This Gun Could Reach Space

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Real Engineering

Real Engineering

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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi
Animator: Eli Prenten
Sound: Graham Haerther
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster
References:
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung

КОМЕНТАРІ: 1 600
@donaldneill4419
@donaldneill4419 Рік тому
Fairly certain that the propellant bags the lads were loading were bog-standard US Navy 110-lb charge bags for the MkVII 16"/50 battleship guns from the Iowa-class BBs, which is what the HARP gun was built from. While the ignition patches at the base of each propellant bag are indeed black powder, the propellant is not. Otherwise, outstanding video; as both a former Canadian gunner and a former defence scientist, Gerald Bull's tale has always been a cautionary one.
@sleat
@sleat Рік тому
From Wiki, _"For propellants, the 16-inch gun used either the solvent type WM/M.225 or the solventless M8M.225, both manufactured by Canadian Arsenals Limited."_ Other propellants may have been used in other tests, of course, but I wouldn't be using BP for the main propellant. Also, I'd expect much more of a "white cloud" at the muzzle if only BP were in use. Any citation for the Navy 110 pound charges?
@Shakes355
@Shakes355 Рік тому
There seem to be references to black powder and gun powder used interchangeably throughout the video. Since M8M appears to be a double base powder consisting of primarily nitrocellulose, it is functionally a gun powder. I suspect the author's focus was elsewhere and didn't note the difference. Thanks for the information!
@LeviathanFoundation
@LeviathanFoundation Рік тому
i still love how its explained 2 16in guns welded to gether its the most redneck thing ever besides perhaps duck taping theming to gethar. though it still does not beat that man hole cover which became the first man made object to leave the planet and perhaps solar system.
@LoanwordEggcorn
@LoanwordEggcorn Рік тому
@@Shakes355 It's not the first time UKposts videos have contained inaccuracies. And yes, black powder and smokeless powder have radically different properties. They generally cannot be safely substituted for each other.
@sleat
@sleat Рік тому
@@Shakes355 You write: _"it is functionally a gun powder"_ Yes gun propellants are a product made of specifically-shaped smaller pieces which might resemble "powder" from a distance, which is used in guns. The chemistry and behavior are very different, though. Double-base propellant charges are certainly made of smaller parts, but they're not generally random ground-up propellants like various fine-ness grades of black powder (i.e. F, FF, FFF). They are individual pieces of propellant, which are very accurately shaped, like the cores of solid-fuel-rockets. If you look at gun propellants (that are not black powder), up-close, they may look like short strips of translucent spaghetti, tiny cylinders with a tinier hole through, about the outside-diameter of a mechanical-pencil-lead, or disks or donuts with a hole through the middle. The point of this is to have the propellant burn more consistently regardless of the combined temperature and pressure, such that it provides a "push" rather than something more like an HE detonation when ignited. The different shapes and compositions are all in order to give a very consistent and predictable burn-rate across different charge-sizes and pressures. You want the charge to deflagrate at the desired rate, not detonate. This burn-rate attribute is not as easy to control with ordinary "gunpowder" (i.e. black powder). If you put, say AR-2208 rifle propellant and FFF black-powder side-by-side under a magnifier, you'll notice they are very different. The black-powder resembles black rocks, randomly shaped, with a specific size-range, while propellants have definite individual shapes (AR-2208 is tiny pale green cylinders) which are consistent throughout the charge.
@Pest789
@Pest789 Рік тому
I don't know where you got the idea that the gun used black powder as a propellant, but all of the documentation I can find lists surplus naval propellant as the propellant used in the project. The US hasn't used black powder as an artillery propellant since before 1900. Edit: Your own animated graph lists M8M as the propellant, which is mostly nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin, not sulfur, carbon, and saltpeter
@timothybeal799
@timothybeal799 Рік тому
I had the same sputtering reaction: WTF!! WHY the hell would they be using black powder?!!! How could that POSSIBLY have advantage over smokeless???
@billynomates920
@billynomates920 Рік тому
@@timothybeal799 imagine patching it 😄
@subliminalvibes
@subliminalvibes Рік тому
There's no way they used M&Ms as propellant... 🙄
@JinKee
@JinKee Рік тому
​@@timothybeal799 black powder firearms are legal for felons to own
@Pest789
@Pest789 Рік тому
@@subliminalvibes Nobody said they did
@paulbrooks4395
@paulbrooks4395 Рік тому
That guy’s life took quite a turn, going from scientist to international arms dealer.
@whatsuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
@whatsuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu Рік тому
Sucks what happened to him since he was basciley scamming the Iraqi government. Israeli government being idiot assholes as usual
@orionakd
@orionakd Рік тому
In fact, this is quite an interesting approach to villainy, in order to create a remarkable cannon, a scientist decided to become an arms dealer, only the reality is not cartoon colors, ending up in dark red.
@ExtremeSquared
@ExtremeSquared Рік тому
​@@orionakd I certainly don't consider Bull to be the villain of the situation. At worst he was more of a chaotic neutral -- no worse than the board of the average tech company or corporate lobbyist. At the end of the day, a scientist was murdered. We can agree the outcome was predictable, but excusing it is still not the right conclusion.
