UPDATE: In 2019 Iceland stopped differentiating names on gender. This means that now any approved name can be given to anyone one regardless of gender. Apologies that this information only made itself present to me AFTER I made this video. Read more about it here: www.icelandreview.com/news/icelandic-names-will-no-longer-be-gendered/

Everyone: "Iceland's naming committee infringes on freedom of speech!" Elon Musk's kid: *I wish I had that when I was born.*

12:14 Presumably she'd be "Erik[s]dottir", not "Erikson"

I think, the name of the women would rather be Eriksdottir, not Eirkson.

I actually quite like that Iceland has such a rigid naming system, especially with the criterion that _"the name should not subject the named to harm or hardship"_ because I have heard some names.....

"Islandic has been described as the most conservative northern language, it still hast things like three genders, a variety of cases for nouns and a complicated verb system" Me: *nervous German noises*

Can’t wait to import the latest “Legend of” Nintendo game in Iceland!

4:00 as an Icelander, this is false. Yes it's impressive how similar the older and current Icelandic is and we can certainly sort of read trough the original text or understand singular words, but the language has changed over time and the language syntax is significantly different as well as certain different words being used now but not then as well as some used then but not now. You imply here that an Icelander could pick up pick up the old sagas and read them as they would a modern book and that's simply not true

A few corrections: most people in Iceland have middle names and additional first names is not a thing in Iceland, Leif is not a name in Iceland but Leifur is and Eriksson is not quite right either it would rather be Eiríksson, Goðleifur is not a name but Guðleifur is and guð meaning god, you are allowed to be named Alex and I know a few of them, we do have family names that some families have used through decades but it’s pretty rare, some people replace their last name (for example Eiríksson) completely with the family name but some put it after their last name, my family name is Hjörvar but I haven’t legally put it at the end of my name. This was a very good video and it only had minor errors. Most of the non Icelanders that try to explain this make a lot more errors than you did so don’t worry about it! All the other stuff was pretty spot on, well done!😃

I've heard lots stories of sweds going to Iceland and get weird looks for being a woman named "-son".

6:35 ah Harambe Nameexplainson

Vader Forceson: Obi-Wan never told you what happened to your father Luke Vaderson: He told me enough. He told me you killed him.

Wow, the amount of Icelanders in the comment section is surprising, for a country of 360,000 or so people they are very active on the internet. Good for them, I really enjoyed reading all of your comments. They were helpful in helping me understand this video and some of its inaccuracies. I also must say it is nice of Name Explain to make an attempt at Icelandic naming nad language.

We have a naming committee in Finland, but they don’t demand people to change their original names. Also unusual mames are allowed if there is proof the name is a real name in another culture where the babys family is from.

If monks are being good monks, they don't establish an indigenous population.

Icelandic person here, the second rule for the committee has been abandoned, the one about the genders has been abandoned by law since 2 years ago if I'm not mistaken.

When I was 14, my biology partner was Bjorn Bjornsson and I thought that was wild

12:18 You broke the rule of Icelandic names there, shouldn't it be Anna Eriksdottir? :D

Seeing the lower case ‘ð’ where all the other letters are capitals is cute ;Ð

"Erikdottir and... Erikdottir. Sisters?" "No, we just both have fathers named Erik."

Regarding your question on more grammar around Icelandic names: The names have to fit into the Icelandic case system, cosisting of four cases Nominative (nefnifall) Accusative (þolfall) Dative (þágufall) Genitive (eignarfall) For example: Eiríkur Nom./nf. Eiríkur Acc./þf. Eirík Dat./þgf. Eiríki Gen./ef. Eiríks This applies to all Icelandic names. Therefore, to have a valid name in Iceland, your name has to have a form in all of these cases. Not all forms have to be unique, there are many names with the same form in several cases, like the female name Björk: Nom./nf. Björk Acc./þf. Björk Dat./þgf. Björk Gen./ef. Bjarkar I can't come up with any names from the top of my head that have been added to the language and given forms to fit the cases, but maybe some Icelanders can. I'm just a Norwegian with great interest in the Icelandic and Old Norse language. So, please, if any Icelanders or anyone else have anything to add - feel free

There's an Ísadóra Bjarkardóttir, who's the daughter of Björk Guðmundsdóttir and Matthew Barney. She has a metronymic because "Matthew" isn't an Icelandic name. Icelandic has the word "fíll" (elephant) which is from Arabic, cognate with Hebrew פיל.

