Sublime lecture by the wonderful Dr. Snyder. Mutatis mutandis the destruction of the state, suspending the rule of law, and the moral and legal vacuum this creates creat tremendous opportunity for SS mischief equally. With local difference this also applies to the smaller occupied countries in Western Europe like DK, NL and B. Most Jews in DK and B survived but most from the NL were murdered.

This is what historians can do for humanity

US created the world's first and only human zoo in NY, in the late 19th century. It went all over the world collecting human "samples" esp from Africa and Asia, but mainly from Africa. As you can see they were all coloured people. In the "zoo" they were subjected to verbal and physical harassment and torture. The white population were enthralled and thousands flocked daily to watch the debacle of blacks and browns being subjected to harassment and abuse. Darwins's theory of evolution was used as the justification for this expression of white supremacy. There were books written to praise Darwin for his theories and the existence of these zoos, and these books were read by Hitler, who was so impressed, it became the provocation for his policy of dealing with the Jews. Only a handful of Americans saw the tragedy that was unfolding. They were mainly blacks and christians. Their constant and brave objections in the face of white supremist violence, was a great credit to them. Finally their objections and protests found support and the zoos soon disappeared. But the mindset has not. For the past 70 years, US has killed 25 million innocent people in illegal wars, created millions of refugees and spent huge sums of money to sabotage and usurp democratic governments all over the world. There is more. But this will suffice for the moment. Democractic ideals and traditions in America? Utter BS.

yes. it's a shame that so many that work in gov't in the US think that the law of the land, the US Constitution, does not apply to them.

Please consider looking at how the Armenian Holocaust was a blueprint for the Jewish Holocaust 23 years later.

When it starts making sense, you have been indoctrinated.

Chomsky?

@@simonwatson9730 , okay, Chomsky absolutely.

Kotkin is way more unbiased and accurate

@@DrWhirlyGirl , Kotkin is great, no doubt.

Or who has the best disease-resistant seeds (thanks Monsanto?)

I think the remark about Polish police stopping pogroms was taken a bit too literally. I think he meant that when there was a Polish state law and order there was much less incentive to execute a pogrom. After the Polish state crumbled ordinary poles knew that if you didn't take loot from jews' old homes, someone else will.

There have been pogroms for thousands of years. But there was a famous one in the polish area around 1918 en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_pogrom_(1918)

@@AaronHeld several hundred for sure, except for a couple of riots in the first century. Historically it was more of a Nineteenth and Twentieth century phenomenon.

Miklosh Horti guarded Jews in Hungary until 1944, when the Germans occupied Hungary. Hitler kidnapped Horti's son and put him in Auschwitz. Despite this, Horti did not deliver the Jews to Hitler

Marco, are you saying that officially the Dutch Government itself did nothing to protect their Jewish citizens? Many Dutch people bravely protected Jews, sheltering them in their homes and forming networks of escape routes. I have been told by a Dutch friend that during WW1, The Netherlands, like Switzerland, remained neutral and so avoided involvement in WW1, They planned to do the same again if war in Europe was threatening. So, unlike Switzerland, their defence force was weak and was unprepared for the German invasion and hence suffered a terrible occupation. Hitler was one of those who follow no rules at all when at war. The trouble with evil is that it is so, SO evil, naive good folks just can't even believe it or take in that evil thing when it is happening right before their eyes. The audacity of evil surpassess all boundaries, and can surprise us all. This is why it must be stopped immediately, and not tolerared. The challenge is having the discernment to recognise its evil nature when it begins, parading as an angel touting 'noble' ideals. "Be innocent as doves, but cunning as serpents" said Jesus Christ. In other words, practise no evil, but at the same time be skilled at recognising and resisting it.

Marco Ribeiro, See my comment below. ( I don't know how to tag posts with names, sorry.) Also, it would be informative to look at the time-frame...was Netherlands one of the first countries to be invaded? They may not have been prepared, whereas Hungary in 1944 had seen the example of what the Nazis were doing and so could take action to protect the Jews. Was that the year of the 'hunger winter' in Netherlands?

