The German Wars of Unification - Bismarck's Rise I GLORY & DEFEAT

2 роки тому

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After the failed revolution of 1848, the German states within the German confederation were still moving towards unification. This movement would come from the citizens this time though but from the top. Prussia's chancellor Otto von Bismarck was using clever and aggressive diplomacy to outmaneuver his biggest German rival: Austria.
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realtimehistory.net/podcast - interviews with historians and background info for the show.
» LITERATURE
Arand, Tobias: 1870/71. Der Deutsch-Französische Krieg erzählt in Einzelschicksalen. Hamburg 2018
Bremm, Klaus-Jürgen: 1866. Bismarcks Krieg gegen die Habsburger. Darmstadt 2016
Buk-Swienty: Schlachtbank Düppel. Geschichte einer Schlacht. Hamburg 2015
Fesser, Gerd: Königgrätz - Sadowa. Bismarck Sieg über Österreich. Berlin 1994
» SOURCES
Böhme, Helmuth (Hrsg.): Die Reichsgründung. dtv-Dokumente. München 1967
Dollinger, Hans: Das Kaiserreich. Seine Geschichte in Texten, Bildern und Dokumenten. München, 1966
Hardtwig, Wolfgang /Hinze, Helmuth (Hrsg.): Deutsche Geschichte in Quellen und Darstellungen. Bd. 7: Vom Deutschen Bund zum Kaiserreich 1815 - 1871. Stuttgart 1997
Huber, Ernst Rudolf (Hrsg.): Dokumente der Verfassungsgeschichte, Bd. 2. 1851 - 1900. Stuttgart u.a. 1961
N.N.: Helmuth von Moltkes Briefe an seine Braut und Frau. Stuttgart u.a. 1911
Low, Sidney/ Sanders Lloyd C.: The History of England During the Reign of Victoria (1837-1901) Volume 12 of 12, [Part of Series: The Political History of England in Twelve Volumes, Edited by William Hunt and Reginald L. Poole], Longmans, Green, and Co., London. 1907
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THE GREAT WAR: / thegreatwar
»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Cathérine Pfauth, Prof. Dr. Tobias Arand, Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Above Zero
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Battlefield Design
Research by: Cathérine Pfauth, Prof. Dr. Tobias Arand
Fact checking: Cathérine Pfauth, Prof. Dr. Tobias Arand
Channel Design: Battlefield Design
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2021

КОМЕНТАРІ: 270

@tjdent7166 25 днів тому

In 1967, as a high school sophomore, I took a class of “world history “. Two weeks before the year was over we had a paper due on any subject cover during the year. I wrote a Paper titled “the unification of the German states through the influence of Otto von Bismarck”. It was the only A+ I ever got. What surprise me was that the teacher made a copy. He asked my permission to use this as part of his teaching tools in the future and promised to remove my name. I said absolutely positively no problem. Eight years later, my brother took the same class from the same teacher. He came home one day and told me what they were studying and that it seemed like he knew something about this from the past but couldn’t put his finger on it. I dug out the original copy in my brother about poo poo his pants. From the time I wrote that first paper in 1967, I began to study German history and still do at the age of 72 whenever possible. Sometimes something hit you in the face and you know you can’t let it go. So it was for me.

@mammuchan8923 2 роки тому

Bismarck is such a mesmerising character, I can’t get enough of this story ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

@miwi9883 2 роки тому

Wait until you read about his university life.....

@alexvig2369 2 роки тому

He did have an outstanding look on global affairs too. He predicted some events that really happened in the 20th century - including the demise of his German Empire and Anglo-American world domination.

@user-cq1cw8xz7f 2 роки тому

Bismarck always has a plan

@heathellis1771 2 роки тому

Lol

@bjorten 2 роки тому

I take it you've also watched extra credits video on Bismarck.

@mgradiant 2 роки тому

@@bjorten that was my introduction to Bismarck, as well. I know that line is a bit of a meme now, but it really does describe how he worked politically. He was so fascinating.