Icelander here. I literally just made a project about names. We have Skarphéðin, bergljót, Korga, Melkorka and more weird names. I have name máni meaning moon. And Nótt as night. So someone can be names Dimma Nótt (dark night)

"His name is Stitch" "No, that's not a real name...... in Iceland... But here it's a good name!"

Thanks for covering Icelandic names. It can cause confusion abroad, for example when married Icelandic couples book hotels and the hotel staff assume they aren't married due to their different last names. This has happened to my parents on several occasions. Here are some notes (since I've had some interest in the rules of Icelandic names): 8:23 - The application where Alex was rejected regarded naming of a female. It had already been defined as a male name. As per the rule of the time, no name could be used for both genders (as per the pinned comment). Adolf is on the list of approved names for males, as an FYI. 9:42 - We call this explorer Leifur Eiríksson. In the Old Norse it's spelt Leifr Eiríksson as it was a common shorthand in writing (skin wasn't cheap). 10:36 - *Alansson and *Alansdóttir. 11:36 - Not accurate. The names are not combined like that, but rather they would have one patronymic name and a matronymic one (in either order). Kevin's could be Kevin Önnuson Jónsson and Beth's could be Beth Önnudóttir Jónsdóttir (or the two later names in reversed order). 12:07 - You are allowed to take your spouse's or parent's surname, if you want, at any time. 12:21 - She'd also be allowed to be Anna Hamilton Erikson... although in Iceland's naming tradition her last name would've been Anna Eiríksdóttir, assuming she's a daughter of Eiríkur. 12:36 - An Icelander widely known as Jón Gnarr wanted to change his name to reflect that but the authorities didn't accept it. He utilised a later opportunity to circumvent that restriction when he moved temporarily to the US. He changed his name there by a court ruling, and presented it when he moved back. It was accepted, I guess grudgingly. The Icelandic naming committee has some guidance rules when deciding if an application for a new name on the list is accepted or not, for example how many Icelanders born in Iceland had that name and are still alive, how many born in a certain time span had that name, if it can be located in the Icelandic sagas, if it can be found in certain censuses. If it's a given name, if it follows the grammar rule regarding the possessive case, and if it's a middle name, that it's the same in all four cases.

2:07 "perhaps in a different timeline": so important that you gotta say it twice!

I want to add that Norwegian also still has three different genders. Standard Swedish and Danish still have two, common-gender (Masculine and Feminine together) and Neuter. Many Norwegian dialects also have cases.

I think the rule of names is they have to be Pronouncable by the human mouth. Sorry Elon Musks kid

Icelandic: We have 'nafnar' German: Oh yeah, that's what we call 'Namensvetter' ("cousin in name")

I hate being a nitpicker, but there was one error that has to be corrected in relation to the introduction of Christian names. Goð in Goðleifur does not necessarily relate to Christianity. The word Goð existed long before that. Goði was the title of chieftain (or at least that's the closest translation commonly accepted, but I would rather translate it as "A man of honor/Good/Gods"), and words like Goð are likely more related to that. However, names with Guð in them (Guðmundur as an example) are related to god, as the Icelandic word for god is guð. There is one interesting fact you might like to know further in regards to Icelandic names, is the contrast between Christian names and older names. With almost every old Icelandic name that is native to the language, you can translate the meaning. However, you cannot translate the Christian names, as they are foreign to the language and therefore have no meaning within it. I think it is one of the reasons why we are not so accepting of foreign names, as they won't mean anything within the language. It is also the same reason why many people are vehemently against the usage of english words when speaking Icelandic (but I admit I'm way to guilty of that, but I have improved a lot). We are very conservative with our language, that is very true (even though that is changing unfortunately). There has been a lot of debate in regards to the naming committee, for years. As someone who supports it, I would like to offer my perspective on why I think it's important. We are not many people, around 300.000 natives as it stands. And our language is not spoken by many people, and we take pride in our exclusivity when it comes to our ability to understand our oldest texts with ease. To us, having the names follow our old naming traditions is essential to keeping it alive, lest we will loose our old legends with time. If we don't preserve the rules of the language, then it will end up like other scandinavian languages (no offence to them) that have much bigger difficulties in deciphering those old texts. It is one of the things that make us Icelandic, loosing the naming system, and possibly in turn ocer time the language itself, we would loose everything. All our tales, all our history, gone. We wouldn't understand what we have told through oral tales or written texts, we would loose our connection to our identity and þjóðaróði (nation's soul). It is actually from my perspective, as someone who has lived with this language and naming rules all my life, that I find it very strange in places like the US that you can name your child whatever you want (or at least almost whatever you want). Anyway great video. There was one other error where you accidentally wrote Erikssob instead of Eriksdóttir (and actually it would be Eiríksdóttir in propper written Icelandic, but that's nitpick land), but you got the message through. You certainly did your homework, and as a Icelandic I say það var bara nokkuð vel af sér vikið hjá þér, vel gert :)