@ailediablo79
@ailediablo79 Рік тому
It might been ineffective but if it was nuclear then GG. It also if it nuclear or carry an E-Bomb or both, you wouldn't be able to pin point from where did it come from. It is too very effective against aircraft carriers and ships. It can be used to stop oile from existing the gulf or redsea or any big ship or attack the harbor. It also especially at the time, undefinedable so it can do alot of damage on military bases. It is cheep at hendering Israel and Iran airforce bases. Especially at the time when Uran didn't have under mountains bases. It can be used to assassinate gov officials. It can be used to terrorise the region. It can be used to intercept bombers at an important location. You coukd use cluster technology in combination to intercept air formation or better at destroying bombers. It is actually not that expensive to make with this conversation. Because the German version was looking at useing alot of weight and explosives. They didn't care much about range. But now it does not need to be havey and range is a game. Imagine many of those get made and beput at hidden locations all over the country including traines. Also they could every year keep making more of them. Especially after the make first 1 or 3 it would get even cheaper to make. You can add an automatic blet fead reload system to it. That would increase the frequency. U can have it on a big truk anywhere and mobile. You can make many fake trucks to hide it even more. For Iraq USA can only come from the sea and that location is small. This would be very annoying. Something like this in some numbers would give Iraq a strong ability of making the point of Harmoz gap unbreakable by sea and makes attacks by air on Iraq hard due to the distance to travel and fuke useage andcrange of the fighters. Not to mention the aircraft carriers needs to be even feature or in range of the cannons. A single cluster round even with indirect hit would rander an aircraft carrier useless to lunch jets until repairs are done. Iraq as they moved south , even if that point is broke throw it makes sea machines extremely vulnerable from arab cost a the gulf is not that thick/wide. Especially when you don't want to enter Iranian waters. So thin is infact with this gun and cluster weaponry even if u maje small vessels to use is still very dangerous. U need an underwater carriers. A submarin carrier of land equipment. Those solders would have very little air support. That yime before drons. The machine itself would vulnerable to air attacks by jets and maby helicopters or even standard altery units. The only support and defens is few rockets and ICMPs from outside the battlefield. If equipped with E-Bombs or flash bombs it would very effective against sitlights and cheep. For Israel don't forget that land is small. For Israel bases this can very deadly if the shot had a new or one of those biological chemical posioning weapon on bord that kills fast. Those chemical are very easy to make. Many terrorists already have access to. But hard to deploy. However, with such canon no problem. As it would be deployed without even targeting water supply it would be very hard to detect in time. Dooming the entire or most of the base inhabitants in a less than a day. Some of those chemicals know for not making pain but die unknowingly. It can be used with radiation posioning too. You can shot a shot not even targeting a military base in a random forst area. Then let the radiation posioning or biological weapon do the job. This is too the ultimate altery support and sabotage/skirmish. Imagine if Ukraine or Russia get 100+ of those units to be used on traines or big tracks. Even with 50% less range for 50% heavier shot it would be great. Especially for Ukraine. Having hundreds of those would be useful and very annoying for the enemy.
@boblikes
@boblikes Рік тому
​@@ailediablo79 it's ineffective because at a fraction of the cost the research and development you can use rockets to achieve the same goal on a mobile platform that is much harder to target and eliminate. The systems are ineffective because at best they sit on railroads and at worse they cannot be moved without great effort and disassembly. A standing target is a soon to be destroyed target for anyone seeking to eliminate the threat.
@chubbypanda1263
@chubbypanda1263 Рік тому
Real engineering: incredibly serious and educational channel which teaches the complex topic of mechanical and aerospace engineering to the masses in an easy to digest way. Also Real Engineering: “space gun go brrrrrrrt”
@Kenionatus
@Kenionatus Рік тому
More like "kaboooooom"
@deforged
@deforged Рік тому
Also Real Engineering: “sPiNlAuNcH" seriously. i almost spilled my coffee. what a joke.
@meta_username
@meta_username Рік тому
"Yeet a chicken" is still one of the best caught-off-guard laughs I've ever had
@firstletterofthealphabet7308
@firstletterofthealphabet7308 Рік тому
@@deforged I don’t have a great deal of respect for the concept, but at least I don’t believe one single perspective on the internet simply because the person spouting it sounds loud and angry.
@CinemaDemocratica
@CinemaDemocratica Рік тому
Also Real Engineering: "Here's a runway with an obvious heading of about 070 that we'll refer to as Runway 9."
@NothingXemnas
@NothingXemnas Рік тому
The fact it shares some resemblance to (and likely inspired) the Stonehenge from Ace Combat is REALLY interesting. Of course the fictional machine is much more powerful, but the fact we got THAT close to something so ridiculous is absurd and amazing!
@christianheichel
@christianheichel Рік тому
Not sure I'd say absurd. It'd probably be cheaper to get raw materials to space. (Probably wouldn't work for satellites too easily. The g forces would probably damage most machines.) Once the raw materials are in space you could have construction/production of items up there rather than building large items here and trying to get them to space. It'd make way for eventual mega projects like O'Neill cylinders, Moon bases, larger space stations, and so on.
@VeggieRice
@VeggieRice Рік тому
and not just that, it was designed and manufactured in the '60s!
@Alexander_Kale
@Alexander_Kale Рік тому
Cannons to orbit are a very old idea. Older even than rockets. Jules Verne wrote about shooting a spaceship to the moon with a giant cannon in the 19th century, and then there was the Paris gun in the second world war. So I wouldn't necessarily say that THIS inspired the stonehenge.
@smgdfcmfah
@smgdfcmfah Рік тому
@@Alexander_Kale True. Also H.G. Wells imagined the Martians making the trips to earth via space capsules launched by some sort of cannon, although Konstantin Tsiolkovsky suggested rocket powered space flight as early as 1898, so the timing between that and War of the Worlds is only a year (I think?)
@janedoeYT
@janedoeYT Рік тому
Thank god I wasn't the only one who first thought of Ace Combat lol
@rubenschutte5781
@rubenschutte5781 Рік тому
Finally... An invention that can shoot my problems to the heavens, literally.
@tommyboi0
@tommyboi0 Рік тому
Me next please
@techpriest4787
@techpriest4787 Рік тому
Yeah my father always used to say: Son, if you can not flush your problems down the toilet then shoot them into space.
@birdness
@birdness Рік тому
Jajajajaja you are sooooooooo funny
@elstevobevo
@elstevobevo Рік тому
Also prayer.
@babayaga5620
@babayaga5620 Рік тому
Doubt u would survive on the way
@SirJulianTaylor
@SirJulianTaylor Рік тому
As a McGill graduate, I find the names for the rockets, the Martlets, rather funny. Martlets are birds used in heraldry and are in fact the three red birds you see on the McGill crest.
@danieldonaldson8634
@danieldonaldson8634 Рік тому
that's where the name came from...
@draco1803
@draco1803 Рік тому
Operation plumbob’s manhole cover actually holds that record, as it was flung out of the atmosphere at 130,000 miles per hour, far too quick to have been caught by earths gravity, so it either burned up on its journey through the atmosphere, or left earths sphere of influence
@dtibor5903
@dtibor5903 Рік тому
Fun fact: piezo cristals can output extreme voltages like 30KV. Lighters use piezos to create electric arc
@ciCCapROSTi
@ciCCapROSTi Рік тому
What is a Kelvin Volt?
