Go for it! It's not as scary as it seems at first :D

It'll be a back off it theatre/surgical assistant doesn't work out. Definitely looking into it seriously now though :D

Be warned - computer science is becoming a much more competitive field as labour becomes more plentiful from rapidly developing countries in Asia.

Well its always something to consider, it seems like an area thats going to ain popularity fairly quickly, it could just end up being a hobby, but thanks for the heads up, always appreciate people sharing their experience s

Im doing electrical engineering and find that it's a good mix of computer science and engineering since we do alot of the things computer science majors due (except for programming) and there is an insanely good job market for electrical engineers

vlogbrothers "Imaginary numbers are just as beautiful as imaginary stories." -- John Green (probably slightly misquoted). I'm glad you like it even with the math. I hope you stick around because the most fun parts of CS aren't so math heavy :)

vlogbrothers for whatever reason, I always enjoyed the math behind Binary. Beautifully simple.

I'm learnding.

John I love your world history videos, they are so informative and engaging :) and it's inspiring how you lead us to reflect on our own lives making history more powerful. I wish I was so engaged when I was younger! I love this current series for computer science as well. Thank you Crash Course :D!!!!!!!!!!!!

vlogbrothers if my grammer and adjectives were a grain of sand, John Green's would be the universe.(sorry Hank)

Same tho its 2:30 am for me but progress never sleeps!

It’s 3:21 am for me

Pi , please make your banner 3.14159265358979 etc.

Rachel Alaine 6:18 am

I read this as she was saying it lol, clever.

called out

Now that you know binary, you should be able to convert among binary, hexadecimal, and octal with ease.

Ha...

Hareowing

xD

trash joke

@@spryth2741 says the trash himself

Just embrace it.

Turn off caps lock

Thank you! I was thinking the same thing!!

TE // TeenagEdifier if you're interested I make some basic programming videos too!

watched harvard cs50 as well, did not learn a lot about computer science but a lot of what is wrong with our younger generation

@@billhutchens9666 so you dont reccomend harvard cs50? was about to start with it

@@ramonebneter3019 i am old school, you might like it. i would not avoid something because of someone else's opinion

David Park It's nice when people put CS in a nice easy-to-follow format.

Few Minute Programming Tru dat

No, he's on holiday right now. Maybe when he comes back.

Now Tom Scott should collaborate with crashcourse.

Linguistics CC

No, he isn't. He actually hates the Emoji shtick. Though maybe he shouldn't have built that emoji only messenger and an emoji keyboard then ...

Joe Greaves If you go to collage I think you should learn grammar

College*

Doesn't 2's compliment effectively create a sign bit anyway? 5 = 0 0000101 -5 = 1 1111011 You can still use the last bit to determine the sign of the number

Circuitrinos It does, yes. but, it makes things like adding and subtracting positive and negative numbers MUCH more convenient and easy

The original idea was to only use the first bit as a sign (that was called 1's complement), but that left us with an issue of there being -0 and +0 (10000000 and 00000000 respectively). This was then changed to the 2's complement format, which handily kept the sign bit property but got rid of the -0 +0 problem.

Spencer White not true for floating point values, like she mentioned in the video most computer architectures use IEEE 754 standard.

Yes it does (I'm majoring in computer engineering). But you are referring to only one type of signed bit representation called signed magnitude representation. 2's complement and 1's complement are still considered signed bit representations. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations

+1, good summary of that confusing nonsense

KB Still commonly means 1024 bytes despite also commonly meaning 1000 bytes. Kibibyte was created to solve this ambiguity but wasn't widely adopted. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilobyte

KB = 1024, Kb = 1000. In networking kB is 1000 transfered and not 1024. Which kinda feels like cheating the enduser of internet speed, but there you go.

Nobody uses "kibi" because the change in vernacular doesn't actually help, and would just make things more difficult. For one example, CPU cache lines are often defined as 4KB in size - that's 4096 bytes. That's useful because that represents 64 sets of 64 bytes, which can be nicely divided in to 512 64 bit numbers, or 1024 32 bit numbers, or 256 128 bit numbers - all common sizes programmers work with, and keeping it defined in powers of 2 keeps things nicely divisible. Software developers who keep track of their cache don't want to start referring to them as "4 point oh nine six KB" cache blocks, or purely in bytes (which would defeat the purpose anyway), and hardware developers don't want to change things because nobody wants to design a physical hardware bus with a bandwidth of 31-and-a-quarter 32 bit numbers just for the sake of being 24 closer to metric units. And nobody wants to say "kibibyte" because it sounds stupid. The one and only part of the tech sector that _does_ want the change though are hard drive manufacturers - because then they can sell you a "500GB" hard drive that's actually 465GB.

