Generics: The most intimidating TypeScript feature

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Matt Pocock

Matt Pocock

День тому

Generics are a huge reason why TypeScript is SO DARN POWERFUL. Letting you create types from other types, pass types to functions, and even INFER those types without you needing to specify them.
They're pretty advanced, though - so if you want to learn more advanced TypeScript, time to strap in.
Become a TypeScript Wizard with Matt's TypeScript Course:
www.totaltypescript.com/
Follow Matt on Twitter
/ mattpocockuk
00:00 Intro
00:36 Generics on the type level
01:45 Passing type arguments to functions
03:06 Passing type arguments to Set
04:21 Inferring the types
05:55 Constraints on type arguments
08:19 Constraints in functions
10:07 Sometimes 'as' is fine
11:23 Multiple type arguments
14:05 Defaults in type arguments
15:00 Integrating with third-party libraries
17:26 Outro

КОМЕНТАРІ: 221
@DjokovicAirlines
@DjokovicAirlines Рік тому
Matt, you are the Wizard. I can't describe how helpful this video was for me. It's purely golden. Thank you for your work!
@Deliverant
@Deliverant Рік тому
Please never stop doing these videos, you're my inspiration
@shivamjhaa
@shivamjhaa Рік тому
This is actually really awesome. The light bulb moment for me was "Take generic from inward to outward": as in, generics can be inferred from the arguments passed to a function. This is very poweful
@chrisjames278
@chrisjames278 Рік тому
Thanks, Great video! Look forward to going through it in total typescript
@Praetorsss
@Praetorsss 10 місяців тому
I have the task to write a blog post about generics and you, my lord, have completely saved me in the most important thing to do it, understanding them!
@maxtsh
@maxtsh 8 місяців тому
Love this Matt, thank you so much
@alimoghadam6464
@alimoghadam6464 Рік тому
I'm in love with that makeZodSafeFetch function! Thank you for this great video!
@nikostsakas7742
@nikostsakas7742 Рік тому
The stuff about apis is golden, I recently did a similar thing to stop typing JSON responses as 'any' and it really helped with leveraging Typescript to handle edge cases etc. I haven't used schema validation yet, but seeing how clean the code is, it's really enticing.
@F4LLEND4RK
@F4LLEND4RK 5 місяців тому
Brilliant video, learnt a lot - I've never really looked into generics before, so, now my Typescript knowledge really has gone up a level.
@ori_geva
@ori_geva 10 місяців тому
Hey Matt, your videos are very helpful, you're covering features in TypeScript I needed and didn't know exist. It'd be so great if you could give and example of a scenario before explaining a TS solution, for the more complicated ones. Leaving out inline object types (like { firstName: string, lastName: string } would be nice too just so there's less to process heh.
@Ageofzetta
@Ageofzetta Рік тому
Straight to bookmarks. You're an amazing teacher!!
@emiletremblay1377
@emiletremblay1377 Рік тому
that's it im sold. Subbing to this gold channel
@jonatanferenczfi189
@jonatanferenczfi189 Рік тому
Great video. Not many new things for me. But it's really good to see someone making truly advanced topic videos on TS. Keep it up 🚀
@stonecoldcold2941
@stonecoldcold2941 Рік тому
One of the best videos out there on Typescript Generics!
@stiwart83
@stiwart83 4 місяці тому
Amazing video Matt, thank you so much!
@luczztem
@luczztem 9 місяців тому
bro this is wonderful you explained it VERY well
@brangtoggez6363
@brangtoggez6363 Рік тому
I love you Matt, free contents that you produced are chef kisses. I am always craving for more.
@learner8084
@learner8084 9 місяців тому
Thanks very much for the video. This is a real eye opener.
@BlurryBit
@BlurryBit Рік тому
The most helpful video I have seen for a while. :) Adding to bookmark for using as a documentation.
@bagaskara1567
@bagaskara1567 10 місяців тому
very clear explanation, amazing
@alexodan
@alexodan Рік тому
amazing stuff Matt thanks for those tips🙌 they were really 🔥🔥🔥
@sandeepreddy6247
@sandeepreddy6247 8 місяців тому
this is absolute masterclass...
