Yeah, it's like when people said the Maginot line failed because everybody went around it. It fucking worked if they could not cross it.

@@SirDavid290 it's spelled Maginot line

@@ZQR2007 Forgot the T.

@@SirDavid290 yea. nice you edited it

@@SirDavid290 except rommel of course, basically walked through it

Lmao

Been looking for this comment. :D :D :D I was watching that on repeat. :D

@@vedranb87 Same here. Probably didn't die but his eardrums were toast for good.

@@Attila_Meszaros And anyone else's in that squad. Whoever decided, "hey, let's check if this canon is loaded" probably went major Oops after that. :D

Soviet soldiers were cheap

Sumit Dhull I used my knowledge from skill share to build this tower. As you can see they taught me how to make a almost indestructible building, and you can learn how to build one on skill share.

german scientists knew how to do a symmetrical blast, 😂👌🏼💨 lmao

They must have learned how to build those towers on UKposts.

Nope they used rapidshare

You must construct ukposts.info/have/v-deo/jGSArGirbJlloqc.html

The weird thing is it worked back then. Though if they weren’t able to go around it they would just bombard it until it goes down making it more of a delay rather, because in order to be used the war situation has to be pretty bad in the first place

@@Icetea-2000 those towers could not be destroyed by traditional bombing. They were mountians, and impervious to all available weapons at the time.

@@RobinTheBot That’s actually right, yeah. They needed two loads of TNT in the whole tower to destroy the first one in Berlin although the first load was already thought to be overkill. And that was from the inside. From the outside you’d need nothing shy of a nuke to crack those things.

They perfectly do job actualy, no antibunker bombs and volumetric explosives at time to defeat them. They shit becoz of their cost in resources. Any of these gigantic constructions cost material as minimum as 4-6 great fortified defence points. That s probably much better to have 15 good AA flack points ensteed of 3 exceptionaly good. Hitler's gigantomania spill some effetiveness of German army.

Lol

poor dude

Shoot forgot to turn that off in the settings

always wonder what happened to that guy

Jesus christ that gunner is such a idiot. Really shows how little the Soviets valued human life. I mean he wasn't hit but it looks very dangerous.

Fantastic.... I wasn´t the only nerd to notice this straight away.

Exactly🤣🤣

And now, after round two of the globalist experiment, we know the Germans were right all along.

I doubt the shoots did come from the tower, notice how the heavy AA gun is in a "hole" give extra protect to the gun and the crew. They cant lower the elevetion enough to shoot "down" from the tower before the gun barrel hit the concrete.

@@kirgan1000 Actually it is well documented that the zoo tower guns did force the Soviets to abandon their first two attempts at reaching the Reichstag. The distance from the zoo to the central area was far enough that the angle of elevation didn't need to be too low.

Underrated

Why do I see you everywhere

I don't understand how the flak towers defeated the soviets when they only provided some fire support and were meant for anti bomber so not like they were built to do it even if some 128mm guns Managed to knock a few Soviet tanks out

@@thurbine2411 @@thurbine2411 let me emphasize the words you said.... ONLY SOME firesupport..... Well its not like anyone would get scared if a whole barrage of 20mm and 37mm shells come flying their way from all the way at the end of the river.... its not like if you took 1 20mm round to the face that you would die and most tanks that came its way were bombarded with a weapon meant for both anti air duties and anti tank duties capable of firing flak - HE and AP rounds ... nah true its not like such a tower is only a few 1500 men strong with no way to destroy it...

Mauro Moens Well it couldn't change the outcome by much and yes it only provided some fire support. It couldn't provide much help for the whole city defenses and I know that a 20mm bullet will kill you very easily but still it couldn't make the soviets lose in any way. It was a formidable defensive structure but not impossible to win over. You don't have to destroy something to win just go around or wait. The tower didn't have the same firepower as the 2 soviet armies with their massive artillery strength.

@@thurbine2411 well strangely enough they did have enough firepower to make the soviets retreat and go around it. You say it didnt have the same strenght as the soviet artillery... if that were true.... wouldnt that mean they wouldve neutralized it

Like their strategic bombers and long range escort fighters. Awesome. Naval aviation. Can't do better than German aircraft carriers.

still didn't win the war!

Their defeats we're phenomenal too. Awe inspiring even.

they were 25 years ahead of anyone else...

