Teshekur ederem :)

@@IcefromtheUS "Согласно исследованиям директора Казанского психологического центра Р.Гарифуллина: " 91% татар, желающих переименоваться в булгар страдают комплексом неполноценности (или заниженной самооценкой)" (газета «Казанские ведомости», 20.03.98 )."

سلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

SH. MARJANI INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE TATARSTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD THE GOLDEN HORDE IN W ORLD H ISTORY Kazan 2017 Foreword Rafael Khakimov Full-scale research on the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde) did not begin until as recently as the 1990s, when ideological restrictions imposed by the government were finally lifted. This primarily concerned the Resolution on the State and Measures for Improving Political and Ideological Awareness Raising in the Tatar Party Organization by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), dated 1944, which prohibited studies on the history of the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates, as well as any popularisation of the epic ‘Edigu’. The Falsification of Tatar history was remarkably crucial to the success of Soviet policy. It was during the height of the WWII, with all of the country's resources already tied up, and long before the conquest of Berlin that the government found it necessary to prohibit research on the Golden Horde. Stalin believed Tatar history to be as important as achieving victories on the front. This ideology was designed to confine Tatar history to covering local events in the Volga Region and presenting the Tatars as descending from the Volga Bulgars, known for their heroic resistance to the Tatar-Mongol invasion. But at the same time, Tatars also acquired a negative image as Asians who had interrupted the natural course of Russian history. These doctrines was powerful enough to give rise to a Bulgarist political movement to rename Tatars to Bulgars and Tatarstan to Volga Bulgaria. The most zealous of its advocates wanted passports stating ‘Bulgar’ instead of ‘Tatar’ as their nationality, and would also register as Bulgars, not Tatars, during censuses. Ultimately, it was Perestroika that brought about a decline in Bulgarist activities, and nowadays the movement is seen as a rather exotic rudiment of the Soviet era when historical myths ran rampant. The turbulent political events of the 1990s stirred up the public, causing a surge in Tatar self-awareness, and Perestroika lifted the restrictions on research regarding the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates. This signaled the end of governmental ideological control. Academic institutions independent of the Russian Academy of Sciences were thus established in Tatarstan, while the Russian academic community endured the time of turbulence without any real interest towards Tatar history. Moreover, a number of Russian historians advocated for an unbiased approach to the Golden Horde. After state sovereignty of Tatarstan was declared in 1990, followed by the bilateral agreement on the division of powers between Kazan and Moscow in 1994, Tatarstan enjoyed an economic and cultural upswing. Borders were opened, international connections to academic centres were consolidated, and now that the republic was engaged in extensive foreign relations, self-consciousness of Tatars and Tatarstan's inhabitants was growing stronger every day. Tatars wanted an unbiased history for themselves, as textbooks and periodicals continued to be printed with barbaric images of their people, still presenting the Golden Horde as a source of savagery, humiliation to the Russians and a threat to Europe as a whole. A number of Russian politicians even tried to promote the Battle of Kulikovo to the status of a Russian national holiday, which was promptly prevented by Tatarstan's government. It was under these circumstances that large-scale research began on the Golden Horde, the first major milestone of which was The International Scientific Seminar titled ‘Source Studies on the History of the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde). From Kalka to Astrakhan. 1223-1556’ on June 23-26, 1998. [3]. In later years it was followed by a series of conferences that eventually transformed into the ‘Golden Horde Forum’, a regularly held conference. The varied and diverse approaches to issues related to the Golden Horde ultimately yielded the dedicated volume titled ‘The Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). 13th Century-Mid- dokumen.pub/the-golden-horde-in-world-history.html Brief history of suvar-bulgars Ювенальев Ю. Ю., ЮвенальеЮвенальев Ю. Ю., Ювенальев С. Ю. Культура суваро-булгар. Этническая религия и мифологические представления. - Чебоксары, 2013. - 128 с., илл. The off-springs of the ancient Suvar-Bulgars - the modern Chuvash people are the fifth most populous nation in Russia. They live mostly in the Volga Region, where their first in the Eastern Europe middle aged state Volga Bulgaria was situated. To be more exact, it is the territory of modern Samara Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, the Chuvash Republic and some parts of the territories of the Mari El Republic, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Penza Oblast. This Part of the Volga Region bounds on the territory, where Finno-Ugric peoples the Mari and the Mordvins live on one side, and on the territory of the Turkic people Tatars and the Slavic people on the other side. According to genetic and linguistic data the culture of the Chuvash (the Suvar-Bulgars) stands apart. Thus it differs as from the culture of the Slavic people and from the culture of Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples as well. The names of the peoples, living in the Volga Region are well-known from the earliest times. But as far as the word ‘Chuvash’ is concerned, it appears in the written sources only since the 16th century. xn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai/en/content/brief-history-suvar-bulgars

It really is! Thanks for watching!

Thank you for watching!

As vezes o anonimato é uma bênção! Preserva muitas coisas!

Thank you for watching!

