Watch more Isaac Asimov Memorial Debates from years past in our playlist: ukposts.info/slow/PLrfcruGtplwGKzxDI_Ne06NlpOKt-yonZ

I wanted to thank Neil for inviting me and all the panelists and for his team for organizing this flawless event! I had a blast chatting with Neil and the other panelists on and off the stage about our latest work on the first generations of galaxies and their supermassive black holes.

Neil’s super power is the ability to hold the entire scope of the esoteric conversation conducted by five other experts in his mind so that ideas are flowing in a clear direction. All this while ensuring that non experts in the audience can follow, and digest, the conversation. What a hero Neil DeGrasse Tyson is!

I went through a large number of comments and like others would like to thank NDT and certainly the panelists. But, I have to imagine he has scientific staff, event staff and museum staff that work on these events. My thanks to those who helped put together this wonderful panel and event.

I've seen all the others since 2010 that are on UKposts. Thankyou for continuing this necessary tradition!

Thanks for helping an old college dropout understand the story behind the clickbait. And thanks for the easy conversion between redshift and matter density of the universe. That will surely get me out of trouble some day.

Just remember.... It's all fun and games until somebody, somewhere, divides by zero.

I have learned enormous amounts about our universe thanks to Dr. Tyson and this series. We need far more of this kind of programming on ordinary TV, because UKposts science shows, due to their depth and precision, attract mainly geeks and nerds. Like me. Actually, I'm pretty cool. It's just my wife, my friends, and all those around me who think I'm a nerd.

Amazing!! This needs to be at least 4 hours long though! Let the pros really talk and get into some niche questions.

To my surprise, i found this whole conversation extremely captivating, thanks to all who participated and all those who made it happen.

Neil does an exceptional job of organizing this group as well as asking leading and probing questions to unpack what all these specialists in the cosmos know! Well done!

How awesome is that. I was just wondering when the next Isaac Asimov debate would be coming. And here it is today. My favourite science debate/lecture thing.

Just an incredibly, stunning panel conducted by Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson. Thank you panelists. Thank you American Museum of Natural History. Wow.

If only politicians had even a fraction of the intelligence that these individuals possess.

It has taken me a couple of days to find the time to watch this in one go and WOW was it worth it! The future of science and cosmology is so bright. Thank you for bringing this to the world. Asimov would surely approve!

they've cut out the Q&A portion at the end for the last several years of this debate.

This was one of the most relaxed, informative, and fun to watch panel discussion I have seen in a long time. Neil asked all the right questions and the panel provided lucid, to the point, knowledge driven answers. The subject matter was the biggest question science is working diligently on answering. What, why, when, and how.

Wow! Finally some well thought out and delivered estimations on JWST data. Thanks NdeGT for bringing such disciplined calm thinking to us. Great team. Great work.

Hello Neil and team. Further to my previous comment, I would very much like to offer the following to the whole team. According to my hypothesis, which can unify the various fields of physics, explain Dark Matter: Dark Energy: Anitmatter, and two forces of gravity. Also, an alternatie explanation for the CMBR: Redshift: The atom: and a nonexpanding universe without any Big Bang or Cosmic Inflation, the following may be of interest. The biggest question that needs to be asked in Cosmology is, Why is it that we can only see back to the CMBR at the same distance in every direction? This presents two problems. Firstly, in a universe that is said to have a begining in a Big Bang and Cosmic inflation within a billionth of a billionth of a second, dissipating the heat, radiation, and Matter throughout the universe, this would imply that there is a limit to how far this matter has spread. If our Earth is situated anywhere other than the middle of this mass, we should see the CMBR at different distances in every direction. And Yes I have studied the ; Relativistic cosmological model, and what I say still stands. And secondly, since the JWST is proving that there are fully mature galaxies so far back in time that they would have to have existed before the so-called Big Bang, It rules out that the CMBR is not what it is believed to be. Since the only thing that supports the Big Bang is the CMBR, the only evidence for an expanding universe is Redshift and the only way that the Big Bang can be rationalized in a thermally equal universe is by the idea of Cosmic Inflation, which is a physical impossibility, Physicists are going round in circles trying to support the status quo. I would propose that the standard model is flawed at the level of the atom. There was no Big Bang and Cosmic iInflation. The universe is not expanding, has always existed much as it is today and extends to infinity, therefore it has no begining and probably will never end. There are two forces of Gravity, which I have a simple experiment that can prove this, and also proves the existence of Dark Energy / Dark matter. Dark Matter is an incredibly small Negatively charged Monopole particle in a cloud that fills every available empty space throughout the universe. Dark Energy, is the negative force of repulsion produced by the Dark Matter Particles trying to repel each other in every direction. It is also one of the two forces of gravity. The CMBR is not due to the Big Bang, but is a point where electromagnetic radiation reaches saturation. Redshift is not due to the expansion of the universe, but is due to electromagnetic radiation losing speed and energy over billions of years, If you consider over a period of around 14 Billion years, it would only have to lose 1 mile per second every 140,000 years to account for the redshift we see. This and much more is explained in my Hypothesis, ( The Two Monopole Particle Universe ), details of which can be found by typing Tony Norman Marsh into Google If you or any of your pannel are interested and can provide me with an email address, I am happy to send you a copy. Kind regards, Tony Marsh

Neil De Grasse Tyson, you are brilliant at being an interpreter between these brilliant people and us lesser beings. You are the missing link! Thank you.

