This video was reuploaded after an audio editing error that resulted in a crucial line being missed. Apologies to everyone who saw the previous version! EDIT: There have been scammers impersonating me in the comments. If someone with my avatar asks you to speak to them on Telegram or similar, DO NOT contact them. I am NOT running giveaways. EDIT: I've become quite disappointed by the number of comments that have warped this video's message to suit their own fringe scientific theories. So I feel the need to state this clearly: yes, the science and culture around it are wrapped in the same human subjectivities as those I've covered here, but human-caused climate change is a real and serious issue. If you aren't willing to reassess your own beliefs on this - the entire message of Part V - I don't want you in my comments section. CORRECTIONS: General - I cut it because it would have required yet another detour into many long-running arguments, but it should be noted that other mass extinctions have been attributed to volcanism. The consensus for the largest extinction of all time (the Permian-Triassic extinction) is flood basalt volcanism in Siberia. Note though this consensus is surprisingly recent and it took the upheaval of the K-Pg debates to make most researchers aware that a catastrophic event had even occurred at the boundary. One other mass extinction (the Triassic-Jurassic extinction) has wide support for volcanism. The others are, at least from the sources I've used, more mysterious. 14:12 - 'Marine reptiles' is the wrong term here, as turtles and co survived. I was referring to mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, etc. I've also been informed that there's some evidence that ammonites survived a short while into the Paleogene. 34:19 - Smith is more commonly called the father of *English* geology, with James Hutton (a Scot) usually referred to as the father of geology. It's likely I saw this, plus the fact Smith is also called the father of stratigraphy (a sub-field of geology) and misremembered. 45:21 - Some of these theories were intended as jokes - including, notably, AIDS - but the fact that the extinction of the dinosaurs was seen as a laughing matter by scientists still proves the point. 47:35 - It's a bit disingenuous of me to put the AIDS and cataracts cards in the 1970s as they were proposed in the 1980s. But I think it was necessary given how much I was about to fit in the 1980s... 50:40 - That phone is from 1984. 1:39:22 - I've been informed that the Dunning-Kruger effect is a bit of a misnomer and, perhaps not surprisingly, the true model of intelligence/confidence doesn't line up with popular perception. I Dunning-Kruger'd Dunning-Kruger. NON-CORRECTIONS: General - I don't know why so many people seem to think crocodilians are dinosaurs. Well-supported phylogenetic analysis tells us that crocodilians are not descendants of the last common ancestor of Triceratops and a sparrow (or any equivalent bracketing), and so aren't dinosaurs. They're archosaurs, a larger group which includes dinosaurs. So while closely related, crocodilians don't meet the scientific definition of dinosaurs, so there's no need to correct the question to, 'What killed the non-avian, non-crocodilian dinosaurs?' as some people are suggesting.

Now that I think about it, the asteroid at the end of the Cretaceous was the highest number of birds killed with one stone in the history of the world.

Oh, did you get the asteroid ending? The asteroid ending was my favourite

Can we all agree that the person who answered "Big Rock cause Big Boom" is truly the most enlightened? Whether you're a volcanist or and impactist, it is factually certain that a big rock caused a big boom.

As a fairly recent STEM PhD it genuinely Wild to me how dogmatic scientists can be on their own pet theories. Maybe I just haven't found my appropriate hill to die in yet.

My main takeaway from this video is that, not 40 years ago, an actual scientist proposed in an actual scientific paper that the dinosaurs were killed by AIDS

"for those asking what if the volcanos caused the asteroid, you are officially beyond science" gave me a real good chuckle

As a normal person who grew up in the 70's 80's with a big interest in dinosaurs and science, watching this video, the first time I heard asteroids killed off all the dinosaurs it just seemed the only solution, just sounded right, I didnt realise the full impact of the actual history of this theory and that I grew up during it. Amazing well thought out and presented video!!

