Op-Amps - Using Operational Amplifiers

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DroneBot Workshop

DroneBot Workshop

День тому

Op-amps are like analog building blocks; you can create almost anything with them. Today, we’ll learn how to use these versatile components, alone and with an Arduino.
Article with code: dronebotworkshop.com/op-amp
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Operational Amplifiers, or “op-amps,” were initially designed for use in analog computers back in the 1940s. In fact, the “operational” in the name is a reference to the op-amp's ability to perform mathematical operations on voltages, which is how analog computers represent numbers.
Op-amps have been available in integrated circuit (IC) format for nearly 60 years and have become a vital component in analog electronic design. There are two reasons for their popularity:
1 - They are versatile - Op-amps can be configured into dozens of basic circuits.
2 - They are inexpensive - Op-amps are pretty cheap! One of the devices we will look at today costs about 10 cents per op-amp.
You can also use operational amplifiers to “glue” analog and digital electronics; in fact, one of the demos today uses an op-amp with an Arduino.
Aside from that, we’ll also learn how op-amps work, how to configure them into several basic “analog building block” circuits, how to build a light-sensitive switch using them, and how to turn a single power supply into a dual one using an op-amp.
Here is the Table of Contents for today's video:
00:00 - Introduction
02:20 - Operational Amplifiers
12:14 - Popular Op-Amps
16:17 - Op Amp Basic Circuits Hookup
18:32 - Voltage Follower (Buffer)
21:03 - Inverting Amplifier
22:36 - Non-Inverting Amplifier
24:06 - Low-Pass Filter
25:53 - High-Pass Filter
27:33 - Square & Triangle Wave Generator
29:22 - Op Amps with Arduino
34:58 - Light-Sensitive Switch
38:00 - Single to Dual Power Supply
42:13 - Conclusion
One other thing to note is that “classic” components, like op-amps, didn’t seem to be affected by the global chip shortage. One more reason to consider using them in your designs!
Hope you enjoy the video.
Bill

КОМЕНТАРІ: 265
@Dronebotworkshop
@Dronebotworkshop 3 місяці тому
Hi everyone - It's come to my attention that there has been someone masquerading as myself, responding to some comments here with a link to a Telegram chat to win a prize from me. THIS IS A SCAM, I am not holding a contest, nor do I have a Telegram account. PLEASE DO NOT RESPOND TO THESE MESSAGES!! It's happening on a lot of my videos, I'm taking steps to remove them manually, but as I have 162 videos, it will take some time. If you do run across a suspicious comment, I would appreciate you letting me know at info@dronebotworkshop.com. Thanks! Bill (The real one!)
@guyprovost
@guyprovost 3 місяці тому
Yep, just got one and reported it.
@DownhillAllTheWay
@DownhillAllTheWay 3 місяці тому
Thanks for posting this. I got the "prize" response, but I was pretty ssure it was a scam. Nobody offers prizes to somebody who never joined the competition unless they are expecting to get something out of it. Did you ever hear the upshot from anybody biting at the bait?
@korrige1
@korrige1 18 днів тому
Ok Sir
@Dronebotworkshop
@Dronebotworkshop 11 місяців тому
Sorry for taking SO long to get another video out, as many of you are aware, we had an ice storm last month that cut my power off for 5 days, and dropped a tree onto my house and another one onto my car. So lots of interruptions while we got that sorted out, and it delayed me from working in the workshop. The tree is off the house now, and I have a rental while the car is being repaired, so I should have another one out shortly. Hope you enjoy this one! Bill
@justmc62
@justmc62 11 місяців тому
Glad you are safe... Mother Nature can really show who's boss. Thanks for the update and the new tutorial.
@AliHussein-bb3ie
@AliHussein-bb3ie 11 місяців тому
Sorry to hear that 😢
@user-mr3mf8lo7y
@user-mr3mf8lo7y 11 місяців тому
Glad you sorted out.
@stevesopenrocket
@stevesopenrocket 11 місяців тому
Wow! Glad to see you are safe! As usual, an excellent video.
