, horizontally, 36 would be needed to cover the entire area. From the above, I ask: the concept of the coverage sector remains in 5G, adapted to the multiple beams of the antennas MIMO? Given the considerable (apparently) change in planning: do the concepts of coverage area and percentage of coverage area remain essential for planning? What other related concepts came to be used? On 4G, are they already used? Given the complexity of using and coordinating multiple beams: in which scenarios and application conditions, will the MIMO strategy with multiple beams be used? The macro scenario is extreme broadband, communication ultra-reliable, or massive communication for multiple users? Is the environment outdoors, indoors, or both? Is the band sub-6 GHz or millimeter wave? Still on the previous question, in the scenarios foreseen for using MIMO with multiple beams, another question arises. In which of these beamforming scenarios will be “fixed” and in which will it be adaptive (following cluster of users, with or without the interposition of nulls of the radiation pattern in the directions of other groups considered interference for that cluster)? Finally, considering all the different aspects of previous generations brought by the multi-user (multibeam) MIMO approach of 5G discussed here…. How has the link budget analysis been (or needs to be) adapted to address these aspects? Best Regards!

Very good

But how does this beamforming work in practice in our beamforming wifi routers? If the beaforming requires multiple antenas to work together and you can position (external ones anyway) them in any way you want, how does the router know how to direct the beam? Is it analyzing the device's incoming signal for reach individual antena and inferring the required antena adjustment to create the beam from that?

I wish you had online courses!

Thank you for this informative video! I am still not sure what the difference between phase array beam forming (talked about towards the end of the video) and MIMO beam forming is exactly. You said they both are formed using phase differences so I am still not quite sure where the difference begins? (You said separate signals for MIMO but what does that mean exactly?) Thanks!

How can I express about the sidelobe level in antenna array mathematically as an equation?

thank you so much Dr for your explanation of this concept . Dear Dr. is it possible to compare SE of pilot based,blind ,and semi blind channel estmion for uplink massive MIMO? if it possible how?

great explanation, what about at home (house) with walls and floor levels (2 levels), do you need multiple antennas or just one (omni directional) ?

Gracias

What is never mentioned in antenna radiation is whether or not the E/M loops being radiated do break down into loops of half wavelength as the loop try to grow in size with distance, In waveguides and cavity resonators it is common to show the stacking of " half wavelength E/M blocks to fit in the available space. A one megacycle wave, has a much larger loop than a 5 GigaHertz signal and though everyone talks about lobes, and directivity, and efficiency, and so on, no one talks about the "stacking of E/M blocks" the size of which depends on the frequency of transmission. So for a given frequency , how many stacked E/M loops exist in it as the wave moves out? I have thought about this for the last 80 years and it seems to me that when one has a directional antenna, or a phased array, all that is happening the system is cutting off and eliminating the peripheral blocks in the stack of E/M blocks in the lobe or in any omnidirectional antenna, I simulated this with a computer algorithm which, when the circumference ( wavefront) of the wave grew larger than a wavelength integers, then the " circumference would accommodate another loop half a wavelength long". The simulation works beautifully and the patterns that emerge make it so obvious, after I saw it, From a central location of the antenna, after the wave settles down, the patterns seems to change from a "polar diagram" to a cartesian diagram where the four symmetrical squares of cartesian coordinates, simultaneously move out their four quarters containing the same pattern of E/M loops as exist in rectangular waveguides contain the higher modes. When I plotted the B and the E field loops far from the antenna they came out to be exactly as occurs in rectangular waveguides with the B loops as normal, and the E loops are exactly the same as the E in the waveguide and the surface currents in a waveguide, It is exactly the same pattern, So it seems, that a centrally placed antenna as a source, will have the near E/M fields going through "a pushy transient pattern" then "a middle field pattern" which I call the settling down zone, and then the far field would resemble the pattern obtained in a rectangular waveguide excited with an electric probe or a magnetic probe as one desires. It is fascination to see the four quarters of cartesian coordinates moving out with additional loops being added as the distance increases, It is remarkable, This stacking of E/M blocks, the size of half a wavelength, in a radiating pattern, is interesting, and in a phased array or a directional antenna, it seems that all one does is to " phase out the peripheral E/M blocks and donate the power to the other half wavelength E/M blocks remaining in the " stacked lobe" There seems to be more going on in radiation than one thinks, and this "stacking effect" needs further discussion . An analogy may be used by looking at Chladni's figures in vibrating sheets or a Jelly block, and after all our radiating medium is not much different from a jelly or a rubber block with its "own impedance" in how it permits our signals to "accelerate " build and decay and reverse those the E/M loops the size of half a wavelength.ukposts.info/have/v-deo/r6Z7dZ2pjHh3las.html

Hi Emil,it was so absorbing.Would like to know how digital tilt works,example 4 digital tilt means what and if we are doing 4Electrical and 4 digital would it mean 8 digital tilt in all

Dette var interessant

Is the Antenna we See in the Video not an MU Mimo Antenna and not an Massive MiMo Antenna. When the Antenna covers an distance 300m there shoud be more User than Antenna Elements.

really nice and helpful. Just a query - 64 Antenna system called 64*64 Massive MIMO ?

If you go the multiple transceiver approach can you in software read many different sources at once by by computing the beams they would have come in at after the fact?

Thank you for your amazing vidio. But I still have a question. Why we use SINR to evaluate the system performance instead of SNR. As you mentioned the power is focus on the directoins what we need. This is really confusing...

So does this mean I can make my own ILS transmitter and receiver! That would be interesting just from a I just must know it kind of an approach. Have no dots connected yet 😎

Hi! I have a question. It is said that phased array antennas steer the beam for transmission. But, what about reception? Is the reception pattern also steered?

If we are using 2×2 MIMO used then both will be same frequency band or we need different frequency band to perform 2x2 mimo??

Wouldn't this allow for a functional security method through beam forming and frequency modulation?

Great

Greaaaat

sir, out of channel correlated and channel uncorrelated , which is better in LOS and Rayleigh

Dear Dr. Would mind help me on, how channel estimation in massive MIMO increase EE.in your book massive MIMO SE&EE .there is no simulation graph how channel estimation in massive MIMO to increase EE. Only you show the formula for Ls, MMSE and EW-MMSE for intracellular interference. How can i gate those formula &how can i Simulate.

I don't understand how 2 beams can radiate 2 different signals, isn't it the same radiating system? Aren't the signals being transmitted by both lobes?

this makes sense, however it wont work if you connect the antennas together, you need an expensive piece of equipment to manage the array! Please could you talk about the point you plug all of the antennas into and you cant splice mutiple antennas as this will share the power and change the freq

sir, in mobile communication system, when multiple users are present in a cell, how many beams can a base station send? In smart antennas, will each antenna send a separate beam for each user? Kindly explain

What do we call a receiver array which ISN'T trying to "point" in any direction. Instead, a smart back end listens to all the elements in the array, and decides, based on detected signal, which ones to sum, which ones to invert or phase-shift, and which ones to ignore?

Wow