How does Mercury's orbit prove General Relativity?
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День томуWhen Einstein proposed his new theory of gravity in 1915 - his theory of General Relativity that massive objects curve space - he came up with three ways of testing his theory. One of those ways was whether it could properly predict the orbit of Mercury, which up until then, no theory of gravity had been able to do. So why is Mercury's orbit so odd?
Measuring the speed of light with marshmallows in a microwave: physicamechanica.wordpress.co...
Galle (1846) - articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Le Verrier (1859) - articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Swift (1878) - articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Einstein (1915) - www.kritik-relativitaetstheor...
Schwarzschild (1916) - articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
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👩🏽💻 Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk
@DrBecky 4 роки тому
Whoops! Seems like I misspoke about how GPS works towards the end of this video. Your phone doesn’t send a signal to satellites, it only receives them. Thanks to everyone who pointed this out in the comments already 👍 Also to those who pointed out perihelion is Greek not Latin - but we’ve always known language isn’t my forte 🤪
@calinculianu 4 роки тому
You also mis-spoke about the origin of the word "perihelion". It's 100% a Greek word. If it were Latin it would be "proxisolis". It's not Latin.. Becky. :)
@tonyelsom6382 4 роки тому
Who cares?..certainly not me 👍
@fazergazer 4 роки тому
A rose by any other name Would smell as sweet
@Gpcas9 4 роки тому
@calin To celebrate this information I'll open a can of "perri air" for you too ;-)
@Markle2k 4 роки тому
@@tonyelsom6382 "Who cares? " Literally every person who uses GPS and cares or wants to know how it actually works. "who cares?" is like saying "who cares that you don't actually project light out from your eyes to illuminate the world?"
@thestonewall30 4 роки тому
Einstein just drop the mic on the end of that paper
@DaveRoberts308 4 роки тому
Michael Steffan Exactly. “Peace, out, bitches.” 🤣
@pianoraves 3 роки тому
One of the biggest f*ng micdrops in history and noone got it. And i still don't get it 100 years later.
@elwoodzmake 3 роки тому
@Enter the Bragn’ Spacetime is just a result of Gravity. Frankly, we need it, you know to wake up and stuff...
@elwoodzmake 3 роки тому
@Enter the Bragn’ you're not entirely wrong, but you don't understand why, that's the funny part. :D
@jjsamuelgunn1136 3 роки тому
Blackhole: Hold my beer
@carrickrichards2457 Рік тому
I've heard this put as "Einstein destroyed the planet 'Vulcan' with just the power of his mind. Le Verrier found Neptune with just the power of his!". I do love how the film 'Einstein and Eddington' shows how the proofs were worked out. It gives Planck his proper credit too. Thank you for bringing this to life
@craigfowler7098 9 місяців тому
Shows what a genius Einstein was. Very interesting and detailed overview of his theory and first proof.
@chrisray1567 4 роки тому
Science history is my favorite kind of history. Thanks for taking the time to make these types of videos. I love them!
@Reziac 4 роки тому
It's actually a really good way to understand the science, since we get to see it develop from nothing to the where it is today.
@Reziac 4 роки тому
No, not much patience for reading about it, would rather see it like this. But sounds like a good book, I'll keep an eye out for it, thanks.
@chrisray1567 4 роки тому
@4one14 I have read it. Actually, I think I listened to it as an audio book. Either way, it was excellent and is a book that I often recommend to others as well.
@ejmtv3 3 роки тому
except the science history of Medicine which is a very dark and scary journey
@jwaustinmunguy 2 роки тому
I love astrophysics but how can it be better than the ncessant beheading of kings and queens in English history?
@Fenristhegreat 4 роки тому
Nothing could have prepared me for the Avril Lavigne smash cut.
@nathanlewis42 4 роки тому
How about a warning that it was coming?
@Fenristhegreat 4 роки тому
I wouldn't have believed it.
@xilnes7166 4 роки тому
yup but its so avril...
@JDAxonn 4 роки тому
Not even reading this comment from the start prepared me for it...
@ChristianStran 4 роки тому
Hahahahahahahahahahahah 😂🤣
@murasaki848 Рік тому
16:21 For the younger viewers, the song she's singing is "Where You Lead" by Carole King, from her Tapestry album (1971). Carole King was an awesome songwriter, and that album won 4 Grammys including Album of the Year, as well as going 14x platinum by selling 30 million copies and having covers done by other singers such as James Taylor ("You've Got a Friend") that also charted, some that were released previously but Carole King co-wrote (Shirelles "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow").
@steveokay8810 3 роки тому
This is the first time I feel I've gotten a complete walkthrough of what the whole problem with Mercury and how it was resolved esp. WRT the speed of light. Lots of other pop-science books, videos, TV episodes, etc. always wash over some bit of it and are just like "Oh, there was an error and it couldn't be resolved because Newton was wrong and then along came Einstein and fixed it..." So, thanks for getting in those minor but very important details.
@jimmarshall2757 4 роки тому
Hi Becky, four years ago I had a stroke and lost 54 years of astronomy knowledge, after a lot of work I have regained quite a large amount of it , can I say this has been one of the best tutorials I have listened to in years. Nice clear speech at an easy pace in simple terms. I do have one question, whenever we talk about space-time it is always shown as a funnel in a flat plain, a spherical object in space-time is more like a ball in a block of jelly, it's effect on space-time is more liken to a field around any object with mass. Or have I forgotten something again. Once again, love your talk, more please.