@jwtfpv8957
@jwtfpv8957 11 місяців тому
Hi Bill, Hope you sort everything out soon. Chin up. Cheers Jase :)
@ingoschmied6811
@ingoschmied6811 11 місяців тому
Your videos are of the highest quality! You obviously put a lot of time and effort into making them, and it is greatly appreciated.
@apbosh1
@apbosh1 11 місяців тому
I always try to guess the catch phrase at the beginning, I was sure you'd go for "there's a lot to gain so let's begin" I was wrong of course.
@nathanielcabansay4535
@nathanielcabansay4535 11 місяців тому
Good day, Mr. Bill, with regards to the non-inverting amplifier, the actual formula is (1 + RF/RD) * VIN, so the actual amplifier gain when using 1k ohms as RF and 1k ohms as RD is actually 2, which explains why the output sine wave is bigger.
@anithasshenoy6662
@anithasshenoy6662 2 місяці тому
This deserves appreciation. One of the best explanation of Op-Amps and demonstrations. Thank you very much.
@michaelphares7155
@michaelphares7155 11 місяців тому
You're like the Bob Ross of Electronics Design. I took a course in analog electronics and spent a lot of time around the theory of Op Amps, but never really got taught about some of their more practical applications. This video was great at keeping things simple, to the point, and wonderful demonstrations to accompany each example. I've liked your videos for a long time, keep up the awesome work!
@JonathanDeWitt1988
@JonathanDeWitt1988 11 місяців тому
Bill, I'm very sorry to hear about the ice storm and the damage it did to your vehicle. I'm glad you are ok! This was another wonderful video. Thank you for addressing op amps, a challenging subject. You made them a lot more approachable. Thank you also for noting that the formulas for gain are estimations and explaining why (the mention of not including impedances in the formulas). This video is going to help so many people better understand this subject.
@AjaxCrypto
@AjaxCrypto 11 місяців тому
You just made me feel really old as I remember when the 741 Opp Amp was released 1968. They were a hassle to design circuits for as they required two power supplies, both a positive and negative with a shared ground. The LM324 (1974) was so much easier to use with its single sided supply.
@wafikiri_
@wafikiri_ 11 місяців тому
Maaybe as old as me. I used two 741 op amps in the early '70's to build an electronic théremin, with two capacitive plates for control of tone and volume through respective variable, high frequency oscillators and superhetherodine amplifiers whose residual frecuency, in one of them, was rectified and converted into gain control for the other's audio amplifier.
@mikevanin1
@mikevanin1 11 місяців тому
The usual high standards that we've learned to expect! Great video, with flawless production. Sorry to hear about the devastating ice storm. It's remarkable that you could *still* produce this video. Best wishes for a speedy "recovery", Bill!
@pcantele
@pcantele 11 місяців тому
Thank you for the great explanation! I studied op amps in school back in the mid '70's, but never such a good explanation! 😀
@lastawake2822
@lastawake2822 7 місяців тому
Thank you very much for very useful projects and ideas of using opamps. This splitter power supply is fantastic.
@pixelsquarelight
@pixelsquarelight 11 місяців тому
I've been a long time viewer but extremely infrequent commenter. I just wanted to say that I truly and sincerely appreciate your videos. I very much appreciate your clear even comprehensible tone and explanations. I truly appreciate what a valuable tool your videos are and how much value they have brought to my project. Thank you very much
@guyprovost
@guyprovost 10 місяців тому
You are such a good teacher, this is mind boggling. Way better than teachers I had at university!
@paulchamberlain7942
@paulchamberlain7942 8 місяців тому
Fantastic video as always. I'm sure all your viewers hope all that storm damage is fixed as soon as possible. Picturing the storm damage in my mind led to my imagining how you may have dealt with such a testing situation. What came to mind was an incredibly calm and serene and methodical step by step resolution to all the problems. Perhaps one day you could share the story in more detail? How the interactions with the relevant parties went etc. I can only imagine your methods of dealing with this situation would be a lesson to most of the rest of us viewers too. I know I wouldn't have been calm and methodical if a tree had landed on my house and another one on my car too! I can't imagine you getting angry or losing the plot at all!
