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Hi everyone, I was the historian and scriptwriter for this video, hope you all enjoyed it! If you've got any questions or feedback for me, please do leave them below and I'll do my best to get around to them! Happy New Years!

This two-parter was simply BRILLIANT! Kudos to everyone involved!

A small thank you for your hard work! What a great way to end 2023 than to watch your long documentaries on Alexander the Great!

Hopefully a long form revision of the Wars of the Diadochi series will also eventually come forth! Truly magisterial, K&G

The production quality on this channel keeps going up.

I have an idea for a series to Wizards and Warriors: "What if Alexander lived longer?" Anyone in favor?

I literally just finished the first 3 hour part from 6 days ago. I stood up to make food, and now as I'm eating it, there's part 2 ready for me. Thanks so much, guys! Keep up the good work, and happy 2024🎉

At first I thought this was a recap. But a 2+ hour long video is definitely not what I expected 😳. Kudos!

Fantastic series! Bravo to all involved! Hard to believe that such a person ever truly existed. What’s even more astonishing is that just six months ago marked the anniversary of Alexander’s death more than a millennia ago. Just goes to show how impactful one’s legacy has and continues to have. Looking forward to the Wars of the Diadochi series. Happy New Year everyone!

This was one of my favorite videos in a while, I only wish you could've spent some time at the end talking about his tomb and the mystery around that, amazing job and thank you!

Didn't expect the last episode of your series on Alexander to drop today, what a way to end 2023

This is my New Year's gift. Thank you so much Kings and Generals! I love this era and I want to see a full 2nd Punic War documentary on this channel.

I cannot wait for a series on the rise and fall of the Diadochi. I have wanted a detailed rise and fall of those for years.

Thank you so much for the great work! Absolutely beautiful series.

Many would take the name "The Great," from Pompey to Tsar Peter, but nobody, and i mean NOBODY, will ever deserve the title "The Great" more than Alexander III of Macedonia; sure his legacy is complicated and his domain went to hell after his death, but in his short life, no one did, and will ever do more than him, RIP Alexander, the GOAT Edit: changing to alexander iii

Thank you for a really clear description of Alexanders campaigns, the maps/graphics really help, good analysis of the sources at many points.

I love your videos all of them and i watch everything you put out by far the best and most informative youtube channel out there. Wish i could save your videos for deployment lol. Happy new years !

Love your recent focus on Alexander - keep it coming!

Happy New Year to Kings and Generals. Thanks for all your efforts 👌

You really spend quality time to get the info about this Great Man, to drill-down and to analyze all of it. Really good job! Thank you.

Patiently waited for this video for years. Wonderful addition to your conicals of Alexander. 🖖

Amazing series! Kudos to all involved!

Finished the two Alexander videos just now. Almost 6 hours, took me more than a week. Thank you for all your hard work. Incredible.

Thank you for all your work this year)) Happy New Year🎉 We will catch each other next year😃

Oh K’s and G’s giving us all the long documentaries we needed! Thanks guys!

Some epic documentary to finish the end of the year !!! Thanks kings and generals great work as always

As always thank u KnG for your hard work!

Great video keep it up you're doing amazing things 😁👍

I love these long documentaries!!! Thank you for such tremendous good work that you provide for everyone to watch 😀

Thank you for making this glorious video.

Incredible series. Thank you all so much for your work.

Great video as usual with you guys!

This channel represents one of UKposts's most undeservedly redeeming qualities, and puts equivalent documentaries formerly found in the realm of legacy media, in places like the Discovery and History channels to shame in the way it delivers educational material of remarkable scope and meticulous detail in such immersively compelling form. I am, quite frankly, somewhat bewildered by how much effort the composition of this two-part series alone must surely have required.

If the author of the pamphlet knew who of the attendees were guilty and who weren't, then it seems that the author was one of the conspirators that later felt guilt for his participation in Alexander's poisoning. I wish that his tomb and remains are found.

Thanks for a terrific series!

The amount of work that went into this masterpiece must be staggering. As always great job!!

You know the old “if you could invite anyone dead or alive to a dinner party” question? This guy should be on top of everyone’s list! He’d have some stories to tell…😂

This Might Be Interesting: Alexander the Great launched what is now known as the Cophen Campaign, the first stage of his invasion, between May 327 and March 326 BCE. By taking fortresses of the Aspasioi, Guraeans, and Assakenoi tribes in the Panjkora (Dir) and Swat valleys of modern Pakistan and the Kunar valley of modern Afghanistan, he hoped to secure his line of communication. Alexander the Great defeated the Aspasians first, capturing their cities after a series of fierce battles in which he and his general Ptolemy were both injured, though Ptolemy also killed the Apasian king.