@rolfbjorn9937
@rolfbjorn9937 Рік тому
@@ciCCapROSTi kiloVolt A unit of 1000 volts
@smorrow
@smorrow Рік тому
@@ciCCapROSTi It would be "kelvin volt"(lowercase), if anything.
@skelligfiftyeight2519
@skelligfiftyeight2519 Рік тому
Piezoelectric crystals will produce an electric charge under pressure, they will also change there shape when an electric charge is applied to them. They are used in direct injection fuel injectors do to the high pressures present in the cylinder preventing the use of conventional injectors.
@rfvtgbzhn
@rfvtgbzhn Рік тому
@@skelligfiftyeight2519 They produce a voltage, not an electric current. The current then depends on the resistance. Though there is also an influence of the output impedance, that will make the voltage drop if the resistance is low enough.
@Boatti_
@Boatti_ Рік тому
The visuals of this video are phenomenal! Great work!
@Miftahul_786
@Miftahul_786 Рік тому
Bro hasn’t even watched the video yet
@lkenken8717
@lkenken8717 Рік тому
Only if the video wasn't filled with misinformation Like project Babylon being made to bomb Israel While it was actually a space program
@LuisSierra42
@LuisSierra42 Рік тому
i wasn't even sure if i was looking at CGI or real footage until they showed the cross section of the gun
@porfirioErodriguez
@porfirioErodriguez Рік тому
dude off the charts. who they let create it ? AI? lol this was so advanced. very well done. im a nerd now. :P
@hisfatness522
@hisfatness522 Рік тому
Thanks!
@lotuselanplus2s
@lotuselanplus2s Рік тому
Finally, someone did it good, i live in Barbados and have stood upon this very gun, now a rusting hulk, sadly but glad to see it being recognized. much Thanks.
@U.s-epa
@U.s-epa 4 місяці тому
You can actually go see it?
@sumbuddy4088
@sumbuddy4088 Місяць тому
⁠​⁠@@U.s-epa The main super gun is along the beach just east of Barbados’ international airport. While it is pretty close to a military base, people are still able to get to it. It’s visible on Google Maps and there are a few 360 images of the area.
@niniv2706
@niniv2706 Рік тому
Richard Bull ... was a friend of mine as his dad was making blueprints of super guns ... We were at the same Mont-Jésus Marie boarding school, same class and never were worried about war, terrorists, military superpowers and ideological fanaticism . It was 1969 and Armstrong was our hero . Les Cantons de l'Est étaient tout aussi paisible qu'aujourd'hui . My friend lost his dad .
@twotrackjack2260
@twotrackjack2260 Рік тому
Although this isn't the first I've heard of project HARP, you included a number of details I was unaware of. Great work on this!
@johndododoe1411
@johndododoe1411 Рік тому
​@repliesgptPiezo-electric pressure sensors have become extremely common. They even make wireless light switches powered entirely by the finger pressure levered onto a piezo crystal inside.
@the_undead
@the_undead Рік тому
The only problem in this video is that he claims that the gun uses black powder when in reality quite likely just uses a lot of the 110 lb standard-issue charge bags that the iowa-class battleships used
@ray095883
@ray095883 Рік тому
Harp and H A A R P
@here_for_the
@here_for_the 11 місяців тому
Only leaving out the single most important thing. The guy who did it all, Gerald Bull. By branding him as an Arms dealer. It was the CIA who politely FORCED HIM to sell artillery to Angola. They continued to berate Gerald Bull thru-out this video, & for that, they should be ashamed. Jerry Bull far exceeds the men & women who critique him in this video.
@here_for_the
@here_for_the 11 місяців тому
@@the_undead Gerald (Dr Bull) had his charges blended to his specifications, when he worked inside programs that didn't have the ability in house. Or to Chris's I may add, as he was a valuable contributing engineer to the programs they did together. This video portrayed Gerry in an un-factual manor. He was literally made a USA citizen, by act of Congress (only ever done once before Jerry was made a citizen) so the CIA could use him to design & build artillery weapons for the Governments they were trying to protect or overthrow. Thats why he left the USA. Because the CIA let him go to jail, (only for 6 months) when they promised him that even thou he was breaking USA laws, it was in the name of Democracy, & the CIA could & would protect him at all costs, & he would never be punished fir doing work that was directly approved by the Whitehouse & Pentagon. He was wrong to believe them, as they promised to fund his SUPERGUN , if he would do them a 'solid', & help them change wars in 3rd world nations, because they (CIA) were the good guys. The reason he didn't care that the Iraq Supergun was fixed, was because he wantto shoot satellites from it. Not weapons of war, like this video, & Governments claim. Now, the Iraqi leadership may have felt differently than Dr Bull. History is painting Jerry in a bad light. He does not deserve to be portrayed the way clandestine USA military operations, or this excellent channel, would like you to believe. They are sadly misinformed about Gerald 'Gerry' Bull is remember, by those who do not even know him.
@glueguzzler9548
@glueguzzler9548 Рік тому
Most likely, they would have used some high tech sort of smokeless powder. Black powder is one of the oldest forms of gunpowder, it was phased out in small arms in mid 1880s. It is extremely limited in it's ability to propel a projectile, as well as being very corrosive and requiring much more work to prevent against said corrosion. Smokeless powder gets rid of the intense corrosion, as well as being able to throw a projectile much, much further and faster than any sort of black powder could.
@bernard2735
@bernard2735 Рік тому
The V3 cannon used multiple timed charges along the length of the barrel to minimise the shock.
@CandC68
@CandC68 Рік тому
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-3_cannon
@marekchildress5428
@marekchildress5428 Рік тому
I heard a little bit about this on the podcast Behind the Bastards. They have a whole episode devoted to Gerald Bull, if you want to hear more about him. They don't get into the technical project stuff as much, but more of the behind the scenes madness of having two nations and multiple institutions fighting for their priorities to be pursued, all while one self-centered obsessive guided the project. The episode name is "The Man Who Built a Gun to Shoot Space"
@raylopez99
@raylopez99 Рік тому
For Mossad to off Gerald Bull means they must have believed the hype, and did not consider the weapon a white elephant failure. Too bad for Bull.