@@michaelprovence2159 yeah just like US in vietnam

Piet Muijs Very few people want to destroy these towers to censor history. Also, as you can see, most of the towers still stand, so I don't get what your point is?? Germany post-WWII has been great about remembering the past. Your comment is redundant and useless to German people.

Just look at the same thing happening all over the place in the US.

+Leroset where did he mentioned german history or its people?

Piet Muijs Well war is a simple way of settling different opinions. If you dont want war the one party, will always have to be submissive to the other resulting in dictatorship. We need war. As much as you dont want to admit it war is good, it maintains stability.

lol what is this dumbass dog-whistling comment

Defense*

if the objective is to be ignored and get roflstomped. sure...

@@elitemation They're the same.

@@iopohable salty little communist hahahahahaha, click off the video if you're just going to complain like a baby

I don't get it...

who knows, maybe it was a captured tank :P

@@Niidea1986 This particulair Panther tank was used as a stationary gun platform. Tanks that were beyond economical repair, but still with a functional turret could still be used against the Russians.

@@kossa_maneka315 let me send you back to primary school

@@Niidea1986 umm thats... I mean it's kinda dumb to think that... A tank...

rollie *_Artillery operator has been kicked for team killing_*

Oof

He's probably ok. Probably deaf if not in a coma.

rollie Stalin muzzle blast stronk

Those workers were living in concentration camps mind you.

Germany, overengineer everything.

@@noname_atall No but overengineering is the perversion of the qualities of german engineering you could maybe say.

@@noname_atall I know, but still, they were so good at building new and weird stuff.

those structures are a testament to stupidity.

Skillshare wasn't around then. Then again neither was the internet.

Patrick Milewski it’s a joke

r/whooosh

R/woooooosh

Markeos77 to who

When I wrote this comment 3 days ago, I never thought 7 people would see that too. If anyone else notices anything else off about the video, add to comments.

Lol wow 7 likes you should be proud

@@jeffdebono624 i know, when I set out on this adventure 4 days ago, I never thought I would get this far

@Brylle Cruz thank you for you constructive comment and we will continue to build apon this!

@Brylle Cruz you're right but it's unfitting. If I talk about an army losses i show the army typical machines, not the rare ones, taken by other armies

few hammer strikes? not everyone lives in a cardboard house mate

@@ryanhawkin7574 Unless the wall is made of steel, or concrete wall with rebar, standard cement plastered concrete bricks could be destroyed with sledgehammer, even ordinary hammer for hammering nails.

*laughs in rust*

@@lolbosss steel reinforced concrete walls dont rust.

@@eleethtahgra7182 the steel would rust and expand cracks in the wall over time

The 189th it was probably a captured german tank that the soviets used cus they own tank wus too shit

That's how Goebbels propagada works. As we may see here, it is pretty much alive

Josh it is different design parameters the M4 Sherman may have not been the best tank of the war but it was the best tank for the USA during the war

It was captured.

The 189th exactly, this is a bit that people forget about equipement of different sides, they're also a great show in different production capabilities and design approaches.

Title of the video is wrong

Shut up you lazy commie

"contributed disproportionately to the defeat of Nazi Germany" That's debatable

@@chaosXP3RT No, it isn't. 80% of German military casualties occured on the Eastern Front. The USSR was the single biggest reason the Nazis were defeated. I know it hurts your feelings, but the big bad commies did more than the liberal imperialist states of the West

Carnage and destruction? They were bomb shelters.

I just want to know where the Nightclub one is, because that sounds properly debauched - bet it's fun too.

Yes that is a panther, and I’m pretty sure Russians didn’t use captured German equipment

Yeah it's a Panther, I doubt it would have been a captured one however, lacklustre communication and frantic fighting in Berlin would have made these Panthers targets for other Russian units whether they were actually German or just repurposed. By this time the Russians had a thriving production rate and the IS-2/3 was superior (imo) to the Panther I

Invictus The Russians didn't use German equipment because they were prone to breakdowns and more complicated to use. Not because the IS2 was better.

Yes, that is true. Though they had a memo in the Red Army that told their soldiers to use Panthers and Tigers until they broke down. They fixed Panzer III and IV but left the larger but more poorly engineered "cats" to rust.