@kylereed3577
@kylereed3577 11 місяців тому
Thanks Bill, another great video! Sorry to hear about your troubles hope they are resolved soon.
@flashcorp76
@flashcorp76 11 місяців тому
Sorry for the trouble you've had with the Ice storm, I can relate (more or less...) We've had a really heavy Hail storm around our place that caused a huge roof leak... all fixed now ! And really happy to watch your videos once again, always something informative there. Keep up the great work (and yes it takes Work !), and courage !
@jeffschroeder4805
@jeffschroeder4805 2 місяці тому
I have watched numerous explanations of operational amplifiers and this is the best. I really appreciate the documentation you make available. It makes it much easier to actually replicate your demonstrations, trying to follow along with a video is much too frustrating. Thank you for your commitment to teaching others.
@adjeiwilliam4173
@adjeiwilliam4173 3 місяці тому
Great demonstrations. Much clearer than what I learnt back at school 13yrs ago. Good job
@jonreiser2206
@jonreiser2206 11 місяців тому
I’ve got to take the prerequisite class to this video. This is very obviously a super informative video. I’ve been learning a lot from this channel. There are just too many concepts and terms I haven’t learned yet. This one will go in the watch later folder.
@korrige1
@korrige1 18 днів тому
Mr work shop thank you for sharing your knowledge..I am from Jamaica and I found a sudden interest in electronics engineering since September last year. I am will to accept all the help I can get.. again thank you and many blessings to everyone on your channel
@alanh8664
@alanh8664 10 місяців тому
Greetings. The crkt you have at about 39 minutes, is used on B-1B aircraft. I added a small cap from the opamp output to the common emitter. This allowed a small amount of current (few mA) to flow during the opamp swing between one BE to the other BE transition. It greatly reduced "noise" and reduced the output impedance passing thru open circute etc
@jeffbeck6501
@jeffbeck6501 7 місяців тому
Best electronics video of all time. All different uses of an op amp including low pass and high pass filters, ...that was unexpected. I wanted to learn about op amps and active crossover circuits and this video killed many birds in one shot.
@jmtx.
@jmtx. 11 місяців тому
Thanks for such a clear and concise intro to op-amps!
@thomaslisson5619
@thomaslisson5619 11 місяців тому
This excellent video spares a book. You have the talent to explain complicated things simply. 👍
@PhG1961
@PhG1961 11 місяців тому
Yeah I noticed your absence! Glad to see you're back and that everything gets sorted out. Very informative video and a nice recap of things that I almost had forgotten.
@patwicker1358
@patwicker1358 11 місяців тому
Nice coverage Bill. You did a good job of boiling down to the essentials.
@sikuq
@sikuq 10 місяців тому
Thank you for your single to dual voltage circuit. It works great.
@jim5148
@jim5148 8 місяців тому
Good video. You put in a LOT of work to make it.
@jimwolsiffer4397
@jimwolsiffer4397 11 місяців тому
Very good lesson Bill! I needed a refresher. I am working in NBA circuit to take a 0 -5 vdc control and set it up to run several independent motor controllers. My 1st thought was to feed the single control voltage to several unity gain op amps so that each one could then be the control input to its corresponding controller and track properly the changes of the input voltage. The 324 should do the trick.
@MarcelHuguenin
@MarcelHuguenin 11 місяців тому
Excellent video Bill, very nicely laid out, good graphics as always and great explanation. Thank you!
@c_b5060
@c_b5060 5 місяців тому
This is the absolute best Op Amp video I've ever seen. Subscribed.
@tomcolby3052
@tomcolby3052 11 місяців тому
Excellent explanation- will be very helpful for me in developing some circuits for hobby project.
@danielostlund4508
@danielostlund4508 10 місяців тому
Well i must say i am very impressed by this tutorial. I think probably the best and easy understanding video i have seen in a very long time, and i´ve seen a lot of tutorials but they are so over-mathematical and complicated. You are a very inspiring person for both young and old folks who are new to micro computing and small electronic hobbys. I have recantly diving into the arduino and rpi pico djungle of projects and try to sort all fun and facts in my head cause it´s a lot to take in.