I love these long videos!

great compilation of alexander. are you planning to do the wars of the diadochi next?

Alexander's Story always seems like an herculian effort. It amazes me how he could push the army so far

Yes I am waiting for the sequel!

This was fantastic, I could and probably will watch it a few times

Was eagerly waiting for this 😊😊

Thank you, K&G, for this long video, and for a year full of great historical content. I was wondering, after covering Alexander the Great, if you would revisit the period of the Diadochi Wars? I'm sure you could do better videos, and also, the period goes further that 302 BC. Thanks again for the great year! Cheers.

Please make more videos about persian dynasties. I feel like they dont get covered enough for the impact they had on the history.

Thank-you for this really complete coverage❤

WOAH!!!! What a way to end the year!

RIP to Alexander 🙏🙏. May Ares bless the soul of Alexander in Elysium 🙏🙏.

This was extraordinary guys. Thank you so much for this. It is interesting to wonder exactly what happened to Alexander in the end. I very much look forward to the series on his successors! Thank you again! God be with you out there everybody! ✝️ :)

What a great new year present, i absolutely love it.

They say the longer it is the better it is so Create more videos like this🙏

Another New Year gift!

If he truly did say ''to the strongest'' I personally think it was said so that he could destroy the empire and secure his immortality. If they all think they're the strongest, they'll all fight for it and destroy themselves; ensuring no one will overshadow his legacy. Unlikely for sure, but a good way for him to ensure his legacy. Thanks for the video.

Happy new year to the K&G team! Taking shrooms to celebrate 😎

Best video on this chanel!

Alexander have to be considered the greatest general / King in history when your generals becomes Kings and establish dynasties in they own right when usually it blood ties that get you a pathway to the 👑

2:04:52 love how during this time rome is just slowly consolidating and conquering

Happy new years everyone 🎉🎉

Very cool video well done

Hi, K&G. In this New Year I request you to make mega documentaries on the following topics(if possible). It is a long list: 1. Gymnasiums in Ancient Greece 2. Mongol Generals 3. Role of women in Mongol Society 4. Austro-Hungarian Empire 5. Northern Crusades 6. Bolshevik Revolution 7. Russian Civil War 8. Mongol Khanates: Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and Khanate of Kublai Khan 9. How England incorporated Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales into it 10. Irish Civil War 11. The Great Dutch Revolt(Eighty Years War) 12. French Wars of Religion 13. Peninsular War 14. Pre-Columbine America 15. Balkan Wars 16. Russian Czars: From Best to Worst 17. War of Austrian Succession 18. Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth 19. Chola Empire 20. Swedish Wars 21. Khanates after the demise of the Golden Horde 22. First and Second Reich 23. Spanish Civil War 24. Spanish Empire 25. Age of Exploration 26. Industrial Revolution 27. Indian Revolt of 1857 28. Maratha Empire 29. Dutch Empire 30. Danish Empire 31. Shia Caliphates 31. Crimean War 32. Franco-Prussian War 33. Sassanid Kings and Generals 34. Achaemenian Kings and Generals 35. Three Kingdoms of Korea 36. Medieval Japan

Battle of jaxartes , Magnificent, his tactic against the Horse archers 👏👏👏👏

Fantastic documentary

thank you!

Are you making remakes of the older Diadochi videos? What would be awsome, can´t wait to watch those!

