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Let's make a *big* one together.

Just a tip for your demonstrations, try adding fine mica powder to the water instead of ink. The mica shows flow and looks really cool, but most importantly it shows basically every detail of turbulence, flow and direction very clearly. (Think of those cool paint mixing videos with the insane swirls and colors.) and they come in basically any color and you only need to add it once and it will just continue to work without constantly adding dye or particulates. We used this technique in school when we learned about fluid dynamics and I use them all the time for resin work, so they’re readily available now because of the popularity of epoxy crafting.

from the data presented here, you can easily calculate the efficiency to be 0.12%. A ship propeller has a hydrodynamic efficiency of about 60%. That is a factor of 500. There is much more Energy in the electrolysis, and electrolysis is needed for the current.

Invented 1966 and tested with an submarine EMS-1 at the coast of California... Also Mitshubishi worked on it in the 1980-90s. They need about 4 Tesla to make it work. Probably does not work with sweet water rivers.

I’d like to see a boat, but even more a comparison of efficiency between propellers and your drive.

That's awesome! Also I think you just gave me an idea

The lack of rotating components is actually a great feature of the turbine considering how damage prone a high speed propeller is to light impacts. This would also minimise marine wildlife incidents where props end up cutting and harming marine life. It also means that there would be significantly less maintenance and manufacturing requirement, and being sealed off as one part is a very good trait for something designed to be leakproof

The future of professional research: Videos actually showing the experiments and the outcome. I like how you structured this video and that you put all the charts and data to it.

These would seem more interesting on a submarine rather than a boat especially since you could have them articulate in any direction for better 3d movement compared to a propellor

Oh man, a boat with these things would be awesome! Not sure if you meant toy/model boat or something bigger, but it'd be neat to see how many it takes to move a canoe or something small-but-mannable

Just came upon your channel and that was excellent. You put a lot of time, effort and funds into that thruster, and it exceeded expectations. I had to subscribe.

man, remember me when you're a billionaire, ok?

The one thing that i am not really sure about this idea is that you could actually see the dye shift colours (a possible indication of pH change as Sodium Hydroxide is being produced trough the electrolysis of salt water). Also, the chlorine produced gets bond to the sodium Hydroxide to make sodium chlorate. Not sure if alot of ships using this technology would produce significant amounts of either sodium Hydroxide or Sodium Chlorate thst could affect marine life. I mean sodium Hydroxide is corrosive to metal and skin

Taking the time to explain your premise, testing, revisions, and processes brings us on the journey with you.

*_When you run a current through salt water, you get hydrogen and chlorine forming by electrolysis. Chlorine is highly corrosive (even compared to salt water), poisonous, and explosive in combination with hydrogen. Since the gases form as bubbles, surely this process is also noisy._* not silent at all. This would pollute the environment exponentially and is better off remaining shelved.

Have you considered electromagnets for this purpose? It would make it harder to repair since you now have a bunch of wires sticking through the outer casing but may provide a benefit in strength of the magnetic field and resultant thrust. Individual control of these could also possibly provide thrust vectoring without movement of the nozzles?

Instead of measuring exhaust speed I would be interested in seeing it floated in the tank and static thrust measured with a scale, also static thrust per watt. I think this thing probably pulls an awful lot of power compared to a traditional prop judging by the fact that the cables caught fire.

It'd be fascinating to see how scale changes output by like half size. this is wicked mate can't wait to see more

Very cool, man! I can’t wait to see what else you have planned for this technology! Your high level of intelligence, amazes me! Great work, and thank you for your time, effort, and expense you put into your videos!

I'd be interested to see the thrust-to-weight ratio of the old and new designs. While it might cut down on noise, i cant imagine an engine that weighs more than its traditional counterpart without proportional thrust output will see widespread adoption . That said, i wonder if a multi-stage design would render any improvements like your plasma wing design. Whatever the case, i look forward to seeing what you come up with next!

Would love to see a scale replica of a cargo carrier vessel with a set of these and perhaps either azipod based or the through hull mounted thrusters some carriers use. Perhaps if there was a way to create a suitable powerbank in a water sealed environment? Would be super cool!

You are amazing!! I am very impressed. In my next life I hope to some of the things that you do. Look forward to see if a boat will move with your design.

Great job going solid state in any field is the greatest technical leap.

I definitely want to see you build a boat powered by your solid state thrusters.