@baffel100
@baffel100 6 місяців тому
Spot on and great easy to understand instruction, even for a beginner and a amateur like me. Great content as always!
@duncan8238
@duncan8238 10 місяців тому
Great content as always, I have learned more from this channel than I did in school!
@pigmanuk
@pigmanuk 11 місяців тому
Sounds like you've been having fun Bill 🙂 Great to have another video. Keep up the great work.
@mspurling2010
@mspurling2010 8 місяців тому
Awesome video, thank you!
@Keith80027
@Keith80027 11 місяців тому
Thanks for bringing back memories from 45 years ago!
@electroreveal6434
@electroreveal6434 3 місяці тому
Very good video, excellent explanation, I myself used op-amp 741 to build a triggering circuit for Silicon Controlled Rectifier. to control DC motor speed.
@saravanampatti1
@saravanampatti1 11 місяців тому
What a wonderful video. You enlighten the world. Great service to humanity.
@warrenking1815
@warrenking1815 11 місяців тому
Excellent video well thought out and clear. Op amps the adjustable wrench of electronics.
@ChrisHalden007
@ChrisHalden007 11 місяців тому
Nice video. Specially the last part about negative voltage supply. Thanks
@333cgs333
@333cgs333 11 місяців тому
Such a timeless video! Thanks a lot
@drivera0502
@drivera0502 11 місяців тому
22:37 I want to offer a correction to the gain formula here. Inverting does follow the -Rf/Ri but the noninverting gain follows 1+Rf/Ri, so for setting Rf and Ri equal, the gain 2 which better matches your oscilloscope readout. Otherwise very informative video and of the op-amps, as I work with 5V sources a lot, I go by the MCP6022 almost religiously, using a virtual ground set at 2.5V for sinusoidal operations
@caffeinatedinsanity2324
@caffeinatedinsanity2324 11 місяців тому
Good catch. I noticed that as well.
@Vahe.Caliskan
@Vahe.Caliskan 11 місяців тому
Good eyes! Yes, the gain should be (1+RF/RD) using the notation presented. The scope shot did show that the output was in phase and the amplitude of the output was higher than the input amplitude. With RF=RD=1k, the gain should be 2. However, it seemed that the gain was higher than 2 since the scope channels were at 50mV/div for Channel 1 and 500mV/div for Channel 2.
@drivera0502
@drivera0502 11 місяців тому
@@Vahe.Caliskan i couldn't see both channel settings but they were off by a factor of 10, which I assumed was likely different probes that didn't have the proper scaling since some use 10x and others use 1x
@Vahe.Caliskan
@Vahe.Caliskan 11 місяців тому
@@drivera0502 I saw the volt/div settings on the lower left of the scope face and you may be correct on the probe settings.
@slordmo2263
@slordmo2263 11 місяців тому
Glad the 'commenters' saw that, it was a glaring error, it might not make a difference at 'higher' gains, (I.e. A gain of 101 not 100, doesn't give a big error as a gain of let's say 11 instead of 10).
@DigiLab360
@DigiLab360 11 місяців тому
Incredible info and presentation. Thank you so much 👏
@christianlemire9883
@christianlemire9883 11 місяців тому
Toujours aussi instructif et divertissant! La meilleure chaîne de ce genre !bravo !
@kaleoride
@kaleoride 3 місяці тому
Il est très bon!
@10760910eugenioyoutu
@10760910eugenioyoutu 9 місяців тому
Thanks so much for a very extensive and useful material you took the time to developed for this video. Best on the topic !! 🏆🏆🏆
@Tech-Relief
@Tech-Relief 10 місяців тому
Very useful, I will put a link on my PC to remind me about OPAMP circuits when I need one...
@fofobadri
@fofobadri 11 місяців тому
An excellent and comprehensive lesson and a perfect job. Thank you. You can make a metal detector for us and distinguish metals by sound
@kellyspoolhall761
@kellyspoolhall761 8 місяців тому
Thanks Bill 👍 I am really enjoying your channel!