One of the greatest conquerors, Alexander the Great, has been the focus of considerable conjecture, and the question of whether or not he was gay remains one of the most contentious. According to several historians, Alexander had a great affinity for men; however, others believe that this is a result of a misreading of the historical record. Alexander’s close ties with men like Hephaestion and Bagoas have been interpreted by some as proof of his homosexuality, while others have argued that they were merely close companions. Another common argument against Alexander’s claimed homosexuality is that he was married many times to different women and had at least one child from them, Alexander IV. That is why whether Alexander the Great was gay or not is still an open question today. Throughout his life, Alexander the Great is said to have had a number of close relationships with men. Hephaestion, Alexander’s closest friend and confidant, stood out among these friendships. It was said that Hephaestion and Alexander had been close since they were kids, almost like brothers. Alexander was so devastated by Hephaestion’s death that he advocated worshipping him as a god. Before Plutarch and Arrian, the Roman historian Curtius authored The History of Alexander in the first century AD where he discussed Alexander and Hephaestion in his writings. According to Curtius, “Hephaestion was by far the dearest of the king’s [Alexander’s] friends; he had been brought up with Alexander and shared all his secrets. No other person was privileged to advise the king as candidly as he did, and yet he exercised that privilege in such a way that it seemed granted by Alexander rather than claimed by Hephaestion.” Quintus Curtius Rufus, History of Alexander, 3.12.16. Hephaestion is later compared to a young man called Euxenippus by Curtius in Book 7. Some researchers think he was the Persian eunuch that Alexander personally liked, Bagoas: Therefore, he [Alexander] received the envoys of the Sacae courteously and gave them Euxenippus; to accompany them; he was still very young and a favorite of the king [Alexander] because of his youthful beauty, but although in handsome appearance he was equal to Hephaestion, he was not his match in a charm which was indeed not manly. Quintus Curtius, History of Alexander, Volume II: Books 6-10. Curtius here appears to be making a reference to the possible sexual motivations for Alexander’s preference for Hephaestion over Euxenippus. And perhaps this could be why Alexander found Hephaestion’s death so devastating. Curtius was cautious in describing the nature of the connection between Alexander and Hephaestion. Perhaps it was because in the 4th century BC Greece, the concept of sexual intercourse between adult males was not commonly tolerated. Diodorus Siculus, a historian from Sicily, lived between 90 and 30 BC. Despite living two centuries after Alexander, he is still one of the closest ancient historians to the time period of Alexander’s life. The Macedonian general Craterus was one of the most devoted and loyal friends of Alexander, but according to Diodorus, Craterus was merely “king-loving” (philbasileus), while Hephaestion was “Alexander-loving” (philalexandros). Alexander threw himself into preparations for the burial of Hephaestion. He showed such zeal about the funeral that… it left no possibility for anything greater in later ages… …when one of the companions said that Craterus was loved no less than Hephaestion, Alexander had answered that Craterus was king-loving, but Hephaestion was Alexander-loving. Diodorus. 17.114.(1-2) After Hephaestion passed away at Ecbatana due to fever, it was a blow to Alexander, during which he refused to eat or drink and spent three days flat on the ground in sorrow. The chroniclers of the past often sought to portray Alexander the Great in a positive light while overlooking any perceived “shortcomings” he may have had. This includes whether Alexander the Great was gay. It’s still worth noting that this is not concrete evidence to suggest that Alexander and Hephaestion had a romantic or homosexual relationship. A eunuch and Persian, Bagoas the Younger was another individual Alexander had a close friendship with. Allegedly romantically involved, Bagoas worked as Alexander’s personal attendant and was designated a courtier. Following the victory, Bagoas the Younger was presented to Alexander the Great by King Darius III’s court of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Typical of ancient Greek culture, Alexander had a liking for young boys, and Bagoas soon became his closest confidant. According to Plutarch, the Macedonians once cheered to bade Alexander kiss Bagoas in a public event: We are told, too, that he was once viewing some contests in singing and dancing, being well heated with wine, and that his favourite, Bagoas, won the prize for song and dance, and then, all in his festal array, passed through the theatre and took his seat by Alexander’s side; at sight of which the Macedonians clapped their hands and loudly bade the king kiss the victor, until at last he threw his arms about him and kissed him tenderly. Plutarch - Life of Alexander (Part 7 of 7) As counterevidence to the claim that Alexander was gay, many point to his many marriages to women and the children he had with them. Over the course of his brief life, Alexander married Roxana, Stateira, and Parysatis. And it’s not 100% definite that all of them were committed partners of his. Alexander’s sole known child, Alexander IV, was born to his Bactrian wife, Roxana, after his death in 323 BC. Historians have speculated that Stateira could have been pregnant when she died. Males often had intimate, sexual connections with other men in ancient Greek society. Such pairings weren’t automatically seen as signs of gay or bisexual orientation, but rather as a natural part of life. Because of this, it’s crucial to think about how the ideas and customs of the period affected Alexander’s personal connections. These close friendships often characterized ancient Greek society, and that’s why there wasn’t always sexual tension between them. Historical accounts indicate that Alexander had a voracious sexual appetite and a constant presence of women in his life. As he grew older, he reportedly indulged in the company of concubines every night. In conclusion, it is impossible to state with certainty whether or not Alexander the Great was gay or even bisexual, despite evidence suggesting he had intimate ties with men. Alexander’s sexuality is still a mystery and a hotly disputed issue among academics.