@DrBecky 4 роки тому
Jim I’m so glad I could help you reconnect again. All the best for your continued recovery. Your right that all the visualisations we see are in 2D rather than the 3D it should be. I love your metaphor of a block in jelly! Unfortunately representing that with the curvature clearly on a 2D image is very difficult
@jimmarshall2757 4 роки тому
Dr. Becky, thank you for your reply, when I started to relearn I started to remember the thing I had learnt at school in the 60s and 70s, I went back to Carolyn Crawford's lectures and lost the plot, I realised most of the thing learnt at school where Newtonian and not Einsteinian,, 😂😂😂 I have so many question on Space-tine, dark matter, dark energy, the expansion of the known Universe. May I contact you when I get stuck or hit a wall. Once again thank you so much for your reply. 👍
@spvillano Рік тому
@@jimmarshall2757 it'd be much easier to visualize if we had full holographic moving displays. Well, for everyone else, that @#*! cataract would just make me see double... :/ I had the other eye done a while ago, they used an uncoated synthetic lens and now I can actually perceive a fair bit into UV. Although, I did consider holding out for a full body transplant...
@partymetroid Рік тому
See "A new way to visualize General Relativity" by ScienceClic English
@dimasgomez Рік тому
Man, I will avoid complaining to be lazy or late to studies I lost during the years. If you can go through it all again, also can I learn whatever I haven't yet in this life. You inspire me, sir. 🙏
@BillMSmith 4 роки тому
Science science science science science SPIROGRAPH! science science science science science science science science MARSHMALLOWS! science science science... This is why Dr Becky is a great communicator. There's always going to be some fun thrown in.
@davidtoddhoward 4 роки тому
Excellent video on Mercury's importance in proving General Relativity.. Really cleared up some details for me. So glad I found your channel.. Thanks so much! 😀
@DrBecky 4 роки тому
Glad you enjoyed it Todd 👍
@hjsalvage2 4 роки тому
RELATIVITY was created because NO EXPERIMENT EVER DONE WAS ABLE TO PROVE THAT EARTH IS IN MOTION. RELATIVITY IS TOTAL HARRY POTTER 🐂🐂🐂🐂💩💩💩💩🤣🤣. N MERCURY IS ILUMANARY Watch "Stars are NOT what you think they are! Expectation vs. Reality" on UKposts ukposts.info/have/v-deo/pJ1znGOOkbCbqps.html
@hjsalvage2 4 роки тому
Satellites SUPPOSEDLY fly at 17500 or faster. So before a signal could receive or send. It would be out of range. So satellites actually float. Look up satellite falls in farm..an sec. GPS is ground based
@truthislam6481 4 роки тому
@@hjsalvage2 Beware of UKposts science! Oops sorry, Dr. Becky!
@samuelhmullins2170 3 роки тому
I like @Dr. Becky too, I'm just not feeling her explanation yet. I simply need to watch other/more teachings, and hope she'll understand. She could almost start a religion, as fine as all that is.
@amasaro70 2 роки тому
Dr. Becky is one of those rare astrophysists who are very good at explaining abstract concepts. As a keen follower of astronomy, I find I can almost anticipate her next sentence. For this, I love her.
@GameChanger-qi1uo 4 роки тому
As much as I love learning from you, your out takes at the end and your singing makes the whole video seem like a perfect circle. Complete!
@sethsims7414 4 роки тому
GPS receivers only listen. The satellites are screaming out what time their extremely accurate clocks say it is. The receiver compares all the times it's hearing to get the distance. It actually needs a minimum of 4 satellite locks, it's solving for x,y,z and the actual time where it is. That's why GPS receivers are some of the best clocks an average person can use. They are listening to atomic clocks orbiting above our heads.
@AthAthanasius 4 роки тому
They 'scream out' both their idea of the current time *and* their position. Part of the maintenance of the GPS system is keeping very precise track of where each satellite is so it can be told this to pass it on. In an apocalypse scenario the GPS system would degrade. I've no idea just how quickly, but suspect that after a few decades it would likely be unusable for positioning (but would still be a good time source). That's assuming satellites would still be active of course. I've not looked at the details, but there's likely some scary looking math that allows a GPS receiver to take all the time signals it receives to work out a good idea of the current time to then compare to each sender to actually work out the position. You don't have an atomic clock in your smartphone after all.
@sethsims7414 4 роки тому
@@AthAthanasius yea I didn't mention the ephemeris (though I can't spell that word without looking it up), if we're really being specific the satellites mostly scream TICK, TICK, TICK, and only transmit the full time every few seconds, and their tracks every so often. The ground tracking stations update the GPS's ephemeris data pretty often from what I remember. Though I don't know either how long you could trust them without the update. The trilateration math wouldn't be that bad if you could trust the ranges you get from the signals. But there's a lot of sources of noise as they move through the atmosphere and bounce off buildings. A lot of the complexity is trying to correct for those errors. I heard the next round of GPS is going to be using multiple frequencies to allow the biggest source of error from the atmosphere to be measured and corrected. I think the projections are that we can get something like centimeter accuracy from the new system. You can do that with the current system if you have two close by GPS receivers. One isn't moving and it transmits corrections to the signals knowing that it isn't moving.
