The Terramare Culture and the Bronze Age Collapse

День тому

In Bronze Age northern Italy the Terramare culture thrived for centuries until one day in about 1200 BC, the population of 120,00 people disappeared.
This was the same era as the Late Bronze Age collapse, when the mysterious Sea Peoples invaded the Near East and destroyed so many ancient civilisations, leading to the first great dark age in history.
Were the people of the Terramare culture involved in some way?
Were they also the victims of climatic changes and foreign invasions that wiped them out?
Or were they perhaps one of the perpetrators? Could they in fact be one of the Sea Peoples?
This is the mystery of the Terramare culture.
If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel
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A Patreon-exclusive post examining the argument that the Terramare people are known to history as the Pelasgians ➜ / 60542410
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My Links
Website dandavisauthor.com/
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Video Sources
The Rise of Bronze Age Society by Kristiansen & Larsson ➜ amzn.to/2XhlH6v
Protecting the Body in War and Combat by Marianne Mödlinger ➜ amzn.to/3BXTtfS
Globalization, Battlefields & Economics by Helle Vandkilde ➜ amzn.to/3aHL2cI
Bronze Age Voyaging and Cosmologies in the Making - Helle Vandkilde
The Collapse of the Terramare Culture And Growth Of New Economic And Social Systems During The Late Bronze Age In Italy By Andrea Cardarelli (2009)
New Research on rhe Terramare Of Northern Italy By Mark Pearce (1998)
Terramare Sickles by Primož Pavlin (2014)
Smiths and Smithing in Bronze Age Terramare by Christiano Iaia (2013)
Remote Sensing, Archaeological, and Geophysical Data to Study the Terramare Settlements: The Case Study of Fondo Paviani (Northern Italy) R. Deiana et al (2020)
The “Tabina 1” Arrowhead -- An Early Bronze Age Weapon Found In A Northern Italian “Terramare” Village Site by Vittorio Brizzi (2011)
Bronze Age Terramare Pottery From Northern Italy - Exercises In Experimental Reproduction by Y. Brodà et al
Bronze Age Textile & Wool Economy: The Case of the Terramare Site of Montale, Italy by Serena Sabatini, Timothy Earle and Andrea Cardarelli (2018)
Terramare, Mycenaean Centers and The Role Of The Adriatic During the Late Bronze Age By Stavros Oikonomidis (2016)
Stone Moulds from Terramare (Northern Italy): Analytical Approach and Experimental Reproduction Barbieri M., Cavazzuti C. (2014)
The SUCCESSO-TERRA Project: a Lesson of Sustainability from the Terramare Culture, Middle Bronze Age of the Po Plain (Northern Italy) by Mauro Cremaschia et al (2018)
Environment, human impact and the role of trees on the Po plain during the Middle and Recent Bronze Age: Pollen evidence from the local influence of the terramare of Baggiovara and Casinalbo by Mercuri et al (2014)
(The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.)
Video Chapters
00:00 The Mystery of the Terramare culture
01:13 What is the Terramare culture?
07:30 Late Bronze Age Trade Networks
13:21 The Terramare and the Late Bronze Age collapse
15:48 The Sea Peoples
18:40 Why did the Terramare people leave the Po Valley?
21:03 Where did the Terramare people go?

КОМЕНТАРІ: 990

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thanks for watching! Please hit "like" and share the video around - it helps me out enormously. And if you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel: Patreon ➜ www.patreon.com/dandavisauthor My books ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5 A Patreon-exclusive post examining the argument that the Terramare people are known to history as the Pelasgians: www.patreon.com/posts/60542410

@CaucAsianSasquatch 2 роки тому

Would you consider an interview, or simply a guest spot? I'd love to present your channel. Anytime.

@CosmicG777 2 роки тому

Hey. I just now saw that your Vampire Knight books 4 and 5 were available on Audible. Just wanted you to know that I bought them immediately. Can't wait to start listening to them. I love that series. You do great work.

@gaslitworldf.melissab2897 2 роки тому

A *theme has emerged* with peoples in and near the Steppes taking *pride* in the status as warrior/nomads. So even as they branch out into trade as the principle economic activity, they see warfare as a kind of *_nostalgic treat,_* so as to maintain their Steppe Cred, which obviously if lost - signals weakness. (Mongol warriors who remained in the Steppes accused the later Khans of going soft, losing their warrior fitness and cultural identity. Surely, they weren't the first or last to make that accusation). Men sometimes do so jokingly, but with a tinge of sobriety in the accusation.

@saratmodugu2721 2 роки тому

8:36 actually the mittani came from southern Central Asia/northern South Asia as they were indo Iranian. Also a peacock symbol was first found in the Middle East in their civilization

@oldmech619 2 роки тому

4:49. The spear barbs break off inside the injured animal. Then it becomes a matter of time before the animal falls

@nullfi7148 2 роки тому

Every one of your videos is just so well researched and documented, I just wanted to let you know how much quality content like this is appreciated. It's a crime that you don't have more subscribers, I wish more people knew about ancient cultures.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you very much, I appreciate it. We'll keep growing thanks to everyone's amazing support.