@mk42d98 2 роки тому

Pog

@crazyman8472 2 роки тому

“We don’t have a new budget; guess we have to collect taxes based on last year’s budget!” 🤑

@rathinmajumder441 2 роки тому

My heart aces when you say That Prussia was the dominant state in the German Speaking world...I am a Austrian...this brings flashes in my mind that Centuries Old Empire (Holy Roman Empire>Austrian Empire>Dual Monarchy)in the Centre of Europe dominated by Austria ruled by the Habsburg's, lost its influence and prestige during Napoleonic Wars...forced out of Germany by Prussia and losing the world war at last to end that glorious chapter in history for Austria and today reduced to a small state in the centre of Europe...I just feel as bad and sorrow in my heart how did it go so wrong that we lost it all...may our glory days return.Amen! This was the last thing my Grandfather told me before he past way...he was one of the young soldier in the Prague palace when the Czech National Council declared Independence from the Habsburg Empire...I still feel blessed my great grandfather father was a Count and he manage to bribe the recruitment officer from stoping my grandfather from being sent to the front where he most probably would have died ... fortunately enough he wasn't and at the age of 49 I can still feel my grandfather saying this story again to me when I was 17...he passed away 31 years ago

@emmanuelucrosacosta1845 2 роки тому

@Dan2314 Wonderluck we have a Bismarck right here folks

@hebl47 2 роки тому

@Dan2314 Wonderluck Let's not forget another thing: Austrians were only about 1/3 of their empire's population. Whereas different Slavic nations made up 60% of the empire. Such a patchwork empire is bound to collapse sooner or later even without external help.

@rathinmajumder441 2 роки тому

@Dan2314 Wonderluck The Hungarian part of the Dual Monarchy resisted from joining France... Austrian part wanted to ally with France... And you blame Austria for the war..I would say ..if we Austrians kill the President of your country would you ask for handing over the criminals or you would invade and punish that country?... Killing the head of state and then being polite with the convicted country is Dishonorable even by today's standard..how do you blame us for the war in 1914... when honour used to preferred over . Don't you know that ...the things you wrote in the comment seems to show you are a knowledgeable guy but you are surely lacking the point of view people had in to early 20th century ... Emperor Franz Josef was the only king in Europe who didn't discriminate about the people of his empire on the basis of them being German, Hungarian,Slavs ,Croats etc ..he loved them all equally and he was beloved to all the nationalities of the Empire..There is no wrong doing in his course of action he undertook... incompotent Career officer and generals like Osker Poteorik and Conrad von Hotzendorff led the Empire to ruin.

@rathinmajumder441 2 роки тому

@@hebl47 How does then modern nations exist...in US there are sizable minorities of people from different countries and in Uk too...and Russia and India are such varied in every corner of the country different languages, culture etc still all live happily together ..if your statement hold's true no Country with minorities will exist. Fun note:You really think like Bismarck ...I agree with the other guy

@hailexiao2770 2 роки тому

@@hebl47 The Slavs weren't the problem, but the Kingdom of Hungary that constantly oppressed them and refused to give them autonomy was.

@yorick6035 2 роки тому

0:45 "the most powerful German state.." Wait, you mean Ulm? ".. of the nineteenth century." Ah Prussia, that makes more sense for this series.

@realtimehistory 2 роки тому

Ulm is always a secret powerhouse

@yorick6035 2 роки тому

@@realtimehistory so, when is Ulm special episode?

@narancauk 2 роки тому

He means that all German states deserve freedom in EU like states of Yugoslavia

@billy101cat 2 роки тому

Ulm, the powerhouse of the cell... Umm, of Germany...

@Barwasser 2 роки тому

*EU4 player detected*

@paulyb7267 2 роки тому

The German Civil War (1866). The Prussians and Austrians were rivals because neither could agree on who would at first unite and lead all of Germany.

@petertuffley7475 2 роки тому

Thank you for this excellent series!

@kayzeaza 2 роки тому

It’s nice to learn German history that’s not World War 1, World War 2 or the Cold War.

@TheHerrUlf 2 роки тому

Indeed it is

@adameckard4591 Рік тому

However, it is still warfare. The common thread in German history until 1945.

@jtzoltan Рік тому

@@adameckard4591 well to be fair, most prominent history that gets wider attention is that of war and politics.

@YitzharVered 2 роки тому

Thank you for making these videos, I can't wait for the weekly coverage!

@lamnaa 2 роки тому

A note on the Dreyse needle gun, while it was decisive in the Seven Week War, that was largely because the Austrians were using the muzzle-loading Lorenz rifle, it was not a new weapon, having been introduced back in 1840's. While the needle gun was much faster than the Austrian muzzle-loaders, it was a bit of a dead-end, the delicate needle in the name punching though the paper cartridge to fire it. In the second half of the 1860's you were starting to see breechloading rifles with metallic cartridges come onto the scene, first conversion of muzzle-loading rifles, the Springfield Trapdoor, the Snider-Enfield, Tabatière, etc, and then weapons designed from the ground up for metallic cartridges. While it gave the Prussians a big advantage over the Danes and Austrians, the Prussians would suffer from "early adopter" problems, as we will see in the coming months...