@Noway1252
@Noway1252 Рік тому
What a wonderful video! I wish I can like it more than once. Thanks a lot Matt
@guytonedhai
@guytonedhai 9 місяців тому
This is gold 🔥
@nikhilgeorgemathew791
@nikhilgeorgemathew791 4 місяці тому
best video i have seen in a while on yt. thankyou!
@celica96
@celica96 Рік тому
Many cool pieces of advice. Thank you!
@joelmturner
@joelmturner Рік тому
Excellent tips, thank you!
@msich
@msich Рік тому
This is awesome Matt 🙌🏻
@TeaBroski
@TeaBroski 9 місяців тому
Thanks for sharing, great tips and I didn't know much about generic types. I just fear huge overheads, especially in the code readability department. When these types of codebases are written in real world scenarios, things turn pretty ugly pretty quickly. And usually, when the wizard who wrote this dark spells on a magic mushroom microdose induced flow state goes for the better paying company, the rest of people is left scrambling in chaos. Sometimes, especially for large companies with mixed teams, it's ok to be a bit verbose and repetitive if it leads to faster handovers and a better overall team experience. That said, we (as the JS community) need to mature towards more advanced design patterns. Was great learning about generic types today, thanks for sharing!
@RmonikMusic
@RmonikMusic 8 місяців тому
In general, you'll mostly see generics, conditional types, the "infer" keyword, etc used in packages to make them as strictly typed but broadly usable as possible. In real-world production code, I would indeed avoid complex types and be more verbose about your typing.
@jainebri
@jainebri 2 місяці тому
Amazing Matt ... Just Amazing !!! Thanks
@eliasmangoro413
@eliasmangoro413 Рік тому
Nice video! Another tip is you can do generic type inference from a function return type, in the same way you can do it for function parameters
@christopheanfry2425
@christopheanfry2425 Рік тому
So nice video!! I’m starting with typescript so not sure if I get it well but what I understand is that generics help typescript to infer on the arguments we pass in a function and give the proper return type. So a well defined generic in a function will give a much easier function handling when using it. Sorry if it’s not clear for me just try to understand. Thanks anyway for this video will work on it.
@robwatson826
@robwatson826 Рік тому
I pressed the like button, I got a surge of dopamine 👍. Really interesting video, generics are fun!
@RakeshKumar-qx8ow
@RakeshKumar-qx8ow Рік тому
Great Tips. thanks a ton Matt.
@InitCode
@InitCode 24 дні тому
Hey Matt, I've been following you on X for sometimes and learned a lot from about TS. And here as well.... Subscribed 😍
@qodesmith520
@qodesmith520 Рік тому
Always A+ content. Thanks for this!
@LucaStasio
@LucaStasio Рік тому
Man, you are the sunshine!
@justingolden21
@justingolden21 Рік тому
This man is on another level! Subbed!
@jeffreysegovia7656
@jeffreysegovia7656 Рік тому
Thank you Matt!
@oussamabenchkroune3151
@oussamabenchkroune3151 Рік тому
Thank you for the effort to make this awesome and useful video, Much love
@alpakarosa3678
@alpakarosa3678 Рік тому
This video makes me love more typescript!
@torontodev525
@torontodev525 3 місяці тому
Legend! thanks mate, the best of the best of the best :) 🙏🏼
@4sent4
@4sent4 8 місяців тому
Default type parameter is actually genious feature
@maker_aleks
@maker_aleks Рік тому
Really good explanation! 👍
@eulucascampelo
@eulucascampelo Рік тому
14:03 is the better part of this video 😁
@rafaelferraz8322
@rafaelferraz8322 Рік тому
Amazing job! Don't want to under estimate your workshop because I know it is excellent quality based on your videos and it requires a lot of work to put something with this quality together, I was wondering if there is any discount for students?
@firasnizam
@firasnizam 10 місяців тому
great, direct into the point
@vaidassiburskis
@vaidassiburskis Рік тому
Nice work Matt
@erikslorenz
@erikslorenz Рік тому
Tip 10 is the best one! Just did something similar the other day.