My pleasure. :)

@@IcefromtheUS SH. MARJANI INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE TATARSTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD THE GOLDEN HORDE IN W ORLD H ISTORY Kazan 2017 Foreword Rafael Khakimov Full-scale research on the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde) did not begin until as recently as the 1990s, when ideological restrictions imposed by the government were finally lifted. This primarily concerned the Resolution on the State and Measures for Improving Political and Ideological Awareness Raising in the Tatar Party Organization by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), dated 1944, which prohibited studies on the history of the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates, as well as any popularisation of the epic ‘Edigu’. The Falsification of Tatar history was remarkably crucial to the success of Soviet policy. It was during the height of the WWII, with all of the country's resources already tied up, and long before the conquest of Berlin that the government found it necessary to prohibit research on the Golden Horde. Stalin believed Tatar history to be as important as achieving victories on the front. This ideology was designed to confine Tatar history to covering local events in the Volga Region and presenting the Tatars as descending from the Volga Bulgars, known for their heroic resistance to the Tatar-Mongol invasion. But at the same time, Tatars also acquired a negative image as Asians who had interrupted the natural course of Russian history. These doctrines was powerful enough to give rise to a Bulgarist political movement to rename Tatars to Bulgars and Tatarstan to Volga Bulgaria. The most zealous of its advocates wanted passports stating ‘Bulgar’ instead of ‘Tatar’ as their nationality, and would also register as Bulgars, not Tatars, during censuses. Ultimately, it was Perestroika that brought about a decline in Bulgarist activities, and nowadays the movement is seen as a rather exotic rudiment of the Soviet era when historical myths ran rampant. The turbulent political events of the 1990s stirred up the public, causing a surge in Tatar self-awareness, and Perestroika lifted the restrictions on research regarding the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates. This signaled the end of governmental ideological control. Academic institutions independent of the Russian Academy of Sciences were thus established in Tatarstan, while the Russian academic community endured the time of turbulence without any real interest towards Tatar history. Moreover, a number of Russian historians advocated for an unbiased approach to the Golden Horde. After state sovereignty of Tatarstan was declared in 1990, followed by the bilateral agreement on the division of powers between Kazan and Moscow in 1994, Tatarstan enjoyed an economic and cultural upswing. Borders were opened, international connections to academic centres were consolidated, and now that the republic was engaged in extensive foreign relations, self-consciousness of Tatars and Tatarstan's inhabitants was growing stronger every day. Tatars wanted an unbiased history for themselves, as textbooks and periodicals continued to be printed with barbaric images of their people, still presenting the Golden Horde as a source of savagery, humiliation to the Russians and a threat to Europe as a whole. A number of Russian politicians even tried to promote the Battle of Kulikovo to the status of a Russian national holiday, which was promptly prevented by Tatarstan's government. It was under these circumstances that large-scale research began on the Golden Horde, the first major milestone of which was The International Scientific Seminar titled ‘Source Studies on the History of the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde). From Kalka to Astrakhan. 1223-1556’ on June 23-26, 1998. [3]. In later years it was followed by a series of conferences that eventually transformed into the ‘Golden Horde Forum’, a regularly held conference. The varied and diverse approaches to issues related to the Golden Horde ultimately yielded the dedicated volume titled ‘The Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). 13th Century-Mid- dokumen.pub/the-golden-horde-in-world-history.html Brief history of suvar-bulgars Ювенальев Ю. Ю., ЮвенальеЮвенальев Ю. Ю., Ювенальев С. Ю. Культура суваро-булгар. Этническая религия и мифологические представления. - Чебоксары, 2013. - 128 с., илл. The off-springs of the ancient Suvar-Bulgars - the modern Chuvash people are the fifth most populous nation in Russia. They live mostly in the Volga Region, where their first in the Eastern Europe middle aged state Volga Bulgaria was situated. To be more exact, it is the territory of modern Samara Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, the Chuvash Republic and some parts of the territories of the Mari El Republic, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Penza Oblast. This Part of the Volga Region bounds on the territory, where Finno-Ugric peoples the Mari and the Mordvins live on one side, and on the territory of the Turkic people Tatars and the Slavic people on the other side. According to genetic and linguistic data the culture of the Chuvash (the Suvar-Bulgars) stands apart. Thus it differs as from the culture of the Slavic people and from the culture of Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples as well. The names of the peoples, living in the Volga Region are well-known from the earliest times. But as far as the word ‘Chuvash’ is concerned, it appears in the written sources only since the 16th century. xn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai/en/content/brief-history-suvar-bulgars

Thank you for watching @Shahid Raja

@@IcefromtheUS I recently returned from my trip to Kazan. I planned to see Bolgar according to your guide but due to lack of transportation (the boats didn't start operating and the buses are only in the weekends), I couldn't go there 😕. I visited Sviyazhsk instead. But thanks for your virtual tour)

Thank you for watching!