@danieldonaldson8634
@danieldonaldson8634 Рік тому
@@raylopez99 They probably didn't assassinate him for that reason. The Martlet 4 tech was adopted by another Canadian aerospace company. Supposedly this company supplied the Israelis with these (who then sold many on to the South Africans against the apartheid embargo). His mistake was to then seek buyers for the same technology on the other side of the fence, which Israel was not keen on.
@maxjoechl5663
@maxjoechl5663 Рік тому
@@raylopez99 Bull designed the GC-45, which served as the basis for a number of 1980's era artillery pieces from all over the world (including the GHN-45, which the Austrians sold to both sides during the Iran-Iraq war). That's not the kind of expertise you'd want to fall into the hands of one of your worst enemies. It's similar to how the Osirak reactor was a 'dead end' for the Iraqi nuclear programme in the sense that it couldn't be used to produce plutonium, but it would nonetheless have allowed the Iraqis to acquire more nuclear know-how than the Israelis could afford to let them have.
@davidbuckley2435
@davidbuckley2435 Рік тому
@@maxjoechl5663 there's also the fact that he was helping the Iraqis with their Scud programme. Since the redesigned Scuds had the range to hit Israel, it's unsurprising that Mossad (probably, though it's never been confirmed) considered it necessary to take Gerald Bull out.
@taylorh.3484
@taylorh.3484 Рік тому
The inspiration for the Stonehenge rail gun weapon from Ace Combat.
@Boatti_
@Boatti_ Рік тому
The visuals and story telling is unreal! Banger video😎😎
@GreenHatAnimation
@GreenHatAnimation Рік тому
@DontReadMyProfilePhoto_1 ok
@nickc6882
@nickc6882 Рік тому
The Novel “Fist of God” by Frederick Forsyth is about Project Babylon. It’s fictional in its detail but factual in relation to the gun, Gerald Bull and building a gun this big. Great episode, thank you.
@stephenweaver7631
@stephenweaver7631 Рік тому
I met a fellow (he had served in the 630th TD Battalion in WWII, my father's outfit) who was a contractor on the HARP project. I remember him talking about it at one of the reunions I attended for the 630th. I was just a kid, but it was fascinating to hear about.
@papagrounds
@papagrounds Рік тому
Immediately had to look from Google Maps that is the gun still there and it is! Amazing video! 😃👌
@hexateron
@hexateron Рік тому
^AI generated comment
@polka23dot70
@polka23dot70 Рік тому
HARP is ancient pre-history of high velocity guns. The Earth-To-Orbit Transportation Bibliography describes much more advanced gun called vortex gun. The vortex gun was also mentioned in Andrew J. Higgins paper published in 1997: "A Comparison of Distributed Injection Hypervelocity Accelerators"
@Ragondarknes
@Ragondarknes Рік тому
"From the Earth to the Moon: A Direct Route in 97 Hours, 20 Minutes (French: De la Terre à la Lune, trajet direct en 97 heures 20 minutes) is an 1865 novel by Jules Verne. It tells the story of the Baltimore Gun Club, a post-American Civil War society of weapons enthusiasts, and their attempts to build an enormous Columbiad space gun and launch three people-the Gun Club's president, his Philadelphian armor-making rival, and a French poet-in a projectile with the goal of a Moon landing." Once again, Jules Verne with some CRAZY foresight.
@Seth-Halo
@Seth-Halo Рік тому
I dunno if I'd call it foresight. Like, the main way to launch anything far away in his time was guns and cannons. If it had talk of the bullet having rockets to help get it to space then sure. Like if there was a story from medevial times about launching people to space on a giant catapult we wouldn't look at those spin launchers and say that the medevial author had amazing foresight.
@TheMrMEEEEE
@TheMrMEEEEE Рік тому
Incredible video. Thank you for all the effort and the depth of research
@bbbb98765
@bbbb98765 Рік тому
"I just wanna do my science. Even if Mossad doesn't like it. What could go wrong?"
@MattyEngland
@MattyEngland Рік тому
Both Saddam Hussein and Gaddafi were killed because they refused to let Israel run their central bank.
@dasstigma
@dasstigma Рік тому
13:02 Where I live, we have the "Tischbombe" (literal translation would be "table bomb") which has a fuse to light, then there is some sort of explosion and the cap pops off and a bunch of stuff (little plastic craptoys, confetti, such stuff) comes out (kinda like a clown orgasm). This was likely the most expensive Tischbombe ever set off.
@brianargo4595
@brianargo4595 Рік тому
Clown orgasm is not a combination of words I ever expected to hear or read. Thank you.
@dasstigma
@dasstigma Рік тому
@@brianargo4595 You're very welcome 🤡 Thank you for appreciating.
@johndododoe1411
@johndododoe1411 Рік тому
We have or had those too.
@MDKKnD
@MDKKnD Рік тому
The amount of CG and work you put into this is amazing. Yet few people would even notice it. Great work!
@bumcamp9108
@bumcamp9108 9 місяців тому
Yet he didn't research how to say piezo
@amanlikechris
@amanlikechris Рік тому
I live in Barbados and visit the ruins often. Those gun animations are really good!
@Freesorin837
@Freesorin837 Рік тому
Read a book about artillery through history. This was the last subject the book covered and I’ve always been fascinated by it. Surface to orbit capability without the need for a heavy and inefficient first stage, cheap and reusable. The potential for both launching satellites and intercontinental ballistic weaponry without needing to worry about high maintenance costs on the launch vehicle makes my mind wander.
@joelspaulding5964
@joelspaulding5964 Рік тому
The muzzle forces on sensitive satellite equipment...there is a reason or two why this isn't being done, even though it would be far less expensive than rockets.
@b.griffin317
@b.griffin317 Рік тому
Guns are cheaper on a per-shot basis but have higher initial development costs which is why you don't see them (plus the engineering and metallurgy to develop the gun barrel to launch a payload of X size is much more challenging than the equivalent rocket fuel-tank-rocket-body to the point of simple infeasibility beyond a relatively low point). Any system which relies on achieving their maximum velocity at the point of highest drag is not a very efficient launch system.
@khankrum1
@khankrum1 Рік тому
The probkem us inertia will flatten anything none solid even before it left the barrel.
@b.griffin317
@b.griffin317 Рік тому
@@khankrum1 Depends on how long the barrel is.
@khankrum1
@khankrum1 Рік тому
@@b.griffin317 have you ever fired a gun. Barrel length is irrelevent. The inial acceleration from zero from tge explosive charge would create enormous G force and woul crush you like a bug.