@WaterJay
@WaterJay Рік тому
this video is just immensely helpful
@eliasvasques80
@eliasvasques80 10 місяців тому
Thanks man, very good content.
@patricknelson
@patricknelson 4 місяці тому
Like and subscribed. Awesome tips, they proved to be particularly useful for me just to learn.
@juansereina_
@juansereina_ Рік тому
The more I watch your videos I love TS more! 🧡
@Abdulrahman-zj8cv
@Abdulrahman-zj8cv Рік тому
Thank you so much man you are great, bless you.
@mehrdadarman
@mehrdadarman 9 місяців тому
spectacular tips
@i4o
@i4o Рік тому
Coincidentally, I just watched your generics video on LWJ and was doing those exercises. This is a great video. Lot of things clicked for me with generics! Thanks Matt!
@andyl.5998
@andyl.5998 Рік тому
What's LWJ, if I may ask?
@kidussolomon9708
@kidussolomon9708 Рік тому
@@andyl.5998 Learn With Jason www.youtube.com/@learnwithjason
@aaronmiller1835
@aaronmiller1835 Рік тому
@@andyl.5998 Learn With Jason, if you haven't found it already
@FranciscoLopez-jc6vq
@FranciscoLopez-jc6vq Рік тому
Great video, Matt. Hats off ;)
@m_hussain_mustafa
@m_hussain_mustafa 29 днів тому
Great video!
@ffedchik
@ffedchik Рік тому
Amazing! Thnx Matt
@webdev5180
@webdev5180 Рік тому
I love this video so much !
@criticalthinker88gis13
@criticalthinker88gis13 9 місяців тому
Superb video
@lukadimnik1554
@lukadimnik1554 Рік тому
At 14:00 I laughed so hard. Really good explanation of generics. Good job.
@richards16
@richards16 3 місяці тому
Yeah right, the guy really likes Generics LOL!
@EngineerNick
@EngineerNick Рік тому
Thankyou this was super useful :)
@artless-soul
@artless-soul Рік тому
Thank you Matt for all this great content! May be consider slowing down a bit so we get time to grasp the content and avoid head spinning injury by having to rerun videos/ play at lower speed with robot voice 😀
@ChesterRivas
@ChesterRivas 7 місяців тому
Did you invent Typescript? Lol. Just kidding. I watch your videos all the time. Very enjoyable.
@pupfriend
@pupfriend Рік тому
Dang. That was good. Thanks for making this.
@AlfonsoBlanco-co5ql
@AlfonsoBlanco-co5ql Місяць тому
You are so cool while explaining!!!
@aungmyatmoemakescodework
@aungmyatmoemakescodework Рік тому
I just love final part imo
@JulianHarris
@JulianHarris Рік тому
Outstanding. Last time I used generics was C++ and Java in the late 90s probably before most of the other commenters were born😂 and it’s really great to see the inference capabilities to avoid “type stuttering” you otherwise get.
@Ben-fo2vt
@Ben-fo2vt Рік тому
Wow. What a helpful video.
@bryanngen5572
@bryanngen5572 Рік тому
I usually don't make comments, but this was a great video. Thank you !
@jotasenator
@jotasenator 10 місяців тому
let me grab a beer to make my fears go away and jump fully into this, is ok to have fear, but I need to face it
@mervinmarias9283
@mervinmarias9283 7 місяців тому
This seems like a more powerful form of destructuring, where instead of presetting the initial values, you enforce the types that should be returned.
@petarkolev6928
@petarkolev6928 Рік тому
Default params in TS o.O Whaaaaaaaaaaaaaat ? Matt, tip after tip and I think you can't amaze me more and there you go :D Matt, you're our hero 🍻
@erlanggadewasakti
@erlanggadewasakti Рік тому
Great video
@multigladiator384
@multigladiator384 9 місяців тому
13:34 nice! this is useful stuff
@paulmel4411
@paulmel4411 5 місяців тому
Clicking "like" because I really need those generics in my brain
@ya4dang1
@ya4dang1 8 місяців тому
What plugin are you using that displays the result // ^?
