What’s Your Brain’s Role in Creating Space & Time?
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Physics is the business of figuring out the structure of the world. So are our brains. But sometimes physics comes to conclusions that are in direct conflict with concepts fundamental to our minds, such as the realness of space and time. How do we tell who’s correct? Are time and space objective realities or human-invented concepts?
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@wetbobspongepants Рік тому
To me, space and time are relative, the more time I spend with my relatives the more space I need
@CanariasCanariass Рік тому
Good one🤣🤣
@macdhomhnaill7721 Рік тому
Most sensible comment here!
@inukshuksixtyfour1164 Рік тому
Lolol....😉
@MCsCreations Рік тому
Well, family is just those who you love and live with you, which includes pets and excludes most relatives. You're welcome. 😉
@KeithCooper-Albuquerque Рік тому
@@MCsCreations I couldn't agree more!
@GraveUypo Рік тому
it fascinates me how us, the result of these processes, are here trying to figure out the processes, through the processes themselves. it's like an AI looking at its own code while it executes
@Tethloach1 Рік тому
Kind of like an NPC trying to understand the code and the external world. I find the idea of this life not being my first, as absurd as question if it is real. I don't know, it is unbelievable may even be absurd, but makes for a useful analogy.
@23Fibonacci Рік тому
Recursion theory
@NeonVisual Рік тому
What's really going to bake your noggin is how the universe can spontaneously become self aware from 8 billion different perspectives, and none of those perspectives realise that they are the universe looking back on itself as separate entities despite being made of 100% universe.
@noahbrimhall3370 Рік тому
Imagine you program a video game and one day you notice the NPCs measuring the monitor frame rate and resolution
@fensoxx Рік тому
@@noahbrimhall3370 there’s a ChatGPT insight in there somewhere
@vvdv99 Рік тому
As a neuroscientist interested in physics, this episode was a marvelous meeting of worlds. The finding that hippocampal space/time navigation resides in the same area that governs episodic memory may be especially revealing about how humans think and experience the world/universe.Great explanation and graphics, as usual, but now closer to “home”. Many thanks, Matt and Spacetime.
@richardvanwinkle2744 Рік тому
I have trigeminal neuralgia. May I please have a word?
@Skywalker21O Рік тому
Hi, are there any books you would recommend on neuroscience? Probably low level but I’ve read a couple of David eaglemans books 🤷♂️ ty
@vvdv99 Рік тому
Check out books by Gyorgy Buzsaki, Eric Kandell or Dean Buonomano. Academic intro books are good but more geared towards undergrad students.
@Skywalker21O Рік тому
@@vvdv99 wow these look super interesting thank you very much! 💙
@ericg2666 Рік тому
Makes me wonder if memories are simply records of which neurons were firing at a given time.
@HeavyMetalMouse Рік тому
I have once heard it said, "If the brain were simple enough that we could easily understand how it functions, then the brain would be be too simple to be able to understand how it functions." I feel like we're always fighting against this sort of thing whenever we try to understand how we process some form of information in a detailed way, and it is endlessly fascinating. :)
@photinodecay Рік тому
This is a conjectured corollary of Gödel's incompleteness theorem.
@vladimirseven777 Рік тому
There is bunch of mess inside. Imagine some AI that cannot remember what happened several hours ago - it will be typical brain.
@RoelThijs Рік тому
What if multiple people each figure out part of a brain and then put their notes together?
@photinodecay Рік тому
@@RoelThijs The idea is that the logic that defines how a brain fully works is not something that a human brain can express.
@im_piano Рік тому
There's lots of rather complex phenomena that we understand only on the scientific level, that is not a common knowledge. Even more, some knowledge (if not most of it) to be properly understood must be written down. So I'd say that understanding something is mostly a function of a brain + paper or other medium that stores information. I don't see why brain couldn't be understood the same way.
@unvergebeneid Рік тому
While playing Hyperbolica, a game set in non-Euclidean spaces that will absolutely break your brain, I looked some of this stuff up to see if the grid cells were hard-wired from birth to a Euclidean plane or if they just formed this way during brain development because that maps to our experience. What I found seems to indicate that it is the former. Much to my dismay, however, nobody ever did an experiment on mice where they would wear tiny VR goggles from birth that simulate hyperbolic space. Until someone does, we don't seem to know for certain.
