But what is a neural network? | Chapter 1, Deep learning

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3Blue1Brown

3Blue1Brown

День тому

What are the neurons, why are there layers, and what is the math underlying it?
Help fund future projects: / 3blue1brown
Written/interactive form of this series: www.3blue1brown.com/topics/ne...
Additional funding for this project provided by Amplify Partners
Typo correction: At 14 minutes 45 seconds, the last index on the bias vector is n, when it's supposed to in fact be a k. Thanks for the sharp eyes that caught that!
For those who want to learn more, I highly recommend the book by Michael Nielsen introducing neural networks and deep learning: goo.gl/Zmczdy
There are two neat things about this book. First, it's available for free, so consider joining me in making a donation Nielsen's way if you get something out of it. And second, it's centered around walking through some code and data which you can download yourself, and which covers the same example that I introduce in this video. Yay for active learning!
github.com/mnielsen/neural-ne...
I also highly recommend Chris Olah's blog: colah.github.io/
For more videos, Welch Labs also has some great series on machine learning:
• Learning To See [Part ...
• Neural Networks Demyst...
For those of you looking to go even deeper, check out the text "Deep Learning" by Goodfellow, Bengio, and Courville.
Also, the publication Distill is just utterly beautiful: distill.pub/
Lion photo by Kevin Pluck
Thanks to these viewers for their contributions to translations
German: @fpgro
Hebrew: Omer Tuchfeld
Hungarian: Máté Kaszap
Italian: @teobucci, Teo Bucci
-----------------
Timeline:
0:00 - Introduction example
1:07 - Series preview
2:42 - What are neurons?
3:35 - Introducing layers
5:31 - Why layers?
8:38 - Edge detection example
11:34 - Counting weights and biases
12:30 - How learning relates
13:26 - Notation and linear algebra
15:17 - Recap
16:27 - Some final words
17:03 - ReLU vs Sigmoid
Correction 14:45 - The final index on the bias vector should be "k"
------------------
Animations largely made using manim, a scrappy open source python library. github.com/3b1b/manim
If you want to check it out, I feel compelled to warn you that it's not the most well-documented tool, and has many other quirks you might expect in a library someone wrote with only their own use in mind.
Music by Vincent Rubinetti.
Download the music on Bandcamp:
vincerubinetti.bandcamp.com/a...
Stream the music on Spotify:
open.spotify.com/album/1dVyjw...
If you want to contribute translated subtitles or to help review those that have already been made by others and need approval, you can click the gear icon in the video and go to subtitles/cc, then "add subtitles/cc". I really appreciate those who do this, as it helps make the lessons accessible to more people.
------------------
3blue1brown is a channel about animating math, in all senses of the word animate. And you know the drill with UKposts, if you want to stay posted on new videos, subscribe, and click the bell to receive notifications (if you're into that).
If you are new to this channel and want to see more, a good place to start is this playlist: 3b1b.co/recommended
Various social media stuffs:
Website: www.3blue1brown.com
Twitter: / 3blue1brown
Patreon: / 3blue1brown
Facebook: / 3blue1brown
Reddit: / 3blue1brown

КОМЕНТАРІ: 7 200
@EebstertheGreat
@EebstertheGreat 6 років тому
Most educational videos give viewers the impression that they are learning something, while in reality, they cannot reliably explain any of the important points of the video later, so they haven't really learned anything. But your videos give me the impression that I haven't learned anything, because all the points you make are sort of obvious in isolation, while in reality, after watching them I find myself much better able to explain some of the concepts in simple, accurate terms. I hope more channels follow this pattern of excellent conceptual learning.
@3blue1brown
@3blue1brown 6 років тому
Huh, I never thought about it this way, but that's a nice way to phrase what I'm shooting for.
@user-ol2gx6of4g
@user-ol2gx6of4g 6 років тому
Being able to explain it at a conceptual level isn't good enough. You can only understand it by practicing (i.e., build neural nets by yourself and play with it)
@3blue1brown
@3blue1brown 6 років тому
busi magen, I don't have a story nearly as touching as that of you and your Grandmother, but I think I would cite my dad as teaching this by example when I was growing up, in that the way that he would describe things centered on what they're actually doing in simple terms, rather than on learning the appropriate jargon.
@davidgiles9378
@davidgiles9378 6 років тому
:-D . Eebsterthegreat: not so obvious insightful complement in reality, as long as you don't read the "I haven't learned anything" part in isolation.
@user-ol2gx6of4g
@user-ol2gx6of4g 6 років тому
Particle accelerator is used for creating/verifying hypothesis. Your analogy is terrible. Regarding learning a new skill, one needs to practice rather than just passively absorb information. This is why homework exists. Regarding neural nets, anyone think they can "explain" NN after watching this video is frankly laughable. (not saying the content of this video is bad)
@nickrollings8839
@nickrollings8839 4 роки тому
Quote: “Any fool can make something complicated. It takes a genius to make it simple.”…..nailed.
@hexa3389
@hexa3389 4 роки тому
"What one fool can do, another can" Some guy who wrote a really popular calc textbook
@genericperson8238
@genericperson8238 4 роки тому
It's a statement I don't agree with. At university, we are taught things in a formal and abstract way, not just for the sake of overcomplicating things. I don't think professors, which are primarily researchers should be considered "fools" because they fail to teach their subject in a more intuitive manner.
@Solaris428
@Solaris428 4 роки тому
@@genericperson8238 a good researcher is not necessarily a good teacher.
@Dongdot123
@Dongdot123 4 роки тому
@@genericperson8238 Yes, they're a fool in pedagogy
@Solo-vh9fm
@Solo-vh9fm 3 роки тому
A genius doesn’t really make it simply more they make it concise.
@ss_avsmt
@ss_avsmt Рік тому
No man, we don't get notifications for your videos. We search for 3b1b. That's how powerful your content is.
@FlyingSavannahs
@FlyingSavannahs Рік тому
I don't understand notifications either. What, we're supposed to do things other than watch all the remaining 3b1b videos we haven't yet seen between notifications? Who would be so wasteful with their lives???