@kingblondie7075 4 роки тому
@@AthAthanasius some of them scream out "I am in great pain, please help"
@quamrana 4 роки тому
They may be screaming out the time, but down here it is a whisper in a hurricane!
@anssihakkarainen5726 4 роки тому
@@sethsims7414 They scream Pseudo Random Noise...
@YouTuber-mc2el 8 місяців тому
I understood all that you said...every word with complete clarity. I enjoyed the depth at which you took the subject. The presentation you put forth was exceptional without fault. No stumbling, no uhhs, no noticeable tripping of any kind. Very well Done. Then you had to include the edits and burst my bubble LOL.Thank you very much.
@toddarmstrong1167 Рік тому
I have told you before how much I love your videos and your singing. Can't wait for the album.
@clemstevenson 4 роки тому
Thanks to Albert Einstein, you now know what time it is when Cambridge arrives at your train.
@oopfpa 3 роки тому
I think it will take a lot more than Einstein to predict British Rail service.
@clemstevenson 3 роки тому
@@oopfpa You can confidently predict that the result of the experiment will not match with the predicted value.
@labaguette2728 3 роки тому
I started traveling close to the speed of light right as this comment was posted. Now, only a few seconds later, I can post my response
@johnkanai4106 3 роки тому
Elementary...
@clemstevenson 3 роки тому
@@johnkanai4106 Times they are a-changing :-)
@danieloneal7137 4 роки тому
I do love the old-timey headlines ... “Men of science more or less agog”
@steve1978ger 4 роки тому
LIGHTS ALL ASKEW IN THE HEAVENS But Nobody Need Worry. This made me think of H.P. Lovecraft and it's actually the period where he came up with his "cosmic horrors".
@camurgo 4 роки тому
Just found your channel. Loved it instantly. Everything so well explained! Keep up the good work!
@nicholashuff4198 Рік тому
Your whimsical attention to accurate articulation is adorable. 😘
@keppela1 4 роки тому
Thanks! Getting clear on the connection between Mercury's orbit and gen. relativity has been on my bucket list for years!
@danaborgman8526 4 роки тому
I love these videos! You get all the interesting stories without having to memorize everything for an exam afterwards!
@mikesnyder1788 Рік тому
I have read several accounts of Einstein and his Mercury fixation and, now, finally, I kinda sorta understand! Thanks, Dr. Becky for yet another clear explanation on a complicated point of physics. Love your work!!!
@AdamBurstein 3 роки тому
Love your videos. Thanks so much for doing them and for making physics accessible to the masses.
@timothymarchant9079 4 роки тому
Thanks Becky. I've been grappling with flat earthers so I came here to restabilise my sanity. :)
@JLukeHypernova 4 роки тому
It's best to just not even engage them.
@nathanlewis42 4 роки тому
@@JLukeHypernova I find that sending them images of satellite dishes and asking if they have ever seen one works pretty well. They don't have a comeback that can't easily be knocked down and in my experience they tend to go quiet after that.
@302Diane 4 роки тому
@@nathanlewis42 You seem to have encountered remarkably submissive flat-Earthers. In my experience, they never go quiet.
@nathanlewis42 4 роки тому
Diane Miller maybe but try sending them a link to pictures of satellite dishes and ask if they have ever seen them on houses. Only one replied and said high altitude balloons and I pointed out that balloons move with the wind so the dishes wouldn’t have to move all around. I never heard back after that.
@robertb7293 4 роки тому
/Pretending that someone totally tagged me in for trolling flerfers. They tend to get reduced to butt hurt mumbling quick enough if you can deconstruct the uses they have for their beliefs. Not easy, but I've deconverted a few. So yeah. It's possible. Did you know that you can track latitude, and locate the Earths poles, just by measuring the shadows on the moon? Turns out that someone who can locate their position on Earth, in the dark, without equipment is a pretty impressive flex to a person who can't operate a sheet of paper. The real challenge is to finish the demonstration before they block you.
@Dappdude 4 роки тому
I've never heard this problem explained so well, great video Becky!
@herblapp 4 роки тому
Today she is the best popularist of astronomy and keeps getting better.
@cortster12 4 роки тому
I honestly found it a bit confusing. I still don't understand the physical phenomena that causes it to happen, just the math behind it. What about curving space makes this different?
@JustMeinYoutube 4 роки тому
Seems UKposts has improved its recommendations algorithm! I just subscribed! Thank you Dr. Becky for your excellent videos! And you sing beautifully as well 🙂
@madhavsharma6643 Рік тому
thanks dr. becky the way you explain and carry the video on and the images and gifs you show and how u explain really are a sign of a pro. I haven't really found a channel like yours where a PhD explains physics like that detailed
@TheFeltbegone 4 роки тому
For as many times that I've heard Mercury's orbit mentioned in relation to relativity, this is the first time I have seen that extra term mentioned. Also, I have heard of gravity and speed affecting GPS, but had not heard it explained as a gravitational red shift. Super clear and interesting. Thank you for that.