Only Chuvashes-Volga Bulgars! SH. MARJANI INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE TATARSTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD THE GOLDEN HORDE IN W ORLD H ISTORY Kazan 2017 Foreword Rafael Khakimov Full-scale research on the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde) did not begin until as recently as the 1990s, when ideological restrictions imposed by the government were finally lifted. This primarily concerned the Resolution on the State and Measures for Improving Political and Ideological Awareness Raising in the Tatar Party Organization by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), dated 1944, which prohibited studies on the history of the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates, as well as any popularisation of the epic ‘Edigu’. The Falsification of Tatar history was remarkably crucial to the success of Soviet policy. It was during the height of the WWII, with all of the country's resources already tied up, and long before the conquest of Berlin that the government found it necessary to prohibit research on the Golden Horde. Stalin believed Tatar history to be as important as achieving victories on the front. This ideology was designed to confine Tatar history to covering local events in the Volga Region and presenting the Tatars as descending from the Volga Bulgars, known for their heroic resistance to the Tatar-Mongol invasion. But at the same time, Tatars also acquired a negative image as Asians who had interrupted the natural course of Russian history. These doctrines was powerful enough to give rise to a Bulgarist political movement to rename Tatars to Bulgars and Tatarstan to Volga Bulgaria. The most zealous of its advocates wanted passports stating ‘Bulgar’ instead of ‘Tatar’ as their nationality, and would also register as Bulgars, not Tatars, during censuses. Ultimately, it was Perestroika that brought about a decline in Bulgarist activities, and nowadays the movement is seen as a rather exotic rudiment of the Soviet era when historical myths ran rampant. The turbulent political events of the 1990s stirred up the public, causing a surge in Tatar self-awareness, and Perestroika lifted the restrictions on research regarding the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates. This signaled the end of governmental ideological control. Academic institutions independent of the Russian Academy of Sciences were thus established in Tatarstan, while the Russian academic community endured the time of turbulence without any real interest towards Tatar history. Moreover, a number of Russian historians advocated for an unbiased approach to the Golden Horde. After state sovereignty of Tatarstan was declared in 1990, followed by the bilateral agreement on the division of powers between Kazan and Moscow in 1994, Tatarstan enjoyed an economic and cultural upswing. Borders were opened, international connections to academic centres were consolidated, and now that the republic was engaged in extensive foreign relations, self-consciousness of Tatars and Tatarstan's inhabitants was growing stronger every day. Tatars wanted an unbiased history for themselves, as textbooks and periodicals continued to be printed with barbaric images of their people, still presenting the Golden Horde as a source of savagery, humiliation to the Russians and a threat to Europe as a whole. A number of Russian politicians even tried to promote the Battle of Kulikovo to the status of a Russian national holiday, which was promptly prevented by Tatarstan's government. It was under these circumstances that large-scale research began on the Golden Horde, the first major milestone of which was The International Scientific Seminar titled ‘Source Studies on the History of the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde). From Kalka to Astrakhan. 1223-1556’ on June 23-26, 1998. [3]. In later years it was followed by a series of conferences that eventually transformed into the ‘Golden Horde Forum’, a regularly held conference. The varied and diverse approaches to issues related to the Golden Horde ultimately yielded the dedicated volume titled ‘The Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). 13th Century-Mid- dokumen.pub/the-golden-horde-in-world-history.html Brief history of suvar-bulgars Ювенальев Ю. Ю., ЮвенальеЮвенальев Ю. Ю., Ювенальев С. Ю. Культура суваро-булгар. Этническая религия и мифологические представления. - Чебоксары, 2013. - 128 с., илл. The off-springs of the ancient Suvar-Bulgars - the modern Chuvash people are the fifth most populous nation in Russia. They live mostly in the Volga Region, where their first in the Eastern Europe middle aged state Volga Bulgaria was situated. To be more exact, it is the territory of modern Samara Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, the Chuvash Republic and some parts of the territories of the Mari El Republic, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Penza Oblast. This Part of the Volga Region bounds on the territory, where Finno-Ugric peoples the Mari and the Mordvins live on one side, and on the territory of the Turkic people Tatars and the Slavic people on the other side. According to genetic and linguistic data the culture of the Chuvash (the Suvar-Bulgars) stands apart. Thus it differs as from the culture of the Slavic people and from the culture of Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples as well. The names of the peoples, living in the Volga Region are well-known from the earliest times. But as far as the word ‘Chuvash’ is concerned, it appears in the written sources only since the 16th century. Since a long time ago the scientists have been discussing the question about the origin of the Chuvash people. Various theories were advanced on this problem. Thus the ancestors of the Chuvash people were considered the following nations: the Khazars, the Burtas, the Huns, the Finno-Ugric peoples, the Ancient Avars, the Sumerians, the Volga Suvar-Bulgars and so on. xn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai/en/content/brief-history-suvar-bulgars