It does look like a Panther and doing a bit of digging, it seems the rubble around it is part of an intentional defensive position. They used partially functional/broken tanks, with the rubble adding extra protection

FutureNow Sign up to skillshare and learn to produce footage like this or choose from may other skills available to be learnt :D

and an impressively smooth segue into his sponsorship too

Are flight permits required in Vienna?

but isn't it illegal to fly drones over vienna? idk.

Yes it is, but you can either get a special permission or do it illegally, in most cases nobody cares. Police is quiet friendly with drone pilots if they don't act like complete retards. I haven't flown over Vienna yet, but I have done dozens of illegal flights (since any flight with a camera has to be permitted in austria) and even got caught by the police several times. Usually they are either interested in the drones specs or just wanna know if you checked if it's safe to fly here, they never really cared, which i appreciate alot.

Taliban defeated the ussr

No. There was no taliban yet in the 80a

"That defeated the USSR" Red army: Kills Hitler

Rosa i guess he meant that they managed to defeat the soviets in one engagement

@@thurbine2411 No I think he meant the time the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. The Soviet-Afghan war lasted for 9 years and the Soviet lost well more than one engagement in that war.

Not monetized in the first place. Check mate UKposts

Benito Llan Matos you beat me to it.

hehehe nice one Real Engineering

UKposts did Nazi that coming.

Real Engineering Now that's indestructible.

if you look into it there are videos on the flak towers

Claxiux u gotta understand youtube viral marketing to let the title go my friend

I was expecting more engineering too.

Also, the towers were ordered by Hitler who was enraged after the civilians were bombed by the enemies.

He said they were a constant REMINDER of an evil war...

hitman harvey IKR?? Like wtf was that 😂

Wow didn't see that until you pointed it out. That's a powerful muzzle blast

😂😂😂

The blast startled him

Haha and I like how the shooter just runs away right after

He did mention it but could have gone into more detail.

Seems like there wasn't much complicated engineering involved. Pour huge amounts of concrete. Make sure the bottom can support the top.

quite the contrary. their design is the basis for most modern bunkers as they are the first to consider shock waves and the likes in their designs.

Alexander F this ismt you regular old building,he could have said more about supports of the building and how they made the walls 2.5 meters thick

The title just said the story of these buildings

Videos= Quality^2

Duwang Man That's parabolic, not exponential.

Yeah, i thought those videos of the towers were taken from some stock website, i didn't expect him to actually go there and record them himself, great job indeed.

@john titor shhhh Domain }x> 0

Eventually they will reach critical mass...

True

Your name already spelled your age... Stfu.

JUST MONIKA youtube is stupid when did youtube become so dumb probably the idiot CEO that let Logan Paul keep his channel because he makes money for UKposts

Dino Fan It's because their motivations are political rather than financial.

lol here come the conspiritard alt-reichtards

Strong Back pretty strange if you think about it

*I N T E N S E S H A K I N G .*

Real Engineering is this the same kind of towers filmed by Jerryrigeverything?

Real Engineering giorgi is from georgia :D

Did you also visit Wewelsburg ?

I don't like to read manuals either but when it comes to features: RTFM

Real Engineering I noticed that your T-shirt icon is still the old version. Don't know if you knew that

People always forget how tall 50 meters is; the flak towers are about 13-16 floors. Very impressive.

Da comrade is great tactic

xd

And probably got a concussion from just the blast itself. Muzzle blast is no joke, especially when its a shell going from 0 to 680 m/s from a 76mm ZiS-3 in milliseconds.

reu tardio and what can we do with that ?

this is why you have specific protocols to shout CLEAR before blasting any kind of ordnance

tyron smith the russian could not done that without the help of the American. US sent a very large amount of supply and ammunition to Soviet to keep those russian fighting

Russians defeated Germany on their own. Hitler concentrated 75% - 85% of the Nazie army in the Eastern Front. US and Canada did not star fighting Hitler until late 1943 when the soviets already liberated Eastern Europe and were marching towards Berlin by then.

@tyron smith the guy is clueless, US and Canada didn't start fighting Hitler until 1943 they were primarily fight the Japanese. The US and Canadian army would have been wiped out if they would have actually engaged them in 1940

@@jaketorralba4521 US weapons were inferior against German equipment, and incomparable with Russian equipment as well, so it would have been pointless. Besides, US wanted Russia to fall, don't believe that propaganda in US history books because they actually claim they are the ones who defeated the Germans.