@ihl0700677525 2 роки тому

Krupp guns to the rescue!

@CMAzeriah 2 роки тому

These were the people that invented the modern buzzsaw...

@nirfz 2 роки тому

As far as i remember Emperor F-J got to choose 2 outdated "things" to be modernized in the years before this happened as the available money would not allow for more improvements. The 3 "things" he could choose from were: Artillery guns, Infantery rifles, ships. And everyone now knows which one of these 3 fell through...

@prestons9305 2 роки тому

@@nirfz pls don't abbreviate names. It's very lazy.

@nirfz 2 роки тому

@@prestons9305 For your information: The abbreviation i used you can find on officially gifted sabres (by his majesty) for example. So much for calling it lazy... Now extra for you let's for once use the full name and title: Franz Joseph I. von Gottes Gnaden Kaiser von Österreich, König von Ungarn und Böhmen, König der Lombardei und Venedigs, von Dalmatien, Croatien, Slawonien, Galicien, Lodomerien und Illyrien; König von Jerusalem, etc; Erzherzog zu Österreich; Großherzog von Toskana und Krakau; Herzog von Lothringen, von Salzburg, Steyer, Kärnthen, Krain und der Bukowina; Großfürst zu Siebenbürgen; Markgraf von Mähren; Herzog von Ober- und Niederschlesien, von Modena, Parma, Piacenza und Guastalla, von Auschwitz und Zator, von Teschen, Friaul, Ragusa und Zara; gefürsteter Graf von Habsburg und Tyrol, Kyburg, Görz und Gradiska, Fürst von Trient und Brixen; Markgraf von Ober- und Niederlausitz und in Istrien; Graf von Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc., Herr von Triest, von Cattaro und auf der Windischen Mark, Großwojwode der Wojwodschaft Serbien etc. etc.

@konradvonschnitzeldorf6506 2 роки тому

Love this, even as an austrian...

@brendanmcdonough8964 2 роки тому

Kudos to Jesse and the team for making this series. Many quite rightly are fascinated by the World Wars without being aware of the conflicts 1848 to 1871 that laid the foundation for these wars. I am sure the wars of Italian unification will be factored in. It is also of note that this time period had great conflicts in both China and Japan.

@justinpachi3707 2 роки тому

@realtimehistory I feel like you should have mentioned some of the earlier flashpoints that led up to the Austro-Prussian rivalry. One of the major ones was the Erfurt Union Crisis where the various German princes all met up over the issue of German unification. Though this conference failed after Austria diplomatically outmaneuvered the Prussians during the Punctuation of Olmutz. It really humiliated the Prussians and set the stage for the next conflict. As for the claim that Prussia was "authoritarian" for most of its history Prussia by contemporary standards was quite progressive. The government of King Wilhelm I was hardly as repressive or authoritarian as some of his other contemporaries such as Franz-Joseph's Austrian Empire which was under his Neo-Absolutism (Hungary was under martial law) or even the Russian Empire.

@23GreyFox 2 роки тому

Today it is easier to describe Prussia as this evil identity.

@justinpachi3707 2 роки тому

@@23GreyFox Well that’s pretty dumb since it’s not really true.

@23GreyFox 2 роки тому

@@justinpachi3707 I know, but the small part in the video describes the accepted history books pretty well.

@mohammedsaysrashid3587 2 роки тому

excellent historical video with clearly explaining of historical events

@sambell7510 2 роки тому

Somehow only found out you fellas have this channel, excellent work and thanks for the procrastination material 💪

@oliversherman2414 2 роки тому

I love your channel keep up the great stuff!

@barkebaat 2 роки тому

I've just read (and can warmly recommend) Katja Hoyer's book "Blood and Iron - the rise and fall of the German Empire 1871 - 1918" if you find this topic interesting. It gives you an overview of the period and a basic understanding of the essential issues.

@arslongavitabrevis5136 Рік тому

Thank you for the recommendation!

@thebunkerparodie6368 2 роки тому

I've visited a place related to this conflict, the "citadelle de bitche", it was well done with a documentary you watched trought the visit. I'm glad youtube gave me a reccomandation to the channel

@hermanhemlig 2 роки тому

Thank you for bringing some clarity to the messy German history

@ratreenawachatpaiboon2514 2 роки тому

awesome history video

@BermanTaylor 4 місяці тому

Excellent for its clarity.

@slamonbot201 2 роки тому

So ist continues, keep up the Great work 😊

@andrewcoffman2213 2 роки тому

Cool video, but you might want to know, there's a small mistake at 7:40 where you state Napoleon III wanted to expand "west towards the Rhine" instead of "east" Thanks for the content! :)

@yorick6035 2 роки тому

Jesse could have been correct, Nappy III often makes the wrong choices.