KingBobXIV, you bring up some good points on why it makes sense to have a unit that means 1024 bytes. The problem is that calling it "kilobyte" is just bad because "kilo" already means 1000 and now "kilobyte" can be interpreted in both ways. If it was called something else to begin with (Like "kibibyte" for example...) and "kilobyte" would never have meant 1024 bytes this problem would have been avoided. Unfortunately, people called it kilo, it stuck and now it's near impossible to fix since like you said "nobody wants to say 'kibibyte' because it sounds stupid". Also, nice profile pic, that meme is aging well.

2s complement is very relevant to binary computing crash course and worth talking about

What they said is correct. In two's complement, the MSB still encodes sign. They very carefully did not go into specifics about the other bits for integers. One of the authors talks about it in another comment thread.

Yeah I know that's why its a pedantic. She's right but not exactly right.

So how does the computer avoid confusing the numbers -7 and 9, if they're both 1001?

They dont. 9 would be to large for a four bit signed number to hold and would cause the overflow error I mentioned. Its the upper bounds and lower bounds of numbers she mentioned in the video. A 4 bit number in two's complimnet can only represent values from -8 to 7. For a more practical example of this error look up the Gandi nuke bug from civ 5. tldr. taking a small unsigned number and subtracting more then it causes a massive positive output.

The Ghandi bug was in the original Civilization, not in Civ 5.

and they still dont even answer how those place holders represent the exponent or the significant and by which process the computer multiplies or by which law the representation of the character 1 os on and 0 is off. Millions of unanswered questions. So hard to find videos that actually teach you something.

Some symbols are encoded across two 16 bit units. I think the two most significant bits in the first 16 bit unit encode whether it requires another 16 bits.

As Quarthinos said some some of them use two units. For example all the emoji flags are actually two unicode characters.

quarthinos Wikipedia says, "Unicode defines a codespace of 1,114,112 code points in the range 0hex to 10FFFFhex." That's a little more than 2^20. Without a lot of bit shuffling, that would fit most conveniently in 3 bytes. UTF-32 uses 32-bits, fixed length. UTF-16 uses 16 bits, with, as you say, a scheme for identifying some characters as 32-bit. Not sure why they did not do UTF-24, except for the common processor aversion to transfers not on a word boundary, and perhaps a desire to leave room for extraterrestrial languages. (actually, I do know that slightly suboptimal packing of the symbol space can make coding/decoding a lot easier)

Yeah, that was a minor misscripting there. Unicode has 2^32 code points (maximally, it's actually got a huge amount of empty space in there, too). And utf8 (not utf16) is the most common (because no matter how much data you think you use in your Java program, I assure you the amount of utf8 webpage data beats that), which can use 1-5 bytes for each code point, and the utf16 mentioned in the video can actually use 2-6 bytes for each code point, rather than the implied "only 2," because both utf8 and utf16 are special maps onto the full map of 32 bits. utf8 and utf16 can both represent any of the code points in the 32 bit map, by having a special sequences of significant bits mean "I need multiple bytes to represent this code point".

At 3:05, how come 1 added 3 times = 1 and not 0 (like she did before)?

musashi939 I think both the left and right have made it out to be a much bigger deal than it really is

Gender is what you identify as. Sex is what you biologically are.

+Josh McKown - Cue Bon Jovi's "Dead or Alive"

Its like the twin towers, there used to be two of them and now its really sensitive subject

VytenisR1 ...take the like, and don't tell a soul who you got it from

kilo means 1000, not 1024. Your thinking of something else there mate.

that's the joke dear boy. us old programmers were taught in the days were a kilobyte was 1024 bytes, a megabyte was 1024 kilobytes and so on an so forth. It was never a correct term in so far as SI units were concerned but it's always worth remembering the old days. tho nostalgia's not what it used to be

1024 is easier to represent in binary since it's just 2^10. That's why it is often used as a kilobyte in computer science. For the same reasons Megabyte and Gigabyte are 2^20 and 2^30 respectively. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilobyte

This is why we started using a different notation for binary and decimal values. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabyte For example, 1GB vs 1GiB. One's decimal and one's binary. You can even pronounce them differently: "gibibyte". Of course no one will know what you're talking about because it hasn't really caught on.

Depends on whether you're on OSX or Windows.

Joshua Baker you can't blame em considering all the info covered in one video

There's a comment up thread from one of the authors for this episode's script: They considered it, but decided against it to prevent confusion. It doesn't really matter unless you're trying to make adders, and I don't know that they're gonna get that far into the weeds.

What was misleading about it? The MSB in 2's complement does indicate the sign. 1111 (-1) + 0001 (1) = 0000 (0)

{sigh}

Few Minute Programming I love your videos! Still waiting for your next one 😄

You know what. I'm subscribing to your channel. Your thumbnails look cute and I'm looking forward to watching your videos and waiting for your channel to grow bigger.