Strangely I’ve recently been attracted to “playing with Magnets”… and the ideas start flowing on the possibilities of moving vehicles via Magnetism… and that’s what LED me here…. But wow you took it to a whole new level! Awesome Video! You’re way Advanced! 🧲 🙏

Great video! A few suggestions. As there is no more moving parts in an MHD drive, you don't necessarily have to put the engine inside like a conventional motor. Instead, you can put the engine outside ;) i.e. deploy the MHD interaction everywhere around the external fuselage, making it an "external flow MHD accelerator" with the benefit of acting on the wavefront and the drag along the whole wetted area. Another trick: when you glue the same poles of two 1T magnets together, face-to-face, you nearly double the magnetic flux density and get almost a 2T magnetic field strength right on their junction plane. In addition, in order to avoid electrode corrosion due to electrolysis, it is best to use graphite electrodes, even if steel is better than cooper indeed. Speaking of electrolysis, you are limited by the conductivity of salt water: you could use an acidic bath instead and boost the induced flow velocity even further (except if your aim is to eventually test a boat or submersible down the road). What limits the efficiency of such a small drive is the relative weakness of the magnetic field, and the limited amount of current density that the fluid can bear before electrolysis becomes dominant up to the deleterious situation of thermal blockage, a phenomenon that could be compared to a conventional motor burning due to heat accumulated by the Joule effect (same mechanism). Therefore, you should use a power supply that controls direct current not voltage, to better tune the whole thing, and even calculate precisely the current density J your fluid can accept depending on its electrical conductivity and the surface of your electrodes. Indeed the Lorentz force acting on a fluid is a body force, a force per unit volume, in newtons per cubic meter (in SI units). That's also why the electromagnetic force J×B can be very powerful as it can act on a large volume of fluid. But this is another longer story and I was speaking of the efficiency. Compared to a traditional propeller, the magnetic field B of an MHD drive is akin to the pitch angle of the blades, while the current density J is the rotation speed. With such a low power magnetic field and electric current set too high wrt the fluid (its electrical conductivity), it's like someone who would use a propeller with blades having an infinitesimal pitch angle. He would have to rotate the propeller at an insane amount of RPMs to barely move. The main thing we're doing in this case is not propulsion, but heating the ambient fluid! That's why MHD drives appear so "inefficient". But they are not: they simply don't have the appropriate input values, as our technology is not yet advanced enough (hint: room-temperature superconducting multitesla electromagnets and powerful yet light and compact electrical power generators onboard).

I am literally so jealous of that pen omg wth I absolutely love it.

One thing that would be nice to see is how a "competing" product would score. Like a model boat motor. Help to put things in scale for the viewer

I like how you said you sent the “final design” over to your printer, like you’re not laying in your bed staring at the ceiling imagining further upgrades and improvements right now. LoL. This channel is awesome. Keep innovating and inspiring.

If you would want to improve it once again, you could take advantage of Halbach Array. It will amplify "useful" magnetic field, and at the same time eliminate magnetic filed leaking outside. I don't know, if this will heavily affect the radial design, but it might be worth trying.

@PlasmaChannel you should try some more extreme hydrodynamic optimization. You could slightly "spiralize" the thrust water channels to provide a directed flow that reduces turbulence losses at the exit, try making that central nose cone longer, and copy what modern high bypass turbofan engines do by using that central area of thrust water to pull in surrounding water through a cone. I would love to see what those modifications can do to improve the impulse. Exhaust velocity isn't everything afterall

If the magnets are mounted at slight angle (squirrel cage arrangement) you can twist the vorticies and that should laminarize the output (maybe even get a performance boost for it).

You should try Prusa's new organic supports. This design doesn't look like the standard grid supports were necessary.

Have you considered a graphite coating? If the carbon is painted well enough it should solve the need to replace pipes. Consider insulating the exterior of the outer tube and the interior of the inner tube, might be able to reduce back flow. Edit: I memorized the formula wrong, edit for physics.

Can't wait for the finish product. I'm sure you can find a way to make it lighter and stronger.

My first thought..."one ping only" 😂 can't beat that caterpillar drive

It would be awesome if you could capture the byproduct hydrogen and oxygen gases created by the electrolysis of this thruster and create a type of afterburner that ignites them and creates more thrust from the wasted energy

Great work and great video! The strength of MHD is not simply in direct application of Laplace forces to fluids but is its ability to manipulate the fluid around the moving object to remove turbulences and hence have only laminar flows. It would be great to see some prototypes that make use of this ability.

This is absolutely incredible

Weld a lot of the outer tubes side by side, and 3D print the magnet housing to be buoyant, and hey-presto you've got the back part of a boat which uses it's propulsion system as a stressed member.

While powering a boat would be fun to see. I think it'd be worthwhile to go through a few more rounds of optimization first. Still seems underwhelming, even at the higher voltages, where your later optimizations seemed to have a reduced effect.

