PCR blocks run on the peltier effect. Saving poor techincal staff for about 30 years. The original process was using three water baths and youd move the reaction tubes between each. It also allows for incredibly precise temperature changes, 0.1 degrees. This allows us to read things like the difference in melting temperatures in DNA sequences, such as Alleles.

Nit picky but the electrons move from neg to pos.

Please make a video on voltage

Why aren't we using this to convert the heat from reactors and power plants directly into electricity instead of converting the heat to mechanical energy and then to electrical? Is it too inefficient, costly, or difficult?

Where are the bouncy balls???

Explain to me what is gravity theory doing in electronics?

@Dimdim 10:55 he calls electron spin as some sort of balls bouncing and gravity as some potential energy. He speaks as gravity is some kind of potential energy that make the balls bounce from the floor and when they reach on the table they lose kinetic energy but the problem is that in this example gravity is not the cause for balls to bounce on the floors or tables.

Are you still interested to get an answer? I can try to explain

@@abj9121 i think you're confused. gravity has very little to do with the thermoelectric effect

@@alpacastan7788 And where did i said gravity has anythin with thermoelecteic effect or that its even some real existing shite?

haha, sounds like a perfect excuse for putting in the wrong shot :D

The bouncy balls don’t emit light. They’re invisible. I replayed that 3-4x to make sure I’m not losing my marbles

That's a fun one! Why would they ground the thermocouple though, were they assuming 0V on the negative end and measuring positive to ground? (it surprises me because I feel like you were dealing with big/important/precise stuff?)

@@cheaterman49 Yes mate, correct, a temp gradient kiln had 9 zones with around 10^C difference/zone, this was to test the best firing temp for glaze or colour on pottery ware.

I don't understand

@@Rani-mt7dj In the UK a Residual Current Device looks for an imbalance in the Live and Neutral conductors at the mains supply board thus, with the Neutral grounded as standard, more than 30mA injected to ground by the combined thermocouples tripped the RCD.

I dont know much on the topic, but I will say that I do know of grounded thermocouples. I've had to change them out because they're not compatible on the devices I'm installing for work. Not sure if they function all that differently or not... I guess this video may have sparked a google research rabbithole for me.

He really is one of the best and the topics are always so interesting!

This os exactly why i explain complicated things in a british accent it never seems as patronizing her condescending when you use a British accent so I employed quite often

For real, I actually learned

"Charming" and "relaxed" are two traits that a lot of science teachers need to develop - especially math teachers, those guys are often grave and serious as fuck.

Doesn't hurt that he's rather charming in a kind of mad scientist sort of way. Also he's got a killer smile

It does seem to be a photo

Damn, that's annoying. I was really pleased with that shot too. This one was a rush to get out on time so I missed it :(

@@SteveMould i thought my brain was malfunctioning

Ah, glad to know it isn't just my Chromecast crapping out again. No worries, these things happen. Thanks for putting together such a great explanation regardless! Your work is very appreciated!

@@SteveMould would make sense to upload just that part unlisted just to show it off

An important exception is very close to the topic of this video: Electricity -> heat. While the Seebeck effect can turn a Difference of heat into electricity, it can't undo a resistive heater and turn heat itself back into power, it can just move heat from one place to another (while adding heat itself from its own resistive heating) In fact the second law of thermodynamics is basically 'Generating heat is one-way.'

​@@davidgro2000 If I understand correctly, you're saying that the Seebeck effect, and applications such as thermoelectric generators, can't remove heat from a system and convert it to electricity, only use differences in temperature to generate electricity? I can somewhat make sense of this, but it still confuses me at one point: if the difference of temperature is used to generate electricity, and we're not removing any heat from the system by doing so, what energy are we actually removing from the system and converting in a thermoelectric generator? My first thought is kinetic energy or the electrical potential that interplays with it similar to the ball analogy, but wouldn't removing kinetic energy from atoms/electrons result in removing heat?