@ShubhamMishrabro 2 роки тому

What if Napoleon 3 is facing south direction that's why he said West 😤😬

@yorick6035 2 роки тому

I think he is planning a flanking manoeuvre: go west untill you end in the east in their rear. With a brilliant leader like this, France cannot be defeated!

@paulconrad6220 2 роки тому

West of Germany?

@PalleRasmussen 2 роки тому

The situation around Slesvig-Holsten/Schleswig-Holstein, is a bit more complex than that. They were ruled by the Danish King in his role as duke there (the dukes were a branch of the royal house and when the others died out they were also kings of Denmark). However, Holstein was part of the German Empire and populated by Germans, while Slesvig was about 50/50, with Germans in the south (south of the old Danevirke rampart), and Danes in the north. And there is more, it was very complex indeed. An interesting aside, Molkte was from the dutchies and recieved his military training at the Danish court and Life Guard.

@uppastdawn7627 2 роки тому

Fantastic series. I like these short episodes. Funny that those old kings look like the guy trying to wash your windows at a red light.

@BradleyGearhart 2 роки тому

What’s fantastic video! There’s a few simplifications but Ive learned myself how it’s necessary if you want to fit so much into a short video.

@realtimehistory 2 роки тому

maybe we'll explore these events in greater detail later on again 🙃

@pariahstat2683 2 роки тому

Everything Bismarck warned came true later on in history.

@FOXHOUNDProductions91 2 роки тому

"I will not live to see the Great War, but YOU will see it, and it will start in the East."

@tigertank06 2 роки тому

@@FOXHOUNDProductions91 Is that true? Did he live to see the Great War?

@FOXHOUNDProductions91 2 роки тому

@@tigertank06 No, but it did start in the East like he said, with the death of Franz Ferdinand.

@kristo7184 2 роки тому

@@FOXHOUNDProductions91 hm isn't Serbia rather in the Southern Europe?

@FOXHOUNDProductions91 2 роки тому

@@kristo7184 True. Still an awesome quote though.

@Artur_M. 2 роки тому

I really like the visual side of your videos. In particular, the (relatively) young Franz Josef on that colourized photo looks positively snazzy. :) The map has a perfect balance between being detailed and clear to read and a detail that I personally really love - the acknowledgement that a rump Polish state (in union with Russia) still existed east of the Prussian border in 1815-1830/31. Technically the Kingdom of Poland still existed beyond 1831, but (after a revolution and unsuccessful attempt to gain full independence - collectively known as the November Uprising) it had only a very limited autonomy within the Russian Empire and lost even that after yet another uprising in 1863/64.

@szablotukpolski5201 2 роки тому

Nice movie. I recently wrote a book on cavalry training in the 18th century, regular cavalry weapons, military fencing, and combat tactics: ukposts.info/have/v-deo/o56VeXxogHuQyH0.html

@jtzoltan Рік тому

Russia always struck me as such a terrifyingly large block that it in-part explains why German psychology was so focused on unification and expansion. Having such a massive empire to the direct East and then the Western powers with colonial empires the world over and you're in between feeling insecure, non-unified and that something inevitable and foreboding is on the horizon

@cordialspirit 2 роки тому

Vos cartes, avec un choix judicieux de tons de couleur pour clarifier la subtilité des relations entre territoires ou pour aider à comprendre leur évolution, m’ont aidé à avoir une idée plus claire de certains enjeux ou de certains prétextes géopolitiques. Je puise mes informations surtout de sources primaires (Ma Mission en Prusse de Benedetti étant ma référence préférée sur ce sujet) et à partir de vos cartes, justement, j’ai pu combler certains trous de compréhension. J’apprécie aussi le soin avec lequel vous choisissez les détails à connaître pour éviter d’avoir une idée trop simpliste sur les causes des évènements.

@jessealexander2695 2 роки тому

Merci beaucoup pour ce gentil commentaire!

@LKaramazov Рік тому

Excellent video!

@max-cedrikvollmer1205 2 роки тому

This series looks fantastic. I would like to nontheless repeat a comment I made under the previous video: On your maps only the northern part of the Großherzogzum Hessen/Grandduchy of Hesse (aka. Hessen-Darmstadt) is coloured. I know that only the northern part was technically part of the Norddeutscher Bund but through that the whole grandduchy would have been part of the military element of the treatys establishing it (as I understand it, please correct me if I´m wrong). Maybe you can look into making that visible. A very pedantic comment from a hessian. I´m looking forward to the next video.