@bruhngl
@bruhngl Рік тому
I just type questions into UKposts and always seem to get his videos as answers
@cvspvr
@cvspvr 2 місяці тому
​@@FlyingSavannahsusually you'd enable notifications only for youtubers who make videos that you're almost always interested in
@shivshankarpe
@shivshankarpe Рік тому
I am blown away by the visual clarity of this description of otherwise a complex technology! More please, I am willing to pay!
@amitjose3739
@amitjose3739 11 місяців тому
thanks fellow indian bro.
@andrewl2787
@andrewl2787 9 місяців тому
= 2 USD😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
@Dtomper
@Dtomper 9 місяців тому
@@andrewl2787 Don't be rude bro, appreciate his good intention, 2$ might mean a lot from where he's from.
@HAL9000.
@HAL9000. 9 місяців тому
@@Dtomper Well said. Peace and love worldwide.
@shivshankarpe
@shivshankarpe 9 місяців тому
@@andrewl2787 Okay so how much did you pay? I will match you, common now
@kummer45
@kummer45 5 років тому
I study mathematics, physics and architecture. By definition this man is an ORACLE in the strict meaning of the word. With all honesty I never imagined someone explaining complex topics with the dexterity this man has. He is literally an institution and an outstanding teacher. The computer graphics and the illustrations are simply perplexing. This guy never evades complexity. He never evades complex arguments. He illustrate the complexity and dive into the exhaustive explanation of the details. It's extremely rare to see a professor and a dedicated user to put a lot of effort explaining, animating and describing mathematics the way he does.
@Aj-ch5kz
@Aj-ch5kz 5 років тому
Well said sir. 🙌
@viharcontractor1679
@viharcontractor1679 5 років тому
@@suwarnachoudhary8591 This video never claimed to be an expert level tutorial so stop comparing it to those type of tutorials.
@suwarnachoudhary8591
@suwarnachoudhary8591 5 років тому
@@viharcontractor1679 When did I say that? Please read my comment again. I have no issues with the tutorial, I have objection on the comment to which I have replied. One should always make an appropriate comments. As it is incorrect to say something rude, it is always wrong to do false praising. Have you read the comment? of kummer45? Calling the tutor of the video as " Oracle"? Really? This kind of words should be used for someone like Swami Vivekanda and not for some ordinary tutorial. It almost hurts to see such misuse of words.
@JCake
@JCake 5 років тому
@@suwarnachoudhary8591 Come on man, what is wrong with / about that comment? The video is fantastic in every way, It is dense enough that I've had to watch it several times over, yet is able to communicate the concept of a neural network in such a way that even my pea brain can grasp this topic, please think before commenting and make a proper comparison.
@suwarnachoudhary8591
@suwarnachoudhary8591 5 років тому
@@JCake First of all, don't use the word 'man' , I am a girl. I never said video is bad.It is fine. Why everyone is coming over here and defending the video? Is is so difficult to understand what I am saying? The comment from kummer 45 is an exaggeration and I stick to it because it is. If the video is good enough , one does not need to watch it second time to understand the concept. I had seen one video by Mathew Renze on the same topic. That long tutorial, was first time I came across neural network. It was more that 1.30 hours of series of videos. I never watched it again and still remember every single concept. Now if this man is oracle what you will call him?
@mheidari988
@mheidari988 2 роки тому
I am Programming for more than ten years and I never saw anyone explain a complex idea by such a clean and clear terms. Well done.
@ABHISHEKKUMAR-bl5wy
@ABHISHEKKUMAR-bl5wy 10 місяців тому
yeah thats power of manim !
@hritijrana1409
@hritijrana1409 2 місяці тому
can you explain the animation at @9:30
@arjunkc3227
@arjunkc3227 Місяць тому
Because you only program without mathematics
@tentimesful
@tentimesful Місяць тому
secret scientist are much further than this, like they can wirelessly from satellite I think give dream images and change dreams you make yourself... for me they always try to make it ugly,...
@edwardmacnab354
@edwardmacnab354 Місяць тому
Markov Chains ? how simple is that ?
@benjaminmllerjensen8705
@benjaminmllerjensen8705 Рік тому
I'm currently taking a computer science math course where the professor strongly advised everyone to watch this exact video series to get an intuition about what all the math is actually used for.
@vgdevi5167
@vgdevi5167 Рік тому
Bro, which college you studying in now?
@benjaminmllerjensen8705
@benjaminmllerjensen8705 Рік тому
@@vgdevi5167 Aarhus University, Denmark
@benjaminmllerjensen8705
@benjaminmllerjensen8705 Рік тому
@@vgdevi5167 1st semester :)
@Nalianna
@Nalianna Рік тому
Good to learn from, and also, entertaining to watch. double win.
@snow3570
@snow3570 Рік тому
Linear Algebra? That’s what I’m following in about 6 weeks, which is basically the math behind Neural Networks
@AwesumBear
@AwesumBear 4 роки тому
I can't wait for neural networking to be able to recognize my doctor's prescription.
@tinysim
@tinysim 4 роки тому
They need to study pharmacists to figure that out.
@pimp2570
@pimp2570 4 роки тому
That would be magnificent!
@user-qh2vq6md2g
@user-qh2vq6md2g 4 роки тому
from what i understand (i am also an dummy i just tell you what i think) the inputs are the pixels the weights are the pixels 's whiteness or blackness it is like lets say we need first pixel to be white so we need the computer to know there is a pixel there (hence it's an input) we need the computer to change how white or black it is (hence the computer's ability to change weights)
@jonavuka
@jonavuka 4 роки тому
its actually impossible, that level of calligraphy is indecipherable
@luisendymion9080
@luisendymion9080 4 роки тому
Doctors writing make Strings Theory a piece of cake for humans, AIs and aliens.
@bambambhole8282
@bambambhole8282 4 роки тому
In schools everyone taught us to practice maths but this man teaches us to imagine maths
@joukrae593
@joukrae593 4 роки тому
True🔥🔥
@taliesinmusic
@taliesinmusic 4 роки тому
best comment here, period!
@ajvlogs2277
@ajvlogs2277 4 роки тому
Juju
@shawnjames3242
@shawnjames3242 3 роки тому
Did you mean 'visualize' maths
@leandrog2785
@leandrog2785 3 роки тому
They don't teach you maths, they teach you how to solve exam questions. Maths is what 3Blue1Brown teaches.