Hi there. I'm a recent college grad/geology major. One of my professors was a grad student under Walter Alvarez at berkely at the time the impact theory was being introduced and debated. My professor spent a few days of lectures explaining to us what happened between the physists/chemists and the paleontologists from his own first hand perspective. You did a good job presenting that story here and I figure I would let you know!

It amazes me every day that scientists don't get into conference-wide brawls more often, given how stubborn and righteous they can be at times.

In college, my geology professor, presenting a model of the Earth's layers, stated flatly "This is not what I learned in college. I wonder what your kids will be taught about it." That broke me, forever. I feel Mr. Lugg's pain/

An amazing meta-analysis of the current trend of "high quality," science channels popping up. There are some like Lemino that cite all their sources, but so many just expect their viewers to take what they say as fact, no matter how controversial. I hadn't even really realized the trend occurring until this video, thank you for reminding us that science is dictated by people with biases and that sometimes even theories that seem set in stone may not be as concrete as the media tell us. You have really conveyed this all in a way that doesn't encourage skepticism in science itself, but rather the way media presents it.

This video became so much more important than an extinction event there at the end. I really appreciate the self-awareness, and I can tell you really care about the things you put out into the world.

Hi Oliver! Speaking as a vertebrate palaeontologist, this is a well-made, thoroughly researched, and entertaining exploration of both the K-Pg extinction debate, and science communication more broadly. You dove deep where time permitted, but also pointed out when and where glossing over was needed. I should add that my own expertise is not in dinosaurs, and that my understanding of the topic has, unquestionably, been shaped by popular media and popular science. However I cannot, at a cursory viewing, see any noteworthy errors. In my own experience, I completed my undergraduate and higher degree learning in a state of perpetual terror, awaiting the moment that the penny would drop for my supervisors that I really knew nothing at all, and that I'd been clinging on by the skin of my teeth. I recall vividly my final thesis viva, wherein the people I respected for years pointed out carefully and unwavering every error they could find. I wrote them all down, every one, promising to correct them all, even when I knew it would have no effect on my grade. To my surprise, I received high marks and praise, errors and all. I admitted to my supervisor before graduating that, still, I felt like I knew nothing. They looked at me and said, "You know what? I feel the same way whenever I'm about to give a lecture." Self-doubt is not just a natural part of being an scientist. In a way, self-doubt *is* science. Congratulations on this monumental piece of work.

There's an old maxim that if you can say it in a sentence, don't write a novel. You took over 2 hours of my time to tell me mostly things I already knew - asteroid likely, let the scientists do their job, science journalism often fails us, and it really doesn't matter to daily existence. And you know what? It was a great 2 hours, man. GOOD JOB. Enjoyed the whole thing. Feel free to write a novel anytime.

This video is pure gold. One of the best videos I have watched on this site ... and I have been watching quite a lot since 2006. Seriously, this type of content is what I'm looking for each and every day, even though I am only able to find it every few months or so. So many great thoughts and ideas. Presentation and pacing was on point. Great stuff. Thanks man :) I appreciate you and your work

This is such a high quality video. I was wondering how I wasn’t already subscribed and saw you haven’t hit 100k yet and that baffles me. The length and quality makes me think you should have way more

I think what really killed the dinosaurs was the friends we met along the way.

It's interesting to me how many content creators are concerned they might be going insane after an extensive research project.

okay, guys hear me out. Birds are dinosaurs, right? in the early 1930s australians fought emus (the great emu war) and the australians used machine guns. Sooo humans killed dinosaurs using machine guns.

I didn't know I wanted a 2 hour video about the nuances of mass extinction, but this is fantastic!

Amazing. I know this video is going to die to the algorithm for the crime of being long, but as for me I hope that it goes viral. I had no idea that one video could go so deep in a mere two hours of runtime. Your tackling of this topic is, in my subjective opinion, the best.

As a scientist myself, you’ve given me a lot to reflect on in terms of how I engage the public with the science I’m doing, how I’m engaging with my colleagues and how I sometimes am not as critical as I should be when engaging in new scientific information.