SH. MARJANI INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE TATARSTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD THE GOLDEN HORDE IN W ORLD H ISTORY Kazan 2017 Foreword Rafael Khakimov Full-scale research on the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde) did not begin until as recently as the 1990s, when ideological restrictions imposed by the government were finally lifted. This primarily concerned the Resolution on the State and Measures for Improving Political and Ideological Awareness Raising in the Tatar Party Organization by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), dated 1944, which prohibited studies on the history of the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates, as well as any popularisation of the epic ‘Edigu’. The Falsification of Tatar history was remarkably crucial to the success of Soviet policy. It was during the height of the WWII, with all of the country's resources already tied up, and long before the conquest of Berlin that the government found it necessary to prohibit research on the Golden Horde. Stalin believed Tatar history to be as important as achieving victories on the front. This ideology was designed to confine Tatar history to covering local events in the Volga Region and presenting the Tatars as descending from the Volga Bulgars, known for their heroic resistance to the Tatar-Mongol invasion. But at the same time, Tatars also acquired a negative image as Asians who had interrupted the natural course of Russian history. These doctrines was powerful enough to give rise to a Bulgarist political movement to rename Tatars to Bulgars and Tatarstan to Volga Bulgaria. The most zealous of its advocates wanted passports stating ‘Bulgar’ instead of ‘Tatar’ as their nationality, and would also register as Bulgars, not Tatars, during censuses. Ultimately, it was Perestroika that brought about a decline in Bulgarist activities, and nowadays the movement is seen as a rather exotic rudiment of the Soviet era when historical myths ran rampant. The turbulent political events of the 1990s stirred up the public, causing a surge in Tatar self-awareness, and Perestroika lifted the restrictions on research regarding the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates. This signaled the end of governmental ideological control. Academic institutions independent of the Russian Academy of Sciences were thus established in Tatarstan, while the Russian academic community endured the time of turbulence without any real interest towards Tatar history. Moreover, a number of Russian historians advocated for an unbiased approach to the Golden Horde. After state sovereignty of Tatarstan was declared in 1990, followed by the bilateral agreement on the division of powers between Kazan and Moscow in 1994, Tatarstan enjoyed an economic and cultural upswing. Borders were opened, international connections to academic centres were consolidated, and now that the republic was engaged in extensive foreign relations, self-consciousness of Tatars and Tatarstan's inhabitants was growing stronger every day. Tatars wanted an unbiased history for themselves, as textbooks and periodicals continued to be printed with barbaric images of their people, still presenting the Golden Horde as a source of savagery, humiliation to the Russians and a threat to Europe as a whole. A number of Russian politicians even tried to promote the Battle of Kulikovo to the status of a Russian national holiday, which was promptly prevented by Tatarstan's government. It was under these circumstances that large-scale research began on the Golden Horde, the first major milestone of which was The International Scientific Seminar titled ‘Source Studies on the History of the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde). From Kalka to Astrakhan. 1223-1556’ on June 23-26, 1998. [3]. In later years it was followed by a series of conferences that eventually transformed into the ‘Golden Horde Forum’, a regularly held conference. The varied and diverse approaches to issues related to the Golden Horde ultimately yielded the dedicated volume titled ‘The Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). 13th Century-Mid- dokumen.pub/the-golden-horde-in-world-history.html Brief history of suvar-bulgars Ювенальев Ю. Ю., ЮвенальеЮвенальев Ю. Ю., Ювенальев С. Ю. Культура суваро-булгар. Этническая религия и мифологические представления. - Чебоксары, 2013. - 128 с., илл. The off-springs of the ancient Suvar-Bulgars - the modern Chuvash people are the fifth most populous nation in Russia. They live mostly in the Volga Region, where their first in the Eastern Europe middle aged state Volga Bulgaria was situated. To be more exact, it is the territory of modern Samara Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, the Chuvash Republic and some parts of the territories of the Mari El Republic, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Penza Oblast. This Part of the Volga Region bounds on the territory, where Finno-Ugric peoples the Mari and the Mordvins live on one side, and on the territory of the Turkic people Tatars and the Slavic people on the other side. According to genetic and linguistic data the culture of the Chuvash (the Suvar-Bulgars) stands apart. Thus it differs as from the culture of the Slavic people and from the culture of Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples as well. The names of the peoples, living in the Volga Region are well-known from the earliest times. But as far as the word ‘Chuvash’ is concerned, it appears in the written sources only since the 16th century. Since a long time ago the scientists have been discussing the question about the origin of the Chuvash people. Various theories were advanced on this problem. Thus the ancestors of the Chuvash people were considered the following nations: the Khazars, the Burtas, the Huns, the Finno-Ugric peoples, the Ancient Avars, the Sumerians, the Volga Suvar-Bulgars and so on. xn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai/en/content/brief-history-suvar-bulgars

My pleasure!

When they werent assimilated

SH. MARJANI INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE TATARSTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD THE GOLDEN HORDE IN W ORLD H ISTORY Kazan 2017 Foreword Rafael Khakimov Full-scale research on the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde) did not begin until as recently as the 1990s, when ideological restrictions imposed by the government were finally lifted. This primarily concerned the Resolution on the State and Measures for Improving Political and Ideological Awareness Raising in the Tatar Party Organization by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), dated 1944, which prohibited studies on the history of the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates, as well as any popularisation of the epic ‘Edigu’. The Falsification of Tatar history was remarkably crucial to the success of Soviet policy. It was during the height of the WWII, with all of the country's resources already tied up, and long before the conquest of Berlin that the government found it necessary to prohibit research on the Golden Horde. Stalin believed Tatar history to be as important as achieving victories on the front. This ideology was designed to confine Tatar history to covering local events in the Volga Region and presenting the Tatars as descending from the Volga Bulgars, known for their heroic resistance to the Tatar-Mongol invasion. But at the same time, Tatars also acquired a negative image as Asians who had interrupted the natural course of Russian history. These doctrines was powerful enough to give rise to a Bulgarist political movement to rename Tatars to Bulgars and Tatarstan to Volga Bulgaria. The most zealous of its advocates wanted passports stating ‘Bulgar’ instead of ‘Tatar’ as their nationality, and would also register as Bulgars, not Tatars, during censuses. Ultimately, it was Perestroika that brought about a decline in Bulgarist activities, and nowadays the movement is seen as a rather exotic rudiment of the Soviet era when historical myths ran rampant. The turbulent political events of the 1990s stirred up the public, causing a surge in Tatar self-awareness, and Perestroika lifted the restrictions on research regarding the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates. This signaled the end of governmental ideological control. Academic institutions independent of the Russian Academy of Sciences were thus established in Tatarstan, while the Russian academic community endured the time of turbulence without any real interest towards Tatar history. Moreover, a number of Russian historians advocated for an unbiased approach to the Golden Horde. After state sovereignty of Tatarstan was declared in 1990, followed by the bilateral agreement on the division of powers between Kazan and Moscow in 1994, Tatarstan enjoyed an economic and cultural upswing. Borders were opened, international connections to academic centres were consolidated, and now that the republic was engaged in extensive foreign relations, self-consciousness of Tatars and Tatarstan's inhabitants was growing stronger every day. Tatars wanted an unbiased history for themselves, as textbooks and periodicals continued to be printed with barbaric images of their people, still presenting the Golden Horde as a source of savagery, humiliation to the Russians and a threat to Europe as a whole. A number of Russian politicians even tried to promote the Battle of Kulikovo to the status of a Russian national holiday, which was promptly prevented by Tatarstan's government. It was under these circumstances that large-scale research began on the Golden Horde, the first major milestone of which was The International Scientific Seminar titled ‘Source Studies on the History of the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde). From Kalka to Astrakhan. 1223-1556’ on June 23-26, 1998. [3]. In later years it was followed by a series of conferences that eventually transformed into the ‘Golden Horde Forum’, a regularly held conference. The varied and diverse approaches to issues related to the Golden Horde ultimately yielded the dedicated volume titled ‘The Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). 13th Century-Mid- dokumen.pub/the-golden-horde-in-world-history.html Brief history of suvar-bulgars Ювенальев Ю. Ю., ЮвенальеЮвенальев Ю. Ю., Ювенальев С. Ю. Культура суваро-булгар. Этническая религия и мифологические представления. - Чебоксары, 2013. - 128 с., илл. The off-springs of the ancient Suvar-Bulgars - the modern Chuvash people are the fifth most populous nation in Russia. They live mostly in the Volga Region, where their first in the Eastern Europe middle aged state Volga Bulgaria was situated. To be more exact, it is the territory of modern Samara Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, the Chuvash Republic and some parts of the territories of the Mari El Republic, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Penza Oblast. This Part of the Volga Region bounds on the territory, where Finno-Ugric peoples the Mari and the Mordvins live on one side, and on the territory of the Turkic people Tatars and the Slavic people on the other side. According to genetic and linguistic data the culture of the Chuvash (the Suvar-Bulgars) stands apart. Thus it differs as from the culture of the Slavic people and from the culture of Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples as well. The names of the peoples, living in the Volga Region are well-known from the earliest times. But as far as the word ‘Chuvash’ is concerned, it appears in the written sources only since the 16th century. xn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai/en/content/brief-history-suvar-bulgars