@hawkite3185
@hawkite3185 3 роки тому
The fact that I was sent here by my university lecturer is a testament to how good 3Blue1Brown is.
@RasheedaLehri
@RasheedaLehri 3 роки тому
Same here😂
@DanishJamal898
@DanishJamal898 3 роки тому
Same here😂😂
@MuhammadAhsanKaleem
@MuhammadAhsanKaleem 3 роки тому
Same here 😂😂😂
@nyzss
@nyzss 3 роки тому
Same here 😂😂😂😂
@Brahvim
@Brahvim 3 роки тому
Hm...... _Daniel Shiffman?_
@tvo18868
@tvo18868 4 місяці тому
Your videos are singlehandedly keeping my PhD research on track. Thank you for your time and effort!
@randomguy4738
@randomguy4738 4 місяці тому
This is what you're studying for your PhD? This is what I learned in highschool...
@blueberried9329
@blueberried9329 3 місяці тому
Which class exactly did you learn about neural networks? Did you also learn multi-variable calculus (fundamental to even the simplest neural network) in your high school class? I would love to attend!@@randomguy4738
@P_Stark_3786
@P_Stark_3786 3 місяці тому
​@@randomguy4738 learning is not about phd or high school it's about need Whenever you need you learn
@user-py3py5sx2f
@user-py3py5sx2f 3 місяці тому
​@@P_Stark_3786obviously there's a reason they are separated, you won't be awarded a PhD if what you "need" to learn isn't at PhD level
@muhammadhidayat1337
@muhammadhidayat1337 3 місяці тому
@@randomguy4738 What you learn, what he study are on the different level. Just shut your mouth son
@cliffrosen5180
@cliffrosen5180 Рік тому
Brilliantly explained
@uncommonsense9973
@uncommonsense9973 Рік тому
I had learned about neural networks and knew the mechanics of it. But this is way better explained - you nailed it - brilliantly.
@randompersondfgb
@randompersondfgb Рік тому
@@uncommonsense9973 Sorry to disappoint you but the commentor isn't the creator of the video lol
@wnyduchess
@wnyduchess Рік тому
@@randompersondfgb he was agreeing with the commenter bro
@randompersondfgb
@randompersondfgb Рік тому
@@wnyduchess To quote the reply itself; “this is way better explained - *you* nailed it - brilliantly”
@wnyduchess
@wnyduchess Рік тому
@@randompersondfgb yes, you're not understanding. Uncommon Sense is saying "you" nailed it. The you is Cliff Rosen, the original commenter. He's saying that Cliff Rosen nailed it when he wrote the comment "Brilliantly explained".
@BhuvanGabbita
@BhuvanGabbita 3 роки тому
It takes 3000-4000 lines of code to make those graphics possible, he's a freakin legend
@omarz5009
@omarz5009 3 роки тому
Which is best for neuron? python or c++
@jagaya3662
@jagaya3662 3 роки тому
@@omarz5009 The main downside of python is the fact it's a high-level language and hence kinda slow. But for ML and NN it has several powerful libraries (pandas, numpy, tensorflow) which make up for that. Given Python supports the implementation of C-Code, those libraries could be optimized like heck to the point bothering with the stuff in C++ is just wasted time. Plus Python is much easier to learn, hence more people use it and develope for it.
@omarz5009
@omarz5009 3 роки тому
@@jagaya3662 That makes sense. Thanks for explaining :)
@omarz5009
@omarz5009 3 роки тому
​@@anelemlambo497thank you for explaining :)
@Sujitth
@Sujitth 3 роки тому
How these graphics and animations were made actually?
@MrTyty527
@MrTyty527 4 роки тому
Around 2 years ago I was a sophomore statistics student and had no idea what deep learning is, until I met this video and 3b1b channel. His clear explanation of neural network and animations blew my mind. Since then I started my journey in machine learning. For a random reason I clicked onto this video again, and realized how long my journey in this field have been. This video really changed my life and I am really grateful about it.
@clubofsercettechnologies9135
@clubofsercettechnologies9135 3 роки тому
@3Blue1Brown Please give a heart .......
@yashrathi6862
@yashrathi6862 3 роки тому
I am in class 11 currently and unfortunately I am not able to understand this. Could you point me to some prerequisites?
@patrick2288
@patrick2288 3 роки тому
@@yashrathi6862 The linear algebra series that was recommended in the video is a good start, other than that you should keep watching this video and you will start to understand it better the more you do. I am also in class 11 and that is what helped me
@jialiu1796
@jialiu1796 3 роки тому
One year ago I met this video. I couldn't understand any single word in it. A year later, I am back and I still cannot understand it. I am fucking stupid.......
@manswind3417
@manswind3417 3 роки тому
@@yashrathi6862 To be honest there are no real "prerequisites" for learning neural networks, in the end it just gets down to how familiar you are with the concepts of basic graph theory. However, I admit that it can be pretty overwhelming for someone to try and comprehend all the stuff at once, which is why being savvy with the use of linear algebra is a must. Apart from that you should try your hand at programming once, perhaps the algorithmic mode of thinking would help you deveop an intuition for neural networks. And yes, of course try to explore graph theory, for neural networks will resonate much better with you once you do, imo.
@buihung3704
@buihung3704 6 місяців тому
This is how you taught Deep Learning, people. I've seen lectures that either be categorized into 2 groups: too hard or too shallow/general. You have balanced between them. Thanks you so much!
@luukburger
@luukburger Рік тому
I just love the way the concepts of neural networks are explained in this video. After watching it, you feel like you have an idea about the "building blocks" of a neural network. Since I'm new to the topic, it's hard to judge whether crucial things are left out or over-simplified, but I feel it's a great introduction to the topic. Thanks a lot for sharing this!
@akshunair3367
@akshunair3367 3 роки тому
Our generation is lucky to have mentors like you, thank you so much sir!
@nadanfrenkiel763
@nadanfrenkiel763 2 роки тому
Fine Indeed, Refreshing Super Tenacious
@elgary9074
@elgary9074 2 роки тому
This is the 80s generation we were listening rock music and looking how to get things done better we grew without mobile phones just sitting front of a computer or playing basketball outside in the park. We grew without rap, hip-hop, either thinking that the gang is a cool guy! this is what now generations require badly!
