History of Coffee - Global Addiction - World History - Extra History - Part 2
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2 роки томуBrew your own civilization in Humankind on Steam, the Epic Games Store, Stadia, NVIDIA GeForce NOW, or Xbox Game Pass bit.ly/ExtraHumankind to pre-purchase!
Coffee traveled the whole world and coffee houses became known as places of business, learning, and political debate. Penny Universities. But how did the trade expand from Africa to South America? And while caffeine may have kept the lights on the Enlightenment, there was a dark side to this roast as well.
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Part 1 - Brewing Controversy: • History of Coffee - Br...
Part 2 - Global Addiction: • History of Coffee - G...
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♪ Music by Demetori: bit.ly/1EQA5N7
♪ Outro Music: "A New Ruler" by Tiffany Roman
#ExtraHistory #Coffee #History
@toddhughes2859 2 роки тому
Charles II: *shuts down coffee houses* English citizens: You remember how detachable your dad's head was, right?
@Jedsa009 2 роки тому
His reason was the coffeehouses “have produced very evil and dangerous effects,” and were also a “disturbance of the peace and quiet realm,”. In his his mind would be like: The place where all kinds of people, including anti-monarchist, critics and people disliked by the king, were gathered + A drink that made people energized = the plot of violence against the throne.
@danielharvison7510 2 роки тому
@@Jedsa009 I rather think his mind would have been a very sad place, much like all monarchs and leaders that think everyone is plotting against them. Let's all hold hands and drink coffee, I say!
@vincentmuyo 2 роки тому
@@Jedsa009 Well if you're a bad monarch, violence against the throne would be plotted. Not necessarily just in coffee houses.
@spectator4550 2 роки тому
4:35
@tokevarvaspolvi8999 2 роки тому
Remember, remember the fifth of November The café, the beans, the pot
@abcdef27669 2 роки тому
England in 19th Century: "We produce Coal, the essential fuel for industry". Brazil in 19th Century: "We produce coffee, the essential fuel for the industry workers".
@copmmer6117 2 роки тому
Coal coffee :0
@kurumachikuroe442 2 роки тому
Breaking Bad: 19th century Brazil
@hallamhal 2 роки тому
England: "I don't drink coffee I take tea my dear"
@brandonzzz9924 2 роки тому
Africa in the 19th century: "We produce people, the essential fuel for coffee."
@robbieaulia6462 2 роки тому
@@copmmer6117 Coalfee
@pavarottiaardvark3431 2 роки тому
General Sherman even put a whole section in he back of his memoirs about the importance of coffee, and what can be used as a good/bad substitute....
@JCSopko 2 роки тому
What are the good and bad substitutes?
@crashstudi0s 2 роки тому
Yeah, the susbtitutes please
@caboosenom3rson 2 роки тому
@@JCSopko I’m guessing one of them is cocaine
@jaystreet46 2 роки тому
Sweet potato was a popular civil war substitute for coffee
@lazyc0mmander277 2 роки тому
@@JCSopko Well there's tea but I figure most people didn't much care to hear that at the time.
@101Phase 2 роки тому
7:10 this eagle dunking its head into a cup of coffee has to be one of my favourite images in Extra History so far, right next to the walking potato from the Irish Famine series
@JoeysMunchkin 2 роки тому
"a patriotic gesture"
@chadcollins6348 2 роки тому
Don't Forget the the Treasury war bear from khosro had a bear walk out Logan empty treasure chest
@OK-qj9lw 2 роки тому
Along with Napoleon 3rd crossing the line in the Bismarck series lmao.
@timurthejerk9270 2 роки тому
I’m favorite image is Richard on a boat waving by to Saladin
@Eliezer3838 2 роки тому
That’s patriotism
@richardgonzalez6409 2 роки тому
Voltaire: I drank around 50 cups a day! Every architecture student ever: That is insultingly low
@satierfoira 2 роки тому
Also every grad student ever
@connorthompson66 2 роки тому
You have to bump those numbers up. Those are rookie numbers.
@CollinMcLean 2 роки тому
Nursing students:*Inserting a 20g into eachothers veins for an IV Push of espresso* Amateurs...
@richzarazua6127 Рік тому
Yet he had a bigger impact than any of them.