@augustuscaesar8287 2 роки тому

I entirely agree with this comment. The sentiment is shared.

@adamgetzendanner Рік тому

I totally agree too. Top notch quality. Should have more subs.

@d.esanchez3351 Рік тому

I'm not even a bronce age historian and this videos are so well researched and told that is one of my favorites despite me being absolute nothing about the period.

@Honeybadger_525 2 роки тому

I can definitely see a lot of parallels between the migration of the various "Sea Peoples" and the dispersal of many Germanic, Slavic, and nomadic tribes starting in the 4th century AD that resulted in a similar domino effect with one migrating group displacing another and ultimately overwhelming the Roman Empire.

@telebubba5527 2 роки тому

That was caused by the Huns who invaded Europe and wreaked havoc which in turn forced people/tribes to leave their homeground.

@leezanda8430 2 роки тому

@@telebubba5527 that doesn't mean the same thing wouldn't happen when Bronze Age collapse occur. It is likely.

@telebubba5527 2 роки тому

@@leezanda8430 The Bronze Age collapse was caused by natural causes by people fleeing hunger and drought. That was not the case with the Huns. They were agressivly on a conquest tour.

@Honeybadger_525 2 роки тому

@@telebubba5527 Yes the Hun’s migration westward was certainly the catalyst that sparked the migration of the Alans, Goths and other tribes. However, we don’t know for certain what drove the Huns to migrate westward in the first place. The leading theories are the Han Dynasty bolstering their border defenses, pressure/conflict with other nomadic tribes, adverse climatic conditions, or possibly some combination of all of the above? We have even less certainty of what triggered the late Bronze Age migrations as we have even fewer written accounts from the time period. However, it’s likely a combination of environmental and societal factors that contributed to both migrations.

@thebrocialist8300 2 роки тому

@@ario4795 That’s little more than conjecture regarding the Goths. Of all the (historically impactful) Germanic populations, the Goths had the most obscure, poorly sourced origins/genealogy. And you’re conflating too many things. The Migration Era had to do with the sudden influx of vast numbers of Germanic peoples into Roman imperial territories; not all the generations of inconsequential nomadic movements of Germanic tribes around the empty forests of Central Europe.

@giuliom7704 2 роки тому

The word "Terramare" literally means Earthsea, which is kinda cool if you have read the saga written by Ursula K. Le Guin.

@wizzolo Рік тому

yes, but the name does not derive from the word mare, as in sea, but the word marna , wich means dark, as this kind of fertile dirt, found where the ancient settlements were located, is dark.

@LoLFilmStudios Рік тому

@@wizzolo that’s interesting, thank you. :) I thought basic Latin was enough but these kind of gems should be kept in your trivia brain bank.

@cecileroy557 2 місяці тому

@@LoLFilmStudios I thought the same thing. Thanks @wizolo!

@blanco7726 2 місяці тому

Video literally explains this...👀

@malcky630 2 місяці тому

@@blanco7726 It could mean boggy land.

@MosBikeShop 2 роки тому

Fantastic history telling. I appreciate how you do what an academic anthropologist generally can't get away with--putting these times and people into a narrative form. Even if some, or even half, of your careful, informed speculation ends up being incorrect, you've helped me enormously to contextualize what the heck was going on in these times. I hope other historical world builders take inspiration from you to pursue this kind of 'side job'. Bravo.

@mdhall04 2 роки тому

Word is the sea peoples could be a mixture of different cultures from that region, the big islands next to the Italian peninsula had a warrior culture at the time i forgot their name but they're interesting. Anyways its been speculated that the phoenicians paid the sea peoples to raid their rivals. Than again maybe they got together for glory and the east was filled with riches.

@thewildcardperson 2 роки тому

@@mdhall04 imagine a TV form story sea people going into new towns and turning or conquering people maybe starting with a rebellion of some kind against a king and the Egypt and Mesopotamia perspective and collapse

@oilslick7010 2 роки тому

One of the upsides of studying history in university for me was precisely this. Prozaic and journalistic writing qualities are appreciated and encouraged, as long as it doesn't take anything away from the level of scholarship. I always felt sorry for fellow students from the social sciences who were basically forced to keep it as dry and factual as possible. Not surprising since history is part of the Arts/Humanities, but still....

@user-un8tv1pp8m 9 місяців тому

@@mdhall04 "the phoenicians" where at that point a rabble of city states. Who used to war amongst each other - but got conquered by Tuthmose III about 250 years earlier and where at this point dependent little vassal states of egyptian hegemony. The phase where phoenician cities where rich strong independent city states who could command large mercenary armies? Comes after the bronze age collapse, when neither egypt nor hittite kings had any power to subvert them

@joelkurowski7129 2 роки тому

This is the best theory of the BAC I have seen so far. Even if it's not 'the' event that kicked off the collapse, it provides an excellent example of why and how similar cultures contributed to the phenomenon.