Priya is so well spoken and gives fantastic insight and explanations...so intelligent

One of the best panels Ive ever seen, next to Institute of Arts. I found this extremely motivating as a student studying computer science with the goal of programming simulations just like the ones talked about!

Debates are GREAT!

This (The Isaac Asimov debate) is practically a holiday for us nerds.

This discussion format would be PERFECT to wring out the "Climate Debate" and U.S. Foreign Policy. Keep up the good work.

This is so well done, for the broad masses to take interest in these great achievements of science, like the JWST. Of course Tyson is always entertaining, good panelists. This is great.

It is all so wonderful to hear the passion for explanations to something that cannot be expained😊

Now imagine being a 26 or 27 year old PhD student student in cosmology and are doing your defense. Neil is like one of you professors sitting on your defense committee who is asking you all these same questions he is asking these 5 distinguished scientists........as well as defending questions specific for your own research. And this can go on for several hours. Neil is doing a great job presenting other possibilities and asking these 5 people to defend their results and asking them to delve into some of the details of the research.....just like some types of questions you get in a PhD defense. It's uncanny.

JWST was every astrophysicist's favorite Christmas present - *EVER!* The gift that keeps on giving and giving, and giving ...

This is what I needed, to understand what the JWST discoveries mean! There is so much noise about it everywhere, but this is the best by far! Thank you, Neil, and thank you, experts!

NDT and the team did a phenomenal job. The amount of fields and cutting edge research they covered is crazy. I was surprised at how good each scientist was at explaining his research. I wish it was longer and if they did a q&a. But overall thanks to whoever organized it.

Great conversation that can be followed by anyone with a basic understanding of astrophysics. Thanks

This is the way to educate and ignite the spark in youngsters, and adults also. This is like a very good stand-up gig, a lecture and a rock-concert at the same time. Good job, brothers and sisters. Oh and true TV too. This is the way.

Beautiful and thought provoking talk beyond anything. Culminating to the almost.last question whether we are able to imagine that. I always remember Carl Sagan of the pale dot argument. Have to do so much to waste energy in fights. Nature is so humbling. Thanks and congratulations to all.

Tyson did an outstanding job of interviewing and interpreting!!! Thank all of the panelists for sharing their expertise.

Nicely hosted by the Rev Tyson! I am much more aware of the issue now and excited to see how the future of this research unfolds

What a stimulating discourse on the past, present and near-future of striving to prick this bubble of understanding that is our universe. Dr NDT has been an ever-accessible key to the rubik's cube of science and cosmology, that has allowed all us lesser minds the privileged to easily digest and let us wonder at the infinite beauty and complexity of it all. Like others, I have learned so much and continue to, thankfully, and today's incredible panel and insightful conducting by NDT has broadened that expansion even further. Heartfelt thanks to all who organise this event annually - it's value is beyond measure to all of us less science-educated seekers.🙏

Any time Neil has a podcast, presentation, or in any conversations, I make it a point to listen to it. It is always interesting, and I am always walking away with new knowledge. Although I wasn't in the building, Neil is probably talking about me about not knowing what the topics are but was happy to be attending.

Usually not a NDT fan, but he was amazing at leading this discussion. ❤

This is some of the best science advocacy I've witnessed. It's crucial for people to grasp the challenges science faces and the significance of funding scientific research.

I simply love basking in discussions like this, where everyone is a top-level expert eager to explain what they're up to in actual research and learning from each other, and we get a break from all the bad news about what's become of the so-called "justice" system in the USA and the hideously insane wars that never seem to end all over the world. Thank you, guys, for the break from the daily news!

The cumulative IQ on that stage is super-massive! Question to anybody reading this: what was the early universe contained in? Wouldn't it have to be growing in some other space, like another universe? A bubble within a bubble and that bubble would have to be contained in another bubble? ....now my head hurts.

Excellent panel! Excellent discussion! Thank you so much!

Wow! What a wonderful interaction. Neil is an absolute genius to not just know the underlying subject very well but to weave a story around it. Awesome!