@JinKee
@JinKee Рік тому
9:04 imagine being the diver who had to grid search the atlantic ocean to find each sabot piece for analysis
@can_hauler
@can_hauler Рік тому
The sabot fall area wasn't actually all that large (according to the graphic). It would be a long job, but much better than being told to recover live torpedoes from the base of a cliff after they had been fired out of a sub to figure out why they tended to poke enemy ships instead of detonate. I don't think anyone ever tried to use "to expensive to test" as a reason to not test stuff after that.
@kevincronk7981
@kevincronk7981 Рік тому
1:00 we aren't certain, but it's possible that the very first man made object to ever enter space was a manhole cover that was on top of a hole in the ground for a nuclear test by the US, in which was utterly underestimated the power of the nuke and sent the manhole cover flying, potentially into space, so this gun may have been the second highest projectile ever launched depending how high that manhole cover went
@ArcticArmy
@ArcticArmy Рік тому
I think that record was for the fastest projectile, I don't think its known how high or far it went.
@archvilethe87th60
@archvilethe87th60 Рік тому
V2 was the first manmade object in space.
@robertboudreauxxx
@robertboudreauxxx Рік тому
I worked for the department of energy at a remote test sites, I worked on the free electron laser FEL it was one of the star wars lasers during the Reagan era. I used to drive past the two-stage gas gun everyday for 3 years
@Ben-Ken
@Ben-Ken Рік тому
Bul was a real life mad scientist straight from the movies with a life and death to match.
@edgarwalk5637
@edgarwalk5637 Рік тому
Green Launch is the closest design today of the space cannon concept. Their proposal is a semi submerged compressed hydrogen cannon, similar to project SHARP. No wonder, the company was founded by the the man who lead the SHARP project in te 90's. While you cannot launch anything fragile, like people with a space cannon, you can sure launch alot; like fuel, supplies, and hardened electronics.
@AndrewFremantle
@AndrewFremantle Рік тому
I've never heard of Project Harp before, but as soon as you mentioned the timeframe and an expert in the field who would run into trouble later, I guessed that was Bull.
@OtherWorldExplorers
@OtherWorldExplorers Рік тому
I absolutely love the animation that you put together. That's some serious unreal engine going on there.
@ambergris5705
@ambergris5705 Рік тому
You could say that SpinLaunch is... a spinoff of HARP I'll see myself out, barrelling through the window
@mikebauer6917
@mikebauer6917 Рік тому
Visited the caves for that gun in the early 1990s. Huge compared to US 16” naval guns for example.
@the_undead
@the_undead Рік тому
All it is is two of the guns for the iowa-class battleships just welded together
@mikebauer6917
@mikebauer6917 Рік тому
@@the_undead well, yes and no, the base and other parts in Barbados were huge. I had been in the US navy a few years before my visit and was quite familiar with big equipment (i was even fortunate enough to have been in Norfolk when the USS Wisconsin was still active), but this was still impressive.
@the_undead
@the_undead Рік тому
@@mikebauer6917 to be fair I was oversimplifying a little more than maybe I should have, but at the same time I've had discussions with people who try to make it sound like this gun is the most complicated thing ever made by a human even today when fundamentally the only thing wrong with my original statement is it's a little too simplified. But if you just wanted this thing the fire straight over the water you could get away with just doing what I said in my statement although you probably only got a couple shots out of the gun
@duncanmcallister7932
@duncanmcallister7932 Рік тому
Great video as always!! The visuals are top notch!!
@umjackd
@umjackd Рік тому
The channel Kurzgesagt has illustrated railgun style satellite delivery systems. I wonder if you'd like to explore this sometime. That, and these gun-launched rocket systems definitely remind me of the HIMARS systems being used in Ukraine, which might be interesting for you to go into someday too.
@b.griffin317
@b.griffin317 Рік тому
A section of the 1-meter-bore Babylon Gun can be seen today at Imperial War Museum Duxford.
@ABrit-bt6ce
@ABrit-bt6ce Рік тому
The rest of that "pipeline" is kicking about somewhere, I'm sure.
@luigeribeiro
@luigeribeiro Рік тому
Project Orion is another interesting subject, you should consider making a video about it.
@sferrin2
@sferrin2 Рік тому
And Project Pluto, NERVA, etc.
@saukhaven
@saukhaven Рік тому
I enjoyed this. You do a great job of describing what is essentially rocket science. Thank you!
@johnlovett8341
@johnlovett8341 Рік тому
I think you said "Black powder". If so ... that's really, really surprising. The naval smokeless types used at the time can be tuned to get to get the right burn rate and don't foul like black powder. Might check the powder. Love the rest!!
@Amenti_H
@Amenti_H Рік тому
@repliesgpt Bullshit. HARP gun used standard modern artillery propellants, around half a ton of it. Huge bags of propellant had small pouches with black powder at rear end to facilitate ignition. Search for the paper “Multiple point ignition in HARP guns”.
@the_undead
@the_undead Рік тому
From what I can tell this thing just used a lot of the standard-issue charge bags for the Iowa class. Which technically do have a little bit of black powder in them acting as a primer
@bringer-of-change
@bringer-of-change Рік тому
That's pretty cool, especially for the time it was made, but the navys railgun can do pretty much the same thing. I think it would make more sense to use a railgun for such a task. Its not good that space is being weaponized, but since its happening, I would use railguns and direct energy weapons to deal with it.
@TheFriendlyGamer289
@TheFriendlyGamer289 Рік тому
Awesome video! keep up the good work guys!
@billkramme5443
@billkramme5443 Рік тому
Glad to hear Antidote X by Van Sandano in the music bed (starting at 4:04). A great track that I first heard in CGP Grey videos.
@rodchallis8031
@rodchallis8031 Рік тому
I remember an investigative report (either CBC or CTV) on Bull, sometime in the early 90's, after he was murdered. The whole story about HARP, gun running and working for Iraq seemed like and Ian Fleming plot line.
@calvincheney7405
@calvincheney7405 Рік тому
Exceptional research, well done!
@phillipswann6432
@phillipswann6432 Рік тому
I'm not sure, but I don't think they used black powder as the main charge. it might have been used as the detonator for the main charge.