@AthAthanasius 4 роки тому
Whilst this gravitational redhsift will indeed be affecting the signals from the satellites (Becky made an oops in saying GPS devices ping the satellites, they don't, they're just passive listeners), I thought the major reason that General Relativity has to be taken into account is that the clocks on the satellites will run it a faster rate than those down here on Earth (as we're deeper in the gravitational well so experience some GR time dilation). Of course the satellites are also orbiting at a relatively high speed so a experience a little *Special* Relitavistic time dilation as well, but it's less than the inverse effect from GR time dilation so they do run faster. There's a neat graph of the combination of these two effects on Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation#Experimental_confirmation
@MrLaptopus 4 роки тому
@@AthAthanasius Wrong on both counts
@colinp2238 4 роки тому
@@AthAthanasius Wiki states that it is not an accurate site and is open to amendments.
@Joe-pz7cg 4 роки тому
I just stumbled onto your channel and I love it! If I can make a request, can you do a video on the lagrange points? I can find a few that describe where they are and that L4 and L5 are stable, but not why. I know very basic orbital mechanics (thank you kerbal space program) and I'm not seeing the math. Please don't stop making videos. 🤩
@jimarnn1938 3 роки тому
Loved the bit at the end of you checking your pronunciation, facts etc. Makes you very ralatable! I also love the enthusiasm in your presentations... doesn't seem like you have to rehearse that bit at all!
@michatarnowski580 7 днів тому
A very good video; very informed and gap-filling. The only thing I miss here is a brief summary at the end, e.g. with a timeline: 1. Le Verrier observes Mercury's precession (A) of the perihelion and predicts Vulcan; 2. Einstein predicts the gravitational redshift (B); 3. Einstein predicts the bending of starlight (C); 4. Einstein explains Mercury's oribt (A); 5. Schwarzschild explains it more precisely (A); 6. Eddington observes the bending of starlight, making Einstein famous (C); 7. D.M. Popper observes the gravitational redshift (B); 8. General Relativity is applied to GPS. I would also love to know if this effect has been predicted or observed for other objects as well.
@olly5764 4 роки тому
looked up the Marshmallow in a microwave experiment, WOW, that's straight forward, I'll be trying that with my friend's twin sons in a couple of years!
@roblouw1344 3 роки тому
Dr Becky, I have only just viewed this excellent video. As you mentioned the clocks on the GPS satellites run faster than those on earth because of the reduced effects of gravity at their altitude. Special relativity also has a role to play. Because the satellites are travelling so fast their clocks run slower relative to us on earth. The general relativistic effect is however greater than the special relativistic effect. So the net result is that the satellite clocks are still running fast than clocks on earth.
@StinkyCashFlatEarth 2 роки тому
Tell me your brainwashed without telling me you’re brainwashed
@WilliamAndySmith-Romaq 2 роки тому
I recall seeing a page somewhere that explained in Layman's terms the interplay between "clocks on earth appear faster because of the gravity well" vs "clocks in the GPS fleet appear faster relative to clocks on earth because of their speed of travel in orbit". I recall reading the two effects "not quite cancel one another out, but close." I don't recall the gravitational redshift on the signals themselves even being considered. This "interplay of effects on GPS" seems like something that Dr. Becky might do as a follow up episode. I wish I could locate that link I read.
@AndreSomers 2 роки тому
Her explanation was also wrong in the sense that phones or other receivers don’t ping the satellites. They just, well, receive the signals the satellites are emitting constantly.
@WilliamAndySmith-Romaq 2 роки тому
@@AndreSomers Yup... She mentioned that fairly quickly in the comments.
@AndreSomers 2 роки тому
@@WilliamAndySmith-Romaq oh, sorry, missed that comment.
@Varma414 3 роки тому
Today is Friday and this is the first Video I am watching and starting my day. I appreciate Your time and work Dr. Smethurst. Keep on going with speed of light(AU)🤩
@ZoltanF1LH 4 роки тому
I loved your vids on 60symbols, I'm glad I found your channel! 😊
@graphosxp 4 роки тому
"In Space, No One Can Hear You...." Sing!
@marcuschauvin7039 4 роки тому
No one can smell your farts either!
@ChrisPage68 4 роки тому
@@marcuschauvin7039 Soace smells like burnt toast, apparently.
@graphosxp 4 роки тому
@@marcuschauvin7039 Huh? Gas CAN travel through space. In fact if you have enough flatulence filling a volume of outer space it will carry sound waves. Let's compare! "Earth's atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.03% carbon dioxide with very small percentages of other elements." "A typical breakdown of the chemical composition of farts is: Nitrogen: 20-90% Hydrogen: 0-50% (flammable) Carbon dioxide: 10-30% Oxygen: 0-10% Methane: 0-10% (flammable)" "What Is a Fart Made Of?" : www.thoughtco.com/chemical-composition-of-farts-608409
@ZeedijkMike 4 роки тому
@@marcuschauvin7039 : Professor Farnsworth have made a "Smelloscope" (-:
@CaptWesStarwind 4 роки тому
I want to like this comment, but since it currently has 42 likes, I'll wait.
@mcnultyssobercompanion6372 4 роки тому
Another really great, informative video. Lovely work. I am once again *a little* smarter than I was 15 minutes ago. Thank you. :)
@coeur8042 3 роки тому
Intelligence has nothing to do with information!