@MiguelAngel-fw4sk
@MiguelAngel-fw4sk 2 роки тому
​@@elgary9074 I hope that someday scientists will be able to understand what you have written.
@paromita_ghosh
@paromita_ghosh Рік тому
@@MiguelAngel-fw4sk 🤣
@erwinschrodinger9693
@erwinschrodinger9693 3 роки тому
In class : printf("Hello world"); The exam :
@ThomasJr
@ThomasJr 3 роки тому
kkkk
@supermarketshenshah8771
@supermarketshenshah8771 3 роки тому
Why did introduce us to quantum mechanics. You sucks.
@aedaldaniel
@aedaldaniel 3 роки тому
😂😭
@hybmnzz2658
@hybmnzz2658 3 роки тому
@@supermarketshenshah8771 Schrödinger equation is the coolest thing in physics you suck
@divyasharma9716
@divyasharma9716 3 роки тому
@@ThomasJr {i>{
@samethingsmakeuslaughmakeuscry
@samethingsmakeuslaughmakeuscry 5 місяців тому
I am currently doing my Master's in Data Science and this 18 minute video is better than any course I have taken so far
@edwardmacnab354
@edwardmacnab354 Місяць тому
maybe give up ?
@samethingsmakeuslaughmakeuscry
@samethingsmakeuslaughmakeuscry Місяць тому
maybe ligma
@EMEducation
@EMEducation Рік тому
I absolutely love this video, I saw this video a few months ago and couldn't understand it too well until after I went into linear algebra and took a course on deep learning. This explanation is still one of the best ones I've ever seen. I truly respect your work here and please keep it up!
@AmeraldFang
@AmeraldFang 5 років тому
Is anyone else nominating this series for the "Distill Prize for Clarity" in 2019? I really think he deserves it, excellent visualizations.
@WepixGames
@WepixGames 5 років тому
Yeah I would, every day of the year.
@buburayam6557
@buburayam6557 5 років тому
Totally! Animation and visualization here makes understanding as clear as a crystal!
@milanpandey8431
@milanpandey8431 5 років тому
yesssss
@lmf1799
@lmf1799 5 років тому
@@benisrood Can it be nominated for anything else?
@sauravvagarwal
@sauravvagarwal 4 роки тому
THE TEACHING ASIDE , THOSE GRAPHICS MAN! TAKES LOT OF EFFORT!
@deepak4u23
@deepak4u23 3 роки тому
Exactly....Lot of effort is required to make this type of video.
@hmm7458
@hmm7458 3 роки тому
why iam seeing Indians everywhere
@kartikeya9997
@kartikeya9997 3 роки тому
@@hmm7458 cause u are also an indian...
@pandatobi5897
@pandatobi5897 3 роки тому
@@kartikeya9997 that's not an answer lmaooo
@ryanwhite7401
@ryanwhite7401 3 роки тому
I know I can't do better. I'll be referring students in my neural networks class to these videos, lol.
@sangwookim5551
@sangwookim5551 Рік тому
3Blue1Brown is the go-to channel that explains complex math concepts with the highest clarity without any loss of complexity of the topic. Simply brilliant!
@nithinkandula4346
@nithinkandula4346 Рік тому
The way u guys animate and explain the difficult topics in the most simple visual way is impressive...kudos and thank you for the efforts.
@shaileshrana7165
@shaileshrana7165 3 роки тому
As a person who has self-learned a bit of python and is just trying to learn this stuff, this is exactly the best place to begin.
@DeFabulisHistoria
@DeFabulisHistoria 3 роки тому
My thoughts exactly!
@duykhanh7746
@duykhanh7746 2 роки тому
At the end of the video, he showed the relu function f(a)=a with a>0, so the value of the neuron doesnt have to be between 0 and 1?
@funwithstudy2333
@funwithstudy2333 2 роки тому
That's me
@B20C0
@B20C0 2 роки тому
@@duykhanh7746 A bit late but if your question hasn't been answered yet: It doesn't really matter if you have a value >1. Basically anything above 0 is an activation and you can also view it as the size of "a" being the intensity of the activation. Biological neurons can also be more active by firing in fast succession (up until they reach the maximum possible firing rate of like 250-1000Hz depending on the source), but you don't want to introduce things like loops in artificial neurons to not slow down your network. So to simulate this kind of behavior, you just let your output get bigger. You can compensate for the lack of an upper limit in the following neurons by adjusting the weights and the biases. TL;DR: No. :D
@Skynet_the_AI
@Skynet_the_AI Рік тому
🙂
@skepticmoderate5790
@skepticmoderate5790 6 років тому
I just watched Welch labs machine learning playlist a few weeks ago. It was mind-blowing. I'm glad you're getting into machine learning too! : )
@3blue1brown
@3blue1brown 6 років тому
Yes, Welch Labs is truly great.
@temitopehardhekheyhe7359
@temitopehardhekheyhe7359 3 роки тому
Thanks for the recommendation!
@zulucharlie5244
@zulucharlie5244 Рік тому
This channel and the visualizations it produces to teach subjects like this one is the best advance in the history of communicating mathematical ideas. It's extraordinarily inspiring that one person can have such a large impact on the world today (and for generations to come). Thank you, Grant Sanderson.
@test-sc2iy
@test-sc2iy 7 місяців тому
Dude, inspiring comment yourself.
@shubhampipada3130
@shubhampipada3130 Місяць тому
My God! No words to express as to how you made such a complex topic to be understood using visuals so easily! Hats off!!
@christianaustin782
@christianaustin782 6 років тому
PART 1? THERE WILL BE MORE? YAS 3BLUE1BROWN IS DOING NEURAL NETWORKS! TODAY IS A GOOD DAY
@HowardMullings
@HowardMullings 6 років тому
You will find this series very helpful as well. ukposts.info/have/v-deo/mqiWZopkjW6Js6c.html
@atlas7425
@atlas7425 6 років тому
I totally agree, my friend. Today is a very important day in the history of youtube mathematics. And since I am the 100th person who liked your comment, I would like to give a little inspirational speech: To all mathematicians, physicists, engineers, computer scientists or people who want to become one of those in the future, today is a very important day. The best youtube mathematician, 3Blue1Brown, has made a video about neural networks and plans to make others about it in the future. I think it's not necessary to explain the inherent significance this topic has concerning the future of our technology and our understanding of the universe and the processes going on in it. These videos will help the new scientific generations to cope with the structures still to be found and to bring on a new and deeper understanding of the things that have been found and examinated before. Humanity is reaching a point, where the wish to understand the world is higher than it has ever been before. You, dear future scientists, can all be a part of the progress we are just going through, you just have to have the Will and the Strength for it, never give up if things aren't working properly or as you expected and always remember: At the end, everything will be fine, so if it isn't fine, it's not the end. Actually, I have reached the end of my little inspirational speech (and it is fine ;) ), and to complement it well, I want to quote a famous poem which plays an important role in a very good and famous science fiction movie.... "Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light." Thank you.