​@@imnon1660 I think the way that works is that a heat difference is a "thermal potential" like the way a height difference is a "gravitational potential" Everything tends toward having a ground/sea-level altitude be flat unless acted on by other forces, and everything tends to equilibrium temperature the same way. - and energy can certainly be extracted from a difference of heights (Ever see how the weights in a grandfather clock work?) so this is similar by analogy. Also by analogy, removing heat from a thermal system would be like removing mass from a gravitational system: It would still have to exist, just somewhere outside the system, which would also make that depend on how you define the system (easy enough for a fridge or a house AC system)

​@@davidgro2000I was going to mention delta T

True, but if R is the same we then know V is higher.

@Spruce No, we know that either V is higher -or- that R is lower - but not which one.

@@drlegendre solid's R doesn't change by heat. Unless it's molten.

@@strain121 It changes with T, though. Nonetheless, for alloys the increase of R with T is negligible for small ranges of T.

@@strain121 The electrical resistance depends on 2 things: The Dimensions of the conductor and the Coefficient of resistivity of the conductor, which depends purely on temperature, not if it's molten or not.

@@MuddasirShah what?

Been a maintenance person for years and never knew exactly how they worked either. Always thought you had to hold the pilot switch in to get the air out of the system which now that I think about it makes no sense. Thx for the info

XD

@Cj Mitochondria is the organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for generating chemical energy (ATP).

@@MCSteve_ and so much more

lmao yes

@A Fox Called Scrappy Tail they didn't get all that brain by sharing

Do you remember what the series was called? I'm interested in building a project with them.

They have RTG lighthouses in Russia?

I'll bet Iceland has some version of that as well, except geothermal!

I actually wanted to say exactly the same :D

Wanted to say the same. Used in NMR and MRI (in hostpitals) equipment to create a strong magnetic field.

@@mailokirmes4350 I wanted to reply the same to this comment..

To continue this comment train, I also wanted to say the same. Superconducting magnets are awesome!

For more info : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_magnet en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_current

Why can't you guys see he balls. It's super tiny. Icncreadentesolutionto4kandwath

@@blackburn3r what happened to space key at the end?lol.

Duh! They're atomic scale! ;·)

@@grndkntrl using special enhancement technologies they are visible now!

I think that they're also great for tv technobabble because they sound esoteric enough that people who don't care won't care, while also being simple enough that a decent writer will be able to slot them together in ways that sort of make sense to people who do.

@@bosstowndynamics5488 it's for that reason I plan to test that on a 2003 motherboard with an unlocked CPU of that time so I can test the efficiency and temperature dissipation at different rate and power and see if it's something I can do on a newer setup. Don't forget that the Peltier will not be always ON and that a controller will stop it before the dew point. I can also monitor the radiator temperature and stop the Peltier module if the temperature is going to high

@@Tutul_ how about using a real cooling system from a fridge?!

@@PeterAbt it's big, contain a toxic substance, need a compressor that do a lot of noise. I'm not sure if you were serious or just trolling

@@Tutul_ You ask him if he is trolling when he tells you a way to actually pull that off... after you asked about doing it a way that is nearly impossible? Did you do any basic calculations? How much heat do you want to remove from the CPU? At what temperature is the CPU at that point? What is the ambient temperature? How efficient is it / how much energy does the peltier need when it has to move this heat with these two temperatures on its sides? Now you know how much heat has to be moved away from the peltier. How are you going to get that heat away? As a next step, after doing that and thinking about it: Notice that you would have to cool the peltiers hot side to ambient temperature, so the cooler would have to be absurdly good to cool it that far down (~impossible). So now you have a new temperature much higher than ambient on the hot side of the peltier. What is the efficiency now to move the CPU-heat at these 2 temperatures? How much heat is it on the hot side now? etc.

