@@yukierose9225 seems legit

Even Mr beast watch this channel regularly

@@veezerrscharnhorst who?

Red Hiding Hood, you're not alone in this educative process. I'm right with ya. Well, sorta? You _are_ alone however, in your "hiding hood" though... cause it's how the game is played. Not cause we don't love you. 😂😂😂

@@yukierose9225 Begone, Th- Bot.

Interesting

Your dad sounded an awesome guy man 👏

Big respect to your father, he was very passionate

Sounds like a great person, respect. Thank you for sharing your story and good luck!

Beautiful story! He sounds like a genius

How much does a cell tower technician make

@@roderickwilliams67 similar to construction jobs, maybe a little more, but much less than skilled trades. It's pretty ridiculous that some trades make more when there are fewer people who want to do tower rigging, and it's not dumb work.

@@roderickwilliams67 Not enough. Generally around $17-18/hour starting depending on area. Mid-level/average salary is around $23-24/hour. If you climb the really big backbone towers on the mountains, with weather involved, you'll generally make a lot more especially with hazard pay involved on those. But those aren't towers for "cell technicians" usually.

I work for Ericsson and feel your pain. Well, I´m seated in an office handling the logistics of all those cables and units that need to be replaced on those shelters but I don´t think I would trade places! Had calls where you could just sense how cold/hot was on the place the field engineer was. Heard stories of many being attacked by animals when trying to reach a site. And let´s not even talk when an emergency request/alarm disappears when a field engineer gets to the site OR replaces the unit and it can either NOT be that unit that has to be replace or a Dead On Arrival happens... And just a few weeks ago had the pleasure of watching the replacement of two HUGE units in a tower (5G shenanigans) and those guys...much, much respect!

I just want to say thank you, and to all tower dudes out there.

I _so_ agree with you, having gone to school in the Dark Ages of the pre-Internet era, where instructors would ask you to hold your questions till the end, which isn’t helpful if you can then no longer understand anything that follows what you already needed an explanation for. 🙄 UKposts is my favorite learning platform! 💕 🎁 Podcasts are second, since they don’t have the visual aspect, which is sometimes necessary or helpful.

Hey at least you didn’t trash teachers lmao, so many just go into the comments saying why can’t you be my professor in x class and just teach this because my current professor sucks and is boring. There’s no comparison this is a guy (presumably with a team) who puts out less than some single class sessions worth of material a month on whatever the hell he chooses and most importantly for entertainment not just education. And it’s also a video you specifically chose to watch because you have some interest in it. It’s not weird at all this is way more fun than class it has a million advantages

Just image how good the "education" will be in 100 years when we can just get this type of video for literally EVERY topic.

If you think this is at a engineering level, you are seriously beyond hopeless. This video taught virtually nothing. All it did was give you an illusion of understanding. In an actual engineering course, you'd be able to do the mathematics yourself and set up your own system. I seriously doubt you can do that from watching this video. This is why I hate UKposts; it makes people think they are actually learning stuff, when it is just entertainment. It only teaches at a surface level, a shallow level. And creators usually tell people this, and the viewers still say they learn from watching. No; you have to practice and solve problems to learn anything

Dude I wish!! If every teacher taught like this, then we would all be engineers 😂 Unfortunately teachers don’t get paid enough to put this much effort into teaching material

Man seeing this video made me realize how much thought is put into communication. Last video I learnt about how much engineering goes into transmitting electricity. Respect for those who make all this possible.

Insane? It's just Elementary Linear Algebra to make the most basic encryption, the more complicated encryption require more complicated matrix math.

Wish this video was there when I was starting to study communications engineering. The CDMA part triggered my PTSD of struggling to calculate transfer functions, bit error rates, transmission loss, etc. Of course I have moved into another field since I graduated.

I'm surprised how much I've taken this tech for granted

@@KRYMauL you are missing the loads of Fourier transforms, constellation diagrams, bit error, etc needed to understand cellular transmission. That is hardly basic encryption. Understanding RSA or ECDH is much simpler than communication Engineering.

I literally forgot my tea watching this video.

Electrical Engineering gang

Its not a single guy, they're a team

@@wat4504 Idk why people refer to this channel as "this guy". It takes so much work to research, find images and videos, edit, animate, write a script, etc.