@xipity
@xipity 6 років тому
This comment is lit!
@zionj104
@zionj104 6 років тому
yas
@hawaiijim
@hawaiijim 6 років тому
RNN? LSTM?
@MrJonndoe
@MrJonndoe 4 роки тому
One of the few teachers that don't make you feel stupid, but actually help you understand the topic. I appreciate the time you spend on this.
@patriciocastillo2772
@patriciocastillo2772 Рік тому
You have been a key element on my Machine Learning education! I am a visual person. So your videos help me so much to understand the concepts behind the math.
@mgonetwo
@mgonetwo Рік тому
Thanks for all the effort you put into the work! Cannot stress enough how glad and inspired I am for having people like you on the planet.
@someeng5043
@someeng5043 4 роки тому
This is my very first time commenting on a UKposts video, and it's just to say: This is the best explanation of anything ever.
@NepalSadikshya
@NepalSadikshya 4 роки тому
yet, people don't understand
@tommyproductions891
@tommyproductions891 4 роки тому
Some Eng congrats man
@the7th494
@the7th494 4 роки тому
i couldn't understand anything over a minute in
@bensfons
@bensfons 4 роки тому
Wait until you see his video about the Fourier Transform. My GOD that vid is the best thing i've seen in ages.
@thisaintmyrealname1
@thisaintmyrealname1 4 роки тому
"Even when it works, dig into why" - 3B1B. Your lessons are pure gold sir. I'm here after watching the entire Essence of Linear Algebra. Thank you.
@anudeepayinaparthi7493
@anudeepayinaparthi7493 Місяць тому
Every few years I come back to watch this series. The most intuitive and understandable explanation of neural networks that exists
@ollerich32
@ollerich32 Рік тому
Today I came back to the first video of yours which I saw some years ago and which made me appreciate maths much, much more. It is also incredibly well-made and I just watched it again. Thanks for your work, Grant! I am still subscribed and enjoy and learn from each of your videos since.
@tadm123
@tadm123 4 роки тому
I'm studying AI for my masters degree and my professor told everyone to watch this video to understand the concept :D
@andrea_dev
@andrea_dev 3 роки тому
he knows...
@ixy6864
@ixy6864 3 роки тому
amazing. :D
@misaelzepeda7920
@misaelzepeda7920 3 роки тому
me too!
@curiousredpand90
@curiousredpand90 3 роки тому
School is a scam
@shubhamsinha7702
@shubhamsinha7702 3 роки тому
Where are you studying ai??, I mean what is the name of your college or university????
@nityasingh3
@nityasingh3 2 роки тому
This video kickstarted my journey in ML a year back. Trust me, back then I watched this video three times to finally understand. It might be challenging for few to get it but when you get it, it just feels amazing
@chitranshsrivastav4648
@chitranshsrivastav4648 Рік тому
@@DawnshieId why do you think it cannot go beyond 1?
@jackgrothaus2722
@jackgrothaus2722 Рік тому
Felt like the brain chair meme when this video finally clicked (after the 4th watch)
@abinashkarki
@abinashkarki Рік тому
@@chitranshsrivastav4648 How do you weight?
@cameleonarabic8124
@cameleonarabic8124 8 місяців тому
after 8:38 felt really hard to understand.. I will try again and comment back
@CSgof___yourself
@CSgof___yourself 7 місяців тому
Hell yeah. Im literally in your shoes rn
@monome3038
@monome3038 2 місяці тому
it's incredible and inspiring to witness someone teaching a subject where they know all the details, all the whys and hows behind each detail. I can only thank you and say that you inspire me to enjoy learning especially if i can help someone learn with more ease a subject that was hard for me to gasp. I wish you all the best and thank you so so so much
@SamoFix
@SamoFix 11 місяців тому
Never see anything similar than this. Unbelievable that such understandable visualization of illustration can be done. Crazily hard and great work!
@JayHendren
@JayHendren 6 років тому
@3Blue1Brown - A quick suggestion: Red-green color deficiency is the most common form of colorblindness. When trying to represent information via a color spectrum, could you please choose colors other than red and green for this reason? Red and blue are good choices because they are distinguishable by both red-green color deficient people as well as blue-yellow color deficient people, which is the second-most common form of colorblindness. I was completely unable to tell which pixels have positive weights and which ones had negative weights in your example due to my colorblindness. Thanks, and keep up the fantastic videos :)
@sergey1519
@sergey1519 5 років тому
Upper row of this white zone had negative weights, central part had positive, and bottom row had negative weigths.This means that if you have horizontal line this neuron will have high values, but if vertical line or any other patern then it will have value that is closer to 0.
@BreaksFast
@BreaksFast 5 років тому
windows 10 has colour filters that will fix this for you. go to settings, ease of access, and click on 'colour filters'
@blurr3272
@blurr3272 3 роки тому
this is my first introduction to machine learning and I watched this only twice to get it, really goes to show how good of a teacher this guy is, the effort he puts in is nothing short of amazing !
@filippians413
@filippians413 3 роки тому
Definitely am gonna have to watch it again. Got half way through and it started to get pretty heavy
@Suryakanthi1982
@Suryakanthi1982 2 місяці тому
This is simplest and best way to explain neural networks. This is the best introductory video on Neural networks I watched so far.
@DavidGPeters
@DavidGPeters 4 роки тому
how is it possible that I can lie in my bed on a Sunday and am presented with mind-boggling cutting edge knowledge told by an incredibly soothing voice in a world class manner on a 2K screen of a pocket supercomputer basically for free
@smit_1449
@smit_1449 3 роки тому
Welcome to the 21st century
@Unstable_Diffusion89
@Unstable_Diffusion89 3 роки тому
yet 90% of people use that supercomputer to mindlessly scroll feeds.