@mohdsahil226
@mohdsahil226 4 місяці тому
Really great content! Please provide a Nextjs 14 course. I follow stephen grider, but your way of teaching impressed me. I would like to work for free for you! I want to improve my coding!
@ofekhamdi8743
@ofekhamdi8743 5 місяців тому
Hey Matt, another great video! In the end of the video you still have to create a zod object of the type specified. Can you make zod infer the object from the schema and implement it?
@kevduc314
@kevduc314 Рік тому
Amazing video! Thank you! One question tho, for tip 7 (10:07) wouldn't casting as Array potentially give wrong types (and thus potentially wrong linting) if some of the keys of the object are not defined as strings? Since Object.keys returns strings and even if the key is not a string (e.g. number) it's converted to a string, but `keyof TObj` doesn't convert to string and keeps the original type. In the example, that problem doesn't come up since both the "name" and "age" keys are strings, but for e.g. { name: "John", 42: "whatever value" }, if you later try to do some string-specific operation on `result`, like `result[1].charAt(0)`, the IDE will flag it as something like `Property 'charAt' doesn't exist on type '"name" | 42'`, when that's a perfectly valid thing to do since Object.keys will return the string "42" for the number key 42
@anush8
@anush8 Рік тому
You're right.
@nice-vf4rj
@nice-vf4rj 5 місяців тому
Hi Matt, great content as always, may I ask what extensions or settings you have that allows inlay hints to popup where there is "// ^?"
@wariozet591
@wariozet591 4 місяці тому
Twoslash Query Comments
@skittlznt2611
@skittlznt2611 10 місяців тому
Thanks for the videos Matt. I can imagine they take a lot to put together. Just something I've noticed, you speak really fast and take almost no breaths between words 😅 then you go from one topic to the next with almost no breaks in-between. For me personally It's really tough to follow because these are kind of complicated topics you are covering. Again, I really appreciate the time and effort you put into your videos. Just a bit of constructive feedback from one viewer. 👌🏾
@VinitNeogi
@VinitNeogi Рік тому
Which extension is it which is giving type hints using "^?"
@dentalfloss1
@dentalfloss1 Рік тому
Yup I would love to know this also
@hyperprotagonist
@hyperprotagonist Рік тому
twoslash-queries vscode extension.
@_timestamp
@_timestamp Рік тому
@@nextmaker Thank you for this link :D
@efkastner
@efkastner Рік тому
Hah nice, Matt just posted a video about this extension!
@ChillAutos
@ChillAutos Рік тому
Chdck his most recdnt video
@aram5642
@aram5642 Рік тому
Hi, is there any difference between 'object extends T' and 'T extends object'? If so, what could be an example to best illustrate a use case for one vs the other?
@brandonz404
@brandonz404 9 місяців тому
This video singlehandedly dissolved my fear of "complicated" typescript. I'm pretty new to it, but now I want to use generics everywhere
@jcubic
@jcubic 10 місяців тому
That was great but you did one mistake in tip 7 you don't need to use "as" in that example if you restrict the type of the object to have keys of type string. Object.keys doesn't return symbols in JavaScript but the keyof does. const typeObjectKeys = ( obj: TObj ): Array => { return Object.keys(obj); };
@eldadd
@eldadd 10 місяців тому
i wish i'd seen this video like four months ago, when i refactored an entire routing architecture, for which i found myself using what here you will see as tips 1 through 9. Had to learn it the harder way. this video would have really made the learning curve less steep. I
@ChillAutos
@ChillAutos Рік тому
This was a brilliant video. You are clearly incredibly knowledgeable in all things typescript so instead of just giving praise I'd offer a tiny bit of criticism, maybe it's worth something too you, maybe not. Ive watched all your videos, some multiple times, and the one thing I notice is that some examples are a little too contrived, or at least it's not clear where I'd ever use a certain tip. Ive been a professional ts dev for about a year, and I'm no where near as good as you are but I really struggle to see the use cases in some of the tips, I'm not saying they don't exist, it's just I can't see them. Your zod example is a perfect example of the type of tips I find most useful, it's clear the real world use case and the example you use is a something we might actually see in our own code bases. Basically I'm saying is love some more real world examples for some of the more complex tips you give. I think part of it is your older videos were quite short which are great for a quick look and you do a great job of explaining how it works clearly, but then the video just ends and I'm left wondering how to apply it somewhere. Overall 9/10, just thought this might be more useful just another clap emoji. Thanks for your videos, looking forward to the next one as always.