"Sam" doesn't exist, he is simply a collective of the people behind this channel. They are all Sam yet at the same time no one is Sam, only together do they become Sam.

heh, this flew so far over my head it's in orbit. :)

So many of us had to learn it but only very few still use it. Me too I learned this stuff but fortunately I recognized soon enough that it is the same a learning screw heads. Note that knowing screw heads is more useful in day to day life. On telecommunication protocols, the essential stuff was done by Claude Shannon with his work on channel capacity as a function of SNR of the channel. The rest are just different choices based on SNR over the usable bandwidth and historic development. None of this stuff actually manages to increase beyonds Shannons limits but, of course, our SNR has become better with smaller cells and with the increase of computing and processing power we can more optimally use the full bandwidth optimally even if the SNR is strongly varying over the bandwidth or fluctuating in time.

but, I don't think he talked about BER or SNR.

It's a good way to communicate things. Make sure people know A, then gradually move on to B.

More like this stuff is boring for most people. This stuff is very interesting for me though

I wish he mentioned them by name and showed the constellations to better explain visually why you can switch to a higher MCS if the channel is clean enough. Basically, he could have very easily compared 16QAM to 64QAM

This -comment- is a masterpiece 🥰

I think this video may be his crowning achievement

It is so difficult and rare to break down a topic like this to its simple fundamentals and transfer that knowledge so efficiently to dumb(er) receivers. In effect, WP have created their own fantastic compression algorithm in this video.

Absolute PTSD from my university networking textbook struggling so hard to even provide the introductory explanation of CDMA that this video provided so easily.

My dad worked in telecom for over 20 years with Motorola and Bell Labs. He passed away in 07, when I was in middle school, and ever since I've wished I knew more about what he did. He had a master's degree in computer science, and I always wondered how that was applicable to telecom. I did not realize at all how complex and fascinating this field truly was and is, and I have a new found respect for my old man and people such as yourself who continue to provide the rest of us with services we often take for granted.

I wouldn't say any average joe could fully understand this. I think you need at least a little background knowledge on physics and whatnot to understand this completely.

Believe it or not, it also has huge implications on real estate law. For states with plentiful water supply, land owners own half of any river that flanks the edge of their land. However, in arid states where water is scarce, the state owns all bodies of water which aren't enclosed by a private property. I think some states even claim water bodies which are wholy contained within your property.

What?

And Sam for being able to explain it the way he did in this video!

It's even more complicated than this; this video tops out at 2G technology! 3G, 4G, and 5G continue to get yet more complex. Additionally, in high-density areas like cities, cells don't have one omnidirectional antenna in the middle, but rather three or more directional antennas at the corners.

@@asphere8 CDMA is 3G technology. That is where this video topped out.

@@MrT------5743 The original CDMA is a 2G technology; CDMA2000, WCDMA, and HSPA are sometimes referred to as simply "CDMA" but are 3G technologies.

What exactly did you learn in ur degree? I'm currently a CS major, but telecommunications have always interested me. didn't know there was a degree associated with it

What would happen to our networks if a massive solar flare happened

what books would you recommend if i wanna learn about telecommunications engineering?

yup, I am also a Telco graduate and this video wraps up information pretty good

As a Taco graduate, this video wrapped up the topic nicely.

After watching this I think we should be excited when the network actually delivers. So much goes into making it happen. I once worked customer service for a telecom back in the 90s and people expected wireline quality everywhere.

Don't forget the natural noise of modern society as wireless tech become more prominent. On top of that noise from emergency services, airlines, military radar, etc.

As a cell tower field tech, I can't agree with you more, Brandon. It's very difficult to explain to my friends/family how telecommunications work. This video sums it up in understandable terms. Now I have a simple video to share with everyone complaining that they "want answers, and they want them now!" Lol

Yet people hating 5G for bullshit reason

as a tech savvy person I had an understanding of how it all worked... boy was there much that I didn't actually know!

what do you mean? those are two separate channels

@@Veilure it's the same guy doing it

Haha so true. I can't stand his other channel.

Ikr lol

He did sneak a "meow" in around 14:47

Hey you're just the kind of guy i need to talk to i'm working at Hearst Castle flagging traffic control. I have radio communication between three flag men that is constantly disrupted, broken up, or not even coming through we have a repeater box at the highest point we could get it too but Channel 2 seems to work more reliably than repeat. We have rugged V3 radios with 16 inch whip antennas please help

@@yzrippin hey happy to help, but it doesn't sound like you're using cellular or wifi technologies based on what you said. Are you using CB (citizens band) 2 with walkie talkies on the flagmen? Or licensed freqs and HAM channels? You might be best served with a FM solution like old school Motorola private licensed 2 way radios and a repeater (sounds like you may be already trying that) if your area supports private LTE that's the way to go. Just pay the carrier for the service and enjoy regular phones on their service with full duplex communication.

Haha so you’re the guy that writes my codes!!

as an undergrad EE junior taking Intro to Electromagnetics, hearing black magic is all to familiar.