@@bobyberry8394 i pretty sure canadians die in 1940 while france campaign and canada declare war against germany in same time than british and france

They needed the engineers who exploded the whale in 1970. The highway department of Oregon.

let that rat have it.

@Brylle Cruz ohh so he's just deaf now :-)

johan dahlström Swedish or Norwegian?

Vinny Booboo that wasn’t a nazi getting blasted

@Vinny Booboo i hope you get sick kiddo. The death of civilians is not funny.

Luca Gorosito Rave Bruder

just for the sake of clarification, a night club, is just a club, like a disco. But in some countries people refer as nightclub to stripclubs

Its actually 2 night clubs and a musician school

saturday nacht fuhrer?

Club dead?

Linoc10 Yeah, definitely. I live there and see it quite often

Well, with hundreds of thousands of slaves anyone can build massive structures with tonnes of resources in short amount of time.

fatbadboy329 which slaves?

who built them specifically?

millions starved while forced as slaves to work for Germany

radio boys yes and you were a wittness to that ??idiot did you saw what was Germany like after war?razed to ground and dust..But German people are hard working they rebuilt much of stuff brick by brick by them selves that it looked like before bombing..Hard working people not like gay French Slave country England or America made on genocide of indian tribes or Soviet Union that killed 30 milion people in gulags..30 milion oh wait Stalin is a good guy as long as you Fight alongiside USA and British it doesnt matter who you kill just kill damn Hitler..

As said in the video, they were designed to defend the city against allied raids, to protect the civilians.

Berlin was full of these towers, it only took the Soviets about 10 days to take most of Berlin.

@Busy Sheun socialism and communism is on the left.

Defend civilians? You mean defend the guys who genocide civilians...

@@SelfProclaimedEmperor No, there were only about three or four of them. Once the city was largely in Soviet hands, all anyone had to do was besiege the towers until the defenders gave up.

Censorship much?

but it also don't prove him right. sometimes very evil ideas are quite popular and need to be eliminated. look trump for instance, or hitler, or bolsonaro, or thatcher, or hirohito, or mussolini, or cigarette ads, or the terrorist organization self proclaimed as the islamic state, or the terrorist organization self proclaimed as state of israel...

@@noname_atall what are you going to do? take people down for crimes they haven't committed yet? If you KNOW they're going to do a crime surly you have evidence to back that up? present it. But if their only crime is having bad ideas then debate them. If you can't win a fair debate perhaps it is you ideas that are flawed. If your opponent does as the adl does and tries to defame you, you could try sueing them.

naaah, that guy probably had NO day after that :P

He survived. In the longer version you can see him getting up again. If you look closely you can see him trying to catch himseld with his arms towards the ground. He would't do that if he would be that.

Or he died after that,i saw people survive near hits from ASM's walked for a while than died due to internal damage

Lars V the thing is that pre marshall plans germans were forbidden to do business. Look it up. You were basically not allowed to employ ppl in productive jobs. Most production was forbidden. These sanctions were lifted, thus allowing a normal economy to start working again. That was the most important part. Not the actual spend money. Especially bcs the sums were really not worth mentioning... Probably the delivered goods were more valuable. Especially what american citizens send... Ppl never bother to learn about these restrictions

Lars. Who the fuck cares what Germany got from the Marshall Plan. If the Soviets killed 26,000,000 germans in retribution then the amount of funding would have been double for the remaining germans. Fuck wit over 70,000,000 people were either murdered or displaced thanks to the Nazis and you are crying?

@@aesop8694 Shut the fuck up rascist idiot.

@@kloschuessel773 Yes, Morgentheau and the Hebrews in the Roosevelt administration attempted to exterminate Germans post war.