@ladyagnes9430 2 роки тому

That is an important point, since the Grand Dutchess/ Consort of Hesse-Darmstat was the daughter of Queen Victoria.

@piermariobarozzi Рік тому

I love it, you can't get a more Hessian comment as this one, and you are correct

@jtzoltan Рік тому

@@piermariobarozzi are you saying that the Hessian's are those Germans who give all the rest of Germans the reputation of always needing everything to be so precise and efficient?

@frankroto 2 роки тому

"France could expand westward toward the Rhein..." at 7:45 should be "eastward"

@stumcfadzen5645 2 роки тому

This seems like an easily-avoided error. The video is less than 13 mins - a quick review should have picked up something like this. Maybe lazy editing or scriptwriting? Not very professional.

@brittakriep2938 2 роки тому

France did this in 17/18th century, the people in south west Germany had to suffer in those days.

@stumcfadzen5645 2 роки тому

@@brittakriep2938 What are you talking about? How is it relevant to a narration mistake regarding the cardinal points?

@brittakriep2938 2 роки тому

Especially in the time of Louis XlV french troops often entered south western Germany and did in Palatinate and along the Rhine a lot of destruction. Also my village between Stuttgart and Ulm was attacked by french troops. Those french attacks and the way France got Alsace and Lorraine from Germany, had been ideal for Propaganda against France.

@CGM_68 2 роки тому

Anticipating the annexation of Veneto in October 1866, perhaps?

@doubleozero007 Рік тому

You sir have just earned a subscribtion.

@theblackprince1346 2 роки тому

This is stellar stuff.

@TirthBhatt27 2 роки тому

The Palmerston line is one of my all-time favourites 5:47

@brokenbridge6316 2 роки тому

I've heard a lot about the German Wars of Unification. They are a very interesting read.

@Jesse_Dawg Рік тому

I NEEEEEED MORE IN THIS SERIES

@NellaCuriosity 2 роки тому

I can't wait to see what happens next week!

@keithelflein2030 2 роки тому

Definitely not a fan of the Preiß, but you got to hand it to Bismark: Prussia's displacement of Austria was some masterful statesmanship

@clamum9648 2 роки тому

Great series bois. Wish you would've taken a couple minutes or so to explain what needle guns are though. I'm even a firearms nut and while I think I've heard of them before, have no idea really what they are.

@johnrobinson4445 Рік тому

I read a fairly detailed biography of Bismarck. Fascinating and talented man. Also, it shows just how much you can accomplish if you REALLY REALLY want to get a boy's attention (the King, of course).

@mrstarfishh33 2 роки тому

Awesome

@TacticalGAMINGzz 2 роки тому

Will you guys make a series on the Russo Japanese war of 1904-05?

@lorenzg5912 2 роки тому

In Franconia (nothern part of Bavaria) many hoped to become part of the Nordeutscher Bund. The franconians disliked the Bavarian rule, and still do.

@oLii96x 2 роки тому

@Fabian Kirchgessner Gibt auch eine Frankenpartei in der Region, die mehr Autonomie von Bayern selbst möchte

@lorenzg5912 2 роки тому

@Fabian Kirchgessner Most parts of Franconia were forced into the new kingdom of Bavaria during the wars of Napoleon. Also the region suffered during the 1866 war, as some major battles were fought in lower franconia. So there was little bavarian "patriotism".

@albireoselous 2 роки тому

As a someone who's seriously interested on the subject I was pleasntly surprised to find there's such a project. Unfortunately my enthusiasm was calmed a lot

@pm71241 2 роки тому

To understand the Slesvig/Holstein issue a bit of history is needed.... going back to at least 1237 when Abel, son of Danish king Valdemar II and brother to the current king Erik IV and Duke of Slesvig married the daughter of the Count of the Germany area of Holstein. He thus tied the two areas together and at the same time started a tradition of his heirs demanding some level of independence of the Danish Crown. - Later in 1326 the Danish King was forced to codify that Slesvig was not to be put directly under the crown - and then in 1460 also that Slesvig and Holstein could not be separated. ... which led to the rather stupid dogma that the old (since at least the 10th century) and natural border between Denmark and Germany was not a legal solution.

@rodrigodiazdevivar6183 2 роки тому

Prussia actually lost a battle (albeit small one) to the Kingdom of Hanover. The blind king of Hannover George V, led Hanoverian forces in Battle of Langensalza (1866) over Prussia. In my youth, I was an exchange student in Germany. I was given a tour where a huge painting of the battle was depicted in Marienburg Castle

@thebog11 2 роки тому

The Hanoverians outnumbered the Prussians 2 to 1 in this battle. Despite this, Hanoverian casualties were greater if you don't count the captured Prussians, showing the advantage of the needle gun.