Same, 20 years EE in wireless/RF, covering aviation, LMR, MIL/critical comms, some cellular and a most of it in the secured realm. FSK, PSK, QAM, CDMA, OFDMA and other modulation schemes, especially the last two still seem like voodoo even though I'm deeply rooted in them and many others. Watching subscriber, spectrum and channel efficientcy grow by orders of magnitude, it's what's next that has me most fascinated, even going back to school, yet again...

Basic wave superposition does the addition itself, yeah?

Dang. I can't imagine having to be the person who had to figure out how to work on that receiver.

Ya but how would they ensure the waves are in phase to allow for additive behavior between them. It seems like unless all 3 signals came from the same position they would likely be out of phase

This.. There was a missing part of the explanation.. It sounded like it was all done in the devices. That one of the mixing stages is done in the media is the last part that explains how they don't mess up each other.

The part I don't get is how the receiver separates these and knows which data come from which user

just take a ccna

@peace we especially need these verses in these times

Im an Electrical Engineering graduate and did not learn a single thing in my communications class or my digital signal processing class. In this video, I learned more about those 2 subjects than an entire semester worth in those classes. Classes in university just teach you the math B.S, like using fourier transforms

Were there some lunatic Karens trying to destroy the 5G towers, and then wonder why The Facebook didn't work?

The reality is that things are much much more complex than this video makes out.

@@scienteer3562 Which he blatantly states multiple times

its basically data compression using the equivalent of an encryption algorithm

@@scienteer3562 Sure. Once you reach orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation and MIMO antenna systems, it definitely can be. Heck, I'm still trying to wrap my head around some of the underlying mechanisms of non-orthogonal multiple access, and most of the math still seems like magic. But, I still thoroughly enjoyed his take and his explanations for everything. Hopefully, it will help demystify how radio signals work for the people who think tech like 4G and 5G are basically black magic.

Just out of curiosity, what’s your job?

@@michaelkawwa88 he’s a salesman at T-Mobile lol

@@michaelkawwa88 hdech layks

The description says that the episode was written by Sam himself (the narrator). I saw someone say the other day that at some point Sam said he was an engineer.

Yeah the video he made about cyber warfare (which, while I’m not military / not a threat intel person I was a pentester and now a SOC architect) was pretty amazingly accurate for a video made by non-experts. Really made me appreciate their work even more, these videos are incredible quality.

The brilliance of this channel is that it's created by Sam. The narrator.

Yes, and maybe explain yagi-udas

@@Damindeater I'd love to be able to see it broken down so well. im sure there's probably already videos out there, but i rarely go searching for them. i just watch what pops into my sub box

I challenged him to make the same thing but for MRI... So yeah basically the same thing :P

Thats sounds more like a Veritasium video

this guy went to schoool for this but he still learn new things from this video. mindblowing 🤯

CGP grey would be proud 😂

Humans didn't create none of this.. it was given by the creator of this simulation.

This complexity is why I've told people that it's a miracle that WIFI and cell phones work at all, much less as well as they do. Several people have said, "That just means you don't understand it". I understand the protocols and math, it just feels magical to see it in action. It's like a well executed magic trick. I may know how they did it, but I can still be impressed by how well they did it.

@@atk05003 "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." - Clarke's law. Magic is present in our everyday lives

Could not agree more!

Yeah... 5G would be a bit much to explain, this one topped out at 2G and everyone knows how much it has advanced since.

this guy should explain the evolution of Data Compression so people can understand more fully what the cell network does

There was infrared and radio radiation. I couldn't see it, but it was there.

Thank you! Why I have to scroll so long for this?

That is very interesting! So the frequency of the full cycle must have been within human hearing ranges. If that's the case, that means data was packed so efficiently as to allow a ~1/1,000,000* compression rate compared to analog! *Used toy numbers of a 1GHz carrier wave and a 1kHz transmission rate (the one that causes the audio interference)

so THAT'S what that sound was when you would get an sms

@@icannotfly Yup

@@icannotfly or just before a call came in.

I get that noise with LTE too (my phone does not have CDMA and only functions on the LTE network for Verizon).

I came here to say this as well. I wonder what other critical errors were made in this.

A trivial error and does not materially detract from the outstanding presentation. VHF is 30 to 300 MHz. UHF is 300 MHz to 3 GHz. But in some application areas a different definition is used. E.g., the 225 MHz to 400 MHz military aeronautical band is often called "UHF".

Yeah, it's like the slice you take off an apple that got dropped. Mostly still edible, but some parts.... yech.

@@zenithparsec like the first part where he pretended that an LCD was a laser... Still great for a layperson though.