@mikejohn5573
@mikejohn5573 11 місяців тому
Your non inverting amplifier with the 2 equal resistors actually has a gain of 2 because the output is divided by 2 and voltage at the inverting input matches that at the non inverting. The gain formula for this configuration is 1 + (Rf / Rd)
@KoffeeByker
@KoffeeByker 11 місяців тому
Yes
@kinghenry238
@kinghenry238 7 місяців тому
Awesome video!
@calebsuit5390
@calebsuit5390 3 місяці тому
I love your videos man. Your channel is elite for electrical engineering.
@peterlethbridge7859
@peterlethbridge7859 11 місяців тому
A brilliant and helpful video. Thank you so much
@wherami
@wherami 11 місяців тому
Incredible material. Thank you
@ThatJay283
@ThatJay283 9 місяців тому
i just made my first amplifier that actually sounds good with an op amp. i used LM358 for it. when i turn the gain up high enough, it even picks up radio signals lol, so i totally see why audio equipment is always in faraday cages. for the dual supply i just used the other side of the LM358 with another NPN transistor and a voltage divider to provide my common ground.
@stavrosnikiforos7798
@stavrosnikiforos7798 Місяць тому
Thank you very much! Awesome work and great explanations.
@elmono558
@elmono558 9 місяців тому
If you don't need a lot of current (
@4Fixerdave
@4Fixerdave 11 місяців тому
You know.. for $0.10 you could get a CH32V003. It's a 32-bit 48Mhz RISC-V2A processor with 2KB SRAM and 16KB Flash... 10 cents in quantities of 50 for the 8-pin variant. It actually costs more in shipping than it costs for the device... *and it comes with a built-in Op-Amp* :) Analog op-amp exposed right to the pins (with a bit of configuration). Single-side supply, but still useful. Doubt the specs are particularly impressive, but whatever. So, you could buy a 10-cent op-amp for your project... and it comes with an MCU for, you know... whatever. :) Crazy world we live in now. Oh, and thanks for the refresher course. I wanted to try out this integrated op-amp... figured I should start with the basics.
@Robolearning
@Robolearning 9 місяців тому
You are the best youtuber at tech side when it comes to presenting the content who is not just hurry to present something in a rash (Hope I am correct ). Excellent !!!!!!
@perrseb5772
@perrseb5772 11 місяців тому
Thank you very much! This is of great value!
@874D8
@874D8 24 дні тому
fantastic video and resources, thank you very much!!!
@korrige1
@korrige1 18 днів тому
Also I would be happy to join groups so I can learn all the principles that is possible 😊
@conwaynoel3715
@conwaynoel3715 9 місяців тому
Brilliant vid my friend , re - learned a whole load about Op-amps that I'd forgotten , thank you !
@user-xs1ej5mo1y
@user-xs1ej5mo1y 11 місяців тому
Loved it; thank you so much.!
@scottakam
@scottakam 11 місяців тому
Thanks. Always great information.
@temyraverdana6421
@temyraverdana6421 11 місяців тому
Great video, very useful. Thanks a lot
@utkf16
@utkf16 10 місяців тому
Brilliant lesson thank you
@John-we7jx
@John-we7jx 5 місяців тому
Very clear instruction 😊
@rdhunkins
@rdhunkins 11 місяців тому
Any new student starting Electrical Engineering should watch your videos before going to class. Understanding the principles you put forth would help when the student is presented with circuit analysis problems from a dry as bones professor. I speak from personal experience from 30 years ago.
@aleisterlavey9716
@aleisterlavey9716 11 місяців тому
We had a teacher as dry a it gets, but the practical experimenting (that was in the curriculum) helped a lot.
@arianashfaqakash3363
@arianashfaqakash3363 8 місяців тому
can you please check the gain equation for the non inverting amp configuration (23 min). i believe that will be (Av = 1+ Rf/Rd)
@fmphotooffice5513
@fmphotooffice5513 11 місяців тому
Excellent presentation.
@RyansCustomShopandGearOutlet
@RyansCustomShopandGearOutlet 9 місяців тому
Very cool! Liked and subscribed!