@mattpocockuk
@mattpocockuk Рік тому
That's interesting! I've heard this criticism before but I consider this video to be a good example of me using real-world examples. Type safe object keys, typing Set, making type-safe fetches, integrating with Zod are all things I've been asked how to do. Which example in particular felt too abstract for you?
@mshamba8066
@mshamba8066 Рік тому
good feedback ≠ criticism
@onlywei
@onlywei Рік тому
This video is exactly what I needed! P.S. it’s still really hard for me to get over the fact that non-Chinese people don’t know how to count to 10 on one hand.
@concisedeveloper
@concisedeveloper 11 місяців тому
10:07 To get the proper return type of your function, instead of type assertion, you can add it as return type to the function: const typeObjectKeys = (obj:TObj):Array =>{ return Object.keys(obj) } This would result in the perfectly valid error of "Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'never'", since empty arrays can be passed to it. Since keyof keeps the original type but Object.keys returns strings, this can cause runtime errors. The proper implementation would assure that only objects with valid keys can be accepted by the function: const typeObjectKeys = (obj:TObj):Array =>{ return Object.keys(obj) }
@carlosricardoziegler2650
@carlosricardoziegler2650 Рік тому
Nice content, we are using it a lot with react applications. I will ask why in part of generic we need to write like instead a simple . Thanks for sharing your knowledge:)
@mattpocockuk
@mattpocockuk Рік тому
Because in .tsx files is parsed as a JSX node, but isn't.
@MartynK981
@MartynK981 Рік тому
@Matt, do you know why in example N8 (getValue function) we need explicitly provide the second generic for the keys - 'TKey extends keyof TObj'? Why the setting of the arg 'key: keyof TObj' is not enough?
@jasonstewart7983
@jasonstewart7983 Рік тому
I'll attempt to answer in the absence of Matt. The issue is how to get TS to connect the return type with the input type. Since the input type is an object with multiple attributes, each with a different type, we don't want the return type to be a union of all those possible types, we want it to be keyed to the 'key' input arg. Hence we use the 2nd generic and infer the return type. On a deeper level, I'm uncertain "why" this is necessary, why TS didn't have enough information to start with. Which is something for Matt to explain.
@MartynK981
@MartynK981 Рік тому
@@jasonstewart7983 Thank you
@Mitsunee_
@Mitsunee_ Рік тому
everytime I try to use keyof in generics I end up with it staying at the union type. Yesterday I was trying to merge all my getBundledFooBar functions into a single util and it just never wanted to work for me. Really confused as to what specifically makes typescript understand when a keyof-based parameter is not the union of all keys.
@lamtran6520
@lamtran6520 3 місяці тому
Question: What is the // ^2 in your code, and why it log the variable all the time ? Is it a plugin or typescript external ?
@joker_j1268
@joker_j1268 2 місяці тому
Its a VSCode extension. He covered it in this video before: ukposts.info/have/v-deo/rWCSmIF7rGNexHU.html
@AlexKozack
@AlexKozack Рік тому
How to make type argument required? That createSet() should throw a type error about missed type argument?
@UsernameUsername0000
@UsernameUsername0000 7 місяців тому
7:43 Any difference between doing that and doing extends Function?
@avneet12284
@avneet12284 Рік тому
crazy good
@muhammadmejanulhaque3305
@muhammadmejanulhaque3305 Рік тому
I am really glad that I started my javascript journey with Typescript. Thank you so much for the video.
@eldadd
@eldadd 10 місяців тому
what is this addon with ?^ that shows the typing of the consts as they change according to the different types that are fed to the generic type? for example that ^? const result: ...." with the changing types. anybody?
My favourite VSCode extension has 3k downloads
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