Just browsing this your channel's subscriptions I can definitely perceive the influences in narration, production and humor. This essay is such a great compilation of those influences and added so so much more to it. I absolutely loved every single second of it.

your data analysis of the survey was absolutely phenomenal! please keep this up

I swear the more unknown creators like you make the BEST video essays and long-form content out there. Whole video is really fun to watch and feels like only 20 minutes of watching.

I didn't think to question how you portrayed the mass extinction debate even after you brought up the ideas of wacky, scare, and breakthrough. I used to believe that I had the capability to make informed decisions about science communication and not just blindly trust it, but now I realise I was wrong. Thanks for opening my eyes to that, even if it was by just a little. Not to belittle this video or anything, it is truly amazing. I just mean I still have much more room to grow.

This is one of my favorite video essays ive seen in a while. Also it made me question all the video essays ive seen. Well done

this is 100% the best video ive ever seen! theme is a W for starters but also the editing and the script. the amount of research you did shows, i always love to see people who are passionate about science, it makes me want to learn more too.

2:09:02 As a biologist, I've heard that one. One of my professors said that flowering plants may have played a part in the extinctions of the dinosaurs. I guess some biologists really wanted to take center stage in the discussion.

"...would be spinning in his grave! At a slow unwavering speed" has me chortling

I loved this video!! I went to graduate school and attained a Masters Degree in Anthropology. When I was there I learned of "'reflexive ethnography." What is that you most likely ask. I'm glad you most likely asked. We'll start with this, an ethnography is a critical inquiry into the cultural aspects of a group. You can write an ethnography on Korean Shamans or on the West Coast Punk Rock Scene of the 1980's in America. Starting in the 1960's (actually earlier, but the 1960's is when it began in earnest) anthropologists realized that ethnographies written by different people on the exact same group could come out very differently. When they looked into why, they realized that ethnographers saw a culture through their own filters. So some began to experiment with acknowledging this position they found themselves in, sometimes this lead to fascinating essays in which the writer' incorporated their own subject position. Other times essays resulted that were too much about the writer and not enough about the culture. Imagine my surprise to have seen these exact same moves in your video! Rather than a solipsistic piece of self aggrandizement you made a fun little video that draws attention to how the method of inquiry could present its own problems. And you did it by enacting it! Well you pulled it off brilliantly! What began as a little video on "what killed the dinosaurs" turned into an examination of how science is produced. So kudos on a fantastic and fun and enjoyable piece of work! If I were teaching a methodologies anthropology course I would use it as an example. Because you managed to highlight the issue of self awareness by doing it, which made it immediate and tangible.

When I see an extremely well-researched and dialectical video essay that's two hours long, I subscribe.

As someone with a history of science background who became a scientist, this video deeply resonates with me. It never stops to amaze me how much scientific practice has taught me about living with uncertainty. So often, my scientific research has forced me to hold in mind inconclusive, contradictory and nonsensical data, for periods of months, or even years, while having to resist the temptation to force it into a mold. It's a difficult lesson I have to re-learn over and over again, and I think you've done a wonderful job of communicating it here.

I’d always been pretty solidly in the Astroid impact, with the more recent caveat of: The volcanoes certainly didn’t improve the situation in the dinosaurs favor

Fantastic video. 10/10. Obviously the information is well-researched and the effort put into making it is bewildering, but I also wanna mention that it made me fucking die laughing more than a couple times. The stick figure portrayals were hilarious.

I saw those Richard Owen photos a while back and totally made a minor villain for my D&D campaign that not only looked exactly like him, but was named similarly to him, and was an evil necromancer professor.

Congrats on releasing this mammoth video! Looks like a massive undertaking, one that will be very much up my alley. Gonna comment for the analytics and watch this one at a later date!