This whole video has just been really fascinating!

I’m Icelandic and i’ve never met someone named annajonson or efter a step parent. My grandpa had no father so he was named after his grandpa. BTW in my class there are three guys with the same name as me

12:21 Holdup, wouldn't Anna be Eriksdottir instead of Erikson

"Perhaps in a different timeline Iceland remained a Scottish Island and would be a part of the UK today" - yeehhh . . . Scotland isn't exactly ecstatic about being part of the UK these days, I imagine Iceland would've been gone decades ago - maybe around the same time as Ireland 😅😅

I love your image of Iceland smiling with the words Iceland and Names. Beautiful.

It seems like most of the things I wanted to correct have been addressed by other Icelanders. So you were putting the non possessive version as the last name where we use the possessive version. My father is called Ari but the possessive version is Ara hence my last name is Arason. You name Patrekur would end up as Patreksson or Patreksdóttir. My kids would be Ólafsson and Ólafsdóttir. You've probably noticed the -ur on some mens names. So the feminine version of my name is Ólöf. But then again the base of my name is Ólaf. We have inherited these gender specific markers on the names and haven't dropped them like the Scandinavian countries.

Would be cool to see a vid on my home (Faroe Islands) We're Iceland's small cousin, with our own language and culture, sinilar to Iceland

A thing that is commonly forgotten about when Icelandic names are being discussed. We have over 27.000 Icelanders using family surnames mostly of foreign origin. Most of which came from immigrants from Scandinavia (such as Thorarensen, Hansen, Olsen, Nielsen) or Germany (Möller, Waage, Kemp, Proppé, Scheving) while some were created for Icelandic people who registered their family name before this practice was banned in the 1920s (Blöndal, Egilson, Hjaltalín, Vídalin, Briem) I would also mention that the Annajóns thing I've never seen because the name Anna for use in last name would be declined to Önnu (genitive). Even though there are people challenging this naming convention in Iceland, the vast majority of people here think those challenges are silly and are often derided (that is when Icelanders are trying to change them not when foreigners immigrate).

Fascinating video!

Fascinating. Thanks for sharing. God bless

Many people in Iceland also name their child after a relative/person that is important to them! I’m named after my great grandmother🥰

I mean, when you're an electrician and your name is Thor, I see absolutely no problem.

Fascinating, great culture I fully support their point of view on preserving names/ language ❤️❤️❤️

Stable video👍

Good for them. There is a balance in celebrating culture, moving forward with global progress, and retaining rights. It's their culture; let them figure it out.

As an Icelander. Im incredible impressed by your research. 😍

Very interesting!

I binge-watched Icelandic series on Netflix this year, and it’s so much fun to read the credits and understand what the names mean 🙂