Thank you 🤗

SH. MARJANI INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE TATARSTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD THE GOLDEN HORDE IN W ORLD H ISTORY Kazan 2017 Foreword Rafael Khakimov Full-scale research on the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde) did not begin until as recently as the 1990s, when ideological restrictions imposed by the government were finally lifted. This primarily concerned the Resolution on the State and Measures for Improving Political and Ideological Awareness Raising in the Tatar Party Organization by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), dated 1944, which prohibited studies on the history of the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates, as well as any popularisation of the epic ‘Edigu’. The Falsification of Tatar history was remarkably crucial to the success of Soviet policy. It was during the height of the WWII, with all of the country's resources already tied up, and long before the conquest of Berlin that the government found it necessary to prohibit research on the Golden Horde. Stalin believed Tatar history to be as important as achieving victories on the front. This ideology was designed to confine Tatar history to covering local events in the Volga Region and presenting the Tatars as descending from the Volga Bulgars, known for their heroic resistance to the Tatar-Mongol invasion. But at the same time, Tatars also acquired a negative image as Asians who had interrupted the natural course of Russian history. These doctrines was powerful enough to give rise to a Bulgarist political movement to rename Tatars to Bulgars and Tatarstan to Volga Bulgaria. The most zealous of its advocates wanted passports stating ‘Bulgar’ instead of ‘Tatar’ as their nationality, and would also register as Bulgars, not Tatars, during censuses. Ultimately, it was Perestroika that brought about a decline in Bulgarist activities, and nowadays the movement is seen as a rather exotic rudiment of the Soviet era when historical myths ran rampant. The turbulent political events of the 1990s stirred up the public, causing a surge in Tatar self-awareness, and Perestroika lifted the restrictions on research regarding the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates. This signaled the end of governmental ideological control. Academic institutions independent of the Russian Academy of Sciences were thus established in Tatarstan, while the Russian academic community endured the time of turbulence without any real interest towards Tatar history. Moreover, a number of Russian historians advocated for an unbiased approach to the Golden Horde. After state sovereignty of Tatarstan was declared in 1990, followed by the bilateral agreement on the division of powers between Kazan and Moscow in 1994, Tatarstan enjoyed an economic and cultural upswing. Borders were opened, international connections to academic centres were consolidated, and now that the republic was engaged in extensive foreign relations, self-consciousness of Tatars and Tatarstan's inhabitants was growing stronger every day. Tatars wanted an unbiased history for themselves, as textbooks and periodicals continued to be printed with barbaric images of their people, still presenting the Golden Horde as a source of savagery, humiliation to the Russians and a threat to Europe as a whole. A number of Russian politicians even tried to promote the Battle of Kulikovo to the status of a Russian national holiday, which was promptly prevented by Tatarstan's government. It was under these circumstances that large-scale research began on the Golden Horde, the first major milestone of which was The International Scientific Seminar titled ‘Source Studies on the History of the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde). From Kalka to Astrakhan. 1223-1556’ on June 23-26, 1998. [3]. In later years it was followed by a series of conferences that eventually transformed into the ‘Golden Horde Forum’, a regularly held conference. The varied and diverse approaches to issues related to the Golden Horde ultimately yielded the dedicated volume titled ‘The Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). 13th Century-Mid- dokumen.pub/the-golden-horde-in-world-history.html Brief history of suvar-bulgars Ювенальев Ю. Ю., ЮвенальеЮвенальев Ю. Ю., Ювенальев С. Ю. Культура суваро-булгар. Этническая религия и мифологические представления. - Чебоксары, 2013. - 128 с., илл. The off-springs of the ancient Suvar-Bulgars - the modern Chuvash people are the fifth most populous nation in Russia. They live mostly in the Volga Region, where their first in the Eastern Europe middle aged state Volga Bulgaria was situated. To be more exact, it is the territory of modern Samara Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, the Chuvash Republic and some parts of the territories of the Mari El Republic, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Penza Oblast. This Part of the Volga Region bounds on the territory, where Finno-Ugric peoples the Mari and the Mordvins live on one side, and on the territory of the Turkic people Tatars and the Slavic people on the other side. According to genetic and linguistic data the culture of the Chuvash (the Suvar-Bulgars) stands apart. Thus it differs as from the culture of the Slavic people and from the culture of Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples as well. The names of the peoples, living in the Volga Region are well-known from the earliest times. But as far as the word ‘Chuvash’ is concerned, it appears in the written sources only since the 16th century. xn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai/en/content/brief-history-suvar-bulgars

I'm from Tatarstan, Russia.

