MWB Gaming lol

Every American is on the NSA list. The Government is scared of us and collects all our data. Thank you Snowden. So if your hard drive crashes, just ask Obama for the back up. ;)

im not american im australian but i bet the NSA is still spying on me also i think il have to purchase the backup from trump obama would give it to me but trump would probably try to make me pay

MWB Gaming oh, Obama would make you pay, but TRUMP will make you pay with your daughter... sorry for the bad joke if you actually HAVE a daughter....

lol no offense taken trump would make me pay with both lol

I am a chemist and this guy has no clue what is going on. Kinetic energy of fission products? Really? No mention of mass defect and the actual physics that is going on? This is disinformation pure and simple. I mean , he is an associate professor of public policy, associate! It shows. This man is in no way qualified to speak on this subject.

What?..

No budget to steep, no sea to deep. That's who? It's him, James Cameron.

!?

Michael Corcoran Explains why his movies are loaded with bombs.

@Dan Kelly: It's a joke. Michael is saying Professor Bunn appears similar to James Cameron - and indeed there is a vague resemblance.

Dan Kelly: A nuclear bomb took down the Titanic, and James Cameron attempted to tell the story with DiCaprio.

+SuperBking1340 One method is to observe the path of a charged particle as it collides with a neutral particle.

SuperBking1340 Good question, I'm not entirely sure.

SuperBking1340 Now that I think about it more, using the mass of the two given particles and the angle of recoil from the charged particle, it could be determined what direction the neutral particle rebounded in.

+SuperBking1340 good question, but unfortunately I don't know the answer to that, you would need to ask the people that assemble nuclear weapons for the answer to that

+mark lister Im from new zealand too and really enjoyed this lecture

Use the fissile material for the remaining 2 bombs for 1 bomb.

You've got enough material for a 100kt explosion? Is that assuming the impossible efficiency of 100%, are are you assuming maximum possible efficiency of 33, but only getting 16%? 16% is pretty good. Are you using uranium or plutonium? Boosted or unboosted? Reflected or unreflected? Tamped or untamped? How precise is your neutron injection timing?

Some speculate that the yield of a nuclear bomb is dictated by the by its position in celestial space. So, it may fizzle or it may go BOOM.

some dude haha yup. I’m a Feynman fan so naturally this pops in my feed.

+Al Johnson Da.

No but your racism was

This level of understanding of the thermonuke is trivial. However, it was only arrived at after 40 years of experimentation and testing, which might lead you to the clue that a lot is unsaid here. Go read Clancy's "The Sum of All Fears" to put yourself to sleep.

+YELLING ARNOLD (IS EVERYWHERE) Got anything better than that?

eatenbytheweasel americans

Miniaturisation. The smallest fission bombs in the US arsenal are literally the size of a football. The smallest high-yield fusion bombs are smaller than the fission bombs other nations have.

CVbeats to be fair more people wouldve died if they didnt bomb hiroshima and nagasaki vs an invasion of japan, the lesser of two evils if you will

+getorfmalawn Its called a "slick". I think it does not actually turn black. When the hyper-sonic shock wave travels thru the water the surface becomes a little smoother thus not reflecting light as well. Right behind that shock wave is the one traveling slightly slower thru the air. Where the air wave meets the surface of the water it creates an effect call "cracking". It disturbs the surface of the "slick" and causes it to then appear white.

Cheers Tyler ...I since posting found the term "slick" mentioned in Wiki of all places .... Ive been thinking the phenomena is connected to the property of water to form a temporary "Lattice" through its H-bond network,... acting similar to a Black Body type absorber .....temporarily negating reflection ... you're explanation is not entirely excluded in that process, ( speculative as it is) with the tremendous energy compressing the molecules into forming the lattice .... interesting stuff thanks again for your reply mate

+getorfmalawn It looks like i spoke too soon on the "cracking" too. It appears that the cracking happens before the air pressure gets there. I assume the cracking is the result of the "slick energy" being released from the lattice as it decompresses. Can you expand on that?