@davidvik1451
@davidvik1451 Рік тому
Yes very unlikey
@michaelr7899
@michaelr7899 Рік тому
🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯 🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯
@AKG58Z
@AKG58Z Рік тому
I loved the way it looks in your animations nice white and somewhat complicated gun, project started as what and now it's something else entirely but the goal is still the same.
@JH_Tech49
@JH_Tech49 Рік тому
This project was the source of a (mildly) famous UFO case in Fort-de-France. Unfortunately, the witness died shortly before it was found out that what he had seen was some Martlet shot.
@ericlotze7724
@ericlotze7724 Рік тому
It was mentioned as a bit of a reference at 17:30, but a Part 2 with coverage of “Quick Launch”, and maybe even details Electromagnetic Launch designs (although that may deserve ANOTHER video) would be neat! Granted probably plenty on your plate as is.
@MisterNohbdy
@MisterNohbdy Рік тому
he already did a video on SpinLaunch, which is what he was referencing: ukposts.info/have/v-deo/saKUamlppp-duKM.html
@ericlotze7724
@ericlotze7724 Рік тому
@@MisterNohbdy True yeah, dumb of me to miss it oof, the quicklaunch / electromagnetic stuff still stands. I’ll edit out the Spinlaunch bit.
@Choscura
@Choscura Рік тому
FANTASTIC episode! Keep this up!
@philb1595
@philb1595 Рік тому
I saw that HARP space Cannon in Barbados in 2019 , no security watching it, just rusting there in place just below the airport. we loved the experience
@i3looi2
@i3looi2 Рік тому
The proper way to do it would involve a huge railgun ramp on top of a hill/mountain , probably 1-2km long.. to allow proggresive acceleration.
@theairstig9164
@theairstig9164 Рік тому
Launching a 25Kg projectile in to space 450km from the surface and having it appear there briefly before falling f back down would take 110 MJ in a vacuum. It’s more like 250 MJ when losses are taken into account. That is 30 to 70 KWH in the space of a few seconds. How does this energy get stored and expended without using gunpowder? You railgun would need to be at least 8km long. Possibly a lot more than this depending on efficiencies and location on the earth
@foxhound24
@foxhound24 Рік тому
Real engineering quote of the century “ space gun go BRRRRRRRRRRRR”
@gianmarcoguarnier2525
@gianmarcoguarnier2525 Рік тому
Just a random thought, was magnetic accelerators ever tested? Like particle accelerators but for satellites? Love the video btw, awesome story of the technology and the person behind it
@themysticalcolby
@themysticalcolby Рік тому
The US military has a rail gun project that last I heard, launched a projectile a distance of 100 miles.
@roxasparks
@roxasparks 10 місяців тому
​@@themysticalcolbythey disconiued the project years ago. It may be a black book project still but officially its no longer under development
@williamsnow2763
@williamsnow2763 9 місяців тому
EM accelerators came in two types. Railguns used the magnetic pressure similar to a propellant gun. Coilguns were coaxial and could come in three types Pushing, Pulling, and Traveling Wave. The traveling wave type was initially the type proposed by Gerard O'Neill for mining the moon for space colonies based on Henry Kolm's work for magnetically levitated trains. I worked with Henry building demonstration devices called Mass Driver 1 at MIT and headed the effort for Mass Driver 2 at Princeton with O'Neill. I worked later on with Kolm to propose building a Superconducting Quenchgun which would work by charging the barrel with the launch energy and would pull and accelerate the projectile forward. This eliminated the switching issue which plagued all coilguns. This was proposed for launching payloads off the moon for propellant delivery back in the early 90's. Research has been dormant since then. One of the last papers was NASA SP-509 and by the Large Scale Programs Institute.
@RobinSmith20
@RobinSmith20 Місяць тому
Gerald Bull wasn’t a small arm’s dealer in that he didn’t sell firearms, but he instead helped South Africa develop the G5 155mm howitzer from the GC-45 (Gun, Canada, 45 calibre) that he designed. Iraq had a number of these cannons which rightly worried the Coalition forces during the 1’st Gulf War as it out-ranged anything they had at the time. South Africa then developed the G6 SPG and a range of Velocity Enhanced Long Range Artillery Projectiles (VLAP) that give the G5 a range of 50km’s. According to one documentary, Gerald Bull was not the most cautious of individuals and would often talk about his work to anyone, especially after a few drinks, so the Iraqis decided to shut him up for good.
@andrewtaylor940
@andrewtaylor940 Рік тому
There were several guns. The ones left in Barbados were the smaller ones. I believe derived from older US Battleship 16” 45 caliber guns. The main large gun was made using one of the 16” 50 caliber gun barrels from the USS New Jersey, and grafting a 16” 45 cal barrel from one of the other fast Battleships, likely Washington or South Dakota, onto it to increase it out to an 80 caliber or so cannon. And before anyone asks, How did New Jerseys guns end up used here when she still has them? There were 2 other never completed Iowa class Battleships. The USS Kentucky and the USS Illinois. Illinois was only about 25% complete in the slipway when the war ended. So she was scrapped. Kentucky was complete up to the main deck. So she was floated out and stored for 20 years or so. Following New Jerseys deployment to Korea her gun barrels needed to be replaced. She had fired the most rounds of the Iowa’s. While the Illinois was never completed, they had finished her guns. So those were swapped onto New Jersey, and New Jerseys original barrels were repaired and relined and put into storage. The guns mounted on New Jersey today are the ones made for the Illinois. One of New Jerseys original guns is mounted in an old shore battery in a State Park that overlooks the Battleship. Today the big white Harp Cannon sits at the US Army’s Yuma Proving grounds. Up until Covid it was on public display. I’m not sure of the status of the museum these days.
@vimvigour3327
@vimvigour3327 Рік тому
We need a full video about the piston compressed hydrogen launch system.
@NotYourArmy666
@NotYourArmy666 Рік тому
This thing is better than spinlaunch in every way!
@metatechhd
@metatechhd 11 місяців тому
Thanks for clarifying that! It's always important to ensure that the information we share is accurate. It's interesting to learn that surplus naval propellant was used instead of black powder. I appreciate you sharing your knowledge and helping to clarify the information presented in the video. 🤔👍📖
@thepeff
@thepeff Рік тому
I find it interesting how polyethylene was the material used for the expansion rings. For munitions the choice is usually pure copper so it will deform and engage with the rifling in the barrel.