@Unstable_Diffusion89
@Unstable_Diffusion89 3 роки тому
@@Charge11 And software engineering advancements, thousands of years of intellectual history, biological evolution of conscious brains and so forth. point is, it's miraculous if you step back far enough.
@stargrabbitz6726
@stargrabbitz6726 3 роки тому
because it isn't
@ericvelasquez1282
@ericvelasquez1282 3 роки тому
It's not free, Google's massive network of AI neuron is harvesting terabytes upon terabytes of information about you every time you click on anything.
@Mypersonalyoutube123
@Mypersonalyoutube123 4 роки тому
Bio teacher: what is a neuron? Me: a thing that holds a number between 0 and 1
@zbr4cker117
@zbr4cker117 4 роки тому
lmao good one.
@prabeshpaudel5615
@prabeshpaudel5615 4 роки тому
get out of my class
@insomnia20422
@insomnia20422 4 роки тому
You could actually associate synapses and their enhancers (weight > 0) as well as their repressors (weight < 0) as the weights and the target-neurons as the number between 0 and 1. Then the amount of input the target-neuron gets determines if it will fire itself (and how strong). So our brain works very similar to the artificial neural networks we created and it just a matter of time when there will be an AI that can genuinely learn like we can (-> artifical general intelligence or AGI) and therefore be able to surpass all of us (-> artificial super intelligence or ASI).
@haykg
@haykg 4 роки тому
InSomnia DrEvil Great explanation, but you ruined the joke lmao
@SuperBhavanishankar
@SuperBhavanishankar 4 роки тому
@@prabeshpaudel5615 haha
@NoobJang
@NoobJang 11 місяців тому
neatly explained, never thought machine learning would be this easy to comprehend most of the youtubers out there just throw bunch of concepts out without actually explaining the relation and the logic of the whole design most of the time i thought i was too stupid to understand these things and that i must take a specialized college course or sth but turns out that wasnt the case, its just that youtube needs more people like you who can explain things with sophisticated details in simple language thanks for your contribution bro
@Betamax84
@Betamax84 8 місяців тому
This the most comprehensive and understandable explanation of a neural network. Thank you.
@MattBargain
@MattBargain 3 роки тому
I work in a company developing just this kind of stuff. I’m still baffled how incredibly intelligent people are and I have no idea how they can repeatedly accept me as worthy enough to be with them.
@blackbriarmead1966
@blackbriarmead1966 2 роки тому
impostor syndrome. There will almost always be someone better than you, but you are probably better than you give yourself credit for
@SaifUlIslam-db1nu
@SaifUlIslam-db1nu 5 років тому
Written some notes from the video to read quickly. Hope it helps somebody. l Neural Networks can recognize hand written digits, letters, words ( in general, tokens ) l What are Neurons? ○ Something that holds a number [ 0, 1] ○ The higher the number, the higher the "activation" rate l Consider a 28*28 table in which each unit is represented by a value between 0 to 1 ( activation number ) ○ Let us divide each row into a "layer", such that, if we were to divide all the layers, the last layer would contain 10 "cells" ( units ). ○ Values are passed from the previous cells to the last layer ( 10 unit layer ), again, between 0 and 1. The higher or closer the value is to 1, the more probability exists that the image scanned represents that unit cell. So, a unit cell that contains the highest value is indication that the index of the unit cell is the value of the image scanned. ○ 16 cells in the second and third last cells are arbitrary. ○ Each cell is linked ( causes activation ) to some ( not all ) other cells in the next layer which further cause more activation. ○ Each 'cell' corresponds to some sort of identification about how much a certain region 'lights up', and then sends a value to another node which reacts based on the received value. ○ To find whether a certain cell with light us, like each cell be represented by 'a Cell_Number ', and let each cell be 'assigned' a certain weight 'w'. The sum of all the products of each cells 'a' and 'w' will be: w1*a1 + w2*a2 + w3*a3 + w4*a4 + … + wn*an ○ Let these weighted sums represent some 'grid cell'. Each cell is either 'on' or 'off' with respect to being positive or negative. In this case, 'green' represents on, and 'red' represents off. ○ Let us concern ourselves to a certain region where the cells are mostly on. Ergo, we would be basically summing up the weightages of those grid cells. ○ Then, if you suppose a region where there are brighter grid cells in some part which are surrounded by dark grid cells, then that area is the main edge we're looking for. ○ Of course the sum of weightages gives us very different value. In order to 'squish' that number line into 0 and 1 , we use the function: Sigma(x) = 1/(1 + e^-x) Which is a sigmoid function or a Logistic Curve. Our equation now becomes: Sigmoid(w1*a1 + w2*a2 + w3*a3 + w4*a4 + … + wn*an) ○ But what if you don't always want to light up when it's a positive value, and rather want it to light up when the weighted sum of that grid cell full fills some condition, such as > 10. This is called 'Bias For Inactivity'. Using this example, our equation becomes, Sigmoid(w1*a1 + w2*a2 + w3*a3 + w4*a4 + … + wn*an - 10) Here, 10 is the "bias". ○ The possibilities of the different knobs and dials open us to the term of "Learning", which just means to find the correct relation of values which perform the expected behavior. ○ The complete expression above can be adjusted in the formula: a(1) = Sigma(W*a(0) + b ) ( (1) and (0) are superscript here ) Where W = k*n matrix whose elements are weights corresponding to a cell. a(0) = n*1 matrix whose elements are the 'a' of each cell. b= n*1 matrix whose elements are the biases of each cell ○ NOTE: Sigmoid function is not used very often now, instead it is replaced by ReLU ( Rectified Linear Unity ), which is defined as: ReLU(a) = max(0, a), a linear function where f(a) = a for a>= 0, which for a < 0, f(a) = 0.
@surbhianand5603
@surbhianand5603 5 років тому
thanks..
@vikasbansal4180
@vikasbansal4180 5 років тому
Good work👏👏👍, thnx
@tejasmaloor2507
@tejasmaloor2507 5 років тому
Thank you sooooooo Much!!!!!!
