Four trips cancelled this year, no end in sight.. Time to live vicariously through books once again! Some really great stuff lined up for the coming months. Luckily I still have a bunch of footage from my trips last year that I'll be able to turn into videos. Stay safe everyone! Don't forget to to like and subscribe if you enjoyed the vid, and let me know what you'd like to see covered in the future! & remember, wash your hands

"they found that the takes of Sardinia's riches were grossly exaggerated" LOL this had me in stitches: I'm Sardinian and yes, Sardinia was is and always will be poor as a mouse!

Channels like this makes the self isolation not so bad.

When Rome itself was a days journey from the front line... Makes one realize how desperate the Pope must have been. No wonder he agreed to ally the Western Church with the Eastern Orthodox and strike back.

I could listen to this guy read the Encyclopedia and still enjoy his voice. The History lessons just make it more meaningful.

You had me at "crusade before crusade" and "pirate lord" : )

I had no I idea about this at all. You certainly pull the rabbit out of the hat this to me. But that's the best thing about u and what makes your channel so very very good. Ten out of ten

Great video! I forget how soon the crusades were to 1066. In my head those two events are far removed, not sure why but it's probably a result of my English education. 1066 = start of middle ages and the crusades didn't matter until Richard the Lionhart lol.

Thank you Sir. Stay cool and safe.

The hipster crusade. :) It was a very pleasant surprise. I've long found many subjects related to Al-Andalus fascinating, the sqaliba among them. And speaking about Slavs, good old Thietmar of Merseburg makes an appearance. His chronicle is an invaluable source for the Wast Slavic history of that period (as I'm sure you already know).

Great work ! Thx so much for this channel !!

Thanx Pete!! Hope you and yours are well! We’re hunkered down in a somewhat rural area so it’s not too bad once supplies are in. This history is so complex but fascinating, more puzzle pieces of early times, love the maps-they help a lot, ha!✌🏼

This was so well researched and presented. A milestone for this platform. Other history-related channels should take notice.

Damn, what a great storytelling voice you have. And of course this is well researched and accompanied by great visuals.

Really loved the content of this video! It's probably the first i've seen about Sardinian Judicates and Arab invasion of Sardinia. It's a part of history that has often been ignored. Thank you for bringing this topic on your channel!

One of the most interesting videos I've watched recently!

I can't express how impressed I am with this video. I've been fascinated by Sardinia and its history for decades, but never knew the details of the muslim invasions until now. Great job!

never heard about this story , thx you for sharing it with us

thx for the great video had never heard of this part of Sardinian history before

Thanks for keeping me company while isolated during this pandemic. I refuse to get out of bed! It’s all too depressing. I just get lost in your videos all day long!

Another great video. I'm passionate about the Crusades but I had never heard about this "prequel".

Thanks for posting this.

Superb. I’m in Sardinia now and it was great to hear this part of its story. Thanks

One of the best history channels out there

Nice video like always, and this time on a truly less known topic, even here in italy

Very interesting if not well known events. Thanks for the video.

I love it when you talk about the Crusades and and middle ages! Thanks for this. :o)

One remarkable story‼️ Hopefully we can repeat it again because history tends to be redundant my brother from Britain! Greetings from Greece 🇬🇷❗️

Sublime quality as always.

Fascinating as always. A couple of crusades per generation at that time apparently.

Pete Kelly you are the best freelance historian on UKposts bar none

Great topic!

Soooo good video. Thank you!!!

The Byzantines tried to retake Sicily from the Saracens in the 1030s but only managed to capture the eastern coastline for a few years before having to withdraw.

Thanks for this, Pete. Oddly enough, or perhaps not, we're reading a lot of the same things. I'm reading Goldsworthy (How Rome Fell, The Punic Wars, just finished Caesar, Life of a Colossus) and about to start on Marc Morris and some Barry Cunliffe. Also, I really enjoyed Stonehenge. Was a very nice diversion for Cornwell, in my opinion. Stay safe and healthy, brother. Your work has really helped me share my love and appreciation of antiquity and history with friends and family. And now that I'm stuck at home (at least my job managed to set us up to keep working from home, with unlimited OT available for the foreseeable future) I need the books and vids more than ever. Anyway, cheers, and thanks a bunch.