@Attaxalotl Місяць тому
Engineering Students:
@HistoryOfRevolutions 2 роки тому
"I adore simple pleasures. They are the last refuge of the complex" - Oscar Wilde
@mygills3050 2 роки тому
Good quote.
@subhamomm5930 2 роки тому
Oh so mesmerising brother
@PixelPower0615 2 роки тому
One of the many truths of Mr. Wilde...
@overconfidentpineapple8783 2 роки тому
In Hungary in the 1800s coffee houses were centers of different writer groups. This led to the custom, that in every coffee house you could get free paper and ink with your drink, thus helping to start talented people's carreers all the way to the times of ww2
@overconfidentpineapple8783 2 роки тому
@@Cargoshots nah they are all closed now
@B727X Рік тому
@@Cargoshots all gone, you know, the Marxist scourge of ww2 and all
@zold9896 2 роки тому
Bitter Coffee: “Help me, I’m too weak!” Coffee with milk: “U N L I M I T E D P O W E R”
@Klaaism 2 роки тому
He-man!
@Dmichoacan 2 роки тому
**Coffee with Milk and Sugar** Me: “It’s too dangerous to be kept alive**
@joshuakleopfer751 2 роки тому
@@Dmichoacan *Coffee, Milk, Sugar and Cream* *and Chocolate*
@Dmichoacan 2 роки тому
@@joshuakleopfer751 dios mio
@joshuakleopfer751 2 роки тому
@@Dmichoacan *and ice cream*
@eskarinakatz7723 2 роки тому
“You can keep your fancy ales, you can drink ‘em by the flagon, but the only brew for the brave and true, comes from The Green Dragon!”
@Jill_of_trades 2 роки тому
The green dragon?
@firebirdchild975 2 роки тому
@@Jill_of_trades it's from Lord of the Rings Mary and Pippin sing the song " The green Dragon" is a inn in the Shire close to where Frodo and Sam live
@adisonlandon9883 2 роки тому
Hey!
@nicholase2868 Рік тому
I was wondering Tolkien was inspired by that or if the name was just coincidence.
@sheltonbradley1648 Рік тому
I’ll keep my joli rouge
@SCP--fj2jr 2 роки тому
*And to think that this all started because some goat ate some weird plants.*
@SCP--fj2jr 2 роки тому
@armia krajova *I **_AM_** THE CURE*
@agent3360 2 роки тому
@@SCP--fj2jr yeah grandpa you are the cure now take your actual meds
@SCP--fj2jr 2 роки тому
@@agent3360 .. *Well frick. I've been exposed.*
@foundationgamer9771 2 роки тому
@@SCP--fj2jr *A MTF operative has had this caught in 4K*
@SCP--fj2jr 2 роки тому
@@foundationgamer9771 *Yes. You.* *And I smell pestilence* >:>
@culturainutil861 2 роки тому
Should have also mentioned that when europe stopped drinking so much coffe after ww1, Brazil nearly went bankrupt
@felipevitorino7745 2 роки тому
+
@bltvd 2 роки тому
Yeah!
@arx3516 2 роки тому
We still drink a lot of coffee.
@culturainutil861 2 роки тому
@@arx3516 Well certainly less than 50 cups a day. I hope.
@riograndedosulball248 2 роки тому
The subsequent crisis started like, 6 civil wars and coups from the most varied groups possible
@MALEMization 2 роки тому
"AT LEAST THAT'S THE LEGEND" is the Walpole of this video series!
@mathgasm8484 2 роки тому
I used to trade my coffee pack from my MRE for other goodies when I was in the army. Coffee was a great trade item to the right coffee junkie.
@Detson404 2 роки тому
How was the instant stuff they gave you? Civilian instant coffee can vary widely.
@mathgasm8484 2 роки тому
@@Detson404 I do not drink coffee but if in the field you dont care because that's all you have.
@poltergeist4288 2 роки тому
I didn’t know the darker side of coffee’s history, and how that addiction directly impacted the world around us. To me that was really interesting to learn about here
@thelastclone6435 2 роки тому
many addictions have directly influenced the world, remember the british wars with china? that was influenced by the british's obsession with tea, oh and money.
@poltergeist4288 2 роки тому
@@thelastclone6435 oh yeah, that’s something I don’t really forget and I see your point
@petertrudelljr 2 роки тому
@@thelastclone6435 Oh, don't forget the addiction that the Brits gave the Chinese during that war... Opium.