Thanks , God bless, you would make a great travel writer

Булгария существавала 6-10 века. Русское государство начало 11 12 века. В 10 веке русских на реке Волга не было!

SH. MARJANI INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE TATARSTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD THE GOLDEN HORDE IN W ORLD H ISTORY Kazan 2017 Foreword Rafael Khakimov Full-scale research on the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde) did not begin until as recently as the 1990s, when ideological restrictions imposed by the government were finally lifted. This primarily concerned the Resolution on the State and Measures for Improving Political and Ideological Awareness Raising in the Tatar Party Organization by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), dated 1944, which prohibited studies on the history of the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates, as well as any popularisation of the epic ‘Edigu’. The Falsification of Tatar history was remarkably crucial to the success of Soviet policy. It was during the height of the WWII, with all of the country's resources already tied up, and long before the conquest of Berlin that the government found it necessary to prohibit research on the Golden Horde. Stalin believed Tatar history to be as important as achieving victories on the front. This ideology was designed to confine Tatar history to covering local events in the Volga Region and presenting the Tatars as descending from the Volga Bulgars, known for their heroic resistance to the Tatar-Mongol invasion. But at the same time, Tatars also acquired a negative image as Asians who had interrupted the natural course of Russian history. These doctrines was powerful enough to give rise to a Bulgarist political movement to rename Tatars to Bulgars and Tatarstan to Volga Bulgaria. The most zealous of its advocates wanted passports stating ‘Bulgar’ instead of ‘Tatar’ as their nationality, and would also register as Bulgars, not Tatars, during censuses. Ultimately, it was Perestroika that brought about a decline in Bulgarist activities, and nowadays the movement is seen as a rather exotic rudiment of the Soviet era when historical myths ran rampant. The turbulent political events of the 1990s stirred up the public, causing a surge in Tatar self-awareness, and Perestroika lifted the restrictions on research regarding the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates. This signaled the end of governmental ideological control. Academic institutions independent of the Russian Academy of Sciences were thus established in Tatarstan, while the Russian academic community endured the time of turbulence without any real interest towards Tatar history. Moreover, a number of Russian historians advocated for an unbiased approach to the Golden Horde. After state sovereignty of Tatarstan was declared in 1990, followed by the bilateral agreement on the division of powers between Kazan and Moscow in 1994, Tatarstan enjoyed an economic and cultural upswing. Borders were opened, international connections to academic centres were consolidated, and now that the republic was engaged in extensive foreign relations, self-consciousness of Tatars and Tatarstan's inhabitants was growing stronger every day. Tatars wanted an unbiased history for themselves, as textbooks and periodicals continued to be printed with barbaric images of their people, still presenting the Golden Horde as a source of savagery, humiliation to the Russians and a threat to Europe as a whole. A number of Russian politicians even tried to promote the Battle of Kulikovo to the status of a Russian national holiday, which was promptly prevented by Tatarstan's government. It was under these circumstances that large-scale research began on the Golden Horde, the first major milestone of which was The International Scientific Seminar titled ‘Source Studies on the History of the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde). From Kalka to Astrakhan. 1223-1556’ on June 23-26, 1998. [3]. In later years it was followed by a series of conferences that eventually transformed into the ‘Golden Horde Forum’, a regularly held conference. The varied and diverse approaches to issues related to the Golden Horde ultimately yielded the dedicated volume titled ‘The Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). 13th Century-Mid- dokumen.pub/the-golden-horde-in-world-history.html Brief history of suvar-bulgars Ювенальев Ю. Ю., ЮвенальеЮвенальев Ю. Ю., Ювенальев С. Ю. Культура суваро-булгар. Этническая религия и мифологические представления. - Чебоксары, 2013. - 128 с., илл. The off-springs of the ancient Suvar-Bulgars - the modern Chuvash people are the fifth most populous nation in Russia. They live mostly in the Volga Region, where their first in the Eastern Europe middle aged state Volga Bulgaria was situated. To be more exact, it is the territory of modern Samara Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, the Chuvash Republic and some parts of the territories of the Mari El Republic, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Penza Oblast. This Part of the Volga Region bounds on the territory, where Finno-Ugric peoples the Mari and the Mordvins live on one side, and on the territory of the Turkic people Tatars and the Slavic people on the other side. According to genetic and linguistic data the culture of the Chuvash (the Suvar-Bulgars) stands apart. Thus it differs as from the culture of the Slavic people and from the culture of Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples as well. The names of the peoples, living in the Volga Region are well-known from the earliest times. But as far as the word ‘Chuvash’ is concerned, it appears in the written sources only since the 16th century. Since a long time ago the scientists have been discussing the question about the origin of the Chuvash people. Various theories were advanced on this problem. Thus the ancestors of the Chuvash people were considered the following nations: the Khazars, the Burtas, the Huns, the Finno-Ugric peoples, the Ancient Avars, the Sumerians, the Volga Suvar-Bulgars and so on. xn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai/en/content/brief-history-suvar-bulgars

Are you tatar muslim.