@joechang8696 2 роки тому

There are other excellent expositions of BAC, but all that I have seen emphasize that big civilizations, not from a potential source of sea peoples , which is why is a very refreshing video

@geoffreyfoster8039 2 роки тому

@Joel. BAC ?? Blood alcohol content?

@joelkurowski7129 2 роки тому

@@geoffreyfoster8039 Bronze Age Collapse. Edit: I just realized you are most likely trolling me. In that case, yes. I meant Blood Alcohol Content.

@geoffreyfoster8039 2 роки тому

@@joelkurowski7129 Just having fun.

@joelkurowski7129 2 роки тому

@@joechang8696 I agree. Most of the other ones I've seen tend to be like 'why did this civilization we know so much about fall?' And are not really asking questions about the smaller cultures with less ability to weather things like drought and famine.

@veritasEtjusticia 2 роки тому

Another fascinating video! My only issue is with using the term "Hungarian" to refer to the people living in the Carpathian basin at the time. The Hungarians arrived thousands of years later. I suppose it's used as a geographical reference rather than a cultural one but it's still a bit like referring to the people living in Anatolia at that time as "Turks"...

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Yes it's geographical and it's how these groups are referred to in the literature. I also say Greek and Italian.

@brosef4154 Рік тому

@@DanDavisHistory Why would they do that in the literature? Seems sloppy.

@Arlechinu Рік тому

I took note of the same thing and it seemed like Pannonian would have been more accurate.

@kactus_3008 Рік тому

@@DanDavisHistory Indeed, but only the Hungarians has a revisionist view on the history...🤔

@Ursaarctoshorribilis Рік тому

@@kactus_3008no we don't, we had one 90 years ago but after WW2 not a single politician in parliament advocated for territorial dispute with other countries...

@fabriziomangione3231 2 роки тому

You could do 100 hours of content talking about bronze age and early iron age Italian cultures, I would binge watch every minute. Un abbraccio, buone feste!

@clairecelestin8437 9 місяців тому

This was an excellent documentary. Saying "We know this because" and tying the story back to the archeological evidence is always worth the time, and shows the quality of the research. I learned a lot, and I thank you for all of your hard work.

@daniell1483 2 роки тому

I'm imagining the Mycenean kings during this time, it probably seemed like a flood of people. Many of them were armed and well trained. I can't help but draw parallels with the fall of Rome. To many, it probably seemed like the end of the world.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Yeah it was the end of their world as they knew it.

@revmo37 2 роки тому

@@DanDavisHistory But I'm sure they weren't singing ..."And I feel fine" as REM might add. Sorry Dan. Just kidding. First thing that entered my mind when I read your comment

@evbbjones7 2 роки тому

With that context, think of how many times the world has 'ended' for some people somewhere. We're probably talking hundreds, maybe thousands of times. Then factor in the rippling effects to all the cultures and peoples around them. It's quite the thought experiment. :)

@mdhall04 2 роки тому

I blame the phoenicians

@geoffreyfoster8039 2 роки тому

@@mdhall04 I blame the politicians.

@bc7138 2 роки тому

This is one of the most intriguing videos you've produced so far. To think that the Terramare culture would've played a major role in the Bronze Age collapse, and were among the mass of the Sea Peoples is highly likely.

@user-le5xl3vf2f 2 місяці тому

No it's not, they were another victim of the bronze age collapse at the hands of Urnfield

@fabricdragon 2 роки тому

shared! i always debate, whenever we have a "sudden" collapse or disappearance, whether it was as sudden as we think. the archeological record can get rather compressed, and the difference between Pompeii (actually sudden) and , say, the wells getting unreliable and people leaving (maybe 20 years) can be hard to see after only a few hundred years. after a few thousand?

@zombie2356 2 роки тому

Yeah, It likely was something in between, one hundred, maybe two hundred years of slowly collapsing empires, one after another, I don't believe in sudden "overnight" collapse of empires.

@vanrensburgsgesicht4048 2 роки тому

17:30 On petroglyphs from the Nordic Bronze Age, some boats also have a swan's nose. Jürgen Spanuth speculated that these only became dragons with the onset of climate deterioration and increasing conflicts. (I once made a comb for my niece in the shape of a Viking boat, but with a swan's head. One with a dragon head was intended for my nephew). Many people are also unaware that Jutland used to be twice as wide as it is today. Everything up to the island of Helgoland (Holy Land) was once fertile, flat land. From 1400BC onwards, the climate became increasingly worse and the first waves of emigration began. Around 1220BC a 20m high tsunami swept the west coast and a large part of the land was lost (the last part in a storm tide in the Middle Ages). In addition, few know that a good part of the amber and copper came from this region. It was only after the flood that the amber came from the Baltic. And on Helgoland, deposits of pure copper (with naturally high arsenic content!) can still be found today.

@abrahamdozer6273 2 роки тому

Have they been able to extract Y-Chromosomal or Mitochondrial DNA from the Terramare burials? They were clearly Europeans but it might be useful to compare them to the locations of their descendants in Eurasia to fill in some of the story.