@tams805 2 роки тому
Wait until you learn about sugar.
@poltergeist4288 2 роки тому
@@tams805 oh I’m well aware of the horrors of the sugar addiction
@AynenMakino 2 роки тому
That eagle with it's head dunked in coffee is just about the funniest panel I've seen on this show 🤣
@Attaxalotl Місяць тому
As an american, I can confirm that is how we eat breakfast.
@Animeaddiction 2 роки тому
When Freeze Drying was invented, soldiers in WW1 were able to enjoy coffee just by adding heated water. When WW2 came around, improved freeze-drying allowed for better instant coffee in the C and K-rations. When the soldiers came home, they were already used to having their instant Cup of Joe and that's how the Instant Coffee boom got started.
@Drakonian-gz2nq 2 роки тому
World: "So, what do you produc-" Brazil: "COFFENIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHAHAHAA!!!!!!!!!!!"
@pedrosimaooliveiraoliveira9656 2 роки тому
Nem paulista toma tanto cafe
@ginoclaves 2 роки тому
@@pedrosimaooliveiraoliveira9656 Tomar não, mas provavelmente produz esse tanto
@pedrosimaooliveiraoliveira9656 2 роки тому
O estado de Sao Paulo e o maior produtor de cafe no mundo
@f-35enjoyer59 2 роки тому
HUE intensifies
@StevenFox80 2 роки тому
Frederick the Great of Prussia also tried to outlaw coffee and even hat coffee sniffers (mainly consisted of maimed veterans) who were allowed to enter any property if they smelled anything. Didn't really work though, and the ban was dropped. Also: please buy fair trade coffee, if you can!
@Pasteurpipette 2 роки тому
"Java coffee was supplying most of Europe, knocking the Arabica coffee from Yemen" Small point, the coffee from Java was still from the Arabica strain.
@jasodu1 2 роки тому
Robusta also widely planted here in Java, tho
@Pasteurpipette 2 роки тому
@@jasodu1 Jup, though the Robusta strain wasn't discovered untill the 1800s. For this part of history, all the Javanese coffee descended from that one Amsterdam strain. Fascinating how cultivation ran through such bottlenecks!
@lordDenis16 2 роки тому
I'm a simple man I see a Polish man setting up a coffee house in Vienna and I smack the like button.
@silence_dais 2 роки тому
Wait is this how we got the phrase "penny for your thoughts?" because of the penny coffee houses?
@Detson404 2 роки тому
Hey man! Are you the David Stout from Ohio I went to school with?
@silence_dais 2 роки тому
@@Detson404 nerp. Sorry
@Detson404 2 роки тому
@@silence_dais No worries.
@NolanSchuster4 2 роки тому
I’d imagine that is the origin!
@althelor 2 роки тому
That... Makes a lot of sense.
@awkwardsp00n 2 роки тому
I just keep thinking about the Time Squad episode where they convince the U.S. founding fathers to stop drinking tea and start drinking coffee which turns them into hopped up frat boys that start the revolution.
@CepheusTalks 2 роки тому
I thought the episode was about some other powdered drinks
@Mr_Haddles 2 роки тому
This has been a really enlightening miniseries, but I just wanted to shout out the artist who stuck a Necron in Rob's office at @9:09!
@Conimor95 2 роки тому
Glad I wasn't the only one to notice hahah
@yonatanbeer3475 2 роки тому
This is my favorite EH series in a while. I love the occasional "history of things" series like the alphabet video or the geometry series
@iskenuz 2 роки тому
To those who say expresso rather than espresso, relax! The two are cognates, and both Webster and Oxford recognize "expresso" as a valid variant spelling. When you use "espresso" you're using the italian word, when you say "expresso" you're using an anglicized equivalent. It's no different from saying "Coffee" instead of "Caffè"
@Boretheory 2 роки тому
And why shouldn’t they use the Italian version? From a totally not Italian
@peasant8246 2 роки тому
Such dedication to the grammatical correctness makes me hot.