As a trained geologist who spent the early part of my career in museums and palaeontology (before I had to get a "real, paying job") and having flirted with SciComm over the years, I loved this video, the re-telling of the history and the debate was engaging and covered the most salient points. The handbrake turn into SciComm Theory at the ~70% mark was an unexpected surprise. My god I wish I had the time and skills to produce video essays of this calibre!

I love that the music you use at 1:15 is the same as the intro song for the Terrible Lizards podcast and I've been binging that for weeks now

One of my favorite things about having watched this video is that UKposts is now offering me more 2 hour long videos. I kid, while that is a great benefit, i also really appreciate the time, effort, and dedication producing this required.

I'm 63, and remember volcanism being the explanation for the extinction of the dinosaurs being taught in the 1970s. I also remember the Alvarez explanation hitting the general public back in the early 80's. If memory serves, this was through the writing of Jerry Pournelle in Byte magazine of all things. Not having any skin in the game, the Alvarez explanation always resonated with me, and with the discovery of the Chicxulub impact site, I've just accepted the resulting climactic change being THE cause. Honestly, three of the best hours (yes, I rewind to read the text) I've spent on UKposts. Kudos to you as well for admitting you are an example of what to watch out for when it comes to Science communication. But, I do believe that was your point.

I feel like there's a lot of lessons to be drawn from this on LOTS of scientific debates.

this is an excellent video, and an excellent layering of meta analyses and narratives. you do an excellent job leading people on the journey youve set up, and you do an astoundingly good job tying everything together. the focus at the end of "how we know what we know" instead of just "what do we know" is extremely enlightening. good video

Absolute Masterpiece, I enjoyed this from the first till last minute. I am a layman in every field mentioned in this video so it was really interessting to see the journey not only the science, but yourself as well, has taken. Really appreciate the end part, it puts a lot in perspecitve.

This was a wonderful story… loved all the tangents, the humor, and the unexpectedly touching stuff at the end. I really hope more people see this!

As a screenwriting student, that point about narratives hit-most formative piece of advice I’ve gotten is “characters are not people”

I love this video so much. especially the end. Thank you so much for all the time you spent on this bro.

This has been monumental, my applause. Just finished watching all your essays (and the "joke" vids) having started from a very persistent recommendation of the algorithm to watch the Foundation video. Huge appreciation to it all. It's funny to realize the most memorable influence that lead to my belief of complexity of things and necessity to doubt was a.. 4 minutes song on politics of a fictional world by a rapper that strives on the complexity of chosen rhyming patterns, ever-changing flow, and vocabulary, yet the concept album it serves as part of is essentially a love story of a writer below his peak, set in troubling times. Yet, having listened to that, having thinked about ever since, re-interpreting, especially in very different contexts, I have to say, "Intertwined", or, as sung in it, "Everything is intertwined" had an astonishing impact and is marvelous from lyricism-, narrative-, and sound- -focused views. And then the video I start my journey on with your channel, and the video I end with (so far) reinforce the same conclusion I didn't seek support for. P.S. The guy had lived in London for a while, being a native to a very distant to it part of the world. If you seek to take a look at, the album is Gorgorod (a play on mountain and city having the same start in their native language) from 2015, track #5. P.P.S. the initial reason to write this comment is "retcon" cracked me up. Nice one, whoever wrote that.

That "doesn't matter" answer cracked me up way more than it should have. Your delivery was so on point!

Lyle spinning in his grave at a "slow and unwavering speed" made me spit-take coffee all over my keyboard. I love this channel

This is possible one of the best videos I´ve ever watched on UKposts, no lie. It was fun, educational and every time I thought the video was about to end... More amazing material! I love it!!

Hang on a minute how do you only have 80k~ subs the production quality is so good your content deserves to get you much more recognition, you sir have gained a new subscriber keep up the good work!

Just now saw that you posted this RIGHT as I finished reading "The Ends of the World" by Peter Brannen. Enjoyed feeling all smug that so few people knew about the volcanism theory when I literally only learned about it for the first time yesterday. Great vid!