@thkempe 2 роки тому

Two of my g-g-grandfathers fought there for the Kingdom of Hanover. (Photos show them wearing medals of honor for their participation.)

@rodrigodiazdevivar6183 2 роки тому

@@thkempe Wow! Please share the pics! That is amazing. I was an exchange student in Celle. By Hanover.

@lubu2960 2 роки тому

curious, how was that map made? 3:58

@jonathanwilliams1065 2 роки тому

So was either war officially declared?

@macpurdy 2 роки тому

For the algorithm and the history.

@eamon821 2 роки тому

I know it's a bit late but could you guys describe what's with Hesse-Darmstadt? It's northern half is part of the North German Confederation but the southern part isn't. How did that work in practice?

@andresemilior.gonzalez 2 роки тому

2:57 this enraged the Parliament, who punished him severely.

@nicholassmirz6041 2 роки тому

Bismarck: No U

@SVASH-hz5ji 2 роки тому

Actually, Bismarck use the same trick to get taxes for the next 4 years. After the founding of NGC Bismarck's popularity skyrocketed. The parliament actually retroactively approved the budgets of those 4 years. Even those who blocked the budget those years ago were forced to agree now or they'll lose the election. So I think it is the Parliament who got punished severely.

@23GreyFox 2 роки тому

@@SVASH-hz5ji And they had to. Bismarck broke no law while doing it. Clever.

@oliversherman2414 2 роки тому

Bismarck always has a plan.... One failure later: Bismarck always has a backup plan (Extra credits)

@rizkysetyopambudi3989 2 роки тому

Prussia, my favorite civilization all the time

@sleepytt9537 2 роки тому

Am I the only one who thinks of The A-Team at the intro music?

@JafuetTheSame 2 роки тому

To the success of the needle rifles is important to point out that although Prussia was gradually adopting Dreyse's needle rifles since 1840s, technological advance is pretty much useless by itself. Generals have to come up with doctrines how to proper utilize that technology (and push them trough) and that didn't happen until Moltke became chief of staff (1857). To that point Prussia actually suffred from the same "overly conservative commanders (opposing Dreyse actually)" syndrome just as Austria and prussian soldiers were still trained to fight in close formations and fire-few-salvos-then-charge tactic, like the rest of the ("civilized") world, they just had a rifle that was able to reload somewhat faster (besides having poor range and maintanance). Noone in the world thought of it as significant advantage until they saw prussian loose formations and firepower focus in 1864/1866. Also worth noting during 1866 campaign Prussians themselves feared austrian cavalry and artillery - the latter was even better equipped and responsible for prussian near retreat at Königgrätz, as they were pinned down due to heavy bombardment (their own artillery unable to respond) and only arrival of the Crown Prince's Army turned the situation to their favor. But Austrian overall conduct of the 1866 northern campaign was heavily impacted by defeatism of its chief (Benedek) and rigidness of senior commanders who were not able to understand that Prussians invented whole new conduct of warfare and were literally sending wave after wave of their men in cramped oldfashioned formations against rapid firing prussian rifles...But the armies of the rest of the world didnt know much better than Austrians at that point really. Prussians were really far ahead...

@tadejdular5453 2 роки тому

you are awsome :)

@CandynoseTwinskins 2 роки тому

Franz Joseph looks so young!

@brittakriep2938 2 роки тому

He was born in 1830 and became Emperor in 1848. The Emperor before him, Ferdinand, had strong mental problems and was not able, to do bis job realy well.

@patricofritz4094 2 роки тому

@@brittakriep2938 is he the son of Sophia of Bavaria the friend of Napoleon II ?

@brittakriep2938 2 роки тому

@@patricofritz4094 : Ferdinand l was the brother of Napoleon l second wife. Franz Josef was the son of Ferdinands younger bother and his first wife, but i have forgotten the name.

@patricofritz4094 2 роки тому

@@brittakriep2938 you know who I mean right .I mean Napoleon's son who was kept in Austria and Sophie of Bavaria I believe

@TheWarriorLP16 2 роки тому

Your German pronounciation is on point👍

@jessealexander2695 2 роки тому

Thanks!

@2710cruiser 2 роки тому

Bismarck has a plan. Bismarck ALWAYS has a plan.

@Grimmtoof 2 роки тому

Unless it's Walpole!