College professors do their work alone, have little to no budget to produce a video with this quality, barely have any knowledge on graphics/UX design, and, most importantly, have dozens of other roles in their department (administrative, research, mentoring, etc.) beyond teaching. Tbh I hope colleges evolve after this pandemic is over to allow that online learning and professionally-made content like this can be used more frequently when teaching instead of forcing professors to keep reinventing the wheel.

this kind of information will never prepare you to solve practical problems in the domain though, it's just a layman's explanation. Training someone to actually synthesize this kind of information is much harder.

It's important to note that everything covered in this video is just the surface of how telecoms work. An undergraduate class would easily cover 100× the amount of information, because working out all the little details, how they work, why they work, and then proving correctness & optimality take a lot of time to teach and even more to digest. Now repeat for every single step in the process. Just explaining the spreading codes itself could easily span several hours of lecture at depth. "How does the formula work, how does it scale, and what edits could be made to enhance certain attributes? How do we deal with errors? What limitations exist, what can be done about it, and why? Now mathematically prove all of the above from scratch." It's unfair to ask professors to teach all that, yet compare their lectures' digestibility with what is essentially the summary on the back of the book.

I thought you were taught race theory or gender studies 99% of the time in college or university nowadays.

@@MasterBlaster3545 not at all

"It's not just a scam." Yeah, like text messages that cost anything. Or contracts on overpriced devices. Or enormous roaming fees on what is essentially free radio signals. Yes, the terms actually have meanings. The same people who convince you to pay so much every month came up with them, and it's the pricing which is the scam.

@@zenithparsec radio waves are free… but building and operating the infrastructure to transmit them is not 🤦🏻‍♂️

Birds are real

@@rcnhsuailsnyfiue2 still, roaming fees are crap. The fact that Verizon charges $10 per day to use data in Europe is ridiculous, when the only thing that’s changed is that I’m now pinging someone else’s tower. I get they have to negotiate usage contracts, but maybe the way to solve that is making cell towers open access, meaning any phone company should be able to use any tower, and then either the government foots the bill for new towers or the companies divide the cost between them. That would actually work out better for most companies as they’d have less operational expenses. I don’t want to dive into the depths of this idea here, but that basis is what I think should be the future for cell towers, if we need cell towers in the future. The way it’s looking, we’ll be sending the majority of our data via satellite soon, and the cell towers won’t matter so much anymore. If I remember correctly, that’s part of why Google Fi has no roaming fees; they operate some of their transmissions via satellites, meaning you can connect to their network from almost anywhere.

LMFAO

LMFAO

Making the cells smaller is fine, but it's also very expensive, since that requires installing a lot more cell towers. In addition to just the hardware and operational cost, there are a limited number of sites suitable for cell tower installation. Such location must be elevated, accessible by maintenance operators, suitably priced, don't have objections from locals (don't become an eyesore, etc). If you just make the cells smaller, the remaining suitable installation sites can become really expensive really quickly, so it's still worthwhile to find out ways to transmit more data within the same channel.

@@yvrelna It's not as expensive as you might think, in urban areas there's already plenty of readily available places to stick a base station. It can be as simple as bolting a small grey box with a couple of antennae to a wall on a tall building, or a lamp post, and running an ethernet or fiber optic cable to a network switch. Smaller cells don't tend to need to connect to a lot of devices over a great distance, so they can be low power, and transmission attenuation from the device can minimise overlap. Of course data compression and multiplexing is always good, because it's still cheaper than building more base stations, but especially in urban areas with the latest technology, it's not a massive expense to add extra base stations.

@@Croz89 Installing the station itself might not be expensive, but more hardware means more complicated maintenance operations. Getting entry permissions, deploying maintenance workers, scheduling/deploying equipment for working at heights, etc, they all can add up. If you only need to deploy small number of cell towers, these are much less of a problem since you will have many other alternatives if a certain site proves unsuitable for any reason. But as you increase the density of cell towers you're installing, these expenses becomes a lot more important as you'll have to settle with less than ideal locations. You can no longer afford to be too picky with your site selection.

@@yvrelna Less than ideal isn't so much of a problem when you're dealing with relatively cheap equipment. If it breaks, you send someone to swap the whole unit out and it gets repaired in a workshop rather than on site. In terms of heights, anyone who can use a scissor lift would be able to service most of them. Others just need access to a roof.

In 5G only the beamformed incoming data is fast at hundred of MB/s while the uploads from the user's cellphone is only at standard speed at few MB/s. Just try watch reviews of 5G for 5G phone and you can sort of figure out the answer for what you are asking.

Where do you work?