This is the first video of yours that I've seen, don't think I've been so captivated by something on UKposts in so long! I'd put this up there with "Line Goes Up" by Dan Olson as one of my favourite long form videos. Hope this gets the recognition it deserves!

Not gonna lie- I was very surprised with how well put together this video was. I just started listening randomly not realizing how long it was but I got hooked. I am definitely going to watch more of your videos. 🙂

first time i see a video by you, its amazing could you give some sources (generally or just book recommendations) so i can read the books that inspired you

doug doug uploaded a 2 hour video oliver lung uploaded a 2 hour video whos next???

I’m Indian and also live on the Deccan plateau this is a great back on forth of ideas and ideologies and I’m great that Indians tv reporters haven’t grabbed this debate turn it into a political tool like what they did in history ( which is a cluster f*ck ) Amazing video 👍

This video was actually super informative and interesting, thanks for making a 2 hour video on this subject

What a amazing journey, i stumbled on this video by accident and i loved every second of it. All the best for you. take care of yourself

Amazing video. I don’t usually comment unless a video has really captured me, but from a fellow human on the internet seeking knowledge I really enjoyed every segment in this video which really resonated with me. I can’t imagine the process you had to go through to put this together so seamlessly, but it was incredibly worth it. Thank you. I genuinely think if more people understood what you presented in your video the world would be a much better place. I hope it finds its way to the wider audience. I’m glad there are talented people like you who have the intelligence, integrity, curiosity and self-awareness and can put all that together, put themselves out there and explain complicated but important questions in a accessible and entertaining way. Just for us. We should honestly be grateful, and I think in this case the science world too. Brilliant job mate. Can’t wait for your next one. Enjoy a well deserved rest haha

I really never seen beyond the fact that scientists only ''''recently'''' agreed on the meteor/astroid/comet/"Texas sized space pebble". I too, assumed it was always that way! great job! You got my subscription.

The final part of this video is extremely admirable. You're one of my favorite people on the platform, and I don't rely exclusively on youtube videos for my worldview... and it's quite obvious that your "best" attempts at full accuracy are, while inevitably, ineluctably imperfect, they are leagues beyond whatever standards nearly any other creator on this site holds themselves to. There are always going to be mean-spirited commenters, sometimes merely people having a bad day, I've been there and done it to other creators and I regret it. I can't fathom how you still have so few subscribers, but you make some of the best stuff on this platform, and I really hope you continue to do what you do, and do your best to ignore those of mean-spirit. I know it can be very difficult to, but I LOVE your videos, and the way your brain works, and you as a person. Seriously, put "The Alphabet vs The Goddess" by Leonard Schlain on your reading list, you will not regret it, I promise.

Woke up halfway through this and got really hooked now I’ve gotta go watch the beginning… subbed hard af m8

This has "Will one day randomly get picked up by the algorithm and get 4 million views in 5 days" energy

Can't believe I sat through this entire video and actually paid attention to everything. Thanks for spending so much time on producing this, it definitely will affect the way that I approach "absorbing" scientific knowledge, something that I had been thinking about for a while now.

Glad i can add another sciency video source to my subscription feed. Im really surprised of how comprehensive this video seems, and how introspective you were about it, i really apreciate people that always try to question their own belifs and reasonings.

As someone who works on open science and citizen science as PUS this video is a blessing. Thank you for your work.

This was absolutely lovely! I adore the gradual deconstruction of assumptions, starting with nomenclatural nuances that most people will have either already known about or inferred the existence of, and finishing at the fundamentally absurd desire for self-consistency in a human worldview. I very rarely get to see this topic discussed in any kind of media, which is not at all surprising, since, as demonstrated, it's almost inherently antithetical to the format's constraints, but a shame nonetheless. Call me a wonk, but I'll take a video on nuance over a video on dinosaurs any day of the week. Maybe except Saturdays.

Channels like yours convince me, that UKposts isn't dead. This is brilliant.