Hello! Icelandic person here, and I have some.... experiences with the naming committee. Your video is pretty well researched, although I've personally never come across an example of both parents' names being in the child's last name, and I see some other Icelanders have corrected the name misusage. Feel free to ask me any questions and I'll answer them to the best of my ability! Now onto those uhhh experiences. It started with my birth. My grandfather is supposedly Norwegian, and had the last name Nygaard. Mum wanted me to have the last name, and so, my full name was supposed to be Karen Rós Bjarnadóttir Nygaard (which isn't my name anymore, but I'll get into that). I was christened with that name, and legally carried it until I was about 9 months old. Mum got a phone call, where she was told I could not carry the name Nygaard, as my father didn't carry it, and he had to choose whether to be Gunnarsson or Nygaard, and he chose Gunnarsson. Thus, I no longer had the name. My legal name was then Karen Rós Bjarnadóttir. Fast forward to my childhood, where I didn't understand how a name can just be "taken away" and still called myself Nygaard. In my childhood and teenage years, I faced a lot of trauma, and wanted to distance myself from the name Karen, as my mental illness manifested in my name. I really liked the name Kat, but it doesn't follow Icelandic grammar rules, so I didn't bother to change it. I've been going by Kat since 2016, but most of my family only took me seriously in 2018. Now onto 2020, where I saw you could file an application to see if a name could be legal for barely any money, and my mother and I decided it was worth it to check if I could change my name. First, I got an email from the naming committee, telling me the name was denied. Oh well, I'll just keep going by Kat. A week or so later, Registers Iceland (people who manage social security numbers and names and such) sent me an email, saying the name was accepted, and provided a link where I could apply to legally change my name, for a bigger fee. This was big, as I'm led to believe you can only legally change your name once in your life in Iceland, but I went for it. I didn't hear anything from anyone for a while, but after a week or so, I noticed the insurance company had filed my name as Kat. This confused me, and I looked into other government approved accounts, and some of them had Karen, while others had Kat. A few days after that confusion, I got a snail mail, with papers proving my legal name is Kat Rós Bjarnadóttir as of may 28th 2020. That's fantastic, I'm happy, family is happy, everyone wins, right? WELL, a few days later, I get more mail, which I managed to piece together the context of through specific use of words. The naming committee SUED Registers Iceland for approving my name. Nothing ever came of it, I just got the mail about it because it involved me, and thankfully I still have the name, as it was ruled fair. Now, months later, I hear in the news every now and then about plans to dissolve the Naming Committee altogether, and I feel like Registers Iceland may have finally backed it up after the lawsuit, as they saw a fundamental disagreement that wouldn't be going away. Nothing has happened yet, but I think that was the start of the downfall we've been considering for decades now. We'll find out in the future I suppose. If the naming laws to get dissolved, I'll certainly add Nygaard as a second last name, as that's a much easier name to grasp for foreigners than Bjarnadóttir.

Oh, you should do a companion video to this, covering Iceland's unique genealogical records that go back centuries or more. There's even an app so you can check if someone you're chatting up in a bar is too close a relative!!

Hearing you pronounce alnöfnur is the best thing that has happened to me this week

As someone learning welsh on duolingo, i find it very interesting hearing icelandic. Theres a lot more similarities than i would expect

Interesting. I'd like to know more about "name laws" in other countries too

I love hearing non-Icelandic people trying to pronounce Icelandic.

The mixed casing is bugging me. The majuscule of eth is Ð.

You should do more videos on naming conventions if you haven't already.

In Spanish people that share the same first name are called "tocayos" (male/neutral plural) or "tocayas" (female plural)

I may be wrong, but I read that the Iceland Naming Committee recently approved all names to be genderless. Also they recently added Alex to the list of approved names. Many countries do disallow first names based on random shit. At least their rules are based on grammatical problems. As an example: the genitive of Björk is Bjarkar - it‘s not as easy as simply adding an s to any word like in english. (Even though for some words they do that too so I also wonder: where‘s the problem? Haha)

I love how you do those "th" sounds in Icelandic so authentically. How do you those in English words, like "thirteen"?

I've always been intrigued by the naming customs in Iceland! You should look into Spanish-language naming customs! There's a reason for the trope that people from Spanish-speaking countries have almost comically long names, especially when compared to people from Anglophone countries. In the Spanish-speaking world (with the exception of Argentina, I've heard), most people have two surnames (apellidos): their father's first surname, and their mother's first surname, usually in that order. Many people also have compound first names, meaning, a first name (nombre) composed of two, or even more, names. This is particularly common if the _first_ first name is super common (Juan, María, José, Ana, etc.) and they need a more unique _second_ first name to distinguish them (like Juan Eliseo, María Carlota, José Luis, Ana Ofelia, etc.). -- E.g. Juan Elías Martínez Contreras -- E.g. María Carlota Fernández Arce -- E.g. José Luis Vicente Azcárrate Salazar -- E.g. Ana Ofelia Gutiérrez y Samaniego Many girls' names are Marian titles, meaning they're some permutation of "María de ___," such as María de las Mercedes or María de los Ángeles, which can makes their official names even longer. Most tend to just go by the non-"María de" part of their name where their official name is not necessary, hence "Mercedes" or "Ángeles." Also, women in heterosexual marriages don't usually take their husbands' surnames after they get married unless they specifically request it. Many Spanish-speaking countries have same-sex marriage (Spain, Argentina, Uruguay, many states in Mexico, Colombia, etc.), and while I don't know what the trends are for gay couples, I assume the pattern is roughly the same: they keep their original surnames. When it comes to adoption, however, I am unsure of how gay couples in these countries tend to name their adopted children.