Superb... it wasn't just warwar war war but other stuff tooo

Thank you~!!

The Opis mutiny speech changed my life forever.

Bravo!

great stuff

Amazing!

Look forward to the diodochi video!

incredible!

Incredible!

Give Alexander credit, he created an Empire that was the largest the world had ever witnessed until the Mongols.

It is unbelievably clear that Alexander did not utter "to the strongest". His most famous line not being said by him is not proof he was assassinated but it is proof of character assassination. There is no way that a man who had barely survived his own succession crisis and struggled with the aftermath of living in his father's shadow after his father's death for the rest of his life would not know about what happens to empires without clear succession. Furthermore, he was no idiot in matters of state and history and was tutored by none other than Aristotle himself who definitely would have taught him the need for succession to be clear. These realities are often tried to be thrown away by playing into Alexander's brashness and ego, but bravery on the battlefield doesn't mean selfish and short-sighted, it means the opposite. We know how he felt about matrimony. He only took 2 wives and loved his first so much that he did despite everyone in his kingdom telling him not to and doubled down on it by paying for his men and officers to do the same. Ceasar didn't write his own son into his will, but Ceasar already had a wife by the time he married Cleopatra and wanted to rule back in the west in Rome. Alexander was a young man who's first wife could have been anyone in the known world and wanted to rule in the new kingdom that he conquered in the East. I am certain he didn't want anyone other than one of his sons from either of his wives to rule. The diaries don't mention a doctor but do mention a lawyer for his will. They can't be anything other than false. The pamphlet being written by literally anyone with a pen up to a hundred years after the events and claiming knowledge of his intimate circle is as true as me writing a story about what went on Hitler's bunker 80 years ago at the end of WWII. I can tell you some names of conspirators and I think treachery was involved and my story can be presumed to have it's popularity in my own time be proportional to how operatic and dramatic as I make the story. So the pamphlet is false. Thus, no one knows what happened. It's likely that, assasination or not, even those in the inner circle don't know exactly what happened. What's clear to me is that his death was used to...what's the phrase..."clean house". Even in the pamphlet that is handed down to us, Selucid and Ptolemy are mentioned as not being conspirators. How convenient. Both tales are a coverup. The pamphlet was clearly written knowing of the diaries version and is a response to that. Both versions mention the drinking party, and name the same companion's house on the same night, and both versions have him uttering the words. The pamphlet version can therefore be reasoned to be silent on the days marked with "?" in the video, because the pamphlet wasn't written by a person with knowledge of the inner circle but a playright not unlike shakespeare using the diaries to construct a dramatic narrative that then becomes a condensed and popular amalgamation of the rumors that were cirulating by the grandchildren of the Diodochi Wars. Those children wouldn't be compelled by any need to portray Alexander as being familial or expressing affection for a dynasty that was already lost to them and instead would have disagreed with particular nobles among their grandparents, espicially those blamed in the pamphlet like Antipatter and Cassander whose own attempts at dynasty were long dead, but sought to honor those like Ptolomey and Seulicid whose empires were still alive at the writing of the rumors, so would have seen no problem in having Alexander be the author of his own dynasty's dissolution. The truth can never be known, but we are blessed with 2 versions that agree on some points and disagree on others so we can do the compare and contrast that this video does. The key is looking at the 3 points that are identical. Started on same night, at same guy's house, and ended with him saying the same words. Where they differ is just as critical. We know the accidental version came first, written by the inner circle, and the conspiracy version came up to 3 generations later written anonymously and was popular contemporaneously or it wouldn't have been included hundreds of years later in the Romance. That tells us, even the grandchildren of the nobles didn't believe the accidental, nothing to see here, version of events. They probably could have surmised that Alexander didn't have his first drinking partying on June 1st 423BC at Media's house, nor that Alexander drank SOOOOOO MUCH that night that even him, an experienced, Macedonian drinker, couldn't survive with all the help of an entire continent. He who had survived head wounds, arrows piercing every limb and lung, and BRAGGED about his entire body being full of scars on the front, could die from a bottle on a random night at a friend's house. His own soldiers didn't believe it IN BOTH TALES THEMSELVES! The fac that both tales have the nobles trying to keep Alexander from his men, is itself nothing more than an admission of guilt. This king was no pampered aristocrat in an ivory tower. He lived with his men. LIVED WITH THEM. Fought with them. He had to do nothing more than come out of his tent to speak to them on several occaisions and on for 8 nights following a random friend's house drinking party he was kept secluded from them, when previously he had gone a mere 2 or 3 nights tops without speaking to them on campaign before either he or they relented? The tale in the diaries is the nobles' and the tale in the pamphlet is the nobles' grandchildren. Assassinated or no, the nobles were up to no good before, during and after his death, and he never said "to the strongest". Are we to believe that none of his men asked him any questions on succession, and it was only in his private quarters surrounded by nobles that benefit from this statement that he suddenly was asked this and answered? If Alexander was truly as egotistical and superficial as to doom his own dynasty for the sake of a single bravadocious line, don't you think he would have said it in front of at least one of his men as they filed for hours past his deathbed? Nah, the question of succession only came up 3 seconds before death after almost 2 weeks of illness. Furthermore, it's telling what ISN'T said in both versions. Neither version mentions him calling for his wives or son. Gee, I don't know if it could be seen as problematic to either the nobles or their grandchildren if they mention Alexander speaking to his wives and children during the last 2 weeks of his life. Nope. No doctor. No wife 1. No wife 2. No son and heir. Granted women weren't exactly mentioned on every page, but Alexander's mother was mentioned in the pamphlet, but not his wives? The crisis was so apparent that the soldiers demanded visitation in both versions, but the wives didn't in either? Of course not. Because the wives would have NECESSARILY demanded the author of either false tale bring up the question of succession in the preceeding 2 weeks, and not reserve the question as an afterthought for the last 3 seconds from some random noble dude. Don't get me wrong, Alexander did it to himself. He knew these cutthroats in the Macedonian court and what they were capable of better than anyone. He had benefitted and used this very kind of intrigue for years, perhaps from the very begining. Many a powerful rival or noble and their son was conveinently disposed of. The dude should have known that peacetime in the empire is the most dangerous moment of his life. He must have realized that until his child was born and became his son and heir, every hand was a potential dagger and every cup a potential poison. Yet, he drank many many cups and shook many hands. So in a way, it's irrelevent that he didn't actually say "to the strongest", because by drinking of all those cups, whether they were poisoned or not, he did say the words and both histories are accurate. He did kill himself and was poisoned and it was an accident of history that no one saw coming. The irony is not how it happened. The irony is that both tales are false and might just as well have happened, and neither should have happened because, like Alexander, we all do our own history to ourselves.