@lorenzogoroni 2 роки тому

@Akhand Bharat 🙄 just no.

@dacritter8397 11 місяців тому

@@lorenzogoroni hahaha, why not?

@yoshijb9428 10 місяців тому

How are they clearly European? They clearly are closer to Mediterranean peoples.

@abrahamdozer6273 10 місяців тому

@@yoshijb9428 ... who are European people ... except in come of North Africa.

@TSEEMOD_618 2 роки тому

As I am from closeby Lago di Ledro in Italy, I am very honored to see something about Terramareans portrayed in a video :) great job :))

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you very much.

@davidbrewer9030 2 роки тому

Interesting. Also the pre-Etruscan Villanovan culture appeared later close to and among the Po River areas.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Yes there may be some continuity there. Culturally related in some ways to the Urnfield tradition and to the Carpathian basin area. Certainly there are similarities on one of the two Terramare burial traditions - one was burial and the other was cremation followed by burial of the bones and ash in urns, just like the Urnfield culture.

@davidbrewer9030 2 роки тому

@@DanDavisHistory It would be interesting comparing a map of sites and sizes of Villanovan places and the earlier Terramare. A number of scenarios are possible. The Terramare fled southeast and joined the Sea Peoples, leaving their lands open for the Villanovans to move into. Or, a gradual mingling of Terramarre and proto-Villanovan leading to a Terramare substrate to the eventual developed Etruscan (Rasna) culture.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

It's likely the Terramare culture was formed by different original populations. Some from the Alps, some from Bell Beaker ancestry, some from Carpathian tell cultures. The elites may have had one ethnic ancestry while the majority population had another. Perhaps they spoke an IE language like Italo-Celtic and also a Tyrsenian language ancestral to Etruscan. Many Terramare moved through Italy after 1200 and there is some material cultural continuity with later Italian cultures.

@user-le5xl3vf2f 2 місяці тому

@@DanDavisHistoryafter Urnfield destroyed Terramare the survivors fled south and created Villanovan culture whilst still under Urnfield control (cremating in urns)

@bentrigowhite 2 роки тому

This is an amazing video, I cannot praise it enough. I love history but often find it difficult to pay attention to videos and documentaries, but the way you contextualized these people and wove a narrative out of it made it enthralling.

@holdenedwards8506 2 роки тому

I can’t watch the video right now, but I wanted to make sure I liked it and added it to my watch later playlist. Thank you for all the amazing content Dan, and have a Merry Christmas!

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

I appreciate it, I hope you enjoy it when you can. Merry Christmas to you too.

@mambojambo4870 2 роки тому

Just checked your channel 10 minutes ago with no new video and now a few mins later you drop this! Perfect timing, perfect topic, superb storytelling! Thank you!

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Great timing. I hope you enjoy the video.

@Xaiff 2 роки тому

Terramare houses feels a lot like traditional houses in many archipelagic nations. Makes so much sense since they'd have similar materials available

@kettelbe Рік тому

And flood problems

@TheEvertw 2 роки тому

Awesome video! I love how you dive deep into these archeological mysteries and come up with plausible answers.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you. I'm mainly summarising the work of Andrea Cardarelli - including the stuff about their migration routes.

@mdstanton1813 2 роки тому

Hope you had a great Christmas/new years Dan. Another great video! I've collected only a very small amount info on the Terramare despite reading much about the Po Valley. Thank you for compiling it all into such an easily digestible format ❤✌

@manzelli1981 2 роки тому

I’ll echo everyone else here: love this channel! Most of us probably grew up learning about *The Ancient Cultures* - Egypt, Greece, Mesopotamia (maybe the Celts too if you grew up in England, Canada, US, etc.) - but there was so much more going on that most of us weren’t taught in school. Thanks for bringing those other cultures to the forefront!

@ignominius3111 2 роки тому

Fascinating. Informative. Well written and presented. Thank you, Dan!

@florisbrieffies2758 2 роки тому

I learned so much from this channel! It puts so many things in perspective. A gem on youtube! I wish you good luck with further work on these subjects!

@FreeFallingAir 2 роки тому

Thanks for the insight on the Terramare people. The bronze age collapse has always fascinated me, learning more about the people's of the time will help greatly paint a picture. Great work as always and very interesting, I just don't understand how you have so few subscribers..Well hopefully we can help the algorithms out with our comments. Once again thanks for the research and hard work. Cheers!

@FaustianFeels 2 роки тому

Another amazing and insightful video David, really appreciate the great production quality of your content always looking forward to another upload.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you so much, I appreciate it.

@mr.roboxihuman4344 2 роки тому

Another well done video. Thank you for the content. Never knew about the Terramare until now.

@Threewulphmoon 2 роки тому

Just when I think i've consumed every bit of content on the late bronze age collapse, Thanks so much for your work!