@@Nabil-js5xu yes bro

@@ilnur7777 Love from Bangladesh,I am bengali muslim.

@@ilnur7777 how many muslims are there in Russia?How many tatar muslims are there?

@@Nabil-js5xu 20 Million

Yes, I am

@@IcefromtheUS хорошая девушка и тема в тему

@@IcefromtheUS I love your videos from Bangladesh.

Thank you for the feedback!

Bolgar is the Tatar spelling.

@@IcefromtheUS SH. MARJANI INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF THE TATARSTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD THE GOLDEN HORDE IN W ORLD H ISTORY Kazan 2017 Foreword Rafael Khakimov Full-scale research on the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde) did not begin until as recently as the 1990s, when ideological restrictions imposed by the government were finally lifted. This primarily concerned the Resolution on the State and Measures for Improving Political and Ideological Awareness Raising in the Tatar Party Organization by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), dated 1944, which prohibited studies on the history of the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates, as well as any popularisation of the epic ‘Edigu’. The Falsification of Tatar history was remarkably crucial to the success of Soviet policy. It was during the height of the WWII, with all of the country's resources already tied up, and long before the conquest of Berlin that the government found it necessary to prohibit research on the Golden Horde. Stalin believed Tatar history to be as important as achieving victories on the front. This ideology was designed to confine Tatar history to covering local events in the Volga Region and presenting the Tatars as descending from the Volga Bulgars, known for their heroic resistance to the Tatar-Mongol invasion. But at the same time, Tatars also acquired a negative image as Asians who had interrupted the natural course of Russian history. These doctrines was powerful enough to give rise to a Bulgarist political movement to rename Tatars to Bulgars and Tatarstan to Volga Bulgaria. The most zealous of its advocates wanted passports stating ‘Bulgar’ instead of ‘Tatar’ as their nationality, and would also register as Bulgars, not Tatars, during censuses. Ultimately, it was Perestroika that brought about a decline in Bulgarist activities, and nowadays the movement is seen as a rather exotic rudiment of the Soviet era when historical myths ran rampant. The turbulent political events of the 1990s stirred up the public, causing a surge in Tatar self-awareness, and Perestroika lifted the restrictions on research regarding the Golden Horde and Tatar khanates. This signaled the end of governmental ideological control. Academic institutions independent of the Russian Academy of Sciences were thus established in Tatarstan, while the Russian academic community endured the time of turbulence without any real interest towards Tatar history. Moreover, a number of Russian historians advocated for an unbiased approach to the Golden Horde. After state sovereignty of Tatarstan was declared in 1990, followed by the bilateral agreement on the division of powers between Kazan and Moscow in 1994, Tatarstan enjoyed an economic and cultural upswing. Borders were opened, international connections to academic centres were consolidated, and now that the republic was engaged in extensive foreign relations, self-consciousness of Tatars and Tatarstan's inhabitants was growing stronger every day. Tatars wanted an unbiased history for themselves, as textbooks and periodicals continued to be printed with barbaric images of their people, still presenting the Golden Horde as a source of savagery, humiliation to the Russians and a threat to Europe as a whole. A number of Russian politicians even tried to promote the Battle of Kulikovo to the status of a Russian national holiday, which was promptly prevented by Tatarstan's government. It was under these circumstances that large-scale research began on the Golden Horde, the first major milestone of which was The International Scientific Seminar titled ‘Source Studies on the History of the Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde). From Kalka to Astrakhan. 1223-1556’ on June 23-26, 1998. [3]. In later years it was followed by a series of conferences that eventually transformed into the ‘Golden Horde Forum’, a regularly held conference. The varied and diverse approaches to issues related to the Golden Horde ultimately yielded the dedicated volume titled ‘The Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). 13th Century-Mid- dokumen.pub/the-golden-horde-in-world-history.html Brief history of suvar-bulgars Ювенальев Ю. Ю., ЮвенальеЮвенальев Ю. Ю., Ювенальев С. Ю. Культура суваро-булгар. Этническая религия и мифологические представления. - Чебоксары, 2013. - 128 с., илл. The off-springs of the ancient Suvar-Bulgars - the modern Chuvash people are the fifth most populous nation in Russia. They live mostly in the Volga Region, where their first in the Eastern Europe middle aged state Volga Bulgaria was situated. To be more exact, it is the territory of modern Samara Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, the Chuvash Republic and some parts of the territories of the Mari El Republic, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Bashkortostan and Penza Oblast. This Part of the Volga Region bounds on the territory, where Finno-Ugric peoples the Mari and the Mordvins live on one side, and on the territory of the Turkic people Tatars and the Slavic people on the other side. According to genetic and linguistic data the culture of the Chuvash (the Suvar-Bulgars) stands apart. Thus it differs as from the culture of the Slavic people and from the culture of Finno-Ugric and Turkic peoples as well. The names of the peoples, living in the Volga Region are well-known from the earliest times. But as far as the word ‘Chuvash’ is concerned, it appears in the written sources only since the 16th century. Since a long time ago the scientists have been discussing the question about the origin of the Chuvash people. Various theories were advanced on this problem. Thus the ancestors of the Chuvash people were considered the following nations: the Khazars, the Burtas, the Huns, the Finno-Ugric peoples, the Ancient Avars, the Sumerians, the Volga Suvar-Bulgars and so on. xn--80ad7bbk5c.xn--p1ai/en/content/brief-history-suvar-bulgars