@milczyciel 2 роки тому
Hearing you read Jerzy as Jersey... kills me a little xD
@Artur_M. 2 роки тому
But they pronounced Franciszek and Kulczycki right, so 2/3. On the other hand, they somehow managed to misspell Kulczycki as "Kulctycki". xD
@decus9544 2 роки тому
As someone who gains no stimulant effect from Coffee at all, I honestly feel like I'm missing out :(
@keiyakins 2 роки тому
Do you by chance have ADHD? It's not universal by any means but a lot of ADHD people react differently to caffeine
@decus9544 2 роки тому
@@keiyakins I do not.
@agnuswulf 10 місяців тому
@@decus9544 I do have ADHD and I also get little to no effect from coffee (It just makes my ansiety burst in ocasions it is already boling). Still, I like drinking it for the flavor and the habit.
@Eliezer3838 2 роки тому
*”Come to Brazil please”* Caffeine Lovers: *Yes*
@ritasallai152 2 роки тому
Pilvax kávéház ( Pilvax Café) was one of the starting points for the 1848 hungarian revolution! A very important chapter in hungarian history, every kid learns about this coffeehouse in school here in Hungary!
@laptiger0275 2 роки тому
This is such an interesting series because this is something we would never have learned in school!
@wilsthelimit 2 роки тому
Didn’t expect to the Clemson Tigers logo today
@LuckySingh-ln9ox 2 роки тому
So true.
@DTOStudios 2 роки тому
@@LuckySingh-ln9ox I mean to be fair school has such a small amount of time to try to convey the most important things in history. It's not supposed to teach you everything, just what the curriculum deems most important because they just don't have the time
@hadi8699 2 роки тому
@@DTOStudios ahh yes me learning about bloody marry is important
@magniwalterbutnotwaltermag1479 2 роки тому
@@hadi8699 what fucking history class did you enter to be taught local legends?
@peggyliepmann5248 2 роки тому
There's actually a coffee shop near me called Blue Bottle Coffee that aims to provide sustainable ethically sourced coffee.
@Nomand55 2 роки тому
I see Rob is a man of style and grace, aka a necron player.
@Mr110074 2 роки тому
Non coffee drinkers in the 18th century: “Mm..I don’t like the taste.” 18th century Jim Jefferies: “THAT’S NOT THE POINT!!!!”
@catmixer4450 2 роки тому
The tea bag was made in the 1900’s so a tea cup would be more accurate
@matthiasmoser6096 2 роки тому
Exactly. Ironically, the coffee filter and the modern tea bag were both invented in the city of Dresden. And in Dresden, someone also invented the Cholorodont-toothpaste. As a compensation for our teeth, I guess. xD
@CoverofWinter 2 роки тому
@@matthiasmoser6096 Modern problems require modern solutions I suppose
@-Timur1214 2 роки тому
@@CoverofWinter Problems require solutions I suppose
@REEEPROGRAM 2 роки тому
☕☕☕☕☕☕☕☕☕ Good mornin' lads! Take one, carefully it's hot
@ianhamilton9600 2 роки тому
No 🍵
@jk-gb4et 2 роки тому
☕☕ i take 2
@stormalfred1238 2 роки тому
I don't like coffee, but thanks for the offer
@braddlessmith8303 2 роки тому
Have you guys considered making a video on the history of calculating longitude at sea?
@bhavishshah2415 2 роки тому
I had just been to Coorg (A hills station in India known for the coffee plantations) I saw the coffee plants, saw them drying the beans and even sell the freshly produced coffee, unfortunately the owner of the plantation was explaining how the harvest this season has been bad due to an early monsoon
@VonJost 2 роки тому
Thank you so much for telling history in terms that aren’t centered on wars
@alinoura3732 2 роки тому
Kudos to another great video. For those interested, I'd recommend looking into the impact of climate change on coffee production. As coffee can only grow in very particular altitudes and climates, slight changes in temperature are adversely affecting coffee supply. Vox has a nice video summary of this topic.
@storyspren 2 роки тому
Got my morning coffee ready and saw this in the sub feed. Oh yeah, it's all coming together. "What kind of coffee were they drinking?" I'm glad we agree on the importance of this question :D
@Is_this_Aviral 2 роки тому
Sir yesterday I got into a bit of food history and found out that coffee was used as a medicine and arabian kings made laws to sell only roasted beans to prevent Europeans from planting their own
@JustADannyThing 2 роки тому
Idk why watching this series on coffee and eating an open toast with crunchy peanut butter is just a mood that I love
@unallamaa 2 роки тому
We watched one of these videos in class the other day, I was so excited
@sergio5017 2 роки тому
I'm finally early to a Extra credits vid
@einfachmalso8348 2 роки тому
Same
@hangebza6625 2 роки тому
Me too. Relativly. 15 min in
@andycostanzo8057 2 роки тому
I love this extra history episode so much I have a suggestion for another topic and that topic is sugar.🥰👍🏻
@jasonh8592 2 роки тому
Had the weirdest sensation. Mentioning Folgers, I smelled coffee before school back at home. Weird weird world.