@venkatyalamati3285
@venkatyalamati3285 6 місяців тому
Thanks for the quality content as usual ❤
@Vahe.Caliskan
@Vahe.Caliskan 11 місяців тому
For inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, the voltage gain AV should not have the Vin term as a multiplier since AV=Vout/Vin. So AV=-RF/Rin for the inverting amplifier and AV=(1+RF/RD) for the non-inverting amplifier. What is shown is actually the output voltage Vout. The extra 1 term in AV for the non-inverting amplifier has already been pointed out in a previous comment.
@emmanuelgenerale2821
@emmanuelgenerale2821 10 місяців тому
Thankyou for your effort
@kaybhee6
@kaybhee6 8 місяців тому
damn good,,, clear.... u should make most basic fully illustrated short books
@emmanuelgenerale2821
@emmanuelgenerale2821 10 місяців тому
Thanks for this, very helpfull video.
@bkj242
@bkj242 3 місяці тому
Very good overall OpenPlay tutorial as always well done!!
@bkj242
@bkj242 3 місяці тому
Meant to say OpAmp not OpenPlay? …….
@your_utube
@your_utube 11 місяців тому
Great video as usual. Thanks!
@rolfgrupp7228
@rolfgrupp7228 8 місяців тому
Exelent !
@GiC7
@GiC7 7 місяців тому
Thanks, master
@papajahatmamabaik2050
@papajahatmamabaik2050 5 місяців тому
You sir explain better. Thank you.
@parthpatel1605
@parthpatel1605 9 місяців тому
Nice explained 👌👍
@vanhetgoor
@vanhetgoor 11 місяців тому
As always . . . very informative :)
@user-fi2et6js1j
@user-fi2et6js1j 5 місяців тому
Thank you, for this Super good Video agin!
@BillySugger1965
@BillySugger1965 11 місяців тому
Minor point, but an offset voltage in the range 1-10mV is the typical offset at the _input,_ not the output. Others have commented on other relevant points. But a very well presented tutorial. Many thanks.
@clearlinetechnologycorp.5974
@clearlinetechnologycorp.5974 11 місяців тому
Was going to say the same, good catch!
@surgingcircuits6955
@surgingcircuits6955 11 місяців тому
Excellent, Excellent, Excellent. Thx!
@advancednutritioninc908
@advancednutritioninc908 11 місяців тому
Excellent video! Very well done and explained thoroughly! Liked! Subbed!!
@girideshkumar4
@girideshkumar4 10 місяців тому
Thank you so much ✌
@jeetenzhurlollz8387
@jeetenzhurlollz8387 10 місяців тому
As usual an excellent video
@martysomoco
@martysomoco 11 місяців тому
This video is sensational! You are the Albert Paul Malvino of UKposts.
@timothymitchell7250
@timothymitchell7250 11 місяців тому
Very helpful!
@wolfberrinhos7068
@wolfberrinhos7068 11 місяців тому
Thank you, Verry good Video.
@davidbrooks8621
@davidbrooks8621 10 місяців тому
Bill, Thank you very much. In the frequency equation you missed the pi in the denominator.
@jimdean7335
@jimdean7335 11 місяців тому
Thanks for the content. I have a BUGBOOK on op amps by Howard Berlin in my library. I just looked, it has a first printing date of 1977. I’ve had it since then. For you younger viewers we used real books before the evolution of the internet.
@ChrisMcKennaCMK
@ChrisMcKennaCMK 11 місяців тому
Great videos thanks! This and the NE555 was especially useful. I hope you do more on common IC's. Is there a big difference between opamps and comparators like the LM339?
@drivera0502
@drivera0502 11 місяців тому
From what I've come across op-amps begin to wear down when working close to the rails for an extended period of time. Comparators will last longer and can often come with built-in hysteresis to avoid erratic spiking when the 2 input voltages are close to each other
@kennmossman8701
@kennmossman8701 7 місяців тому
Comparators switch faster, wide input range, and can swing closer to the voltage rails
@ronen124
@ronen124 11 місяців тому
buen articulo gracias por la informacion refrescante
@venkatyalamati3285
@venkatyalamati3285 6 місяців тому
Plz make a video on which op amp model is best for precision full wave rectifier implementation for enabling arduino to measure negative voltages
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