@KevinBeavers Рік тому
I believe an experiment has been done where someone wore a headset that flipped everything upside down, and over time the subject's brain was able to flip it the right way again. I'm guessing if we had to settle a colony in an alternate and hyperbolic universe, we would adapt, but it would never be ideal. So a little bit hard wired for euclidean space, and a little flexibility to adapt to non-euclidean, at least somewhat, would be my guess.
@kaitlyn__L Рік тому
And I think some people are more tolerant than others, Antichamber literally made me freak out while with friends it was just harder work for them to keep track of the connections in, like, a secondary mental plane or something. I felt completely unmoored.
@JohnDlugosz Рік тому
@@kaitlyn__L I think our ability to understand and track connections _in general_ of abstract things draws upon parts of the brain originally used for navigating space, but is clearly not limited to Euclidian space.
@antonystringfellow5152 Рік тому
@@KevinBeavers Good question and some good replies so far. I think Kevin probably has it right - it's not one or the other but a bit of both. Natural selection ise a pretty good optimiser. Brains use energy and the benefits they bring have to be worth the expense. Brains have evolved to bring us the maximum benefit at minimum (energy) cost so it's not about how closely our mental models resemble reality but how well they enable us to reproduce (people often mention survival but it all boils down to one thing - reproduction). Understanding the fundamental realities of this uiverse simply wasn't necessary for our hunter-gatherer ancestors.
@unvergebeneid Рік тому
@@KevinBeavers the upside-down thing has nothing to do with non-Euclidean geometry though, so I don't think we can derive any conclusions from that.
@psychoedge Рік тому
I love these episodes that cross into other fields of science and prepare us for even weirder fundamental information
@SeanONilbud Рік тому
Physics is everything.
@yitzakIr Рік тому
This channel still feels like they’re trying to softly break some big news
@custos3249 Рік тому
Meh. Without hard evidence actionable in some way, still just philosophy.
@Syncrotron9001 Рік тому
You want weird information? Ive got it.
@watcherofvideoswasteroftim5788 Рік тому
@@SeanONilbud And at the same time it's no-thing
@samuelwu6262 8 місяців тому
OK it's 5 months later now, are we ever going to get back to finishing up this series on the demise of space and time?
@jakeireland6810 Рік тому
This episode is picking apart the fabric of reality at the most profound and mind-expanding level.
@hackman669 Рік тому
All I could think about is... 🐈😻🐈⬛😺🐱😸🐈😻🐈⬛😺🐱😸🐈😻🐈⬛😺🐱😸🐈😻🐈⬛😺🐱😸🐈😻
@Jm-wt1fs Рік тому
I love the direction this channel has taken and how Matt has grown into one of the best science communicators of our time
@dntfrthreapr Рік тому
I wish he pronounced "human" like Carl Sagan though
@anthonye7216 Рік тому
Yes, actual information is presented instead of sanitized and repetitive, sensational babble and talking down.
@smartyy86 Рік тому
and deeper into the rabbit hole we go! thank you PBS and Matt for this awesome journey over the last years
@jaz4742 Рік тому
Brok was right. "It's not the shape of the thing that matters. It's the nature of the thing"
@supersonictumbleweed Рік тому
Here's to a six hundred more!
@LuisSierra42 Рік тому
space is not real, it's a government conspiracy
@firingroom1954 Рік тому
This is the Rabbit Hole of Holes: The only place Spacetime exists is in the Brain! DoD dismissed Spacetime during SDI STAR WARS for the Vacuum Ambient EM Field Inertial Dipole aka Graviton Theory now used at US Navy NAWCAD UAP Propulsion Labs for decades! The Ambient EM Field is made of Planck sized Inertial Dipoles called Gravitons by Salvatore Pais one of many HFGWG Drive Inventor at the US Navy NACAD UAP Ambient EM Field Inertial Dipole Densification Drives that "liquify" of densify the Ambient EM Field to the point that they can operate at 10^9 Tesla condensing AT LEAST 10^35 GRAVITONS (Mass between 10^(-68) kg and 10^(-78) kg and more likely 10^(-78) kg in a particle with a volume of slightly less than lp^3 or the Plank length cubed. Read Salvatore's Patents specifically about Gravitons. They confirmed Graviton during the SDI Star Wars Weapons research of the 1980s and 1990s.