@Sir_Uncle_Ned 2 роки тому
Coffee is truly a universal tradition spanning the ages. I enjoyed this little miniseries.
@sunburntbulb4384 2 роки тому
I’d also like to add that Melbourne is renowned for its incredible coffee culture.
@dakshsingh4780 2 роки тому
I need coffee now Who knew this is how coffee spread huh Also great series so far
@ocurtamemes1477 2 роки тому
Brazil was so dependent of coffee that after the monarchy felt, the biggest coffee producer state, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, made oligarchs and the Coffe And Milk Policy, those 2 states controlled Brazil until the Vargas Era, then Brazil begun to industrialize more. Ngl, yall could have talk more about Brazil, especially in this toppic
@ilovemuslimfood666 2 роки тому
Yeah, they relied exclusively on coffee and sugar, and when the demand collapsed when America and Europe got those crops from elsewhere, the Brazilian economy collapsed.
@njnmnm 2 роки тому
Eu já tava com medo que eles nem comentassem
@danieljhalab6775 2 роки тому
Man I just checked your channel as you released this and I'm having a coffee rn
@EliamDar 2 роки тому
The Coffee must flow.
@richeybaumann163 Рік тому
I've never been a coffee drinker (survived 4 years of college without it) but my new job has made me appreciate it. I work overnight, 17:00- 03:30, so it's become very useful at 01:00, especially since we have espresso machines.
@winterroll5255 2 роки тому
One of the most brilliant episodes of extra history! Always watched, never commented, but here I must come and say, Hats off!
@thehowlinggamer5784 2 роки тому
Used to drink a pot of coffee to fuel my aol rp chat room addiction back in the day.
@ShinigamiInuyasha777 2 роки тому
I found odd that despite Brazil is the biggest producer of coffee, most of its neighbours drink mate
@diegoflores9237 2 роки тому
Mate is local. That would be like ethiopians drinking tea
@rafaelrmaier 2 роки тому
I drink both. Cause S T I M U L A N T S
@highbahamut6188 2 роки тому
thats the Brazilian republic for you. favoring foreigners over their own people
@DC-hy2rg 2 роки тому
loved this miniseries, and thank you for introducing me to the Coffee Cantata!
@Number1Irishlad 2 роки тому
I really enjoy the stories and anecdotes you guys share in these videos, but then also clarify thst theyre legends/stories, and not necessarily correct
@alekseisychterz52 2 роки тому
I used to work for a coffee roastery but I don’t drink coffee. Great work! I love this channel so much!
@sbatou87 2 роки тому
*drinks coffee while watching this* So THAT'S where Tolkien got the name! That... or the one in Boston.
@aaronsirkman8375 2 роки тому
I think the one in Boston is the one he's talking about.
@jonathanrich9281 2 роки тому
The name for what?
@Detson404 2 роки тому
@@jonathanrich9281 the green dragon pub.
@sbatou87 2 роки тому
@@jonathanrich9281 The Green Dragon.
@tiffanitoenail840 2 роки тому
Finnaly! I needed my Extra History fix!
@ambarrose 2 роки тому
Cheers to you guys. Loved these episodes.
@manofmeat9881 2 роки тому
Got here 36 second after upload. Gotta love it!
@ketchakik 2 роки тому
This series is proof I will watch anything from extra credits
@samirkumarraj6398 2 роки тому
This video is awesome .Thanks for this knowledge. It is the best video on UKposts and your channel is best channel on UKposts. This video is one of my best life experiences. Please keep it up this type work. Your nice work on videos tempt me to leave a appreciative comment on your comment box . But brother I am waiting for a video on Skanderbeg when it will come?