If you want to get technical, wouldn't it be the mass and radiation transferred from the primary to the secondary?

Eric Wesson tellar-ulam

Bryan Carter Even if you assert that what you said is correct, the radiation pressure is what starts the main reaction in the secondary. A distinction without a difference.

if we are getting technical, it was radiation pressure. all momentum is carried by photons

False. radiation pressure results from the kinetic energy of the photons (yes, photons, despite having mass, have an energy associated with them). Ablation pressure is a different mechanism.

They initially used a beryllium reflector and a U-238 tamper in the primary. I think they eventually said fuck it and just use a U-238 tamper/reflector to save space and weight in the primary. I also don't believe they use explosive lenses any more. The problem with explosive lenses is that they have a long aspect ratio to turn an expanding spherical wave into a converging wave because the difference in detonation velocity between the two explosives isn't that great. In the Swan test they used an "air lens", which looked like a prolate spheroid (two pointy sides of an egg) surrounded by high explosives. The explosives would be initiated at two points and as the detonation proceeded from the "poles" towards the "equator" of the metal plate it would be launched at subsonic speeds and be reshaped into a sphere. This impacted on and ignited a high explosive surrounding the pit and a tamper; this high explosive pushed off of the metal plate and compressed the primary. If you get the microsecond timing of the detonators wrong, the plutonium pit is squeezed into a peanut shape and criticality is prevented; therefor you shouldn't get a nuclear yield if you drop the device and the high explosive goes off (one point safety). This design is smaller, lighter, but probably not as efficient as a high explosive lenses. In a thermonuclear weapon that goes ontop of an ICBM you don't care if the primary is very efficient as you'd rather save a half a tonne of weight than half a kilogram of plutonium. The goal was to put say 6 decoys, a bunch of shaff and 3 real warheads ontop of one ICBM that can be launched from anywhere and to anywhere on the surface of the Earth; and super expensive plutonium became not that super-expensive.

Little boy used tungsten carbide, fat man used natural uranium. In more modern weapons, beryllium and beryllium oxide are used.

Modern thermonuclear primaries don't use natural or depleted uranium tampers. Fusion boosted weapons don't really need tamping.

You're correct... Plutonium 238 is used as a heat source in very long-range exploring spacecraft (Voyager, etc). There's a special material that gives off electricity if one side is cold and the other hot, so one side is heated by the Pu -238, and the other side radiates heat off into outer space, at around 400 below zero F.

OpenGL4ever Sketches of the bomb structures are not correct. The explanation of the function is correct.

dieselscience How do you know? Have you ever developed a nuclear bomb for a country?

Do you know what Y-12 is?

dieselscience Now i know. But what is about you?

"But what is about you?" - If English is not your native language, that's OK but I don't understand what you are asking..