@sdwone Рік тому
Indeed! And perhaps the rabbit hole goes deep enough to become higher dimensional! If we do indeed live in a higher dimensional construct, but can only perceive and comprehend a small slither of this hyper-world, that could also explain why our grasp on spacetime is fundamentally flawed! In any case, Physics continues to be an exciting... Ever evolving subject! And long may that continue!!!
@chesterhackenbush Рік тому
Sometimes these videos go beyond informative and entertaining, utterly amazing. Pure magic.
@erdemmemisyazici3950 Рік тому
This episode has delved more into philosophy than it appeared to be I thought. Some basic questions remain such as, "what is an observer?" If I had a matter anti-matter bomb with the trigger tied to a beam splitter at 50% 50% chance, let's say we got the "don't explode" result. What happens to the entropy of the "do explode" result? Start there and add to it the fact that you could be a brain in a jar. If the mechanisms we can interact with doesn't already tell us that we do know that we can induce sensory information directly upon the brain. If we did so continuously since birth, that may just be a reality you come to expect. I could very well not exist at all and you are actually testing a device that makes you appear like a 3+1 dimensional creature at the end of your "life" you take off. Perhaps everyone else on the planet is just there for the immersion effect for this 3+1 simulatior for the 5 dimensional brain in a jar. Maybe reality in that sense consists of something other than symmetry, or units. You can concieve it somehow, it could be, but it probably isn't because you appear to be a mammal just like every other primate with varying degrees of consciousness. No one is truly certain, that you can be certain of. Also what's up with chirality, CP violation and the 2nd law of thermodynamics? Why all electrons around stuff? Why is that one cobalt isotope decaying that way in the Wu experiment? That seems to be directly related to stuff happening at all if of course I am this simple primate in the first place. 🤔 I am certain of the uncertainty principle though. If symmetry isn't virtual and merely induced. I guess it will all make sense when I'm 100 years old in a coffin.... wait... no that's correct.
@hackman669 Рік тому
Just like Readibg Rainbow 🌈 or Magic School Bus. Both shows expanded the mind through exploring the natural world 🌎
@macronencer Рік тому
Wow, the neuroscience in this was astonishing. I hadn't heard of half the research you referenced. Amazing! I think this also says something about those memory techniques some people use to memorize decks of cards by associating each one with a location on a memorized walk through an imaginary building...
@markhathaway9456 Рік тому
magic castle
@BrandNewByxor Рік тому
The hexagonal grid cells and place cells are fascinating. I love when "intelligence" gets broken down into simple rules that make me feel like a biological computer, makes me worry less about the bigger picture
@jeremyspensieve Рік тому
Hexagons are the best-a-gons
@thitherword Рік тому
So, you like being reduced to a series of chemical processes? How degrading. You must see nothing wrong with reductivism, logical positivism and scientism then.
@BrandNewByxor Рік тому
@@thitherword I don't know what those things are and I don't feel like I've been "reduced" from anything that was greater than I am now
@GrunOne Рік тому
@@thitherword Here another human imagines they are somehow superior to the rest of the universe (while being made of it), created for a purpose, and have a fate to fulfill.
@thitherword Рік тому
@@GrunOne Couldn't be further from the truth. My entire channel is dedicated to ecocentrism and non-anthropocentrism. I'm not religious. I just don't agree with machine metaphors and reducing everything down to their component parts. As Wittgenstein said, physiological life isn't life.
@larkstonguesinaspic4814 Рік тому
I knew at some point this channel would have to dive into neuroscience. Really after all this whole reality is being experienced this way through our brains. I truly believe the key to understanding reality, aside from physics, is understanding the brain and consciousness. Which we know very little about.
@aquacruisedb Рік тому
I echo this sentiment completely. I got into lucid dreaming about 7 months ago which blew my mind and got me really thinking about how all of science is subjective on human consciousness, and can only be conducted through the lens of human experience... when you experience a proper lucid dream it makes you really realise that the entire human experience is a construct of the mind. Not saying there isn't an underlying reality, just that our experienced reality isn't it. If when the lights are out, you're asleep, and all 5 senses are switched off, and yet you can experience a conscious reality of space and time equally as real as waking life, then that sort of gives the game away!