Hardly the Early Middle Ages. AD 1015 is closer to smack dab in the middle thereof, but in the second half, depending upon when you think they ended. I'm going with AD 476 to 1492, which would make the middle 984.

2:08 that Gregorian music is also a theme in Medieval II: Total War!😀

Complimenti per il video, un saluto da Pisa Italy 👋👋

Historically Sardinia was one of the richest most advanced places on Earth in the Nuraghic age.

I love videos with happy outcomes.

The crusading hipsters, crusading before it was cool to do so

The first crusades were the reconquest of Spain and Italy, which was necessary to retake before taking the middle east

Great video!

From the Nuraghi, to the Punic and Roman periods, the time when the island was a battleground between Genoa, Pisa, and Aragon, to its instrumental role in Italian unification, the history of Sardinia has always been fascinating! I was planning on going this summer after graduation, oh well, at least I have videos like this.

Thank you.

Hi history time I am big fan of your channel your doing great and thank you for investing so much of your time in those anicent videos, is it possible to make video on the (median empire)which was established around 6th century BC before Achaemenid Empire cyrus the great? Please that would be very interesting thanks.

What sources did you use? Im so interested in this era

One sort of visual error; they show a skyline of Pisa while discussing the time of the first attacks, but we see the Leaning Tower-that wasn't built until 1173.

Excellent video. Where is the stadium at 3:21?

It's history time!

1014, king Brian Boru broke the power of the Danes in Ireland at the battle of Clontarf.

Please more of crusades before the crusades.

Thank you

What trigger the crusades, maybe including this would bring balance to your program.

Not in order to lay claim to the Holy Lands, but to reclaim the Holy Lands! Big difference!

You should made video about fall of Emirate of Bari by Franks and Croatian fleet

Balearic cavalry?? Those islands are known for their slingers, not cavalry.

In Luni you can still watch the the Saracenian outposts ruins.

First collision was much earlier, the battle of Garigliano in 915. Franks, Longobards, Italians and Eastern Romans vs arab muslims, who already settled and raided central Italy since 880s. As usual, they infiltrated first by being traders then establishing strongholds over a period of 6o years, in order to launch attacks and taking over lands to convert. Never forget.

Its so great you think audible is affordable. Welcome to history. Covid times. Thats half my groceries

Bilbao, in your maps didnt exist in year 1000 but Irunea (Pamplona) was the capital of the Vascones of the kingdom of Navarre and it doesn´t appear in them, a video on pre roman Iberia and the "Reconquista" would be great

Fighting to keep them out to this very day.

Looks at the nine crusades- oh boy that's a lot of crusades History- But wait, there's more!

3:24 Hugh of Pisa..Is he by any chance related to Giovanni of Bath?

Here's the timeline in a nutshell; jihad, jihad, crusade, jihad, crusade, jihad, crusade, jihad, crusade, jihad and jihad. Roughly.

Surely the campaigns of Charlemagne against the saxons and other pagans also had papal sanction? Just remembered reading about Constantine and that before he ascended to the purple there had been Christian soldiers in the Roman army, then when he claimed to see a sign in the sky in a sense he began a tradition. Thanks for the welcome distraction therapy.

Anyone notice the map at 3:20 is in Finnish :D Torilla tavataan!

I immediately thought about the pirate republic of Almeria, and their conquest of Fraxinetum in the kingdom of Burgundy. Very interesting and yet mostly unknown period of Mediterranean piracy and conquest! I believe the island of Corsica was also a theathre of war between Papacy and muslims at some point. If I remember correctly the prominent Roman house of Colonna built their fortunes on that war and papal support.