Similarly in Denmark I abhor such monstrosities as Jackson Jaxon, surnames as fore names, Jorja and the like.

When you're spelling names in all capitals like at 09:22, ð should be written Ð; ð is the lower case version.

Quick question: If me and my partner were to move to Iceland premanetly, do we have to change our names too? Or if we had a kid there, do we have to name him in the traditional icelandinc naming fashion?

can someone tell me about second-generation immigrants? Do they have Ahmedsons or Kacpersons?

The brief mentioning in Japanese names brings this up: In Japan, you're given a family name like how in English, there's probably someone named Mitsuki Kobayashi but in Japanese, non-family members call them Kobayashi Mitsuki So your first name Is also your last time But not really

12:53 “fn” in this context would be pronounced “bn”

You might want to know that the reason for icelandic lastnames being your fathers name is that back in the day your family was very important. It was a way to show of. And if you read the icelandic sagas you might notice that they often begin by explaining the main characters family. It is a way to give you a idea of what social status the individual was in.

2:40 I love the idea of an “insular island” when you think about the etymology of those words

I mean if I was Icelandic my name would be Falgeir Haraldson which is badass so

In Germany we have something similar to that Name committee. I think we don't have a real committee, there are just some laws. For example my Name is Kim and I was not allowed to have that name only, because it can be used for boys and girls. So my parents were 'forced' to give me an additional Name or a middle Name. The Gender must be clear out of the Name.

Faroese speaking (We have similar naming traditions as Iceland)*: You can also cross the name before "-son/-dóttir" across the sexes. For example: If there are two kids, one boy and one girl, then the boy will be named after the mother, and the girl after the father. So, if Alan is married to Helen, then the surnames would be: Bob Helensson and Linda Alansdóttir. Oh, and the "...fun words that are unique to Iceland that relate to names" - we have them, too. In indef. nominativ they are: F. sing: Navna // pl: Navnur. M. sing: Navni // pl: Navnar. ... and so on ... Let's make that: "... fun words that are unique to the insular scandanavian languages" ;) Great video!

Patrick/Patrik/Patrekur.... I like the one w/o the “C” Great video. I love learning about names. I would be Katja Robertdóttir

I think it's more weird that you can name children Boba Fett in some country than vice versa when you have to choose from normal names.

Having a name with non-Icelandic letters isn't always a problem, f.ex I have an uncle named Zófanias and he gets to keep his name. The whole "Conforms to Icelandic grammar" has more to do with inflection, cases, and gender.

They used to have that last name convention in Sweden, but turned away from it a long time ago. It actually caused issues for my grandfather when he was trying to figure out his ancestry until my uncle finally found documents that connected the new last name to the old last name from the old naming convention.

The Icelandic naming system is really interesting, they know every single name that has been used for the last thousand years. Recently, a boy was named a name that hadn't been used for nearly around 1000+ years.

My favorite naming culture is actually a fictional one. In dnd, elves are given a child name by their parents, and then when they become an adult, they choose a new name as an adult name. I think this is actually a really good system, it allows for people’s names to be personal, and actually representative of themselves rather than who their parents thought they might be. I honestly kind of wish that was common culture.

I heard once that if you want to know what the language of the Vikings would have sounded like, just listen to Icelandic because of how little it has changed.

Small addition. Some are given their mother's name instead, Kristínardóttir Kristínarson. This can happen if the father is foreign with an illegal name but more often it is when the father has never been in the picture. When I was young I perceived kids with their mothers name as problem childs with a difficult home. Learned later on the reasons for being given their mothers name and made some connections between broken domestic environments and behaviour of kids with their mothers name.