@dawienel1142 Рік тому
Been watching your videos for quite some time and I just have to say you're amazing, keep doing what you are doing, and keep the singing and blurps at the end. God Bless :-)
@Wacoal34d Рік тому
Love your lively and informative videos Becky! You are a breath of fresh air in this otherwise stodgy area.
@MuMuKuh 4 роки тому
"The Hunt for Vulcan" is a great read on everything covered in this Video
@jacobvandijk6525 4 роки тому
Very well done, Becky! Lovely presentation. I like the enthousiastic look in your eyes. Just great! By the way, you are the first English speaking person on UKposts who pronounces Schwarzschild correctly ;-)
@tarlach1280x960 4 роки тому
I simply love your videos... eloquent explained.
@ronakpathak8376 Рік тому
A very thorough video and very easy to follow explanation. Enjoyed watching it!
@SigEpBlue 4 роки тому
Missing the obligatory Spock when you mentioned Vulcan. ;)
@ChrisPage68 4 роки тому
Highly illogical, Captain.
@ryanbrewer4785 4 роки тому
@@ChrisPage68 thumbs up
@danuttall 4 роки тому
That fictional Vulcan around another star was named after the imaginary Vulcan around our star.
@bottlekruiser 4 роки тому
Live long and prosper
@JimWarp93 4 роки тому
And I missed the fitting Back to the Future snippet
@NewGoldStandard 4 роки тому
Great video, thanks. I'm always fascinated with the real-world applications for general relativity. It makes something that would otherwise be very abstract more concrete.
@sagsgalaxia7627 3 роки тому
Wow your energy while describing it. Amazing. Thanks for explaining it so clearly.
@billoetjen 4 роки тому
This pushes all the other presentations back. Most excellent.
@bsandy1212 4 роки тому
To me this is the best line of the Movie "Apollo 13" JIM LOVELL "- Okay, Houston. It leaves us with just the computer which I'm shutting down now... And that's it... (to CREW) We just put Sir Isaac Newton in the driver's seat.".... [END QUOTE] To me is the coolest line of the movie because Isaac Newton is driving the Apollo 13 from a book first published in 213 earlier. That's immortality!!! The second best line was from Jim Lovell's mother. BLANCH LOVELL (to SUSAN) "- Are you scared? Well, don't you worry, honey. If they could get a washing machine to fly, my Jimmy could land it." ;-)
@allangibson8494 4 роки тому
The LM was about a close as NASA has got to launching a washing machine.....
@samarvora7185 3 роки тому
Brilliant. Absolutely brilliant.
@rylian21 4 роки тому
I love this stuff. I'm a layman, so while the specific math eludes me, I can grasp the concepts when they're explained to me so well.
@fredb2022 2 роки тому
Ditto. The equations do not speak to me any more than if the text was presented in Latin or Greek.
@mohanpathak 3 роки тому
So useful and so full of knowledge. There's so much to learn here. Thanks for creating this video!
@SG-op6nc Рік тому
Awesome explanation. So clear and concise. Well done Dr. Becky 👏
@TheDisabledGamersChannel 4 роки тому
You should have a singing channel as well, you've got such a lovely voice.
@jacksonstarky8288 4 роки тому
I was thinking something similar. I love the singing outtakes. I think Dr. Becky should record some astronomy / cosmology songs.
@TheDisabledGamersChannel 4 роки тому
@@jacksonstarky8288 That'd be pretty cool.
@PixelatedPenfold 3 роки тому
@@jacksonstarky8288 How about the Monty Python Galaxy Song? Even Stephen Hawking covered that one.
@jacksonstarky8288 3 роки тому
@@PixelatedPenfold Yes!
@pokalorentz9363 3 роки тому
Dr Beckey could take some inspiration from Sabine Hossenfelder. She's a quantum physicist with her own singing channel
@LeutnantJoker 4 роки тому
Wow, Vulcan is a lot closer than I always thought it was... ;)
@jaygee6738 3 роки тому
IGNORE THOSE IDIOTS!!!
@freeflycoffey 2 роки тому
Love your work Dr. Becky. Keep it up 😎
@GaryWrightUtah 3 роки тому
I always love the bloopers at the end. Even if I don't understand all the other stuff real well, I get a laugh at your bloopers ... your awesome.
@essaboselin5252 4 роки тому
This mathematician will forgive your "divide by infinity" comment just because of the cute Pluto crying image. It'll always be a planet in my heart.
@Restilia_ch 4 роки тому
Don't evict Sailor Pluto!
@huverdoose 4 роки тому
Dwarf planets are planets also, and deserve the same rights and respect afforded to other planets.
@essaboselin5252 4 роки тому
@@huverdoose I wonder if professional astronomers know they're fighting an uphill battle with the general public over Pluto? It's wild how attached people are to the idea that it is a planet. It's not like anyone has ever visited it; it's not like you can spot it with the naked eye (or even a cheap home telescope.) I do agree with Dr. Becky's colleague, Dr. Merrifield, that it's a bit moot how you classify it. Nothing about Pluto has changed because of the new designation. And astronomy is known for some vague definitions - planemos anyone? Having said all that: Cleared orbit, schmeared orbit! Pluto is a planet! :-)
@huverdoose 4 роки тому
@@essaboselin5252 I live about a half hour from Clyde Tombaugh's hometown, so nearly everyone in my area takes it personally. I don't, but it's sometimes fun to pretend.