I too can't wait to see what we discover out there while i'm still here to see it. With my own telescope and camera, and what the pros do.

There are lots of youtube video titles like "JWST has refuted the big bang!!!!" If you'll notice, that's not what's going on in this conference lol those titles are clickbait, and many experts have tried to combat the clickbait.

Echoing what Neil said in closing, I'm really glad we have such incredible people doing the work in pushing our understanding of reality itself. Thank you!!!

as you isolate a infrared pulser in a nebula we can dev elop a depth perception in the infrared bandwidth i did it as a sample problem in school depth perception on linear infra ewd signal serious

I will never forget finding the Isaac Asimov book back in the 70's or early 80's, changed my life and knowledge for ever

How the JWST reveals the massive intergalactic twisted Birkeland currents (of plasma) as per the majestic Stephen's Quintet image, is indeed a marvel for the times. When studies into plasma mature, the JWST may well be seen as the founding / catalyst object for the wonders discovered by then and further on still yet to be discovered into the future.

Interesting panel. It always surprises me that such wise scientists do not take into account possible alternative events based on the reality around us. One of those events is that bodies with mass tend to rotate on themselves and around others. Why not study the possibility that the universe is rotating as I mentioned previously. This would give us an older age of the universe depending on the angular velocity of the rotation. Light is curved in space-time, the curves are longer. If one looks at other possibilities perhaps one would look for a Doppler effect at the current frequency known as “Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation”. As I have mentioned before, if the universe rotates then there could be a massive black hole in its center. Furthermore this would give us an enormous amount of “dark” mass and “dark” rotation energy.

Neil and Coffee talk time ❤ ☕ Priya and Wendy where both amazingly informative during the talk. A talk panel with just the two of them and Neil would be interesting. Priya even brought up the LISA mission which is something I stumbled across the other day half-heartedly hopscotching through the web. And to watch Lisa's orbit with Earth is pretty cool... But wait at 1:00:17 Wendy says there are 3 giant new telescopes in the making, but only named one (the Giant Magellan Telescope.) What are the other 2? Unless one of the others would be the Vera Rubin. Also I think anyone that fancies following science has read that article. So were there things older than 13.7 billion years discovered beyond the big bang? Is this the case, or not? If there are we're going to have to unhinge ourselves from the idea of being the first and only banging going on out there... its as simple as that.

Fantastic! Is there no q&a section? 🙂

Thank you, man... This debate is so fascinating... in Astrological scales, literally.

That moment when Neal enunciates "Gates law of computing" - no matter how fast a computer becomes, the current version of Windows at that time will take at least 60 seconds to post

Absolutely loved every minute of this mind blowing discussion !

Neil just can't not interrupt people when they're talking.

Love these ❤ Neil does such a great job of making extremely complicated ideas accessible to someone with literally no science background.

Is time different in the early universe? If so , how do we transpose it to our time?

And, if I am not wrong, none of his sci-fi books was evere reviewed by the NYT. He was a genius. My favorite short story by him is "The Last Question."

This was a really fun conversation to listen to!

i can watch and listen all the time, with pleasure, great minds like these

Wow, Niel is so good at raising the voice of the critiques and bridging them with the reality of how science work! Amazing debate!

I have no relevant speciality or expertise in any of the areas of science discussed in this program. However, my thanks for the excellence of the five participants and of the chairperson One area that did not come up in the discussion was what I understand to be the unresolved question of the absence of anti-matter both in the components of the various models and in the data being supplied from the JWT. Could it be that the missing element in the analysisof what occurred occurred in the very early period is whatever means that was ‘applied’ in order to remove that element from the highly complex processes that occurred in that early period. As I understand it the removal of that now missing element would result in considerable energy being released.

What an amazing time we are living, where we can access this kind of content from our homes.

If you take all the ways we’re moving rotating, through the galaxy and through space, how does that affect the way we experience time?

I Think we already have our explanation to the big bang, since there were older galaxies and stars, maybe some died and that death was the birth of our galaxy. and it goes on and on like a cycle.

Could time have behaved differently in the early development of the universe. If so, how can we calculate its age?

i have a question. if one person observed the universe edge at 13.7b years, and another person observed the opposite edge at 13.8b, and a third person discovers stars older than the universe because of expansion (which may counter the 0.1b year gap), does that put our planet around the middle of the universe? if both opposite edges are practically the same distance?

Greetings to everyone! I will love to watch every second of this :D

Thank you Neil for sharing your love and brilliance with us. You are such a treasure. We love you just the way you are. Do not change a thing thanks.

unreal conversation. just wow. ❤

You see this in everything in science: things appear to go back further and be more complex than we thought.