Honestly, watching this felt like watching a favorite show. This is frikin amazing! Great job.

This is the best video i have ever seen on youtube. Thank you so much for how much work this must have taken you. Liked and subscribed!

Not only well-produced and well-researched, but enlightening into the varied factors involved in scientific communication and its effects on public opinion. Well done 👏

This was an amazing video! I’m no paleontologist or natural historian by any means, but I am a huge fan of history, And in particular the history of historiography. This video went from being a neat examination of extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs, to a very insightful history of geology, paleontology, and competing theories made by scientists, to a full blown existential crisis where I question my own knowledge and the trustworthiness to even the most fundamental sources around me. I hope you make more amazing deep dives like this

Well dang, love the video. What's your process like for researching topics like this? Have some good suggestions on where the general public can learn how to research scientific history, theory, and concepts?

What a lovely video! Informative, insightful, entertaining. I really relate the format of the video with how my own (neurospicy) brain works - the intense bottom-up thinking, with the need to go deeper into the research at every turn, the jumping around, actually’s and other tangents, the devolving into a philosophical discussion haha. Though, it touched on and continued where I always seem to get stuck - that we truly know nothing! You kept on, kept it tidy and managed an ending. I personally can’t seem to tell neat and linear stories as I always spiral into the overwhelm of not knowing which of a thousand different paths to take, then reach a point of burnout where I can only stare blankly at the wall for a while. 😬 I eventually recover, only to unintentionally move on to another topic entirely, leaving the last one unfinished! Not great when I wish I could share my own thoughts and ideas. (I’m realizing they may be starting out too complex, this video is a great example of how deep you can go with a seemingly simple question haha.) I think your point of uncertainly being okay may be quite helpful for me. Thanks!

This was absolutely an excellent watch. Science communication is an absolute gauntlet and there's no clear-cut trail between scientific research and resulting theories and the public perception thereof. (Curious if this will cross Hank Green's radar, he talks frequently about the mess that is science communication, especially with the public.) Part V was probably my favorite portion, especially talking about the entertainment value being a driving force behind a video such as yours. It brings me back to middle school (y'know, approximately ages 11-14 in the US) learning about doing adequate research and how to decide what purpose a piece of media serves: is it trying to educate? Persuade? Entertain? This is something that a lot of people seem to... forget, what with the breadth of reach social media and instantaneous communication seems to possess. Media can serve or intend to serve multiple purposes, and no purpose should be left out when considering how much value to put in intellectualizing a piece of media. I really appreciate the self awareness, as well as the conclusion that... science is flimsy and ever-changing. Personally, that's nothing I've ever feared. I choose to embrace the fleeting information, I like keeping an open mind willing to challenge what I know. It's almost more fun that way--the world is open to surprises when you take changes in science a day at a time. Excellent job, thank you for this wonderful video.

This is an incredible video. It had me captivated and paying full attention for every moment I was watching it. I can give nothing but compliments about the quality (and humour). Especially the humour had me go back sometimes, after I missed a bit because I was laughing too much. These were two well spent hours.

Your humbleness and self awareness of your own bias and limitations make for an incredible breath of fresh air. The lack of these qualities is, in my opinion, humanity's greatest flaw

48:45 this is the greatest image that summarizes the whole video, I almost watched this twice just searching that I didn't have a mandela effect on me, great job!

Exeptionally good. I felt like watching an actual documentary, but if it was like documentary 2.0. The pacing of jokes and narrative is amazing(ha!). It honestly feels like a symphonic orcestra of a video. And oddly when you go meta it fits right into. I could possibly make an actirle trying to explain why this video works so good but im here just to say thanks and promote the video. Currently sharing it to all my friends, bless thy the algorythms.