@rainrope5069 4 роки тому
11:36 Cliff Stoll is an astronomer too, I feel like he'll be kinder than the math professors
@LeoStaley 4 роки тому
Cliff stoll is earth's greatest treasure.
@irrelevant_noob 3 роки тому
And anyway she's not really wrong... Dividing any finite number by infinity can give NO OTHER RESULT than zero. It's not a singularity, not even an undefined term. The only caveat would be if the value would be merely "NEAR-infinite" and not an "actual" infinity, but that's really not worth griping about. :-B
@RogerRosenquist 4 роки тому
OK, I'm hooked. Enjoyed the random text overlays and out-takes.
@Mrmohit2711 3 роки тому
Thank you...that mercury part was so educative...looking forward to more such content
@cristiangamboa2037 4 роки тому
Thanks a lot for this video, I tired of pseudo astrologist trying to tell me how Mercury will affect my life. Finally someone tells me something rational about it.
@hareecionelson5875 4 роки тому
Aren't all astrologers pseudo-astrologers? Astronomer or astrophysicist is the scientific name. Astrology is woo woo
@cristiangamboa2037 4 роки тому
@@hareecionelson5875 Astrology is pure ignorance, that why I appreciate when someone says something about Mercury's orbit that is based on science.
@jeffwells1255 3 роки тому
The practice of astrology should be treated as the obvious fraud that it is and treated as such by the legal system. While we're at it we should include as many other frauds in there, such as homeopathy and especially religion!
@jimr8552 4 роки тому
Can you imagine just how far Einstein could have gone if he had the technology of today?
@dach829 4 роки тому
@NowTV how so?
@wishusknight3009 4 роки тому
@@dach829 Because NowTV is a flatard.
@jeffwells1255 3 роки тому
I present to you Professor Stephen Hawking.
@user-li7ec3fg6h Рік тому
Hi doc becky, you did a great job explaining that. Many, many thanks! Once again! And on top of that so charming as always. Looking forward to more such good explanations! (Showing the little mistakes with the shots at the end are great too. I think it's so great that all this is not a problem, because it's about more important things and the human is just part of us. Scientists and spacenerds show us again and again how much is feasible if we leave out the destructive and divisive stuff :-). All the best from Berlin, Germany
@Leap_of_Faithhh 3 роки тому
You are so much fun to watch and to listen to. Thank you! ❤️🙏
@Tanis161 4 роки тому
Have you ever considered doing Star Talk with Neil? I would love to hear you two blow our minds.
@herblapp 4 роки тому
Maybe Becky has. But l'd suspect he wouldn't since he'd benout classed and certainly out shined!!
@jeffwells1255 3 роки тому
@@herblapp Oh, I doubt that Dr Tyson's ego would be the least bit threatened by that since he loves a challenge and is no kind of an egomaniac anyway, although some might think so due to his enthusiasm.
@Hal2718 4 роки тому
And as it turns out, Mercury is most often the closest planet to Earth... and every other planet.
@DrBecky 4 роки тому
Yes! I loved that recent video by CGP Grey
@feynstein1004 4 роки тому
We're top chicken
@TommentSection 4 роки тому
Not quite, actually. It is on average the closest to every other planet in the Solar System, but it is most often the closest only for the inner planets :)
@Hal2718 4 роки тому
@@TommentSection No, it's true for the outer planets also. Usually, they're *vastly* farther away from each other than they are each from the sun therefore, Mercury will most often be the closest.
@TommentSection 4 роки тому
@@Hal2718 But the question of which is closest at any given time is highly dependent on which objects are considered. As we go farther out, more planets get in the way so that it become increasingly rare for Mercury to ever be closest. Watch CGPGrey's follow up video on it. He shows the numbers.
@fredb2022 2 роки тому
Nicely done, Doctor. Appreciate the presentation (without the equations).
@petertaylor2246 Рік тому
I do love your passion, and you are gifted. I play my guitar and glance at my screen without listening because I understand you. Beautiful.
@denomsolis4171 4 роки тому
Ooooh you have a lovely singing voice ! :D
@luudest 4 роки тому
9:40 Does this extra term explain a „new“ physical process in comparison with the Newtonian model? What is the physical explanation of this term???
@sleepy314 4 роки тому
Game Changer _ yes, curved spacetime
@mursie100 4 роки тому
It's just that the closer you get to the gravitational center of a massive object, the less gravity acts like a force, and more like a curvature/stretching of the fabric of space around that object. You know how they say that if our sun instantly turned into a back hole, planetary orbits will not be affected... But if you decide to keep getting closer and closer to that black hole, space-time will get stretched deeper and deeper until it's infinitely stretched into a gravitational well. That "deeper" stretching of space-time as you get closer to a massive object's gravitational center, is what that "extra term" explains.
@Shenron557 4 роки тому
Dimensional analysis on the term does not give the dimensions of Force, Potential or Acceleration. It gives [length]^(-2), which is m^(-2) in SI units. I'm not aware of any physical quantity with those dimensions.
@zoltankurti 4 роки тому
@@Shenron557 curvature is 1/length^2.
@luudest 4 роки тому
mursie100 how does the „deeper stretching“ lead to the mercury perihelion precession?