@sookendestroy1 2 роки тому

I feel like the collapse was likely a cascading event. For some reason the area was struck by mass earthquakes during this time, famine, resource overuse and climatic shifts broke logistic and agricultural reliances utterly. The empires turned on eachother in hopes of preserving something only for an absolutely overwhelming force of small kingdoms, mercenary, tribal and nomadic peoples from across the north and all the periferies to rise up from the collapsing conditions and take what remained of the more prosperous empires for their own only to eventually just conglomerate into the prior cultures.

@djphlange Рік тому

you seem to have the mind of someone who has been studying history for quite some time and are able to capture those very unique topics that most other history channels havent talked to death!

@TimRobertsen 2 роки тому

Love your videos! Watching them feels like a mental timetravel into the ancient world!

@geoffhunter7704 2 роки тому

Another fine presentation,Dan as usual you dig deeply into the mysterious Sea Peoples,very informative.

@davidparadis490 2 роки тому

Merry Christmas Dan. Part of my new years resolutions is to patreon a couple people who give me the most entertainment on UKposts...you and Mark Felton will be the recipients for 2022...keep up the great work!

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you David, much appreciated. Mark does great work. And Merry Christmas to you too.

@grindsaur 2 роки тому

Brilliant video! Thank you again for making the ancient world a little clearer, bit by bit.

@adamnhobbs5545 2 роки тому

Great vid . This helped me creating a mental map going back into deep history very informative looking forward to more.

@robertcrusader5019 2 роки тому

Absolutely fascinating. Thanks Dan for your research and exposition of it. What connection do you think may be between the Terramare and Etruscans?

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you for watching, glad you liked it. It's hard to say for sure. The Etruscans might have moved in from the north after these lot left.

@raympnt 2 роки тому

@@DanDavisHistory I wonder about a connection with the Etruscan type inscriptions from Lemnos. Perhaps the Teramare folk were Etruscans who settled in Asia Minor and then migrated back to Italy.

@EMcKelvyF 2 роки тому

There probably isn't a connection because of the language. The Etruscans spoke a unique language related to pre-indo-european or a paleo-european language. It is related to a language spoken in the Alps but still very different.

@barbojohnsung7113 2 роки тому

There is a Villanova Culture that is suggested to be a proto-etruscan culture located in the italian upper Appennine. It is suggested that Etruscan civilization stemmed from the encounter of this Villanova culture with migrants from the Turkish region, which would explain why there are proto-turk elements in the Etruscan language. If this is true, I am not sure how all this would relate to the terramare culture. Btw I live in the Po Valley and my mom’s last name indicates Hungarian descents, so I really enjoyed to learn about the hungarian migration towards where I live :)

@robertcrusader5019 2 роки тому

@@barbojohnsung7113 Perhaps, as the Terramare culture faded, the remainder of them moved south, encountered others, and the intermarriage of them became the Villanova culture? It seems the dating would allow such an event to be considered.

@TheRealShenronNL 2 роки тому

Thank you for your well researched and highly informative videos. It truly made this year so much better.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you very much indeed.

@dangallagher8034 Рік тому

This video is amazing. Both well produced and informative, and also in that it sheds light on what was a very mysterious collapse. It wouldn't take much to start a wave of migration of peoples who had enjoyed stability in their homelands. Very powerful. Thank you very much Dan.

@pasquinomarforio 2 роки тому

Brilliantly done, again. Your storytelling skills are unsurpassed, anywhere. Thanks.

@THEEck5000 2 роки тому

I’m so happy to have come across this channel

@Drew_McTygue 2 роки тому

Thanks for excellent content Dan, this video was fascinating and well produced. Merry Christmas

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thanks Drew! Glad you thought so. Merry Christmas to you too.

@jacksonquinn8744 2 роки тому

Great work Dan, truly. I've enjoyed every upload

@ofallmyintention9496 2 роки тому

This video is the first I have seen from your channel...instant subscribe; I love this period, and it was very thorough on your end. Good stuff.

@mikepette4422 2 роки тому

Look how close the Terramare are to Greece. Merely a few days sail from one to the other with a good wind.

@nikbear 2 роки тому

It's content of this quality that has meant I hardly watch tv anymore 🙄 this is so well researched, beautifully presented and incredibly intriguing, a real credit to you Dan, thank you for all your efforts, very appreciated, and a very Merry Christmas to you and your loved ones 👏🎅🥃🎄

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you so much. Merry Christmas.

@nannabannanna3958 2 роки тому

fantastic content. the research and presentation are tops. thank you for your hard work.

@chrisbricky7331 2 роки тому

Great video and thanks for sharing all your hard work. Merry Christmas, Chris

@andersen3692 2 роки тому

I am from northern Italy, I found this video very interesting and well made.Thank you

@yeraycatalangaspar195 2 роки тому

Gotta see the vid, but man Terramare is some kickass name.

@darthnihilusthebestsith Рік тому

It's the first video from you I watch. I love how carefully accurate you are in your exposition, it feels great. I died every time you said "terramare like that tho

@theuniversejumper 2 роки тому

Just discovered your videos, and can I say, even apart from the great content, your voice is super calming! Very relaxing

@tweedledumart4154 2 роки тому

Fantastic! Very interesting story. Well researched!

