Evolution of Microprocessors

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Ohmazing Physics

Ohmazing Physics

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The video takes us on a journey through the five generations of microprocessors, exploring the incredible technology and innovation that has made it all possible. It begins with the first generation of microprocessors, which were 4-bit microprocessors, primarily used in calculators and simple devices. It then explores the second generation of microprocessors, which were 8-bit microprocessors that played a pivotal role in the development of personal computers. The third generation of microprocessors, 16-bit microprocessors used in more advanced personal computers, gaming consoles, and other devices, paved the way for a wide range of new applications and technologies. The fourth generation of microprocessors, 32-bit microprocessors, were significantly smaller and more energy-efficient than their predecessors and were used in high-end personal computers, servers, and other advanced devices. Finally, the fifth generation of microprocessors, which began in the mid-1990s and continues to this day, is characterized by 64-bit architecture and multi-core processors. Join us on this exciting journey of discovery into the fascinating world of microprocessors!

КОМЕНТАРІ: 15
@laurosoto9074
@laurosoto9074 Місяць тому
This is a great video , and thanks a lot for this timeline ! , this is coming from a teacher in Mexico who will use this video in class :)
@OhmazingPhysics
@OhmazingPhysics Місяць тому
You're very welcome! I'm thrilled to hear that you found the video helpful for your class. Happy teaching!
@alisonsmith4436
@alisonsmith4436 Місяць тому
Thank you so much ☺️
@shortwaverPL
@shortwaverPL 14 днів тому
video created not so long ago, so why not included real first general purpose cpu F14 CADC ?
@ArneChristianRosenfeldt
@ArneChristianRosenfeldt 9 місяців тому
I think it is interesting that no company was able to integrate an existing processor into less than 3 chips. All micro processors were incompatible. With calculators there was not much software to port, so it did probably it matter. I like how in 8008 or 6502 everything is connected. Single chip design really made sense. Then people realised how fast they ran and what they could do with access to more RAM. 68k from the 70s can handle 32 bit pointers in its registers and access 4 GB ( okay, pins were not all there ). RAM was just expensive until 2000. Intels 8008 was rejected because it was too slow. And in larger computers with 100 of chips it did not really make a difference if a processor was built using multiple chips on a board. This way you could have much more heat sinks and higher clock. IBM did this for a long time before they switched to emulation on PowerPC. Weird to think that TTL and ECL were way faster, but already ICs themselves. Intel and RCA went back to basics and used simple gates. Especially TTL gates need so many transistors that you can only fit 4 of them into a single chip.
@OhmazingPhysics
@OhmazingPhysics 9 місяців тому
Hi @ArneChristianRosenfeldt, I agree, it is interesting that no company was able to integrate an existing processor into less than 3 chips in the early days of microprocessors. There were a few reasons for this, including the fact that the technology wasn't there yet, there wasn't a need for it, and it wasn't cost-effective. As the technology improved and the demand for more powerful microprocessors grew, it became possible to integrate all the components of a processor onto a single chip. The first single-chip microprocessor was the Intel 4004, which was released in 1971. Since then, the size, speed, and power of microprocessors have continued to increase, and today single-chip processors are used in everything from smartphones to supercomputers. It's interesting to think about how different the computer industry might be if companies had been able to integrate microprocessors into fewer chips earlier on. It's possible that we would have seen the development of more powerful and affordable computers much sooner. However, it's also possible that the early days of microprocessors would have been more difficult and expensive. I also think it's interesting to think about the different technologies that were available at the time. TTL and ECL were both faster than the simple gates that Intel and RCA used, but they were also more expensive and more difficult to manufacture. This is why Intel and RCA chose to go with the simpler gates, even though it meant that their processors were slower. It's fascinating to look back at the early days of microprocessors and see how the technology has evolved over time. It's clear that the early pioneers of the industry made some tough choices, but they also made some great decisions that helped to shape the future of computing. Thanks for your comment!