@berikeed
@berikeed 5 років тому
You saved my life!!!!
@hiimthepoor8520
@hiimthepoor8520 5 років тому
Thanks!
@agustinjoe
@agustinjoe Рік тому
I saw this video when it first came out, I was amazed at how Deep Neural Networks worked and how he could explain them so clearly. Now I am working as a Machine Learning engineer. Thank you so much for helping me find my passion
@rigeshyogi
@rigeshyogi Рік тому
This is by far the best explanation I have seen to understand how a neural net works. Kudos.
@shaktisingh3864
@shaktisingh3864 2 роки тому
One “like” is not enough for the work that has gone into making one such video. This video should be part of the curriculum and he should get the royalty for this. Awesome work!
@natew4724
@natew4724 Рік тому
Yes!
@benjaminmllerjensen8705
@benjaminmllerjensen8705 Рік тому
I'm currently taking a computer science math course where the professor strongly advised everyone to watch this exact video series to get an intuition about what all the math is actually used for.
@drunkpy1590
@drunkpy1590 6 місяців тому
+1
@rahulsundaresan218
@rahulsundaresan218 6 років тому
This channel is so damn good. Other channels give some terrible analogies and some other explain it in extreme technical detail. This strikes the perfect balance and provides a foundation to understand the more technical details
@Mosfet510
@Mosfet510 6 років тому
I wish this guy was my math teacher back in high school.
@Certio0
@Certio0 6 років тому
Just shows that good teaching skills are very rare.
@MrFredazo
@MrFredazo 6 років тому
Understandable animations on the perfect timing with the words, and no holes on the explanations, makes the trick
@pamr001
@pamr001 3 місяці тому
I know you read this all the time, but I must say it. You videos are simply incredible! Your work reshapes education. You deserve every cent that this platform puts in your pocket.
@simonshepherd8801
@simonshepherd8801 9 місяців тому
This video explains the subject so clearly and makes the topic so accesible where previously it wasnt - thank you. Great communication.
@efulmer8675
@efulmer8675 3 роки тому
3Blue1Brown "Sigmoid Squishification Function": 11:23 Most brilliantly named function I have ever heard named. Absolutely brilliant. The merger of the technical with the simple with a double alliteration for easy memory.
@_mto
@_mto 6 років тому
Neural networks is a topic I've wanted an intuitive understanding of for a while. 3b1b has the most intuitive explanations on UKposts. This video could not be any better.
@alchemicalmoon3426
@alchemicalmoon3426 6 років тому
MTO Intuitive understanding?
@bobbob3630
@bobbob3630 6 років тому
It isn't intuitive understanding if you have been looking for a explanation in a while xd
@Fermion.
@Fermion. 6 років тому
N·J Media - Intuitive understanding is understanding that in a triangle, for example, the side across from a given angle has to increase or decrease in length relative to its opposite angle, without a mathematical proof.
@mittensmacks9239
@mittensmacks9239 9 місяців тому
I have to be honest...During school and college I never was a fan of math at all....But this channel is actually changing my mind. I even bought a math book!!! This is a good channel!
@cakec9
@cakec9 Рік тому
i have recommended this channel in every single conversation I had in 2022. Thank you!
@abhiram6329
@abhiram6329 3 роки тому
Every second of this video is a Pre-requisite to the next second of the video :D
@marcellod.7290
@marcellod.7290 2 роки тому
I am a Data Scientist and I would like to tell you THANKS. I have NEVER met anyone with the ability to teach complex things in this way. A M A Z I N G. Please continue like this, for example with other statistics videos. You can substitute many of the University courses.
@anjalikhobragade7063
@anjalikhobragade7063 7 місяців тому
May I know which type network connection allows neural network
@Lawls
@Lawls Рік тому
Thank you so much for making this. I just finished a lecture on this and didn't understand it at all. In 5 minutes here I understood so much more.
@20sur20edu
@20sur20edu 3 роки тому
This will go down as one of the best lectures in history. What an amazing and concise explanation of something I thought I would never understand ...
@hamidbluri3135
@hamidbluri3135 2 роки тому
totally agreed
@paulah1639
@paulah1639 6 років тому
This is the best intro to neural networks I have ever seen. The presentation is excellent! The animations are very very very helpful especially in understanding the formulas and matrices and how they came to be. Thanks a million. Looking forward for the next one.
@ash1983
@ash1983 4 місяці тому
I have never seen a more clear and pedagogic way oof explaning neural networks! Thank you! And awesome graphics btw…
@nicksohacki7114
@nicksohacki7114 Рік тому
amazingly well-explained. hats off to you, good sir
@gauravrai5393
@gauravrai5393 2 роки тому
Your way of making things simpler, relevant, and uncovering the most complex concepts into meaningful lessons is amazing.
@jsnadrian
@jsnadrian 4 роки тому
watching this for a second time and i can't believe how illuminating is to come back to the basics and get a renewed understanding -- grant, you're a treasure
@chaoszero6867
@chaoszero6867 Рік тому
You are a beautiful human being. I've watched you even before college, just out of interest and curiosity. Now I'm in college, and I can't thank you enough. Math is so much more amazing when you have many different eyes to view it in. Also I'm currently taking linear algebra and an intro to neural networks.
@harryli7557
@harryli7557 11 місяців тому
It was magic when this video starts lining up with what I have just learned in a data mining class. Love your videos so much! Also, would be cool to see your take on power laws and self-organized criticality--I'm sure some really interesting connection can be made visually!
@FacultyofKhan
@FacultyofKhan 6 років тому
Thank you 3b1b. This video certainly gave me a deep enough understanding to allow my neural networks to retain the information. EDIT: seems like I'm not the only one making lame puns about the title.
@PeterNjeim
@PeterNjeim 6 років тому
For the first argument in the video: "You can recognize that all of these images are 3's, even though the pixels are very different." is complete bullshit. Handwriting varies *_EXTREMELY_* person by person and so humans are very used to looking at different ways to write the same thing, especially with things like cursive. It's not a surprise that we can identify the images, please don't talk like it is a surprise, makes me feel like you're less intelligent than you really are.
@Yuras20
@Yuras20 6 років тому
Calm down a little... Everything what's been said in this video is in context of machine learning, computers, mathematics, algebra etc. So if we want to treat brain as a complex computer than it's function to recognize letters from pixels is amazing and give food for thought how human's brain really works.