@joeshmoe8345 2 роки тому

Yeah cool thanky’all

@wisconsinkraut3445 2 роки тому

Love how every step in german unification is accompanied by a scare music sting.

@jona.scholt4362 2 роки тому

All those mid-sized & small kingdoms and duchies were all thinking, "Uh, oh. The clock on our existence has started". Bavaria, Württemberg, Saxony, Baden, Hesse; once you're unified with Prussia time to start staring at the sand in the hourglass.

@historiamowiosobie4515 2 роки тому

Nowadays there is no Prussia but those kingdoms/princedoms are lands (like american states) of german federal republic

@brittakriep2938 2 роки тому

Hamburg , Bremen, Bayern, Sachsen are still Bundesländer/ states. Baden - Württemberg is former Baden and Württemberg and Thüringen is former Sachsen- Weimar- Eisenach, Sachsen- Meiningen, Sachsen- Altenburg, Schwarzburg- Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg- Sondershausen, and the two principslities Reuß combned.

@thkempe 2 роки тому

The day before the Prussian King William was to be crowned German Emperor, he remarked with tears: "Today is the most unhappy day of my life, tomorrow we will bury the kingship in Prussia."

@conveyor2 2 роки тому

All of those kingdoms and duchies lasted intact until the Weimar Republic appeared. Some like Bavaria even maintained their own embassies abroad the whole time.

@arslongavitabrevis5136 Рік тому

Excellent as usual! BTW, the Austrian losses at Königgrätz-Sadowa were terrible: 22.143 dead and wounded, plus 22.170 prisoners against 8.175 dead and wounded of the Prussians. Considering that the Austrian army numbered nearly 220.000 men, its losses amounted to 20% against the Prussian's barely 4%

@richardque4952 Рік тому

This high casualties was due muzzle loading musket rifle and cannon used by austria.

@briaryos1 2 роки тому

7:40 EASTWARD toward the Rhine, not westward.

@uncledaisy 3 місяці тому

7:44 Shouldn't it be eastwards towards the Rhine?

@ElBandito Рік тому

Them sideburns of Wilhelm and Franz-Joseph...

@henrikrolfsen584 Рік тому

7:37 France could not expand to the "Westwards toward the Rhein", as all of France is west of the Rhein!

@sionbarzad5371 2 роки тому

7:38 wait how can France who is West of the Rhine expand ''westward'' toward it??

@Pavlos_Charalambous 2 роки тому

Prussians: accusing their enemies for re-armaments without any prove Americans :keep notes! Keep notes!

@joachimm.6495 2 роки тому

Concerning Schleswig-Holstein, the feudal period simply worked differently from modern nation states. The King of England was also the Elector of Hanover and if he had remained so, the Prussians might have had more problems annexing Hanover in 1866. Unfortunately the rising of Victoria to the throne of England separated the two nations, since Hanover did not accept female succession. Clearly the problem of Schleswig was a clash between feudal rights and the new nationalistic world developing in the 19th century. Fortunately after the 2nd World War Denmark and Germany have found a peaceful solution by plebiscite and giving minority rights to people living on the "wrong" side of the border.

@karlkarlos3545 2 роки тому

If Hanover was still part of the British crown, the king/Queen would have sided with the Pussians or at least declared neutrality. Not to mention, that Queen Victoria's eldest daughter was married to the Prussian crown prince.

@isocrates0001 Рік тому

@7:41-46 "France expand westward?"

@mikepette4422 2 роки тому

So we need to ask...why were Germans not allowed to have their own country ? The French do the English do the Swedes do. And why would they WANT to have one ? There are myriad answers to that question but just one to think about is what happened to the German states when a certain ego-maniac from France decided he was going to walk in and take over...and he did because there wasn't a single unified army to oppose him it was easy to push aside the hundreds of disunified and often at odds with each other states and duchy's that made up the greater Germany. So having come to power via a coup and immediately acting like a tyrant Napoleon III made everyone in Germany a little nervous that maybe "here we go again". Time to unify.

@ShubhamMishrabro 2 роки тому

Cause of racism

@thkempe 2 роки тому

@@ShubhamMishrabro At that time there was no more racism on German soil than in Russia, France or Britain.

@swagkachu3784 Рік тому

@@ShubhamMishrabroracism against germans?

@nicholasgutierrez9940 2 роки тому

F for Hannover

@brittakriep2938 2 роки тому

The battle of Düppel was won by prussian troops, because the commander of prussian army music branch, Gottfried Piefke, concentrated three army bands and supported the assault by playing selfcomposed ,Düppeler Sturmmarsch'.

@cognophile Рік тому

I heard some of my ancestors (from western Germany, near Cologne) emigrated to the U.S. around 1865 because they didn't like what the Prussians were doing.