@@gregorymalchuk272 Interestingly enough, they ended up doing the exact opposite of extermination, Purposefully rebuilding the German economy and military, employing former Nazi war criminals to assist in the endeavor, Specifically to make them a new frontline ally against the spread of the new enemy n.1... the Communists. They did the same in Japan and Italy. These defeated aggressor nations were propped up and former perpetrators of mass killing enrolled in their service... The only major nation that was not only practically untouched by the war, but even increased their industry (which needed to be propped up) pumped their resources to fight communist nations which were practically leveled with the ground during the war... Oh and Britain helped as well, their industries also suffered only minor damage. From the Soviet perspective, their former allies propped up their former butchers... Interestingly, in response the Soviets were pumping their limited resources into East Germany as well, to attempt and balance it out. So if you think about it... The real winners of WW2 were indeed Italy, Japan and Germany along with the U.S and Britain, and the real losers were the Soviets, the Yugoslavs and the Chinese.. the communists. Who after having their nations devastated, along with loosing massive amounts of their populations, also were left to fend and rebuild by themselves, while their image was turned into something worse than the Nazi/fascist aggression and genocidal tendencies of the previous decade. At the same time Japans, Italy's and Germans conduct during the war was whitewashed (all but the Holochaust of jewish people, while ignoring the genocide of over 18million slavic people and millions of Chinese and Indians) and the perpetrators reinstated. Better not bash the new allies, and put the crimes on a select group removed from the general populace(In Germanies case the SS) even though the Wehrmacht and the imperial Japanese army along with the Italian army, were all out of the general populace, and as we now know, all committed extensive ethnic cleansing and deliberate murder of civilians. (The Japanese still honor their war criminals at a shrine, to the endless dismay of the Chinese, which they were butchering throughout the war) In the long run, Italy, Japan and Germany didn't loose, they won.

Also how tower defeated Soviets? Didn't they win and liberated most of Europe except Belgium and half of France?

@Родина-мать зовёт! Yep

@Родина-мать зовёт! Hitler: attempts to exterminate Russians Russia: goes on a warpath to beat Hitler's ass, uses brutal and excessive force because everyone in the army is seething with rage Hitler: shocked Pikachu face

@Родина-мать зовёт! Are you... on drugs? Or this is how insanity looks like?

@Родина-мать зовёт! That was my question. Never answer with a question on a question.

My man check out the Berlin map by playmobile in the workshop, there is a flak tower off map.

There is a flakturm map in Day of Infamy. It's a fucking nightmare.

The last level of Medal of Honor Airborne has you landing on and fighting inside one of these.

meerkat1954 I fucking love that mission

Trust me it sounds fun but its honestly one of the worst maps in DOI its a slog to fight Through

Comrade Serb No because Mid-to-Heavy caliber cannons were used for AA roles and were manually loaded, like italian 90mm AAA cannons or German 8.8cm or Japanese 120mm ones. Not all small caliber AA guns were Automatic cannons.

Not impossible to attack, not impossible to destroy. But doing so would be very expensive, probably weeks of constant assault/bombardment or months of mining/sapping, tons and tons of precious ammo, many men, lots of machines. Just like castles of old. Too much trouble to take so attackers would instead encircle them, force the occupants to come out or endure siege. Ugly either way.

More the other way around. Star Wars took lots of cues from WWII, particularly Nazi Germany.

Wong chen I really miss MOH

I was hoping someone would remember

I miss that game

the music at this level!! eargasmic :)

I'm always reminded of Yahtzee's Zero Punctuation review of MOHA where he shows a Flak Tower and expresses his skepticism that the Nazis actually had what he describes as a "Doom Fortress" :D They sure are Doom Fortresses tho, you'd never guess that one with the cracked roof had survived an attempted demolition; it looks more like some kind of minor bomb damage.

Nazist terror.

'german terror' soviets killed more people.

I think comunist side of berlin were not happy about being part of that soviet mode of life.... Only asking about wonders of comunism

The nazi terror is defeated. Long live soviet terror!

They are still scared of anything a Nazi may have touched.

Remember they used the Ardennes to defeat the french, they went behind and took down the Maginot line

@@totalfailforfun4721 That's true. Whatever works...

but the thing is, they had to avoid them. the maginot line forced the germans into what was essentially a bottleneck of a front line, meaning you can concentrate more troops on a smaller line to defend it the towers forced the soviets to take alternate routes and created an exclusion zone

Actually they slowed them down by several days but whatever

There’s a difference between a loss and losing in a different battle. The Maginot did its job. It protected the French from the Germans. But where there was no Maginot, the Germans broke through. This isn’t the failure of the Maginot, this was the failure of the rest of the defense.