@ArneChristianRosenfeldt
@ArneChristianRosenfeldt 9 місяців тому
@@OhmazingPhysics I mean that companies like HP, DEC, and IBM did only integrate in the late 80s . Too late to fight the new CPUs from Intel and ARM. Itanium? Gone! Alpha? Gone. Power? Consoles in 2000 was its last breath besides mainframe inertia. Oh, and also power inherited 68k legacy, as did coldFire. Datapoint did not use 8008. Why? MIPS was sold with an external cache to have its Harvard architecture. Only when 4kB could be fitted into the PSX it became somewhat useful and cheap. Maybe in 1985 it was just the design of the future. Contemporary 68k accessed the 16 bit bus every fourth cycle. MIPS accessed its two 32 bit busses every cycle ( okay, not for data, but for code ).
@pekertimulia125
@pekertimulia125 11 місяців тому
The actual bit of resolution is infinite And the other hand neverthelessly as is digital as isn't
@OhmazingPhysics
@OhmazingPhysics 11 місяців тому
Hey there! Thank you for sharing your comment. Are you asking if there is a limit to how much detail can be stored in a digital signal? If so, the answer is yes. There is a fundamental limit to how much information can be stored in a finite number of bits. This is because each bit can only be a 0 or a 1, so there are only 2^n possible values that can be stored in n bits. In digital systems, such as computers and images, resolution refers to the number of distinct elements or pixels that can be displayed or captured. However, your statement suggests that the actual bit of resolution is infinite, which might be an abstract perspective. In practical terms, digital systems have finite resolutions due to limitations in hardware and software. For example, when it comes to images or displays, resolution is typically specified by the number of pixels horizontally and vertically, such as 1920x1080 (Full HD) or 3840x2160 (4K). This finite resolution determines the level of detail that can be displayed. However, this does not mean that digital signals are inherently limited in their ability to represent reality. In fact, digital signals can be used to represent a wide range of continuous values, such as sound, images, and video. This is done by using a process called quantization, which divides the continuous range of values into a finite number of discrete steps. The number of steps determines the resolution of the digital signal, and the higher the resolution, the more closely the digital signal can approximate the continuous signal. So, while there is a fundamental limit to how much detail can be stored in a digital signal, this limit is not always relevant in practice. In many cases, the resolution of a digital signal is more than good enough to represent the information that it is intended to convey.
@lox_5017
@lox_5017 10 місяців тому
There were no personal computers the way you stated in the video in the 70s. At that point the computers for personal use was mainly experimental and kits. Early 80s is when the Apple computer came on the scene.
@OhmazingPhysics
@OhmazingPhysics 10 місяців тому
Thanks for your comment! I appreciate you taking the time to correct me about the personal computers of the 1970s. You're right, there were a number of personal computers released during that time, and they helped to pave the way for the personal computers that we use today. Some of the first personal computers were the Altair 8800, the Kenbak-1, and the IMSAI 8080. These computers were often sold as kits, which meant that the buyer had to assemble them themselves. They were also very expensive, costing several thousand dollars. In the late 1970s, personal computers began to become more affordable and user-friendly. The Apple II, the Commodore PET, and the TRS-80 were some of the most popular personal computers of the era. These computers were still not as powerful as today's computers, but they were a major step forward in the development of personal computing. So, while it is true that personal computers were still experimental in the 1970s, they were certainly not nonexistent. They laid the foundation for the personal computers that we use today. I've updated my comment to reflect your correction. Thanks again for your feedback!
@kylepatrickmurphy4058
@kylepatrickmurphy4058 3 місяці тому
Thank you!
@OhmazingPhysics
@OhmazingPhysics 2 місяці тому
You're welcome!
@pekertimulia125
@pekertimulia125 11 місяців тому
As an example such as existence of
@OhmazingPhysics
@OhmazingPhysics 11 місяців тому
Could you be more specific on the type of example you are looking for?
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