You deserve not one but many oscars for so many perfect videos you have made!!

Great work all of you ! I have one question thoe. 16:27 - "Alexandria in the caucasus" next to Kabul ?

Just brilliant Should make one for great Timur

Wizards and warriors should make a what if series about what if Alexander didn’t died

Aside from the stories of the Roman Empire, this narrative stories of Alexander The Great is also one of my favorite videos here... Thanks for the full story, @KingsAndGenerals 🙏

Love the soundtrack, very fitting and coincides with his achievements. Does anyone know where I can find it?

Hey, don't forget the Portuguese subtitles... we in Brazil love your videos! ❤

Could the pamphlet be written by someone who was part of the assassination and the guilt led him to publish the thruth (could you make a video that focuses on the end of Sparta i am struggling to find how the city ended)

THANK YOU !!!!!!!!!!

Happy New Year to all of you! 🎉

would love to see you guys redo the diadochi/successor war stuff its so interesting to watch the empire crumble

It is wild one man did this, having the draw to send and army across the world 2,500 years ago.

Awesome video

Great job.

Porus’s height of 7 feet tall seems far fetched but according to Greek and Roman sources from that time period , South Asian people were the tallest race of people with men on avg being 5’10 feet tall.

Absolut epic

The brown splatter at 26:30 is a nice touch.

The two Alexander the Great documentaries are amazing Well done to all who worked on them 👍🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🇵🇸

Redoing the War of the Diadochi? Hell yeah.

The story of Alexander is greatnes

Thanks

Just finished the other vid 5 mins ago then this video came up❤❤❤❤