Lots and lots of concrete is plenty to make a bunker immune to any nonnuclear weapons available at the time. I'm curious how resistant they would be to modern bunker busting missiles or if you could even get in range to use those weapons against these towers.

depends on how expensive heavy and fast it is, steel/depleted uranium/tungsten carbide rounds work the same way on smaller scales. in reality you would probably just go after the offensive defenses on top or leave it alone like was done according to war tourist dot eu "The Mighty Flak Towers" the Grand Slam could get through the u-boat yard's 7 meter thick concrete ceiling in France, Saint Nazaire. according to some small arms manufacturers that is equivalent to 15 to 20 meters of common soil depending on the type of round

TRY PAYING ATTENTION KIDDO 8m OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS AND 5m STEEL REINFORCED CONCRETE ON TOP. PuBLic ScHools and The EmbeDDed NEA wiLl be the DeatH of AmERicA. *American parents HOME SCHOOL YOUR KIDS if you want them to have a REAL CHANCE when they grow up.*

he said 2.5 meters of reinforced concrete, back then they didn't have quality UHPC so today for the same effect would be 1/2 or less thickness for same ballistic resistance wikipedia says the zoo tower, the first of the flak towers, could hold 15,000 people, and has 2.4m walls and 1.5m thick roof. wartourist's museum PDF "The Mighty Flak Towers" of the sites show 3.8 meter thick roof. an air raid shelter and climate controlled shelter for artwork plus an 85 bed hospital

owww roasted!

Adds money to the economy

Google: Maginot Line

Of course there's always been a use for defenses in war, but was the Maginot Line made up of "castles" per se? I found these to be interesting because they seem to look and behave more like castles as opposed to something like the Ouvrage Schoenenbourg.

Well, the somewhat stupid part, is concentrating such major amounts of ressources into stationary strongholds while WWII was a highly mobile conflict. Maginot seems pretty similar in that regard, even though they put more of it underground by hollowing out large hills. The major turret defenses of these forts were usually on top of a natural formation with mines and bunkers below it. The scale of it seems similar enough. I'd agree that these look a bit less crazy, but the concept was just as outdated. And in my book maginot forts get a castle bonus for being build on top of hills. Eben Emael seems very castl-y ; )

Its actually a flakturm or “flak tower”

Meant for AA defense

N Vannote. DO you even know what nazis were?

Yes but block of concrete are not evil by nature.

Weeljak Nah bro, they only used special jew hating gravel and concrete...

Zte Axon 7 Bruh are you for real... I really hope you’re taking the piss

you brainwashed

yep , if it wasnt for the commies the reich would be on the moon in 1946

no, most of the Nazi ideas were impractical and insane. and the ones that weren't, the US and UK had them too.

Britannic hayyomatt Have you heard about german rocket scientists? They brought us a big step ahead from moving into outer space by developing the V2 for example.

​@@thebasher7204 The V2: a short range highly inacurate "IC"BM, doing more harm to the producing country than to target, surely a magnificant weapon!

Lmao even I thought that the last mission of MOH Airborne was fake. It was real all along

No it was fake. Really cool game. The US never took a flak tower. Never needed to .

Didn’t the British only bomb them a bit in the Battle of Britain? And it was not 1940 when they did the night bombings right?

Sean Kauder it did happen

laenmowre The British bombed all german cities with nearly only civilians in them

No. England pursued a more brutal civilian air campaign before Germany

now u know it...

besmen 42 lol

i scrolled down to find this. that was crazy, the man was barely across and the other guy ran up and pulled the hammer.. i suppose there was a serious threat coming in down the road but dam that one guy almost was on video being absolutely destroyed.

Not really. The towers did their job and defeated the Soviet forces assaults against them. The title doesnt state that the towers won WW2. It is simply emphasizing the fact that the Flak towers themselves defeated the Red Army's attempts of demolishing them to rubble. They pretty much forced the remaining troops and civilians to surrender.

@@EmmAyeVee ``the WW2 Towers that the soviets never conqured `` would sound lot more better and more accurate to the reality ... however appreciate explanation of your point of view!

Defeated in battle. But not defeated them in the entire war.

You're right. Nothing defeated the Soviets. They won.

@@voxer99 They just defeated them selves. Sorry not sorry. Peace. Can we make a future that is excellent for kids everywhere please. People can ultimately use they're earned money the way they want, educating and helping in deciding what to do with the money is key. Love.