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How to properly dig a trench or foundation pit for a retaining wall? It doesn't matter if you have a stone wall or a concrete one, its base should have a slope.
That is, we dig the bottom of the trench so that its inner side is 10-15 cm lower than the outer side.
Why bias? Indeed, from the side of the slope, the earth and rain and ground waters will constantly press on the retaining wall. And the retaining wall will constantly contain this pressure. The strength of the retaining wall is achieved by various factors. One of them is the slope of the trench foot and retaining wall to the slope.
There is no one size fits all trench depth. It is always best to dig a trench to “solid soil”.
If you have rock or rocky ground, then you do not need to fill in the concrete foundation. The retaining wall, and without it, will stand firmly on a stone foundation.
But if your soil consists of sand, earth and / or clay, then you need to pour a reinforced concrete layer. A crushed stone pillow should be made under the concrete layer. Crushed stone will also serve as a drainage system to drain water.
When you don't need a crushed stone pillow? For example, in our case, the soil under the retaining wall is very hard, rocky soil with earth, and it was a big problem for us to deepen below. If we filled in rubble and poured concrete on top, it would be visible from under the retaining wall, and this would spoil the whole appearance of the retaining wall.
If the retaining wall is planned to be more than 10 meters long, then construction joints must be made every 10 meters of the wall. This prevents the walls from cracking, especially during cold weather.
For more information about the slope of the retaining wall, see the website stonesuccess.vip/shcool/steni...
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