@CoffeeSuccubus 2 роки тому

I love you for posting underrated copper and bronze age cultures in Europe.

@William-Marshall Рік тому

I enjoy your hard work. You do terrific work. Thank you for this and your generosity.

@maxnadeau759 2 роки тому

you're in the recommendations! so glad to have stumbled upon ya

@revmo37 2 роки тому

I know I've mentioned it before when I subscribed with notifications. But I really dig your channel my friend. Great content, research, and narration. I always look forward to your notification. Also, Have a very happy holiday and new year, Dan ! Salute from Pittsburgh

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thanks very much, same to you! Cheers.

@liquidoxygen819 2 роки тому

Great video, Mr. Davis. Never had heard of these people before! Thanks for shining some light on them. It's crazy just how much history and archaeology are unknown even to people interested in the subjects, and it's sometimes hard to fathom that the people who lived in these cultures were real folks and that they lived real lives, and that their actions echo into both the history that many people are familiar with and into the present day Cheers

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Cheers bro, yeah there's so much amazing history to learn, it never ends.

@deadhorse1391 2 роки тому

Thanks for another amazing and informative video I enjoyed it very much !

@MegaTroubleII 2 роки тому

This is incredibly well researched and interesting to listen to

@barrettmaxey7504 2 роки тому

You're the man Dan!

@josephang9927 2 роки тому

Those houses constructed on poles may also be to avoid some rodents and rotten walls. In Puerto Rico and other parts of Latin America people some people used to build houses like that just a few decades ago.

@j3i2i2yl7 2 роки тому

I recall a story about mountain villagers in Vietnam who were relocated during the war to a valley where villagers built homes elevated on stilts. The story was that the mountain people who built their homes low to the ground suffered from diseases born by mosquitos that generally flew low.

@riffmeister101 2 роки тому

Don't remember when or how I found your channel. Glad I did though. Thanks and appreciations!

@vigilantobserver8389 2 роки тому

Thank you very much for the documentary, Dan! I subscribed. So well done. I've been fascinated with the Sea Peoples and their origins for a while now. I lived in Sicily and Cyprus on and off for 17 years and studied their history. I never knew of this connection, however.

@loke6664 2 роки тому

It do seems like the Sea people were a kind of domino effect from the west to the east but the question is if it didn't start further west in Iberia initially. The weather changed (likely due to an Icelandic volcano), there was a series of earthquakes and fires. Then we have war and cities often burnt and finally people moved east. You can basically see as one civilization after the other starts to blink out from the west to the east all within a span of 30 years (Except the Minoans and Mitanni who were gone a while earlier). One question is if trade stopped due to the wars and civil unrest or if the war and civil unrest were triggered by the end of trade. It was trade that made these civilization prosper, particularly the Terramare and without trade they were rather poor. It is interesting to note that many of the cities from the time show signs of fires in the ruling class areas but not where the regular people lived though so it seems like civil war or some kind of social revolution happened in many places including Mycenae. Ramses III seems to blame the entire bronze age collapse on the sea people that he defeated but it seems like there were many factors involved here. It also seems like people from the land the sea people invaded joined them. It is a very interesting topic and one where new finds constantly shows up and often makes the situation even more complex. 100 years ago historians assumed that a raiding force like the vikings just traveled around and destroyed the civilizations like vikings based on Ramses III inscriptions but the more we learn the more complex the whole event seems.

@brutusthebear9050 2 роки тому

Fires among the ruling class could simply be due to population density. At the time, the lower class were more spread out, whereas the ruling class lived in the city centers. A fire would affect a single peasant, but would be much more devastating to the elite.

@loke6664 2 роки тому

@@brutusthebear9050 That is a good point. There is of course the question if angry peasants started those fires, if it was accident, natural disasters or invaders. It also seems like often the richer area of a city burnt while the poorer didn't which is unusual, it is usually the other way around since rich people tend to have access to people who can put out a fire. A decades long dry spell made life very hard for the peasants at the time so they were angry at the people who showed out and collected taxes from them.

@fabricdragon 2 роки тому

depending on the size of the pylons their houses were on, and their livestock... it may have had benefits of allowing the pigs to rest in the shade under the houses (pigs being vulnerable to heat) or to raise the floor up enough to keep rats out of the house... much as later farmers raised their hay up on pylons to keep pets out of the hay stores

@adolfhipsteryolocaust3443 11 місяців тому

From a person living in the po valley: to keep from the water, it easily flods now even with al the canals and ways to keep from flooding, I immagine it was much worse before, when the majority of the po valley was a swamp

@williewonka6694 Рік тому

Great video. Very interesting description of this lost and nearly forgotten people. Wonderful detail of their homes, settlements and culture. Enjoyed the exploration of the causes of this migration, which deepens understanding of this period of history.

@philswede Рік тому

Greetings from Sweden! Thank you for yet another great upload.