@Rurexxx
@Rurexxx 6 років тому
Peter Njeim it's not a surprise that you can identify images. The surprise is how complicated image recognition actually is if you think about it.
@bruno_sjc_
@bruno_sjc_ 6 років тому
Peter Njeim, do people invite you for parties?
@jonathanmercedes3583
@jonathanmercedes3583 6 років тому
Faculty of Khan M
@abdulhadishoufan5353
@abdulhadishoufan5353 6 років тому
Behind this material is an extreme shot of giftedness. Explaining something is not easy. You first need a solid physical model for the topic in your brain and then you need to translate this model into a mental model that can be faithfully exported into others' brains. I congratulate you for this excellent job and I hope that you appreciate what you are and what you are doing. This is much more important than how much money this business brings.
@scriptles
@scriptles 8 місяців тому
AI, neural networks, machine learning... these things are going to be a HUGE part of our future.
@user-ls1dq5gu1j
@user-ls1dq5gu1j 6 місяців тому
Explaining something like Deep Learning with so much clarity is very hard to find, hats off to you and thank you for sharing the knowledge!
@katariegels258
@katariegels258 2 роки тому
I am just astounded. I spent so much time trying to understand this concept. Everywhere I looked people would show the similar neural network animation, but no one ever really explained and exemplified every single step, layer, term and mathematics behind it. The video is really well structured and with amazing animations. Extremely well done. My mind is so blown I can barely write this comment.
@amir650
@amir650 6 років тому
The best introduction to Neural Net's I've ever seen. Kudos!
@avirfrog2091
@avirfrog2091 Рік тому
Thanks for helping me understand how NN works :D I started exploring this subject a few days ago and your video helped me a lot to understand some things better.
@SiegelBantuBear
@SiegelBantuBear 6 днів тому
Gracefully unpacked for my small mind. Sigh. Bless you back Sir🙏🏼
@tessdejaeghere6972
@tessdejaeghere6972 3 роки тому
You're the first person to explain bias in an intuitive manner. Thank you.
@Brillibits
@Brillibits Рік тому
This was one of the first videos I watched when learning machine learning. Now its my job! :)
@sorabghaswalla555
@sorabghaswalla555 6 місяців тому
This is an awesome video, and the use of animation has made a complex topic like ANN so much easier tp understand. Thank you very much. A fan for life.
@brianbarefootburns3521
@brianbarefootburns3521 6 років тому
Finally, a video that does more than just present some neurons and layers and say, “here’s an activation function.” Your video describes how the model is developed and why the algorithmic approach is appropriate for the problems neural networks try to solve. Thanks!
@akshayasubramanian4311
@akshayasubramanian4311 3 роки тому
This is the first time I'm commenting on a UKposts video and honestly, I'm so thankful people like you exist! I wish only the best for you in whatever you do!
@jamescarr2191
@jamescarr2191 8 місяців тому
Fantastic visualized learning!
@vivatree8718
@vivatree8718 8 днів тому
This is great, finding this for the first time. Put me in my place about how 'new' some of this stuff was. Brilliant, keen to check the video on Linear Algebra.
@codemaster1768
@codemaster1768 2 роки тому
It took me one week to understand this when I was reading a university lecture. You explained it to me in 20 mins. You are such a savior. Thanks 3Blue1Brown!
@aishasyed9756
@aishasyed9756 2 роки тому
Can't believe how well explained and intuitive this is. I aspire to become a teacher like you.
@user-br1fe8de1e
@user-br1fe8de1e Рік тому
Too good. Can't imagine how long it'll take for me to understand this concept without your video!
@eengpriyasingh706
@eengpriyasingh706 Рік тому
UKposts doesn't send notification for this video. best lectures you provide.....even after joining many courses this platform only clears my doubts
@felipedigregorio3948
@felipedigregorio3948 2 роки тому
Just saw this series of videos and I'm now hungry for more. Congratulations on your unique capacity to make visual very complex information. The last episode flew a bit over my head at times, but I really appreciate you took the time to go to that level
@joaoadm94
@joaoadm94 2 роки тому
I love the graphics in this channel! The level of detail, like the little numbers representing the grayscale of each pixel on the matrix, just blow me away! Thanks for such informative and inspiring work!
@mrajread
@mrajread Рік тому
This is such a well-made, refreshing take on neural networks. Love the background music too. Thanks!
@MarcEl-od4ld
@MarcEl-od4ld Рік тому
by far the best introduction I came across! thanks!
@churchofmarcus
@churchofmarcus 3 роки тому
Currently doing my capstone on deep learning and this is among the best, and easiest to understand descriptions I have seen.
@vimalalwaysrocks
@vimalalwaysrocks 2 роки тому
ML grad student here and hands down Grant covered an entire chapter concisely and very clearly in this video. I don’t think reading any academic books will give you this amount of intuition on this subject within a few minutes. Still mesmerized by the effort!
@marklord7614
@marklord7614 Місяць тому
I just had to stop this video to comment. This video is next level. The best explanation of neural networks I've encountered.
@Soulsphere001
@Soulsphere001 5 років тому
This is probably the best video that I've seen on the topic of basic artificial neural networks (ANNs). Most of the videos that I've seen on the topic are either overly complex or leave out important information about ANNs, so you're forced to watch many videos on the subject to understand the basics. But this video gives you all the basics without making you feel like there's a lot of information left out. Granted that there's a lot left to learn, but I'm sure chapter two will get into some of that.
@agustindangelo1412
@agustindangelo1412 5 років тому
Wow a lot of things that i've learned on this first year of system engineering are captured on this video, but previously I didn't understand the real essence of it. Thank you for these amazing vids! Greetings from Argentina :)
@Octi00
@Octi00 5 років тому
Boludo
@mdthelegend9882
@mdthelegend9882 Рік тому
Wow. This is one of best videos on deep learning I've ever seen.
@leviathan5792
@leviathan5792 18 днів тому
Sigmoid squishification function might just be the best thing I've ever heard in maths
SUPER PRAYER (all 4 shorts) Steve, Herobrine & Alex
00:27
Sam Green
Переглядів 12 млн
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Sam Green
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