Change the cathode to graphene for more conduction and thus increase the flow. You can also change the inner wall of the collector to aluminum. I am impressed because I have made almost the same design for the new thruster but for a drone, so our goals are different but our approaches are the same. All the best for further development and see you soon in real life for such projects. Hope you read my comment ❤

Bro your videos make me realize soo much ...thx dude literally binge watching all the videos

This channel and Smarter Every Day, such a wealth of knowledge and practical science

Have you considered inserting neutral Stainless Steel plates in the gaps between each fin in the thruster? Though the neutral plates would not be directly connected, current would flow across the neutral plates, by way of the connection through the water. The neutral plates should produce additional thrust and would lower the amperage, because they will reduce the distance the electricity has to travel between plates. Hopefully this helps. Great Video and thank you for sharing.

This also ends up being a really cool way to get chlorine gas. 😆 Jokes aside, this is a very impressive motor. I wish you the best with your future attempts to optimize it.

you may want to try to put an angle on those blades to make a simulated spiral like the propeller creates. then make a shallow but elongated cone on the exhaust end to make a jet thrust. it may create enough pressure to get your cm/sec up with no increase in volts added

Just finished calc phys 2 last semester and we covered the lorentz force. Really cool to see the concepts from that course in action! Especially i think its been the hardest one so far

awesome idea! have you considered using electroplating to the plastic directly for your electrodes and does putting a smaller exit nozzle on inprove or make it worse? love this channel as always! :)

Yes lets see a part 2 of this! You could also create a outer intake ring that would further help the flow. Check out the designs they use on Jet engine intakes on test stands. Another option is to crank up the volts to see how high you can go before arcing- would be fun. Lastly create a way to ignite the Hydrogen Oxygen mix as a afterburner lol lol .

Thanks for the video. This took me back a few decades, only better and faster builds, we didn't have 3D printing or even good 3D CNC a few decades ago. Taking this concept and only adding two different easy to make items, a copper foil cathode and an aluminum foil anode, forget the electrolyte and just ad 500-600 FDC and measure your thrust against open room air. The only thing I would do differently is to add intake bent slots that are all directed 10-22 degrees at the leading intake edge and this will cause the output to spin into a concentrated core point outward. Using thin foils around 30 GA will reduce the weight and gain better magnetic dynamics than steel.

Congratulations!! Seria una innovación extraordinaria. Magnifica y pedagogica explicación. Muy buenas imagenes y animaciones tridimensionales.

Have you considered adding an angled trailing edge to the rear of the channels to induce a vortex or spiral? Look at the works of Viktor Schauberger... He did some amazing studies of the natural movement of water. Also, it would be interesting to see the difference of increasing Amps rather than Voltage

Great project! Would be cool if you could show us some numbers in comparison with classic engines, for example the power consumption to thrust raio. Just the output velocity alone does not say a lot. And also you might consider testing the engine on different water velocities. Many motors produce a lot of thrust at a specific relative speed but may completly fail when testing in a real environment on a boat for example. A graph comparing the thrust between relative speeds would be awesome!

Yeah man definitely build the boat, this is sick.

The power of Red October. Thank you, great video

Fantastic! I would like to see a boat built with some of these turbines! Great food for thought!

Sooo glad I subscribed, this channel is pure charged fire, keep it up!

Perfect project!

Wow dude sooo impressed with your work!

great innovation

Great work, I also have some design improvements. The change to radial was a great decision, but you should also change the flow channels to radial. Think about a shell and tube heat exchanger for reference. It may reduce some magnetic efficiency but I think the flow efficiency could be more important. The bubbles being produced clearly indicate turbulent flow (or electrolysis, probably not that though.) Also look at the Dyson vacuum and how it has several smaller channels for flow better

Thanks for the awesome video. There are a couple of things that can make some realistic improvements. For example shifting from permanent magnets to electromagnets. Mostly because these can generate an immense amount of pull for little current. This also allows to reduce the electric current going through the electrodes. Actually we even tested with Platinum coatings and these were destroyed by the corrosion. My main concern is for now the efficiency of the device as it is pulling close to 1kW of power to generate the thrust. Anyways!! Looking forward to the next designs.

Just keep making these projects and these videos ❤! One day these things definitely gonna stand up

I'd love to see a boat built with these bad boys! Maybe another collab with the rc dude, and see if you can make a solar powered boat with them like the one he's got.

Have you considered using aluminum or Graphite for the electrodes? Aluminum should transfer the same amount of power, but at a lower weight, increasing efficiency since it has to push less mass through the water and may also be a less expensive material. Likewise, graphite is probably a little more expensive, it should have electrical conductivity properties, weight even less than Aluminum and be more resistant to corrosion both from electrolysis, but also from the marine environment as well. Brass/bronze is used a lot in marine environments for its durability and resistance to corrosion, but I think it would be even heavier and more expensive to use, although I have no proof, just conjecture.