@viktorstojanovic9007
@viktorstojanovic9007 Рік тому
I think this barrel didn't have rifling
@gryph01
@gryph01 Рік тому
I read about Project HARP. It was a neat experiment.
@162manoj
@162manoj Рік тому
you mean a sound experiment?
@gryph01
@gryph01 Рік тому
@@162manoj The punnery is strong with you. 😁
@heidirabenau511
@heidirabenau511 Рік тому
I love that you put Space Gun go Brrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr on the thumbnail!
@onetrickhorse
@onetrickhorse Рік тому
Great video, as usual, thank you! But.... (there's always a but)... the space gun may not actually hold the record for the highest altitude projectile ever launched (certainly by humanity anyway). Let me elaborate... In 1956/1957, the USA did a series of nuclear weapons tests, 'Operation Plumbbob' at the Nevada Test Site, where one such test, Pascal-B, may have been responsible for the fastest projectile in recorded history. Two tests were both conducted underground in boreholes 500 ft deep, where the weapons were lowered into the boreholes, then covered with concrete. During Pascal-A, the test immediately vaporised the concrete and blasted a jet of plasma skywards, resulting in a poor test objective result. Pascal-B was conducted in a similar fashion, with the same concrete plug and depth, but this time with a steel 'manhole' cover weighing 2000 lbs welded over the borehole. When the test was conducted, the steel cover was immediately blasted upward at a speed of roughly 150,000 mph (66 km/s), which was only estimated by looking at high speed camera footage of the event which managed to catch the cover mid-launch in only one single frame post-detonation. Subsequently, speculation among scientists at the time concluded that the sheer velocity of the cover would have vaporised it promptly as it rose, while others believe at least some of it would have made it past the earth's atmosphere. Because the cover was travelling vastly greater than earth gravitational escape velocity, if any of it did survive the launch, it is likely hurtling through the solar system somewhere very far away. No one knows for sure of course, as only one frame managed to capture it during ascent. But if it did survive at all, then it is by far, not only the fastest man made object, but also the fastest projectile.
@slowerpicker
@slowerpicker Рік тому
Those engineers had the best jobs, making big stuff go bang and watching what happens. The story of the McGill scientists chasing down their spent rounds on the frozen lake made me chuckle.
@T7_H3rbz
@T7_H3rbz Рік тому
Gerald Bull is not the man we asked for, but the man we deserved
@Pyotyrpyotyrpyotyr
@Pyotyrpyotyrpyotyr Рік тому
@Real engineering are you sure it's black powder and not cordite? The footage doesn't have that much smoke. And I doubt black powder could achieve those pressures. Also because they used16 inch barrels I'm pretty sure they just recycled Battleship barrels which use cordite as their propellant. They even use the same type of propellant bags as you showed in the footage.
@theotherohlourdespadua1131
@theotherohlourdespadua1131 Рік тому
The US Navy doesn't use cordite as that is a Royal Navy specialty. Most WW2 surplus charges are instead of black powder nitrocellulose based explosives...
@Pyotyrpyotyrpyotyr
@Pyotyrpyotyrpyotyr Рік тому
Yes I watched Battleship New Jersey video and a 4mins he mentions nitrocellulos. But nitrocellulose is definitely NOT black powder. So I still think this is a mistake. Here's a link to the battleship New Jersey video ukposts.info/have/v-deo/pXZynoabon-fxac.html
@brothergrimaldus3836
@brothergrimaldus3836 Рік тому
Cordite is a British smokeless powder in squiggly strips. Smokeless powder in US battleship guns are cylinders about 3in. They are not made of cordite but nitro-cellulose.
@Pyotyrpyotyrpyotyr
@Pyotyrpyotyrpyotyr Рік тому
​@@PADOYLE sweet! Good to know. He could have just called it "powder" instead of calling it "black powder".
@Electric999999
@Electric999999 Рік тому
I thought that altitude record was held by that one manhole cover that was launcher by underground nuclear weapon test.
@thecrazyfarmboy
@thecrazyfarmboy Рік тому
That was calculated to have achieved escape velocity, however being such an un-aerodynamic shape, it most likely burned up in the atmosphere while still travelling upwards. They never did measure its actual height reached, only it's initial velocity after detonation
@thecrazyfarmboy
@thecrazyfarmboy Рік тому
I don't know if their escape velocity calculation factored in the amount of drag it had, but I wouldn't even be surprised if the manhole cover slowed down before fully disintegrating and just fell back to earth somewhere. It would have been experiencing huge amounts of Gs slowing it down the entire time it flew
@magister61
@magister61 Рік тому
I remember have watched in TV years ago a movie despicting the fantastic life of Mr. Gerard Bull and his crazy cannon ideas
@Chris-ok4zo
@Chris-ok4zo Рік тому
I can only imagine the noise this beast makes. I'd think we were going to war with the moon.
@shawn8093
@shawn8093 Рік тому
The noise was the least of our problems (I am a Barbadian). Each shot of the gun would shake houses, and sometimes crack foundations.
@Chris-ok4zo
@Chris-ok4zo Рік тому
@@shawn8093 That just makes the fact it exists and was tested even better.
@upperhandcustoms11
@upperhandcustoms11 Рік тому
Big guns!!!
@seanprice7645
@seanprice7645 Рік тому
I'm family friends with Sannu Molder (good friends with his son). He is the man who designed the scram jet powered martlet-II projectile that HARP shot, one of the early pioneers of the technology. Very brilliant man, he was actually neighbors with Gerald Bull. His son told me some WILD stories about Gerald lol. He is currently working with greenlaunch.
@George-jg9sy
@George-jg9sy Рік тому
Correction, you wanted to say smokeless powder not black powder in all your video. The propellants used were the WM/M and M8M on the project.
@likilike501
@likilike501 Рік тому
Just imagine how much stronger/efficient they could make this gun just by creating low pressure in the barrel. In the best case some level of vacuum but that could become really costly at that age pretty quickly. SmarterEveryDay has amazing videos on his supersonic baseball air cannon. That cannon can achieve around Mach 1.6 with just compressed air and vacuum. So in short they could make it in to Vacuum cannon.