@howarddelovitch1451 4 роки тому
OMG! Thank You! Finally , this has intrigued me for years now and nobody talks about this.
@paulthompson9668 4 роки тому
11:22 When x *equals* infinity, then anything divided by x *equals* zero. When x *tends to* infinity, then anything divided by x *tends to* zero.
@jameswood5357 4 роки тому
You can't divide by infinity idiot, y/(infinity) is undefined, not 0.
@302Diane 4 роки тому
Also, infinity isn't a number. You can't add it, multiply by it, or anything like that.
@paulthompson9668 4 роки тому
@@jameswood5357 So you're a communist?
@paulthompson9668 4 роки тому
@@302Diane At least you're respectful about your post. I was referring to infinity as a concept, which may be subjected to certain algebraic operations for example in nonstandard analysis.
@Skukkix23 4 роки тому
Schwarzschild pronounciation is almost right, but the "i" is the same as in "build".
@stuartajc8141 4 роки тому
Ironically it is "pronunciation" - the way a word is pronounced
@Skukkix23 4 роки тому
@@stuartajc8141 wow. And I thought German was hard, at least we have continuous rules
@stuartajc8141 4 роки тому
@@Skukkix23 English is crazy like that
@elevown 4 роки тому
@@stuartajc8141 English just proffers to go with 'whatever' lol. Its a case of just learning each one that differs as you come across them.
@fazergazer 4 роки тому
Skukkix23 most Germans prefer non-native speakers to pronounce German words in whichever regional specific language phonemes that speaker uses. So it is actually preferable to anglicize the German -child. Otherwise it is considered rude or creepy.
@mrigankamaulichakraborty7088 3 роки тому
A proper channel, very accurately described.
@miroslavmaklenov7022 2 роки тому
i love your videos! you make learning physics fun. When i heard your singing voice i thought wow she knows how to sing too not just physics and astronomy. multi talented
@LA-MJ 4 роки тому
GPS is passive. No pings are sent by our devices.
@e1123581321345589144 4 роки тому
How it works is that the satellites constantly broadcast their id and time, and given the known orbital characteristics the SW on the reviving device is capable of calculating it's location based on those parameters. note: due to it's highly acurate clocks GPS is used by a lot of institutions for time keeping as well.
@jursamaj 3 роки тому
I came looking for this comment. I'm amazed how few people seem to have caught that mistake. @@e1123581321345589144 Interestingly, LORAN, the predecessor of GPS was also used for time. For the same reason: it's a highly accurate clock system.
@Set_Get 3 роки тому
No, not by our devices, but apparently, each GPS satellite gets frequently updated/fed (their correct position, correct time,...) from the station located in northern US.
@diondixon3349 4 роки тому
You said that GPS triangulates, but it actually uses trilateration. :-)
@AthAthanasius 4 роки тому
Indeed. For those unaware, triangulatation use angles between things, which wouldn't be known in this case. Trilateration uses the distances from each known point to your position to work out your position.
@tectzas 4 роки тому
@@AthAthanasius I though the difference was that triangulation uses angles to pinpoint things on a 2D plane, whereas trilateration adds a 3rd dimension being height as well. Furthermore, the former uses literal triangles with a minimum of three points and the ladder uses at least 4 points with overlapping spheres. So where the spheres overlap is where you would be located. That being said you'd actually have two points where all spheres overlap but one of them is out in space so you can assume that's not where you are lol
@adbell3364 2 роки тому
Thank you for this! Believe or not, this question has haunted me for years....yes, really! "How is Mercury's orbit affected by General Relativity?" Your explanation has satisfied my curiosity. Thank you!
@ronaldbucchino1086 3 роки тому
Clear explanation -- and -- you have a lovely singing voice. Thank You
@HebaruSan 4 роки тому
3:50 - I cringe every time a diagram like this shows the "perihelion" farther away than the points 90 degrees around the orbit on the semiminor axis. It's odd how rarely astronomers apparently look at actual orbits.
@danieljensen2626 4 роки тому
Maybe this is a projection from like 45 degrees above the orbital plane instead of a true top down view. But more realistically whoever the word "perihelion" is pretty long so they scooted the sun out of the actual focus of the ellipse to make the diagram "look nicer".
@atanasiomugambi7975 4 роки тому
Just realized that mistake is made in almost all illustrations I have seen. Thanks. You are the modern einstein.
@mawage666 4 роки тому
It's just an exaggeration.
@valeriobertoncello1809 4 роки тому
Why wouldn't you complain about the relative sizes of Mercury and the sun then?
@BlueEyesWhiteTeddy 2 роки тому
@@valeriobertoncello1809 because if mercury is a good size then the sun is too big to properly get an orbit around it and if the sun is a good size then mercury is way too small. It cannot be done. But having the perihelion as the smallest distance from the sun can be done.
@glutinousmaximus 4 роки тому
... Perhaps the title might be a little more accurate with "How does Mercury _fail to disprove_ General Relativity". (You know what I mean :0) Another good presentation Dr Becky! Thanks.
@rbettsx 4 роки тому
This is not mere pedantry. It's at the heart of the scientific method. It always shocks me when even quite prominent scientists refer to 'proof' of theories. Einstein's theory is no more proved than Newton's, or Copernicus'. Guilty scientists should be made to sit in a corner and and read their Popper.