@@IcefromtheUS Высказывания учёных историков о Булгарском происхождении чуваш. На снимке: Женские костюмы волжских болгаро-чувашей X-XIII вв. Художественная реконструкция Е. Енькка "Чуваши являются прямыми потомками волжских булгар, у которых соприкосновение с мусульманской культурой могло быть лишь весьма поверхностным". Золтан Гомбоц. "Основным языком в Волжской Булгарии был булгарский язык- прямой и непосредственный предок современного чувашского языка, содержащий его характерные фонетико-морфологические особенности".В.П.Иванов. "Язык чувашского типа в Волжской Булгарии играл роль государственного языка, использовался в делопроизводстве, управлении, образовании, богослужении, торговле, межэтнических отношениях". В.Ф.Каховский. "Чувашский язык не смешан с финно-угорскими". Мартти Рясянен. "Булгарское наречие было историческим предшественником современного чувашского языка". Кляшторный,Султанов. "Чувашский язык сохранил главнейшие фонетические черты болгарского языка". М.Р.Федотов. "Я- сторонник считать чувашей потомками булгар по языку".С.Е.Малов. "Современный чувашский народ сформировался на базе не принявшего ислам булгарского населения". В.П.Иванов. "Чуваши потомки волжских булгар.Чуваши на Средней Волги жили задолго до нападения татар.Дунайские хаган-болгары и Кубанские чёрные болгары связаны с ними". А.А.Куник. - Венгерский учёный Б. Мункачи, на основе сведений, собранных им в ходе научной экспедиции в чувашские селения Симбирской и Казанской губерний, опубликовал три статьи о болгаро-чувашских словах в венгерском языке и подтвердил выводы академика А. А. Куника. "Болгары говорили на чувашском языке, в Волжской Булгарии государственным языком был чувашский язык. Прямыми потомками волжских болгар являются только чуваши". В.Д.Димитриев. "Происхождение чувашей нужно связывать прежде всего с эсегелями-булгарами и суварами". А.П.Смирнов. -О суварском происхождении чувашей писал и Н. Я. Марр. При этом он не противопоставлял сувар и булгар, называя их «народом одной породы». "Чувашский язык, который так сильно отличается от остальных тюрко-татарских языков, пренадлежит народу, который со всей уверенностью следует рассматривать в качестве наследников волжских булгар".М.Рясянен. "Чуваши, пережив сложные этнокультурные метаморфозы, сохранили в основе волжско-булгарский язык".Р.Г.Кузеев. "Чуваши- племена волжских булгар".П.И Шафарик. "Знак Древа Жизни- магический символ трехуровневого Мира, часто встречающийся во времена месопотамских государств и отражающий их этническую религию, с удивительным постоянством встречаются на изделиях и вышивках 8-19 веков булгар". Юрий,Сергей Ювенальевы. "Единственным потомком древнего языка булгар является чувашский язык.Часть булгар переселившаяся на Балканы, сохранила своё наименование «болгары», а не язык". Г.Вантер. "Чувашский язык- единственный остаток языка древних гуннов, то есть группы гуннов, которая называла себя булгарами". Г.Рамстедт. "Чуваши,очевидно,являются одной из ближайщих ветвей племён гуннов". Широ Хаттори. "Древние корни чувашей- гунны".В.Бартольд. "Промежуточным народом между древними гуннами и сегодняшними чувашами являются булгары". Н.И.Ашмарин. "В Хазарии основным языком был пришедший туда с гуннами тюркский язык.Сохранившийся до сегодняшнего времени часть его-чувашский язык". М.И.Артамонов. "Хазары этнически ближе всего стояли к болгарам". М.И Артамонов. "Тюркоязычные предки современных чуваш были первыми тюркскими племенами, проникшими на территорию Европы. Впоследствии тюркоязычная общность в нижнем течении Волги, по-видимому, распалась на два языка - булгарский и хазарский". Б.А.Серебренников. "Булгары и хазары являются народами одной крови, с одним языком". И.М.Мизиев. "Чуваши по языковому признаку- суть потомки волжских болгар". А.Кондратов. "Чувашский язык- единственный сохранившийся язык булгарской ветви". М.И.Скворцов. "Первый узел обоих наших генеалогических древ - это отделение чувашского от других языков, обычно определяемое как отделение булгарской группы". А.В.Дыбо. В написанном в 1904 г. труде «Волжские болгары» И. Н. Смирнов пришел к выводу, что болгарский язык - древнечувашский язык, Волжская Болгария - древнечувашское государство, болгарская культура - древнечувашская культура. В 1897 г. финский учёный Х. Паасонен издал труд «Тюркские слова в мордовском языке», в котором рассматривал главным образом чувашские заимствования, свидетельствующие о болгарском влиянии. - В 1903 г. финский лингвист Ю. Вихман опубликовал исследование «Чувашские слова в пермских языках», в котором показал огромное болгарское влияние на хозяйство, быт, культуру и государственную организацию общества удмуртов и коми-зырян. Профессор Казанского университета И. Н. Смирнов в книге «Черемисы» исследовал заимствованные восточными и западными марийцами чувашские слова. В выводах от указал, что болгарский язык соответствовал чувашскому языку, что в Волжской Болгарии сложилась болгарская цивилизация, оказавшая огромное этнокультурное влияние на марийцев. "Вниз по реке Волге чуваши, древние болгары, наполняли весь уезд Казанской и Симбирской. Чуваши, народ болгарской, около Казани. Вниз по Каме жили биляры, или болгары, и чолматы… ныне остатки их чуваша, которых и вниз по Волге довольно. Оставшие болгарские народы чуваша". В.Н.Татищев, учёный историк. vk.com/wall-58247093_4977