@flask0390 2 роки тому

Watching Bismarck's politics with all its twists and turns is always fascinating. Sadly enough, he did not manage to lay a truly solid foundation for his successors to build upon.

@TorianTammas 2 роки тому

It was not Bismarck's choice. It was a stupide Prussian King who made this mistake.

@mortenpoulsen1496 2 роки тому

Yay. More history. 🇩🇰👌👍

@MrStarfishPrime Рік тому

UKposts places me Aldi ads during this video. So Prussia is Aldi Nord and Austria is Aldi Sud? Who is Lidl then?

@jonathanwilliams1065 2 роки тому

The war begins today

@kennytannenberg5851 2 роки тому

2:49 that is inaccurate... the loophole was not Bismarck just overruling the elected parliament and their veto of the reformed-budget, the actual loophole was the following: ...since there was no approved agreement for the reformation army budget, parliament thought that they could financially stonewall the crown to get what they want, but the representatives didn't realize that there was no restriction that said they crown couldn't keep taxing based on the previous budget agreement; so Bismarck was able to collect tax revenue for the army using the previous budget template, and after they collected the new funds using the old budget-template, they just "reinvested" the funds to enact their new reformation, then ... political maneuvering 101

@kennytannenberg5851 2 роки тому

and to call the kingdom of Prussia during that time "authoritarian" is disingenuous/misleading...

@vitorpereira9515 Рік тому

In your opinion is Phillip III of Macedon similar with Bismarck?

@semregob3363 Рік тому

Prussia is such a story, from a province to duchy to kingdom to the strongest empire. something out of eu4

@thewisetzar5363 2 роки тому

Otto the Great and Otto Bismarck eh

@merlinwizard1000 Рік тому

251st, 4 September 2022

@gareththompson2708 2 роки тому

0:13 I take it he did not...prepare for unforeseen consequences

@mbumtaia8822 2 роки тому

periculum in mora. depechez vous. L’oncle de Maurice, HENNING”

@sariosario6631 2 роки тому

This time period the whole world going aggressive to each other

@jankowalski3496 2 роки тому

That was Sadowa

@nestorvargas2399 2 роки тому

Honestly Napoleon III was really asking to be crushed with his idiotic foreign policies

@richardque4952 2 роки тому

Country go to war on emotion issue.not hard reality.as a matter of fact war is just gambling.if you win you win big but if you lost you lost evetything.

@sidg11 2 роки тому

Bismark unlike Napolean knew how to manage AE

@edwinsparda7622 2 роки тому

Bayern is the currently the biggest german state but Prussia absolutely dwarfed it back then.

@ryanjuguilon213 2 роки тому

Did not stopped the Bavarian grown NSDAP from taking over Germany and dissolvong Prussia

@caliscribe2120 2 роки тому

This is why we Americans tried to stay out of European politics and militarily conflicts as much as possible, although never worked out that way. With Pearl Harbor and Cold War, we have been in the middle of European affairs.

@conveyor2 2 роки тому

You love making the world "safe for democracy"!

@jstantongood5474 2 роки тому

So that France might expand EAST wards towards the Rhein. 😊

@larrygiesbrecht3428 2 роки тому

7:44 yes it seems that eastward is a lot more correct!

@MollieLolly 2 роки тому

If only Austria had a second Metternich

@yorick6035 2 роки тому

France could also use one of him during this period

@troo_6656 2 роки тому

Metternich was very charismatic, however I don't believe he would have been very useful against agressive and determined Bismarck. When Bismarck set on his quest to create German Empire there were only few people in Europe that had chance of stopping him. Trully ruthless man.

@AlexJones-ue1ll 2 роки тому

If only Germany didn't have Willhelm II.

@neues3691 2 роки тому

Ohne Bismarck waren die genialen deutschen Monarchen verloren.

@CaptainHarlock-kv4zt 2 роки тому

Those Germans... they're going crazy for blut!

@user-uw2st5qy4k 2 роки тому

😃

@alexvig2369 2 роки тому

0:30 what do you mean the Kingdom of Prussia doesn't exist today!? The modern day Germany literally is Prussia. It's kind of like saying that America's thirteen colonies don't exist today... though they literally still do exist, just in another form - the whole of America grew out of them, and they still pretty much dominate the union.

@TheAsheraXonline 2 роки тому

Why should I defend people who fight me? I am totally pissed by this again and now democratically demanded zombie obedience! Did anyone understand Heinrich Mann, Robert Musil, Peter Weiss, Max Frisch etc. at all?