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Manic syndrome. Delirium of greatness, 1995
© And sometimes it drips,
Like tears, rain.
lovely raindrops,
You can't help me.
wind playing,
Rustling leaves.
Sad in my heart -
I'm not with you.
white birches,
red light rowan...
What is this for me
If I'm alone? ©
Manic syndrome (other Greek μανία "passion; madness; attraction") is a syndrome characterized by a triad of symptoms: increased mood by the type of hyperthymia, ideational and mental arousal in the form of acceleration of thinking and speech (tachypsychia), motor excitation.
The manic syndrome is also characterized, but not always, by an increase in instinctive activity (increased appetite, sexuality, increased self-protective tendencies), increased distractibility, overestimation of one's own personality (sometimes reaching delusional ideas of grandeur).
To detect manic syndrome, a test for mania is used - the so-called Altman scale.
Most often, manic syndrome is observed as part of bipolar affective disorder. In these cases, it proceeds paroxysmal, in the form of "episodes" with characteristic stages of development. The severity of the symptoms that make up the structure of a manic episode can be different, vary in one patient depending on the stage of development of the disease.
In addition, a manic syndrome can be observed with infectious, toxic, organic and other psychoses, on the basis of a cerebral or general somatic disease. Therefore, it is necessary to make a thorough physical examination of manic patients. In particular, manic syndrome can be a manifestation of hyperthyroidism.
Manic syndrome can also be induced by drugs or drugs (for example, antidepressants, teturam, bromides, mepacrine (Acriquin), isoniazid, corticosteroids, levodopa, bromocriptine, hallucinogens, opiates, cocaine, and other stimulant drugs), develop after a medical illness or surgical operations. Manic syndrome with the use of antidepressants develops not only in patients with bipolar affective disorder, but also (much less often) in patients with unipolar depression and in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the differential diagnosis of patients who present with mania while taking antidepressants (and also in those who abuse psychoactive substances), a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder can be considered only if the symptoms of mania were present before the start of the antidepressant or drug, or if they last at least a month after its cancellation.
Risk factors for the development of manic syndrome in patients with bipolar depression include (based on data obtained mainly from small or retrospective studies):
Taking antidepressants (especially tricyclics)
Comorbid substance abuse
Relatively younger age
Decreased TSH levels
fast cycling
SS genotype of the serotonin transporter
Having Bipolar I Disorder
Hyperthymic temperament (hyperthymic personality accentuation)
Presence of mixed depression
Patient's previous number of manic episodes
Absence of normotimic in the treatment regimen
Female
Presence of psychosis
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Oligophrenia, Imbecility, Depressive syndrome, Depression, Epileptic (concentric) dementia
Korsakov's amnestic syndrome, apathetic-abulic syndrome, total dementia, schizoaffective psychosis, psychosis, schizophrenia, manic syndrome, epilepsy, debility, confusion, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's illness, neurosis, hysteria. hysterical neurosis, imbecility, catatonic syndrome, delirium, acute delirium, Korsakov's syndrome, meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, otogenic meningoencephalitis, paraphrenic syndrome, paralysis, progressive paralysis, dementia, mental automatism, mental automatism syndrome, etc.
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