+SwingingChoke No. Graphite is a good moderator, better than water. Control rods are made of materials like cadmium and hafnium that have large cross sections for absorbing neutrons at desired energies. Inserting them blocks neutrons. Inserting graphite rods, which are not control rods, moderates the neutrons (slows them down without absorbing them), slow neutrons fission uranium-235 or Pu-239 more readily, which speeds up the reaction. Chernobyl was a graphite-moderated reactor with light water cooling. Water is also a decent moderator a poor neutron absorber. If it ever gets hot enough that steam bubbles form in the reactor, neutrons zip across those steam bubbles and hit graphite, which is a better moderator than regular light water in that it doesn't absorb as many neutrons; that means, if it boils in the reactor, the reactivity increases. The water is operating as a "liquid control rod" that is never supposed to be removed. Among the fission products, there are isotopes which absorb neutrons readily. The most important one of these is xenon-135. This isotope is a neutron-hungry monster. When you start a reactor up, there is no xenon-135 because it has all decayed. Over a few hours it will build up in the reactor, decreasing the reactivity. It reaches an equilibrium when it is being destroyed as fast as it is created. In the Chernobyl reactor they had been operating at full power, creating a lot of iodine-135, which decays into xenon-135. As they ramped the power down, they eventually had trouble maintaining the right level of reactivity because xenon-135 was being formed from decaying iodine-135 faster than they were burning it off, so they manually removed control rods to maintain the reactor to keep it running. Eventually the xenon-135 burned off, which increased reactivity, which increased power, which burned off xenon-135 faster, which increased reactivity. When they noticed the power unexpectedly and rapidly increasing; from low levels towards normal levels; they SCRAMed the reactor to shut it down. The control rods were tipped with graphite, which is not a control rod, but prevents water from entering the channels were the control rods are withdrawn, giving even more control. The control rods had been withdrawn so far, manually, that water had entered these channels. The water is essentially acting like a weak, liquid control rod in these channels when present. As they insert the control rods graphite tip first to try to shut down the reaction, they push this water out of the channel with the graphite tip, replacing water with an excellent graphite moderator. This made the power increase rapidly far beyond what the reactor could take. Things overheated, broke, warped and they could not get the control rods more than about a third of the way in before they got stuck. From mathematical simulation and witness accounts it is believed that the power was about 30 GW thermal when the first steam explosion happened (ten times normal; 3 GW thermal -> 1 GW electric), lifting a 2000 ton steel plate, and after that the excursion continued (less water) until the second more serious explosion dispersed the core so that it was no longer critical. The second explosion can have been caused by several different candidates, e.g. hydrogen from hot zirconium in steam, or hydrogen and carbon monoxide from hot graphite or prompt criticality, equaling about 10 tonnes of TNT in explosive force.

Thank you, I appreciate the clarification for me. I have a great understanding now.

Just the fact that you underestimate yourself is a sign of a higher IQ. Plus I don't think average IQ blokes Care about this stuff. They are watching Britney Spears videos.

Not to mention look how many people have watched pt 1 vs pt 2. I bet most of the numbers who started pt1 never finished Pt1 let alone pt2.

If you are talking about nuclear fuel rods, that is a lot different from fuel for a bomb. Nuclear weapons have uranium enriched to close to 100%, while nuclear power plants are generally less than 5%. That means less fissionable U235, and is also the reason a reactor could never lead to a nuclear explosion.

Arnold maybe the reactor couldn't explode but there can still be fallout radiation for miles, also even tho reactor rods aren't the weapons grade choice , they can still be made into a crude / effective substitute. Which is what Mr. Harvard man said.

Just look carefully at the video.. All neutrons have to be captured by a U235 core and cause another fission.. Most will be leaking or not be captured..

And the powerplant also features control rods that absorb enough neutrons so that the chain reaction never goes logarithmic.

Jonas Carlsson Yeah I get it for a powerplant, but what about in a bomb where you have a core of fuel sitting there? Seems like fission would spontaneously occur.

Well, I guess he knows what he's talking about, he sure seems smart enough... But, it'd be kinda hard to measure, don't you think?

A Fission reaction is used to trigger a Fusion Reaction.

Yes, it happens for an extremely small period of time though.

Good question! Amazing how you get confident answers that don’t answer your question at all. It’s ok to not know the answer folks.

Fissile cores do not reach billions of degrees. In kelvin, we're talk around tens of millions. Maybe 70 million max.

It's obviously not radiation pressure because that's a piss-weak effect compared to ablation pressure.

The x-rays cause the tamper surrounding the secondary spark plug to ablate so explosively that it causes a rocket effect. The tamper blasts cylindrically inward from all sides, compressing the spark plug to fission pressure + temperature. Ignition of the spark plug then pushes the tamper back out again, which kills the reaction before it even leaves the bomb casing. It happens so fast that they had to load the first H-bombs with paraffin to slow the neutrons from the primary down so they wouldn't reach the spark plug before it had compressed all the way.

It is true enough for real world purposes. Measurements in black rain areas indicate that doses could have been as high as 44 rads (0.44 Sv for gammas) at the top range of estimates. This is between nothing and fuck-all in terms of serious injury from radiation. Modern nuclear weapons are larger. Most are in the few hundred kT range. Which gives a larger fireball that rises more rapidly, giving less, not more local fallout from an air burst.