@RealLifeKyurem 4 роки тому
Rob42077 Hahaha, then you should stop using GPSs then or any positioning or realtime mapping systems for that matter (Google maps, Waze, etc.)
@theheadscout4356 3 роки тому
Thanks for sharing it so enthusiastically. Inspirational!
@ozzymandius666 4 роки тому
Very well done, just one little pedagogic point: Scientific theories are not proven, they simply become theories by virtue of predicting experimental results, before which they are only hypotheses. Scientific theories can only be proven wrong, or to be approximations of reality.
@themeatpopsicle 4 роки тому
"Stars Not Where They Seemed or Were Calculated to be, but Nobody Need Worry" is my next tattoo
@myothersoul1953 4 роки тому
7:40 Wait!! You're trying to tell me Spock comes from a planet the orbits closer to the sun than Mercury?
@myothersoul1953 3 роки тому
@CipiRipi00 Oh I see, that makes sense.
@jayaramanganapathi9385 3 роки тому
Thanks for sharing this knowledge. It provides a great perspective to GR. Had it not been for the mysterious mercury orbits, and Einstein's understanding, he would have found it difficult to prove GR at least for few years.
@usernname1 4 роки тому
I always have heard about this but never knew why. This was great. Thank you.
@JuanDomenech 4 роки тому
that "why should I care" song really woke me up... and my neighbours 😅
@joeb8248 4 роки тому
That music clip was so loud! Please equalize the volume.
@soumyadeepganguly3637 2 роки тому
Really enjoyed the explanation mam! recently discovered your channel, have already fallen in love!!!!🥰
@deborahkeesee7412 Рік тому
Dr B, your videos just keep getting better, enough so that I wonder if you could offer a collection of all of them either downloadable or on a CD. I have a four-year degree in Astronomy but jumped on the software bandwagon as it was exploding right around 1970, which was more attractive because I was getting rather tired of doing nothing but math just to pass the tests, some of which I eventually *didn't* pass, so something had to give! Software is mostly logic rather than computation so that fit me much better and I made a decent career out of it. But now, finally, I can do the math for fun and that made me better at it. Your videos especially have clarified one concept after another, to the point where I can jump on an error now and then and actually get thanked by a presenter, not that I've found any blunders on your part though. Getting familiar with General Relativity and how it made the Internet possible allowed me to get across to non-experts what incredible accomplishments like GPS really are and how we just might have still been figuring it out for decades, but we got lucky. Thanks again and the best of everything to you! Jeff (using a girlfriend's email)
@simongleaden2864 4 роки тому
Scientific theories cannot be proved, but they can be confirmed. One can only disprove a theory.
@dpsamu2000 4 роки тому
Observations not theories are confirmed by peers capable of taking the same steps an observer claimed he took to observe what he claims to observe. Theories are arguments that are convincing or not to peers capable of understanding them based on the quality of the observations supporting them. Only disproved by observation that doesn't match consequences predicted by theory.
@johngolombek61 4 роки тому
ok its official Dr. Becky and Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson my favorites for everything space and science. Cheers from cross the pond.
@LeutnantJoker 4 роки тому
Meh, these days Tyson loves the camera and hearing himself talking a bit too much for my taste. There's smarter scientists out there that are less in love with the camera and a bit more professional.
@JoeDeglman 4 роки тому
Both of them are my favorite sci-fi sources. Definitely since that sci-fi great Hawking passed away.
@swirvinbirds1971 4 роки тому
@@LeutnantJoker I think Tyson gets a little too much hate. The guy has a good sense of humor and does a good job of bringing science to the masses. Is he right about everything? No... But show me someone who is.
@gregbrockway4452 4 роки тому
John Golombek-You should check out: Isaac Arthur John Michael Godier Astrum Anton Petrov Scott Manley These are all most excellent science and astronomy UKposts channels.
@tonyelsom6382 4 роки тому
@@gregbrockway4452 Yes, spot on..no hate against NDT, just not my cuppa..
@Nabiry 3 роки тому
Really awesome video, and very well explained. Thank you 👌
@shailendramishra7438 3 роки тому
Nicely explained without need of animated visuals !
@terralakins7565 4 роки тому
I'm betting that the five "thumbs down" are all mathematicians. Lol. The rest of us still think you're awsome @drbecky
@Richardj410 4 роки тому
I think it is flatties who don't believe that space exists.
@goprojoe7449 4 роки тому
She simply doesn't know what she's talking about. I'm just an engineer educated in physics, and I can see that she does not have a PhD in her field.
@302Diane 4 роки тому
@@goprojoe7449 OK. I know I'm going to hate myself for asking, but what do you think she got wrong?
@whynottalklikeapirat 4 роки тому
Who is General Relativity? Did he win wars or does it depend on the observer?
@harshpratapsingh310 4 роки тому
Thanks for the Explanation!
@profphilbell2075 2 роки тому
Beautiful presentation
@cowboyfrankspersonalvideos8869 4 роки тому
"Because, physics is everything"
@feynstein1004 4 роки тому
Yay Fermilab reference :)
@jamesoliver6625 4 роки тому
Rein up cowboy - ukposts.info/have/v-deo/a6afnoSZnGud2nk.html
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