@@elsacooper1769 My argument has to do with Snyder's thesis. According to Snyder's thesis, the presence of a strong state in the Netherlands should have provided protection for the Dutch Jews. But it did not. It represents a "black swan" for Snyder's thesis (it only takes one black swan to prove all swans are not white). Yes, lots of people in the Netherlands provided shelter for Jews and resisted the Nazis, and there were the widespread protests against anti-Semitic Nazi policies, which I mentioned. The protests were suppressed.and the policies continued. Those facts are important, of course, but aren't germane to the issue that I'm raising.

@@elsacooper1769 Surviving Jewish of the Holocaust do not want to hear anything about their rabbis. About the cursed rabbis and their insulting writing and slurs about Jesus Christ.

It's only been up for a month, and academic lectures are not the thing that draws the most views, with Taylor Swift, Kim Kardashian and all... :)

537 when I watched it (4/23). It's short clips that get the most views & upvotes.

@ Walter Bazella . It may have been deactivated. I have been attempting now, to no avail. I have seen this occur in other contexts - purposefully or not...

Never underestimate the brain of the hoi-polloi.

Nonsense and a nonsense lectute. Hitler never expressed any desire for world power

There are thousends of people who helped Jews, many of them risked their lives. Should Snider mention them all?

Because he didn't have time to mention everybody/everything.

Ma'am, did she say why she was convinced that this was a good thing?

@@catherineskis The same reason you believe the things you believe.

We’re trying, but conservative hysteria. They don’t get they’re playing the part of the Nazis in this instance. Facts feel a lot like attacks when you’re wrong.

@@christopherviscuso1882 What comes before Truth is anger.

Seriously?

@@christopherviscuso1882 Name one fact he stated.

@@picometer472 Here is one fact that Professor Snyder stated: The Germans were most effective in their goal to murder all the Jews of Europe when the state had collapsed, as in Poland, and in the parts of German-occupied Soviet Union.

When the Nazis came to power, the Hungarians built an alliance with Nazi Germany. Following Germany’s occupation of Austria and then Czechoslovakia, Hungary regained territorial gains which they had lost after the First World War. This combined with a rise in sympathy for fascism and Nazi ideas in Hungary, encouraged the country to join the Axis Alliance in November 1940. In line with the Nazis policies towards Jews, in 1941 the Hungarian government deported approximately 20,000 non-Hungarian Jews to Ukraine, where they were murdered by the Einsatzgruppen . However, until 1944, the Hungarian government refused to deport Hungarian Jews, despite the range of brutal antisemitic laws they enacted. When it became clear that the Nazis would not emerge from the war victorious, the Hungarian government attempted to pull out of the alliance with Germany, and sought an armistice with the Allies. In response, in March 1944, Germany invaded and occupied Hungary. The Nazis set up a new government loyal to Germany. Occupation Miklós Horthy did not resign under the German occupation of Hungary, but instead helped to appoint a new government who were more submissive to the Nazis demands. Adolf Eichmann was deployed to Hungary on the 19 March 1944 to carry out the extermination of its Jewish population. Eichmann aimed to deport more than 800,000 people to the camps in the east. Despite the likelihood of defeat in the war by this stage, genocide was still a priority for the Nazis. Arriving with just a few German staff, Eichmann was reliant on the collaboration of the Hungarian authorities to achieve this aim. The Hungarian authorities cooperated enthusiastically with Eichmann’s plans. In little over two months, over 200 camps and ghettos were created and filled with the Jewish population. 437,402 Hungarian Jews were deported in 56 days between May and July 1944, primarily to Auschwitz, where almost all of them were murdered. Although the Hungarian authorities did not actively deport Hungarian Jews until the occupation of Hungary in 1944, harsh antisemitic policies were in place. Between 1920 and 1944, over 300 antisemitic laws were passed. From 1938, the persecution of Jews increased as Hungary strengthened its ties with Nazi Germany. The law known as the First Jewish Law was passed on 29 May 1938. This law limited the number of Jews in many professions and companies to a maximum of 20%. In 1939, a law forced all Jewish men of military age to join the Hungarian Labour Service . On 5 May 1939, the Second Jewish Law passed. This law defined Jews as a race rather than a religion: any person with two or more grandparents was regarded as a Jew. The law also banned Jews from working for the government and further restricted their employment in other areas. On 8 August 1941, the Hungarian government passed the Third Jewish Law. This law prohibited marriages between Jews and non-Jews. Following the Nazi occupation in 1944, the persecution of the Jews turned actively murderous. Almost immediately, Jews had to wear a Star of David on their clothes and their movement was restricted. Telephones and radios were confiscated, and Jewish property and businesses were seized. During April, the Jews of Hungary were forced into ghettos, where they were soon deported to extermination camps in the east. Hungary was liberated by the Soviet army during April 1945. By this time, approximately 568,000 Hungarian Jews had perished during the Holocaust.