@catherineladd5300 2 роки тому

I am loving this freakin channel! I watched it twice already stopping many times to study the maps and geographic movements of these people based on artifacts found. You never disappoint , Dan. I've learned more watching your series than my entire time spent/wasted in school. Great work!

@TyrSkyFatherOfTheGods 2 роки тому

Thanks again, Dan, for teaching me something I never knew. Given the ecological challenges we're facing, we have a lot to learn from episodes like the Late Bronze Age Collapse.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Yes I think that's true. Glad you liked the video.

@andoriannationalist3738 Рік тому

The reason they built homes off the ground is because the ground is cold. In colder wetter climates it helps. All one needs to do is get off the ground a foot and it’s a lot warmer.

@TyrSkyFatherOfTheGods Рік тому

@@andoriannationalist3738 Thanks for that insight!

@Eirexeyes 2 роки тому

Interesting analysis of could be the explanation of the bronze age collapse. I never heard it said I've this before. I've listened to many lectures about the bronze age collapse but never like this. Great job 👏

@Davey-Boyd 2 роки тому

Excellent as always, thank you

@SweetChicagoGator Рік тому

Amazing how these little civilizations grew to bigger villages, then cities, before the dawn of the Roman Empire. The artifacts, body armor, and helmets are astonishing ! Amazing archaeological discoveries !

@ImBarryScottCSS 2 роки тому

Another channel that's gonna blow up, all you have to do is just get the algorithm to feed people one time and they will sub. That's how I'm here, one suggestion, now subbed and will be watching your back catalog.

@joeshmoe8345 2 роки тому

Great stuff love your videos! Thanks for posting again.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thanks Joe.

@williamgriswold2593 2 роки тому

You’ve done a great job! Thank you

@themesiasinrs 2 роки тому

Gonna open a cold beer and enjoy this masterpiece! Thank you Dan!! For all your hardwork

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you, I hope you enjoy the video and the beer. Cheers.

@user-fl8yv7rz6f 2 роки тому

Great video! Would love to see a follow up on the Dorian invasion.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you. Yes that's a good idea, I will add that to the list, cheers.

@itsallpointless6501 2 роки тому

another fabulous vid, thank you

@nneve1 2 роки тому

Great work and a nice voice to listen to. Thank you!

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Thank you.

@pruephillip1338 2 роки тому

This is worth subscribing to. Well done.

@letthetunesflow 2 роки тому

Thank you so much for spending such effort researching for your own amazing books, and then sharing that information you learn with us! You are such a great teacher! You may not be an expert, but you sure can share the information you learn in a way few can! Thank you once again, and please never stop! You have a fan for life here! Please make sure to let us know whenever you release a new one of your books please! Cheers!

@tonnywildweasel8138 2 роки тому

Fascinating stuff again! Merry Christmas everybody, from the Netherlands 🌷, T.

@lordbiro 2 роки тому

Dan, these vids of yours are just great. Thanks :)

@Ishkur23 2 роки тому

Interesting theory. Could the Greeks be describing the Terramere migration as the Dorian invasion? And the Minoan abandonment of the sea? And the destruction of Ugarit? And the battle of Djahy? While there may have been a huge migration, it seems almost too immense for one people to be responsible for all these things all at once. Perhaps there were several migrations, or a domino effect where one led to the other.

@themercifulguard3971 2 роки тому

Don’t forget how the Trojan war conveniently fits into the time period as well as the mass migration of the Indo-European peoples throughout Eurasia

@cruisepaige Рік тому

I live quite near this area and now I want to go to these archaeological sites. There are SO MANY prehistoric sites in Northern Italy! There’s much much more here than the Etruscans.

@KatherineHugs 2 роки тому

Thanks so much for excellent content!

@carmofantasmapiu5575 2 роки тому

Excellent work. Hope for a future video on the nuragic civilization.

@rilonius2865 2 роки тому

I believe the Terramare Culture were the speakers of Proto-Italic and they migrated south across Italy spreading Italic languages when they disappeared.

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

Could be yes or that could have been a later introduction.