@bocahdongo7769
@bocahdongo7769 Рік тому
Nah, it's dumb idea to use vacuum as a booster since vacuum is only had 100 kpa pressure gradient. With insanely complex mechanism Instead, we can use light hydrogen gas in between propellant and projectile, and then pressurize up to 350 kpa pressure gradient before firing. Which had 3.5 times more initial pressure gradient and energy than vacuum with less complex mechanism due to both end already sealed. That way it's much more elegant and genius- -OH WAIT THEY ALREADY DID IT WITH LIGHT GAS GUN! So here we go, seemingly ancient technology still wins
@Dr.Kay_R
@Dr.Kay_R Рік тому
*"Everyone knew that Space artillery was completely useless in the era of Guided Missiles."* Israel & US:- _"I know but still no"_
@Dr.Kay_R
@Dr.Kay_R Рік тому
I know that guided missiles cost money whereas artillery can be used en masse to cause havoc.
@quintusfabiusmaximus8700
@quintusfabiusmaximus8700 Рік тому
my only wish is Magnetic accelerator cannon or MAC for short.
@tigadirt
@tigadirt 7 місяців тому
Something I'm curious about is could can we actually take advantage of the difference in temperature far below ground to use as energy as was claimed in the science fiction novel Foundation. Could we perhaps use that to than build rocket ships near the tops of mountains, than when launching them, roll them down o rails with a jump at the end to give them momentum and overcome a lot of the initial Inertia resistance?
@Exentity
@Exentity Рік тому
Could you look into the Lucy spacecraft by chance? I feel like it doesn’t get enough attention on UKposts.
@viltsuville1
@viltsuville1 Рік тому
I'm sure they're working on that already, they love Lockheed Martin technology😉
@joephus420
@joephus420 Рік тому
Centrifugal launches are definitely carrying the space projectile torch these days! Go SpinLaunch!
@TheWebstaff
@TheWebstaff Рік тому
Let's revisit this comment in 10 years.. Spinlaunch Vs gun. Gun everytime.
@rolflandale2565
@rolflandale2565 Рік тому
Back then. Magnetic rail launchers, wasn't implemented. Also today, A combo like a *Spin-launncher* with mag rail continued acceleration, plus using a *turbine •loop* ( channel shift air flow between cycle) vs vacuum, and shell as hypersonic ram-scamjet-rocket purpulstion.
@theknifedude1881
@theknifedude1881 Рік тому
Probably a nice place to spend some time while you are researching your project. I’m really surprised black powder was the chosen propellant. I would think some more modern propellant would have been used,but I guess I would have been wrong.
@suspectsn0thing
@suspectsn0thing Рік тому
As far as I can tell, it was probably a smokeless propellant and the narrator misspoke, since the two are sometimes used interchangeably in colloquial speech. You can tell this is the case, because if there's ever an opportunity to be pedantic about firearms terminology, the comments will be FLOODED with people eager to show how much they know about how guns _really_ work, which appears to have happened here.
@bretdaley6869
@bretdaley6869 Рік тому
I'm so rooting for spin launch, the engineering behind the project is amazing
@AlteraLin
@AlteraLin Рік тому
Its dead on arrival. The whole idea is idiotic.
@ThCp__
@ThCp__ Рік тому
We really need to talk about that thumbnail.
@sabersz
@sabersz Рік тому
Space gun go brrrrrrrr, it's self explanatory
@civesify
@civesify Рік тому
"Today, SpinLaunch is attempting to pick up where Project HARP left off." A company called Green Launch is *actually* picking up where HARP left off, since it uses the gun concept. It is spearheaded by Dr. John Hunter, who personally led Project SHARP. I'm very surprised you didn't end the video by mentioning any of this, or exploring the work that Green Launch is doing today. Apart from that the video was great.
@l.a.xgunner
@l.a.xgunner Рік тому
I lived in Barbados for several years and I did not know that! I have to go back and visit this now...
@homiedaclown4381
@homiedaclown4381 Рік тому
It would have been cool, if a bit gratuitous, to have the HARP cannon fire a projectile horizontally at a ship just to see what happens
@higgsbonbon
@higgsbonbon Рік тому
Okay but do you have delivery chests at the destination? And are they properly wired?
@sampfrost
@sampfrost Рік тому
galacticraft?
@cf453
@cf453 Рік тому
A modded Factorio joke, and I’m here for it.
@here_for_the
@here_for_the 11 місяців тому
Cutting Gerald Bull name out of this documentary title, is just Pure Herissy . Otherwise, thankyou for honoring Dr. Bull on just 1 of his fantastic achievements. 👏 Jerry was truly a genius gun maker & Aero-dynamicist.
@ELF_Productions
@ELF_Productions 7 місяців тому
i live in barbados and some of my family worked on the project. it was a super cool gun
@ollietizzard5180
@ollietizzard5180 Рік тому
As something of an Urbexer, I had a chance to visit the remains of this gun in Barbados on my honeymoon, but figured wifey wouldn't appreciate me dragging her around it. To this day it is one of the biggest regrets of my marriage....
@Dr.Kay_R
@Dr.Kay_R Рік тому
*"Why was Barbaros chosen?"* My brain:- _"Perhaps because of the large ocean ahead of it and Equatorial spin assistance?"_ Me after he gave the same reason:-👁️👄👁️
@pharmdiddy5120
@pharmdiddy5120 Рік тому
Can we just stop and appreciate how cool the concept of "space cannon" is? Like really, what could be cooler than a space cannon?
@FinaISpartan
@FinaISpartan Рік тому
Really interesting piece of engineering. Many people are familiar with the WW2 Paris gun, however, this feat of engineering is more impressive yet less known.
@jellevandervelde704
@jellevandervelde704 Рік тому
Paris gun was ww1
@deltaecho1776
@deltaecho1776 Рік тому
The gun, in fact, did not reach space. It never left the ground. The projectile technically reached space. Also, no brrrrr. Just a singular boom. All the disappointments!
@mycroft1905
@mycroft1905 Рік тому
"Loaded with over half a metric ton of black powder?" No no no. Modern propellant is not black powder.
@michaelwallace9291
@michaelwallace9291 Рік тому
I never heard of this project. Thank you
@MeteorMark
@MeteorMark Рік тому
Been there last year November! Very impressive piece of rust! Easy to get to, and certainly not the only reason to visit Beautiful Barbados 🇧🇧⛱️ Sadly the Concord Experience is closed...
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