@@leocurious9919 what reason exactly would require the hot side have to be at ambient temp? You have missed some crucial parts of this idea. I came to the comments for this exact idea, and it is definitely possible.

Is that when you have an old person do the very small dance moves to upbeat music? Like the rubbing fists together one?

@Mycel Yes, but you wanted an atomic scale one. So you need a "boomer" doing it for peak atomic

It's the only dance you do while not dancing. 😁

Or a Queen cover band

That dance would be the equivalent of the "animation" of the balls falling onto the floor/table: Not much to see in it.

It's amazing what science can do isn't it.

And we waste helium in party balloons when the world has sfa helium! When the helium runs out no more MRI machines!

@@David-lr2vi Exactly! Most people who buy party balloons don’t realise that the helium in their balloon will actually drift off into space after the balloon bursts and be lost forever from planet earth. At some time in the future, not only no more MRI, but also no more Cern! A sad thought.

I believe that's the case but then you're also taught in electronics that all points along an ideal zero-resistance wire are at the same voltage, so how can you get a current flowing in a zero-resistance conductor if the whole thing is at the same voltage? You need a difference in voltage in order for current to flow.

Well electricity cant flow at the speed of light can it? Can it? Idk dont got a degree in electricity

@@leomadero562 It flows very close to the speed of light, the problem is it flows in all directions so if you don't have an external voltage pushing it in one direction then it tends to quickly spread out across a whole conductor.

Curiosity got the better of me so I looked it up. Basically the MRI magnet is a huge inductor (like a transformer) so you can short circuit the windings and the current will continue to flow for a few months because like any inductor, it is constantly interacting with the magnetic field and it's this that allows the current to continue to flow after power is removed. A simplification is that the current flow pushes the magnetic field (then once it has spread out through the whole conductor it stops flowing as the whole wire is now at the same voltage), but then with no current flowing there's nothing pushing on the magnetic field any more so it collapses back to where it started which induces a voltage in the wire making the current flow again, then because the current is flowing it pushes on the magnetic field again, and it's this back and forth between flowing current and a magnetic field that allows the current to persist in the MRI magnet for months instead of immediately stopping when the power is removed.

Only three electrons can move freely in fhe entire universe, how we get electricity is a mystery which science cannot explain

... walk into a bar

No balls is better than blue balls.

Prehistoricman tell that to the jenners

Came here for this

There are, they are just incredibly small

Not anymore

V = IR dawg, if there's a current, there's a voltage. Don't be pedantic when it literally wouldn't change anything about the quality of the explanation.

@@tissuepaper9962, what if it's a thermistor with a negative coefficient?

@@JNCressey But it isn't? If it were, we wouldn't be having this conversation.

You put the comma at wrong place, and it wasn’t a joke. He just stated a fact. Are you watching this video while being drunk/high or what?

@@moumous87 Yeah exactly, I didn't get the joke either

@@moumous87 Absolute zero temperature is physically impossible to reach. Saying it's "rare" is a comic understatement. Is it "the best joke I've heard in ages" though? No.

@@jincyquones thanks for the reply save,s me a job the only thing worse than my sense of humor is my use of comas!

@@kellydoug8817 Don't forget the apostrophe in _metal's_ and to capitalize the _I._ 😉

Current is a function of voltage.

@@vonSachsenbach and resistance... ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ If you're going to show a higher voltage, stick the DMM on voltage.

Between that, the electrons going from + to - and the wrong shot used for the bouncing balls, you can really tell this one was rushed, yeah.

@@Karreth if you are referring to 4:35 for the +- thing, it actually makes sense in this case, because we are talking about a current inducing a voltage not the other way around. the electrons aren't moving due to an abundance of electrons as we are used to, but due to heating. the original source of the electrons is in this case positively charged as weird as that might seem.

It's confirmed... People don't have imagination anymore.

rewatch it now! - you will be amazed! ;) 10:37

WHAT IS EVERYONE TALKING ABOUT i DON'T UNDERSTAND