This guy is just too amazing

This is amazing

I love this, you should definitely make a boat or submarine using some of these!

Very cool designs. It's pretty neat that solid state propulsion is no longer just a thing of science fiction. Although for future iterations I wonder how you could increase thrust without needing to increase power drastically. I recently saw a video where there were a number of people attempting to apply biomimicry to propeller designs by emulating the shape of tubercles on whale flippers to increase efficiency. I wonder if applying a similar thought process to the intake/output sections of your MHD would change the thrust velocity in any meaningful way?

I love the concept, I have always been fascinated by the interactions between magnetic and electric fields, I’m curious about a few things, 1) what’s the environment impact of electrolysis of salt water? 2) how efficient is it compared to a conventional solution? 3) what’s sort of static pressure can it produce?

this guys is the best UKpostsr in UKposts. Keep up your good work!

I’m sure the U.S. navy will be very interested in using MHD drives for their submarines. You should apply for a DARPA contract to mount MHD drives on small submersibles like the SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV) or underwater drones and then work up to larger vessels.

Just a thought but water doesn't like to move in a linear trajectory, maybe try spirals for the printed part. Awesome progress!

Just an amazing project again 😱

Not a bad start. Well done.

Nice I only see one issue if your going to make this into a boat. The electrolyses reaction with the stainless steel does strip of really bad poisons, like chromium . Graphite is a safer option.

Very good work man! Would it improve efficiency if you isolate the outer electrode outside? So you have no energy drain into gas production on the outer housing.

thank you

Man, this old tech. Tom Clancy made reference to Magneto hydrodynamic drives in "The Hunt for Red October". Otherwise known as the "Caterpillar Drive".

It would be great to see some force numbers for these thrusters, in addition to the speeds. I think that would give a much better idea of how these actually compare to traditional thrusters.

Definitely should make a small scale ship to see the propulsion capabilities of your design. And if your results are linear you may be able to calculate in Knots what the purposed output of your turbine would be at full scale. Also was the salt mixture you used based on the salinity of ocean water?

That was cool, thanks.

I would love to see that boat. It would be supper cool!

I know you’re making a thruster for propulsion, but could you offset the angle of the magnets or add angled fins to form a vortex? I’m kinda curious what the limit would be for the speed of the vortex created in an enclosed space.

This is so cool! I didn't know this was actually possible. But how do you make a video about a Magneto Hydrodynamic Drive without making a reference to The Hunt for Red October? Definitely worth checking out :)

This is a really cool idea.

Dude, you rock.

The ions produced by the thruster are harmful for fishes as well.

Using the MHD as a more silent thruster is a fascinating concept and well worth pursuing, but I'd also be interested if you can reverse the process, i.e. Can one Generate Electricity by forcing saltwater through the turbine? Is that something you could test in a future video? Edit: this could be an interesting concept for tidal energy, especially for having no moving parts.

This man is a genius. Amazing stuff

That's awesome, I've made sooooo many different ones in as many different sizes and ratios to each. It's been a couple years since my lt one, but I still make electromagnets all the time and try to keep my printers going non-stop/maintain 100s of prints lined up for things I want to make and improve on. All three have always fascinated me, you never know who will stumble across something that may be used as the foundation for something used for years to come/what will come from the next person's idea after that! We know magnets lose their charge and that we can rebuild that charge. We can magnetize other objects altogether... Liquids that can carry charges may some day bridge the gap, eliminating the discharge rate and corrosion which would change how we can use them altogether. If we can keep it from heating, maintain a perfectly steady charge, force and eliminate the wires running to it that will burn up before anything else... I really want to see the day we have permanently, sustainable suspension! Several different thought process going on there... Helps me to think, even if nobody ever reads this, it helped me think of something i hadn't before, just after I finished typing that!

I'm curious could you combine an Ionic thruster with the principles of a MHD to increase the power of and Ionic thruster?

Great stuff. You've measured stream velocity and flow rate, but have you measured actual thrust? As in, force the thruster would apply to an attached vessel?

Coat outer case with dielectric and inner section . Set second negative in output stream same size as inner cathode made of copper or carbon

Yes definitely would like to see you make a boat move with this type of propulsion. I’ve been fascinated by magnetism for years and the hidden energy it can display. I know it’s a field the make the oil companies cringe but my thoughts they should get on board with it

Hello! Nice video, but I have a question: do you really need to expose the electrodes to the salt water? what if you isolate them and just create the electric field without the electrolisis?

I would be really interested to hear about the efficiency of the device? Also, I wonder if introducing some sort of Coanda arrangement might improve the output.

sneaky boat, please build That is super super cool !