@einfachmalso8348 2 роки тому
8:05 damm.. those beans got ROASTED
@AKAZA-kq8jd 2 роки тому
Perfect timing Extra Credit this is Perfect video for one's coffee ☕ break.👏
@notthefbi7932 2 роки тому
Great series 😄
@rileybalduf8092 2 роки тому
Appreciate the discount on humankind from the last video. Enjoying the game so far.
@atharvavarade495 2 роки тому
Such a beautiful Explanation : )
@greggalbert462 2 роки тому
Thank you for making this extra history.
@carolynthomas3938 2 роки тому
7:10 that eagle with it’s head dunked in coffee legit made me laugh
@Ryu_D 2 роки тому
Thank you for the video.
@EQuivalentTube2 2 роки тому
This story is _literally_ why we should end the War On Drugs.
@SpartanJoe193 Рік тому
Ffr
@BearCavalryWasTaken 2 роки тому
I love the Necron seen near the end of the episode.
@stateofflorida5082 2 роки тому
9:08 Poor Trazyn The Infinite, once a collector and now a collectors item in a strange discredited historian channel writers apartment.
@evilproductionstudios9659 2 роки тому
The fact that most revolutions were formed around coffee is my new favorite fact
@chrisnewhard5863 Рік тому
Looking forward to the next series on tea (hopefully!)
@TheCreepypro 2 роки тому
great to see this history and the origin of words like mocha, java, folgers, and expresso
@nathanseper8738 2 роки тому
Coffee=Enlightenment!
@murugamoorthy7156 2 роки тому
Though im a very Tea person.. I do love me some Caffine... God Coffee is soo good! And the History of Coffe is ridiciously Interesting...
@nocturno7660 2 роки тому
I love your stuff, so much
@crusherbmx 2 роки тому
11:01 the eagle with it's head in the coffee is the best thing yet!
@leenabhowmick5350 2 роки тому
Very good video as usual.
@jordisaura6748 2 роки тому
We demand History of Beer!!
@ryotanada 2 роки тому
Me: hmm another coffee vid, this gonna be good. Also me, an Indonesian: 5:19 oh.
@adhitripras8945 2 роки тому
VOC 😂
@andrewt233 2 роки тому
Your coffee puns are on point :)
@historicalfootnotes 2 роки тому
I wonder if that has anything to do with why Tea is so popular in the south 7:40
@cintron3d 2 роки тому
Love all the coffee puns at the beginning
@Mmm230496 2 роки тому
listen about and drinking coffee, perfection
@user-ug4ow1qq2h 2 роки тому
Daym, I wish coffee worked on me the same way as everyone else. I want to have a cheap and widely available stimulant that actually works too.
@TheLateral18 2 роки тому
This is an amazing story
@SirV3nt 2 роки тому
The bald eagle neck deep killed me. Also, nice segway to your sponsor: that was so clean, I'm sure you made Linus Tech Tips blush.
@Ignorance-is-a-tool 2 роки тому
Thanks for the sponsor I now love humankind. It's a beautiful game.
@Gavriel01 2 роки тому
Now I'd like to hear about the history of other drugs and their impacts on society. Like methamphetamines.
@splicer1158 Рік тому
I was doing a rewatch of this series, and I suddenly got an appetite for coffee at 6pm. It’s 11am somewhere I suppose.
@christopherverhoef9112 2 роки тому
5:22: Is that a coffee plant in your shirt or are you just happy to see me?
@callnight1441 2 роки тому
i love how people make jokes about being addicted to a literal drug
@Detson404 2 роки тому
Well, it’s true. Good thing it’s harmless for most people most of the time.
@ZombieBarioth 2 роки тому
Anything that alters the body is technically a drug, so that really isn't saying much. Hell many spices are used for medicinal purposes as much as they are for flavor.
@NiceCockBruv 2 роки тому
3:39 is priceless!
@FreyaofCerberus 2 роки тому
If i might add an addendum, Australia is now the foremost coffee culture on Earth. A climate suitable for growing the beans combined with large Italian, Greek and Turkish migrant populations led to the perfect storm of supply and demand. Now anywhere in Australia you can find a cafe serving coffee on par with the best in the world. We invented the Flat White you wrote the episode with. And fun fact we are the only market on Earth in which Starbucks failed because with amazing local coffee virtually everywhere why would we go for American-style overly sweet coffee flavored milkshakes? :P Loved the episode, you guys remain my go to for all things history.
Extra History
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Extra History
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