Neil does a wonderful job of teasing out the wheat from the chaff for the lay person. Great debate by all 🙂

Wonderful!!! Thankyou all! XXX

I’m not one to harp on the races and/or sexes, but I have to admit, it put a smile on my face seeing a black man and a woman discuss Astro physics. On another note, it was a good idea to have an actual physicist as the host. Neil did a great job!

I love we see tysons potential when surrounded by these brilliant and varied experts

I know the "Tired Light Theory" has been supposedly mathematically discredited but I am one who can't let it go. Otherwise I agree with the other commenters that praised Neil for his uncanny ability to harness a complicated subject discussed by experts of different fields and bring it all to the masses in a clear way. I also agree with the comments regarding more time needed for the panel to expand more in depth a discussion of their respective fields.

So the problem is that materia we now not build black holes that. Can it be that initially there was materia that is “good” for it? And all it collapsed so we can’t find it anymore?

When you talk about 'degenerate' parameters? does that basically mean when you get the same result from unrelated/alternate parameters? Is that considered 'bad' for the developing theory? So the implication our model is (could be) flawed but seems correct as it gives the correct answer (as in observation) But if we can get a really accurate correlated model, if it uses 'degenerate' parameters and methods but gives the correct results then surely it could at least posit the 'correct' theory? at least it seems to me that as long as you are aware your model is an 'emulation' instead of a 'simulation' then surely it becomes an invaluable tool to search for the 'simulation' level theory. [edit] Also great discussion really fascinating, thanks x

To all of you, human genius scientist and physicist ❤ thank you for all of the knowledge you are sharing with me🥰 Best Cleaning Lady Berlin, Germany

I'm no physicist so this may be a stupid question, but we know that space is expanding and accelerating; we also know that time is affected by relative velocity, so is it possible that things like the speed of light could have been different in the early universe? Especially since Priya said that the dark matter clock might have been running at a different speed. Do we have any way to simulate the cosmic speed limit before first light?

I wanted to know if saving Chandra is now necessary. Is the desire to build a new x-ray telescope or fix Chandra?

Wow, Asimov would be impressed! This conversation was amazing.

Good conversation, though it would have been better if Neil didn't interrupt so much

Is it impossible for one person to know everything at one moment in time as change is constant so everything is unknowable, knowledge reaches paradox.✌️❤️🇬🇧

These well organized event brought some value information to me, thanks AM! Very simpatic and smart persons, Mr. Neil deGrasse Tyson & friends... 👍 Sometimes I may disagree with some of the classic theories and concepts about the origins of the universe, but that does not detract from the success of this colloquium!

This outstanding debate was wonderfully and intellectually accessible and understandable to someone like me with only marginal knowledge but wanting to gain understanding. Thank you.

so for this 3rd hidden thing creating a gap in what we know, I suggest Dark Time, we may not know how time worked in the very early universe and it may have warped as we entered inflation causing these incongruities were some models say 13.7 and others say 13.8 and if Time is relative and Time is Space if Space was compacted why do we not expect Time to be compacted?

My tolerance is improving I think. I got 24 minutes in before getting significantly annoyed at the repeat unyielding of conversation by unnamed person. 😂 Doing pretty good.

Oh how much I enjoyed this! Thank you all.

Here's a tl;dr for those who lost track and want to know what was discovered: Hubble telescope era: 400 to 500 million years after the big bang galaxies were formed JWST era: 100 million years after the big bang galaxies were formed Conclusion: the 300 to 400 million years of discrepancy is outside the margins of error, therefore something at fundamental level is off, whether it's actual physics or methodology.

This was one fantastic show. Thanks for the video.

What if the big bang itself had so much left over energy that all the base elements were fusing into heavier metals without supernovae during the calming of the glow 🤔, therefore starting the first stars/blackholes/galaxies alot earlier then we previously thought. 🤔

I do love the way he makes the "experts" feel a little bit uncomfortable right off the bat.

what about Euclid telescope dark universe investigation ?

I like the subtle shade thrown around by Neil at the 19:00 minute mark…. “Couple hundred million years….” 😂

Neil. I listen with the discussions about JWST explore back in time to the moment this Universe began. Okay, great. Wonderful... But I guess I have to die before I get the knowledge I seek .. What existed before our universe. Show how, I know that the time before our time began, did and does exist... That is the knowledge that I really want. Maybe, it is in that pre-time ... that the little(big) green men exist. The time for time. Please take a stab at this general question. Thanks .. Scott Davidson

I don't understand how you can date the universe when spacetime would have been so different in the beginning of the universe. To know what the very fabric of the universe was doing, how it affects matter travelling through space, and the perception of time immediately after infinite heat and density seems unlikely.

A cyclical never beginning and never ending universe that shaped as two joined spheres may explain the confusion ✌️❤️🇬🇧