@mver191 2 роки тому

Dan I want to hear your take on this : What if the story of Joseph in the Bible was just a remembrance to the start of the bronze age collapse? A long period of drought that only Egypt survived because they stored enough food. Because colonies and islands were dependent on trading ores for food, and no longer receiving any food because Mycenaea had barely any food itself, they came to get it themselves. Just to find out these empires completely collapsed and kept raiding barely defended settlements and cities for food. Just to find out it eventually solved nothing and went to Egypt where they heard was still food. The sea peoples lost against Egypt that was in a fairly stable state, but were also employed by Egypt that promised to feed them. Egypt settled them in Philistine as a buffer zone and they became the Philistines. One of these Philistine sea peoples, the Dan(yun) or perhaps even the Danoi, took side and the religion of the natives and became the tribe of Dan. Samson's (who is clearly a Greek style hero) hate for the Philistines and constantly battling them might give a clue to why they joined up with the natives : war or dislike against the other philistines. The Bible has a passage about the tribe of Dan which can be interpreted in various ways : "Dan will provide justice for his people as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan will be a serpent by the roadside, a viper along the path, that bites the horse's heels, so that it's rider tumbles backward. I look for your deliverance, O LORD" (Genesis 49:16-18)" To quote wikipedia about the tribe of Dan : "The land originally allocated to Dan was a small enclave in the central coastal area of Canaan, between Judah, Benjamin, Ephraim and the Philistines." "Their primary trade characteristic was seafaring, unusual for the Israelite tribes. In the Song of Deborah the tribe is said to have stayed on their ships with their belongings." "In the apocryphal Prayer of Asenath, Dan is portrayed as plotting with the Egyptian crown prince, against Joseph and Asenath." (the sea people were settled in Canaan by the Egyptians after started working with them) Another clue about their origins is : "The six hundred Danites, armed for battle, stood at the entrance to the gate. The five men who had spied out the land went inside and took the carved image, the ephod, the other HOUSEHOLD GODS and the cast IDOL while the priest and the six hundred armed men stood at the entrance to the gate. When the men went into Milcah's house and took the carved image, the ephod, the other household gods, and the cast idol, the priest said to them, 'What are you doing?' They answered him, 'Be quiet! Don't say a word! Come with us and be OUR FATHER AND PRIEST. Isn't it better that you serve a tribe and clan in Israel as priest rather than just one man's household?' Then the priest was glad" (Judges 18:16-20)." Here they employ a clearly "pagan" priest and use idols. So do you think there is any possiblity the tribe of Dan is actually a "converted" and integrated Philistine/sea people tribe?

@KermRiv 2 роки тому

Interesting and plausible, but I don't think it's likely.

@mercianthane2503 2 роки тому

No. Joseph lived way before that, perhaps around the 19th century BC. And his story is only centered around Egypt. Still Bronze Age.

@mver191 2 роки тому

@@mercianthane2503 We don't know when Abraham lived. The Bible seems to remember very little facts from before the 9th century BC and most things seem to be vague rememberings. There is not a word about the Bronze Age collapse for example (despite 1/3th of the Levantine population dying). There is not a single word about the Egyptians occupying the Levant for most of the 2nd millenium BC, only pulling out just before the collapse of the bronze age. Joshua would've fought the Egyptian army, which he didn't. He seem to enter the Levant when it wasn't under control of a powerful empire. Which means he lived before the 17th century BC, or during the power vacuum left by Egypt when they pulled out right before the bronze age collapse in the 11th century BC. Places and tribes as well are mentioned that didn't exist yet for a long time. And especially not in the 17th century BC. Moses would've fled from Egypt to Egypt. Jericho did not have walls anymore (destroyed by Egypt after a revolt) and barely anybody lived there in the 2nd millenium BC. Only a few shepherds lived there. They started rebuilding the city and walls around the 7th century BC. This all points to me that during unification or during exile they stitched different (origin) stories from the tribes together into a single narrative.

@mnomadvfx 2 роки тому

The problem is that you start from a presumption that events were as described and not tales of other people heard by the Israelites/Judeans and later retold through a Hebrew lens. I've seen significant discussion that implies much of the Torah was in fact tales of alternative near eastern origin and rewritten/recast to suit the Hebrew narrative by their priests.

@mercianthane2503 2 роки тому

@@mver191 Nah, if the Exodus happened around 1450 BC or 1445 BC, then the Hebrews reached Jericho around 1410 or 1405 BC, and Jericho did had great walls around the 15th BC. In this case, Jacob and his family entered Egypt around 1850 BC. So this is around the Bronze Age. And the Bible is correct, for I do not place the Exodus around the 13th century BC, for it makes no sense.

@BahamJunPiano 2 роки тому

Very interesting! Thank you for this great story!

@deanfirnatine7814 2 роки тому

Thank you for doing this

@samuelleandro2275 2 роки тому

Terramare is one badass of a name ngl

@DanDavisHistory 2 роки тому

That's what the 19th century Italian farmers called the earth they harvested from these sites. The archaeologists got it from them.

@lewishladun1684 2 роки тому

Just found your channel, I’m definitely gonna try your books. I don’t really like typical Tolkien style fantasy but I LOVE mysterious occult shit from the dark depths of human history 😜

@fawnmalone410 Рік тому

Great production, even the background music is well chosen!

@mnforager 2 роки тому

Everything about these videos is top notch. I hope you get picked up by a larger producer that can compensate you properly for your effort and talent

@m.x. 2 роки тому

I had a realisation in the video you posted about the Eurasian nomads from the Eurasian Steppe, that most of the destruction of civilisations were done by people from the north in different moments of history. This video adds up more evidence to it.

@giuliomachiavelli3414 2 роки тому

I enjoyed your video, especially because I live close to the areas you described (Verona). Unfortunately the quality of the information in Italy on pre-Roman populations or after the Roman-Germanic reigns are not very popular here.