whats the song at the beginning

I believe the authors referring the Sardinia expedition as the prelude to crusade is an allegorical expression. The only parallel between the two is that Christian world was fighting against criminal states. As to the cause of the Crusades, nobody mentions the Peoples Crusades, when 100,000 unarmed people went to claim their right to pilgrimage and trade. 100,000 man, women, children were ruthlessly massacred. Some source say there was a battle, if so, why Seljuk's army did not have any casualties? Plenty of evidences indicate that when Seljuks took over the Caliphate, merchants were robbed, kidnapped, and killed. Christians could not make to Jerusalem, as the chances they will come back unharmed was next to zero. Christians were sold to slavery. This was the original cause that Peter the Hermit brought to the Pop, who brought all Christian states together to solve the problem that all of them were facing. No need to present Crusades as a strangle agains muslims. Charlemagne' Frankia was in good terms with the Caliphate. Charlemagne calling Harun al-Rashid his brother. Crusades were agains kidnapping christians, selling them to slavery or requesting a ransom. It was against prohibiting Christins to visit the Holy Jerusalem. It was agains cutting trade routes with India. It was agains introducing piracy. All these were introduced with Seljuks having upper hand in the region. What went wrong during the following Crusades is another matter, culmination of which was Crusaders conquering the Eastern Roman Empire.

Here we go. Proud Sassarian and Genoan, here. Now we're getting somewhere.

Muslims: "I raise you one bag of walnuts." Christians: "ok, I raise you one bag of millet." Chinese: just throws a bag of sand on the table, says nothing. Muslims and Christians: .....

Does anyone know what the first musical piece is called?

So, it appears then that according the criteria used here the allied invasion of Europe in WW2 was a crusade

So this is what happend to the califal fleet of Al-Andalus. I had been wondering why it just disapears from the historical recored in the 1st Taifa period. (to the point I even thought it my have never actualy realy existed...)

Starts at 6:10

Make The Crusades Great Again

The 'X' in that map's names is actually pronounced SH. As there is no letter for that sound in general Latin like Arabic etc. That Arabic letter called "sheen", was also used to denote the 'unknown' in mathematical algebraic equations. For word 'Shai', meaning 'thing'. And this is why The unknown in mathematical equations today is denoted by 'X'. Because that is how the Latinos translated it.

Im stil, trying to figure out how Sardinia and Sicily had catacombs with mummies. Whats up with Egypt?

Hope to see more from the islamic era, this was brilliant!

So after the muslim armies were driven out of Sardinia, the proto-crusaders started immediately fighting amongst themselves, effectively becoming the new invasion force on the island. Truly, a harbinger of things to come.

"Cag - liari"? He's murdered the name of the capital city of Sardinia ...

It's not pronounced Cag-Li-A-ry It's pronounced Callary or perhaps Ca(g)ll(j)ary, sounds almost like Calorie.

Where did “ Pidal(100 yrs old)” get his information from? Can i get the information you have? Like , why was this ignored in the Victorian and modern era without the academia of the modern age knowing this? How is this not in contemporary history of the time till now? Yes , there must have been skirmishes that compelled the Pope of the First Crusades to make a speech( so I was taught to behold) but this is past due.. 🧐🕵🏼‍♂️🕵🏼‍♂️🤨

'For many Arabic scholars the beginning of the Crusading period had been in the 1060's and 1070's', then they would be missing the whole idea of a Crusade. It wasn't about taking any old area from Muslims, (That's why the are call Reconquista and not Crusades in Spain) but the recovery of Jerusalem, the holy land. That why Crusades could and did fail. Otherwise just taking that village over there would be a success. It also involved the idea of pilgrimage, who would do a pilgrimage to Sardinia? Papal sanction doesn't equal a Crusade, otherwise the invasion of England by William the Bastard would have been a 'Crusade'. And just because an 19th historian calls an attack on a Muslim town a crusade, doesn't make it one either (retrofitting to the max!).

can you do a video abouy ibn mu'izz

Last time I was this early Belarus was sneaking into naples

Where my sword does lead, my eyes shall follow.

sabers sparth style sword were more common even in the Muslim forces used them more .

So the hero of Sardinia conquest settled in Denia on EASTERN coast of Iberian Peninsula.

The last muslim pirate raid to Europe took place in 1815 in Sardinia.

**Puts Saxon album on**

Is this true history or textbook history? Sincere question

What about the Reconquista un Spain?????

Why do they have Star of Davids on there shields? Hmmm

03:21 is Verona, not Rome

I may be wrong, but I don't think the crescent moon was the symbol of Islam already in early 11th century.

Before Europeans had the advantage of true science, battles had to be won through bravery and willpower.

my grandfather was from Reggio DeCalabria --- now I know why I have 1% North African DNA.

It's pronounced Cajiari not Cag-liari.