Here here

@@RT-tn3pu It's hear hear

At the same time much of this "folderol" (eugenics, neo-Malthusianism, social Darwinism, phrenology, etc.) was considered intellectually respectable at the time.

And your concentration on his "cup behavior" is even stranger!!

I also can't stop seeing the cup, does he ever actually have a drink?

Well, the caterer was caught in traffic, there were no bagels…so…my guess is it ‘fitted in’ quite significantly. 😉

Oh, I was wondering about that

How do? Not disputing. Just would like further elaboration

@@mikequinlivan8842 If you want elaboration, look for disregard for the rule of law; look for a demonizing/dehumanization of ethnic, political, or religious groups; look for economic policies that tend toward subjugation rather than the elevation of living standards; look for hate speech propagated in the form of blaming; look for the things Mr Snyder outlined so articulately in this lecture.

@@mikequinlivan8842 Jan 6 kids in solitary... XBI raiding American homes in the night. Whites shot and killed and no one cares.

​@@gaminawulfsdottir3253 well well Well stated!

​@@gaminawulfsdottir3253 true

The Nuremberg trials were ex post facto in general, but the parties in charge agreed that the crimes had been so horrific that legal-philosophical considerations like that should be ignored.

From the way you formulate questions it looks like you have an agenda, have a poisoned mind and full of hate. Get help

Time to lay off the Kool-Aid.

Nope. It’s s valid question.

@@lowell418 it’s a valid question. I think for Dr. Snyder to answer, it would need to be broader. As a dumb midwesterner who is not Jewish, I think that Netanyahu is playing with fire by engaging with Meir Kahane adherents. From a broader political aspect, I am not qualified to say. 🤷‍♂️

Spreading Jew hate on comments a lecture on Jew hate. Also used the same technique as Hitler: spread lies about Jews.

That's not true.

@@rcrinsea Joseph Stalin had the blood of millions on his hands before Hitler became Chancellor in 1933

Steven Kotkin who regularly attends Bilderberg meetings and works at the Hoover Institute, has plenty of video lectures series on Stalin and how bad Stalin was.

The Germans took over Hungary in early 1944 because they feared it would negotiate a separate peace with the Soviets (which they did); the Holocaust there happened in the months after the takeover.

The jews that were in holland were also the ones that have been taken away

German Jews who had served in the WW1 German army were spared, but lived a marginalized existence. Blacks who had served in the Kaiser's colonial army were also spared, but they also faced daily racism. Hungarian Jews who had served in the WW1 Austrian imperial army were also spared from the Holocaust.

Rosenberg was an ethnic German who got his Ph.D. in Moscow, maybe from non-Estonian sources.