Very interesting to me, especially in view of my surname, sir! I believe my ancestry is at least partly Scandanavian a long way back in history. Thank you. I could not help noticing that green shirted, bearded, bespectacled man looks very similar to the bearded man in Bilble Illustrated on UKposts. I wonder if they are related in the distant past and if so what they call themselves.! Blessings and peace

so Icelander here (look at my name) with a small interest in grammar. so the letters c,q,w,z just don't exist in Icelandic so you can't use them for Icelandic names. furthermore all names must be able to be bent in four ways: nominative, accusative, dative, and possessive. It's way more than just removing some letters for example my name comes in the forms: Dagur, Dag, Degi, Dags

Alex, Robert:NAAH Aleksander Aleksandr Aleksandersson: HELL YEEE

I really wanted to watch this but it is Monday and the lawn mowers outside are making so much noise I cannot hear the video. I will have to watch this again at some point when it is quiet.

as an Icelandic person I love watching videos about Iceland and hearing people attempt to say words

4:25 "[Icelandic] did actually borrow words from other languages once upon a time [...] though these borrowed words have since been replaced". Well, yes and no. We do have lots of newly constructed words in the language (f.ex. "talva" instead of "computer", "sími" instead of "(tele)phone" etc), but we still borrow lots of words from other languages - mainly English these days. (It also bothers me that you insist on using the lower case form of ð in all-caps names such as Guðmundur. There is a capital version, you know! It's Ð! GUÐMUNDUR looks much better than GUðMUNDUR, now doesn't it? Just like PATRICK looks much better than PAtRICK.) 10:40 Alansson and Alansdóttir, although Alan isn't a very Icelandic name (It is on the List of Allowed Names though, so you're all good). 11:28 You'd have to give the child two separate last names (Annajónsson and -dóttir are NOT legal): Önnuson Jónsson and Önnudóttir Jónsdóttir (or Jónsson Önnuson and Jónsdóttir Önnudóttir). 12:17 Her name would not be Anna Erikson, but rather Anna Eiríksdóttir. Sorry for my long rant. Thank you for reading all the way through if you did :3 Cheers from Iceland!

2:08 So United Kingdon of Great Britain and Iceland?

9:09 An Icelander with some fact checking :) You are missing the declension part of the committee accepting names. If the name can't easily be changed depending on the context then it will not be excepted 11:23 This declension will apply to last names as well. Here for example the name would be Önnujónsson and Önnujónsdóttir.

Could you make a video about Russian naming? I mean first name, father's name and surname

If a married couple from a foreign country move to iceland, would they have to change their first and last names? Also would they be allowed to name their children whatever they want?

What about nonbinairy people?

Now I want to contact the Icelandic Naming Committee to get an approved name for myself, and get approved to use it while visiting (such as when checking in at a hotel)

Could anyone please give me the source of the photo shown at 10:18?

Reminds me of some Lord of the Rings lines. “Aragorn, son of Arathorn” for example.

Even adults here in Iceland don't understand the grammar sometimes, it's just that weird and dumb

Honestly, only having people named Magnus Alanson is stridin about is one of the most badass things I’ve ever heard. Well done sir.

Good video overall, but here is some criticism. Sorry! You mentioned grammar cases in the beginning. This also applies to the patronic names, so it would not be Jóndóttir, but Jónsdóttir, because the name Jón would be in the case called 'eignarfall'. I have never heard of the "Annajondottir" example you mentioned. I've heard of "Önnu- og Jónsdóttir" (meaning Anna and Jón's daughter, in the correct grammatical cases), but not stringing them together into one word. Other criticism on the video is using the lower case ð (instead of the upper case Ð) and the strangely common "pronounce all vowels as an 'uh' sound" that characterises native English speakers pronouncing words in languages which the do not speak. You can really tell this from the way you pronounced Goðleifur at 6:05, using the 'uh' sound for four different vowels in the same word. Fun fact: After being occupied by the UK during the second world war, some women who were knocked up by the British soldiers had the dilemma of choosing what to do with the patronic name of their children. I have heard that some resulted in calling them Erlendsson/Erlendsdóttir (Erlendur being a name, but also meaning 'foreigner') or Hermannsson/Hermannsdóttir (Hermann being a name, but also meaning 'soldier').

12:18 A woman named "Erikson"...

Iceland's Strict & Ancient Name Laws Huge respect by me keep culture alive Love from Finland (I am jealousy)

I live in Iceland, and I was so confused untill I read the pinned comment

Just a heads up... at 2:08 you repeated “perhaps in a different time line” twice in a row.