I would like to admit, I killed the dinosaurs, I got a genie in a lamp, first wish killed the dinosaurs, second wish killed the djin, I still havent gotten that third wish, which imo is fair... idk what would be dead with that one

I saw your pythagoras video, and while i enjoyed it, i had similar qualms about its accuracy on the finer points. Because of this, i had held off on subscribing to your channel. This video, as well as your admissions about your own biases have won me over. I know it doesnt really matter, as im a sinlge viewer with my own biases, but you've got a sub from me.

My god! This ks the best video ive seen all year. Keep up the good work!

your actual introspective reflection on youtube as a whole is what earned you a sub. THAT was actual science! ALSO: william smith

Something I find most interesting about scientific communication these days is just the massive difference between something more mainstream and something that I find on UKposts. There will be documentaries made for streaming services or TV with budgets out the roof that reuse interview clips, have one or two good graphics that come up over and over, and last a uniform 1 hour. Meanwhile on UKposts there are several creators who will produce multi-hour videos about one topic and reach a depth of complexity that I never would have guessed from the start, have interesting visuals throughout, and only repeat information that needs to be stressed too get the point across. And then on the validity of sources, it's always hard to tell, whether on UKposts or mainstream. Just recently Graham Hancock made that big-budget documentary about ancient aliens for Netflix, so having a team of researchers and a pile of cash doesn't increase the validity of the information. Typically whenever I hear a new thing my main filter for truth is, "Does this new piece of information come with more complexity, or does it reduce the question to a single answer?" because in my head if the new bit of information provides a clean simple answer, it's probably not true. But I don't even know if that's true or not. I'm pretty sure it is, but who's to say? This video was amazing. Usually I watch long videos back to back just as a way to fill the void, but this one made me just stop for a while and think. That's not something many videos do for me. Thank you. Edit: completely wrong name for the Netflix documentary mentioned earlier, whoops

UKposts has been putting your videos in my recommended for the last few days and I'm so glad I finally clicked on one you have a great "ness" about you you got the rizz!

This is hands down one of the best informational videos I’ve ever seen! Im in my undergrad right now and hoping to one day be a researcher and your analysis of science communication is spectacular. The things you touch on here put words to trends I’ve been picking up on for a long time but didn’t know how to feel about. I love your attitude and I’m so glad I’ve found your channel! :D

When a 30 minute video can't make me sit down and watch the video completely, congrats on making me watch a 2 hour video on two sessions divided only by my lunch! I really do hope that you'd get more subscribers because it really is impressive.

Bro. That was an amazing vid. First vid I ever saw of you. I love how you chalange the viewer. Have an upvote!

Dude I’m 14min in and this is already amazing the pacing is artwork and I’m so high and so excited to learn thank you

How is it possible that in the midst of all the paleontology and biology channels I follow, this was the first video I get from this channel?! Ticks all the boxes of biology, history, humour I love!

Super fun and interesting watch!! You really are good at making long format videos, but I really can't fathom the amount of work this must have taken you May you be blessed with a favorable algorithm on this one 🙏

my god, you're the true hero of reflecting on things no one tried to reflects on, our society needs more stuff like this

You said something in this work that made me laugh out loud and I instantly subscribed. I forget what, but it was good. Thanks for making this.

Got this in my recommendations and hope it'll spread to others' too, astounding work and expertly narrated!

I started watching the original, noticed it was unlisted, stopped after 4 minutes, read the comment, decided to go looking for the new version, and then youtube-at that moment-notified me about the new one. coincidences can't help but *feel* remarkable

Holy shit I just noticed this ended up getting almost 4 million views. Congrats, you deserve every bit of it!

As a perspective science communicator myself (insert spiderman meme), this was a wonderful video, and you've reinvigorated my interest in the field of science communication, paleontology, astronomy, and comedy with it! I think the best way to move science communication forward is to make it easier for individuals to do research and encourage individual research and fact checking. With this, the interest of the individual can ensure they remain properly informed to the level they desire, and allow us to make mostly true statements (those things with "um, Actually" as their constant echo) in good conscious. Now all we need is to make the internet as a whole less pedantic. oh... shoot.