Part 2: Mr Snyder’s discussion of the Camp a “black hole” in the law has some affinity to Giorgio Agamben in “Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life” (1998). Particulary chapter 7 “The Camp as the Nomos of the Modern”. Here Agamben also is heterodox to common understandings as he shows that the N***I Dictatorship, contrary to common belief, was not a product of the declaration of the “State of Emergency”. That had happened during the Weimar Republic under Prussian Law 1871 (I guess Bismarck’s unification. And visited many times by US President U. S. Grant beginning), “Schutzhaft” and employed through Article 48 of the construction in 1919, and ended in 1923. According to Agamben the N**I’s did not declare a state of emergency and the suspension of Rights as such rather it was done as limiting freedoms for protection (Care?). From this Agamben claims then the Camp is the State of Exception (in terms from Carl Schmitt) not the whole territory. That putting this though Snyder’s view that would mean I think, that the state of exception did not have to meet the Schmittian paradox of an Authority/Sovereignty doing a speech act that suspends the very laws that legitimise and grant that sovereignty/authority. My way of putting it from J.L. Austin is it would appear as infelicitous speech act a performative self-contradiction. The other way of putting it with the theology is as a distinction between law as convention and meta law (Right) as reflective of convention or common law. The latter view of constitutional change paradox was taken up by by Peter Suber in terms of Russell’s set theory paradox. It is interesting to note that this later approach to the problem was taken up by Austrian German and Polish philosophers of science and logic from the early 1920’s the Vienna Circle, Logical Positivists. Indeed it was legal positivism that Schmitt was attacking here that is “presupposes” a normal order and cannot establish it. Schmitt in “The Concept of the Political” addresses these problems though a survey of various terms of dialectics of the State. Not only are positive liberal law and Right not the ground or even the opposed concept of the state, but also belonging or custom are not grounds or even the opposed concept to the State. Famously he argues away from these sorts of dialectics and argues that the question and concept of the Political is before the State and this makes the friend/enemy political distinction in a territory prior to the State to law right norms morality habit and custom. Thus in a way “dissolves” the many different dialectics of his contemporary political philosophy era and notoriously makes the political conflict prior and I imagine ubiquitous. I have not read his books on Hobbes but Schmitt reminds me that Hobbes saw the Civil War and Thirty Years War as internecine internal and external struggle wherein, foreign and domestic become dislocated and intertwined, and political struggle determine all institutional projects and processes. This manifests as a conflict between different institutions of the State that increasingly are used and viewed as organs of political purpose not a higher law of judgement outside and independent of the political.

Part 3: :This then as seen as process in itself, rather than tactics to establish a totalising law and state would possibly coherence with Mr Snyder’s view of the N**I project to destroy the law to allow for create the absence space for the creation of an Anarchy territory where concepts of friend/enemy is the political version of concepts for the naturalism of survival of the fittest. This reading also sets the N**I project as anti nomic anarchic and anti State as opposed to Revolutionary communism that seek a ubiquitous totalised State. It is clear Schmitt is thinking and contrasting and opposing Marxism and Revolutionary Soviet Communism here.

Part 4: One thing here is that when we think of the relation between law and nature, we take it that the source of the law is derivable from facts of nature as science that is retroactivity justified though reflection and revision, and that the application of the law its content is given in a an appeal outside of the law to nature as described by the latest sciences. We expect to evaluate laws on the basis of things like harm and projected risk of harm for its content. Even if the laws are stable the interpretive content belongs to science is thus ever changing in meaning. The laws can stay the same but as the science changes or as they say progresses and increases the meaning of and scope of the law changes and increases. A law of risk and harm now may well be the same as it was 50 years ago but the science of harm as risk as expanding will means what was deemed safe and within he law back then would now be deemed as against the law. Thus as the law is not anachronistically applied backwards it seems legitimate to use an expanded and more fine tuned and “detailed” understanding of harm to that law. This means what we consider the “Space of Law” and the “space of nature” are not really heterogenic disjunctive unrelated spaces. The project of expanding the sciences as more infinitely and fine detailed smaller harms and risks, as well as cultural changes in the notions of what quality constitutes harm, has the effect of retro active law appearing legitimate and has the effects that people no longer know what the law demands or will come to retroactively demand in the future. It is both chaotic and ubiquitous over what possible spaces of action it might deem to come to be a risk of including in its scope. On the other view though it is not anomic, but rather that in not functioning to control it has the effect of control though fear of the unknown, unknown meaning of the law. In the end it loses it recognition as legitimate, but the risk is not in part but then as a whole.

Part 5: It is understood now by some, as mearly a political tool used by opposing parties for tactical and strategic advantage. When we place this along with the ever expansion “progress” of science we can see that science is increasingly taking over the law, both in terms of expanding its content and as a explanation of the function of the law as say self interest. That is the law its self is viewed as captured within a scientific conception of humans as behavioural and social science as self interest and bias describes them (e.g. Posner). Now this means that the normative question of legal legitimacy has come to be taken over entirely in both form and content by science. One could say then on Mr Snyder’s understanding of N**Iism as anarchy and the Hobbesian view of man that this is just he project the liberal and social justice west is on. What appears as the increasing state and law is actuality the subsumption of the state and law under expansive scientific institutions, and anonymous scientists. Science and scientist effectively change the law without having the trouble of it going through a legislator. Rather it geos though an academy and used to make reports and policy no one understands or reads. If the space of the law and the human being become entirely captured within the space of science is this really equivalent to unelected dictatorship of scientists and the manifest image of the human becomes only the scientific image and this is before the law. In this the model of society to come is not the prison camp state, but the laboratory and hospital state. It seems at one a scientifically ordered state but also anarchic in that it is contingent entirely on the ever changing expanding constructions of science which is itself deemed to be outside of its own descriptions and representations. The scientists are meant to disappear from the work they do, become anonymous and exculpated from responsibility. They are pictured as oddy transcendent and immune to the social and psychological descriptions explanations and reductions they propose to capture the whole of nature within. They and their laboratories are a kind of black hole in the laws and science they represent, the world in. When we as the last Social scientists or discourse pragmatist linguists look at there own discourse in accord with their Criteria, and if this is a tautology since the criteria are devised with regard to their alone norms then is this no legitimate dominion over us no right of standard. It is exceptional since they are outside of the scientific reduction and absolutely supernaturally immune.

Part 6: The sciences as an ever changing and expanding to the infinitely small and large system of nature could be seen in its take over of law and politics and policy as a system moving to anarchy for traditional concepts: Peoples are behavioural caused responses not causal agents and so have only legitimacy of speech under the rules of science and anomic probibilty projections through Baysain risk and protection and so on, otherwise they are illegitimate to be causally explained away to be anonymous twitching of de personalised un recognised bare bodies bare life. Not taken seriously as person in themselves with dignity autonomy and agency. casual agents subsumed under scientific representation.

What the f^^^ he is trying to say here that germans didnt kill )ews in Poland . So who did ???? What a manipulation.

Good point. German Jews had a few years head start to try to leave.

Native Americans? Australian Aboriginal peoples?

Venezuela....

The Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century,

The Tartars and Mongols and Armenians. Dozens of African nations divided to reign by the British and now increasingly controles not byt European imperial wannabes but by a warlike Muslim elite who wins election.

Which eventually became a reason for civil war and genocide

@@nikolaychikhachev7115 Again error because you are talking about different time period and state of mind .After WW1 when the Serbian people united it didn't started atrocities .Also after WW2 the same when second Yugoslavia was created .

This is some kind of none verbal communication. He doing this to protect himself from the public. Its complex

Really, that's your take on all of this! Wow, you've had too much psychology!

@@catherineskis Or perhaps too little.

what date was the talk? 2013? or 2023? Does anyone know? I see both dates but no context.

Don't forget the white genocide of the Native Americans. But none of these come close to the Holocaust. Especially the Uyghur "genocide".

@@rcrinsea The Uyghur's time in the Barrel isn't over, and when all is said and done it may be a more impactful genocide than the Holocaust.

@@dancahill9585 - Oh? How so? Please provide us with solid evidence that a “genocide” is taking place. Not hearsay, but evidence. In this age of cell phones with cameras and instant communications, surely there is at least one photo of the genocide?

@@rcrinsea If it was genocide then how do you explain the Reservations? Is that your idea of American “death camps?”

A lot. “Blood lands” is one.

Blows against Germany didn't really start until 1943 broadly speaking, by which time most of the Holocaust had already occurred.