@kaitlyn__L Рік тому
@@aquacruisedb that reminds me of my criticism of Plato back when I was in school. Plato said that we need to move beyond the “false information” gleaned from our senses, and move instead to the “true information“ from logic and thought. But there is no way to separate any human experience from our physical senses, as even our thought is a kind of physical sense, just a microscopic one. We cannot remove ourselves from our human biases.
@leosmith848 Рік тому
@@kaitlyn__L Well that is why people invented things like transcendental meditation. and shamanistic rituals. To cease becoming a human being and become an implacable consciousness, and thereby get enlightened,,
@antonystringfellow5152 Рік тому
Something for guys in the AI field to think about too! If anyone is looking to create an AI that can help us learn more about the Universe, they may want to consider whether simply trying to copy the human brain is the best way to go. Our brains have evolved to process the maximum useful information at minimum possible energy cost. That is information that helped our ancestors to survive and reproduce as hunter-gatherers. We don't have quite the same goals nor the same constraints. Hopefully, this is already being taken into account.
@808bigisland Рік тому
Not neurological. Simply a social construct.
@coldlogik9159 Рік тому
The more I learn about the brain, the more astounding similarities I find between a brain and a modern CPU. There is a distinct memory architecture, lots of clocks with their respective domains and frequencies, and now I've found out that a brain has, basically, hardware acceleration for mapping sequences, which gets used to do all sorts of things. Fascinating.
@theredditreadout 11 місяців тому
Very true. I find myself thinking of the brain more and more as just a meat computer every day. Really pushes the limits on what I would consider alive, In regards to AI and stuff
@328yfg30 4 місяці тому
AI is a product ultimately of our creation, we are its creators. So its not surprising its similar to how we work. We understand principles and delibrately implement them in computing.
@blackflare Рік тому
On the subject of timekeeping, I've always made a game of guessing how much time has passed since I last looked at a clock, or alternatively, guessing when a timer I set is going to end. The interesting part is its totally unconscious. I've trained myself in the sense that I like to keep trying to do it, but the mechanism itself is opaque. I can set a timer for 45 minutes, and I'll forget about it, and then suddenly have a feeling like "I wonder if that timer is getting close to going off, its been awhile" and then it will go off 10 seconds later. I feel like this is something we ought to explore more, at the very least in a spiritual or meditative way, attempting to form a closer bond with our body, interfacing with these hidden systems that most of us aren't very aware of.
@NefariousKoel Рік тому
The ability of the subconscious mind is pretty amazing. I also regularly set timers, forget about them, and know within about 5 to 10 percent of the elapsed time. Another thing is "sleeping on it" when I can't find a solution to a problem while actively thinking on it for a long time. After concentrating on something for awhile, and failing, your subconscious can still work on a solution while you're doing and thinking on other things. I've spent hours trying to fix something to no avail, then decided to take a break and do other stuff, or sleep on it, and the solution appeared to me within a few minutes after waking up or after some time elsewhere. Nowadays, when I'm trying to remember a name I know is somewhere deep in my memory, for example, I stop trying to actively think about it after a few seconds. Not very long after, that info will pop right into my head as if out of nowhere while I'm on to thinking and doing other things. Probably for similar reasons, I always found it easier to memorize stuff by studying before bedtime. It's as if, by doing so, I set my subconscious mind to imprinting that for awhile. I've seen recommendations regarding such study before sleep and, in my experience, it does help.
@RussianSevereWeatherVideos Рік тому
Our bodies do have an internal timer though. Sometimes it can be quite reliable and I'm sure we can train it up.
@SkullHyphy Рік тому
I can usually guess almost exactly what time it is whenever I wake up.
@DarkAngelEU Рік тому
I have a very accurate internal clock. I always pick up my phone at 11.28am. Literally, always. Must be a bug lol
@pnktrky Рік тому
@@NefariousKoel the best way to study is to pause mid study and do nothing and/or add adrenaline right after you want to learn so something. The sudden stop mid study doesn't stop your brain from thinking about what you were doing and your brain fires the dame neurons needed for the task at 50 times speed and in reverse by stopping mid thing your trying to learn, yay neuroscience. Your body is built to remember moments of danger aka adrenalin rushes. In the olden times they would teach kids then toss them in rivers, that apparently was quite effective at teaching them quickly although I'm certain there were other issues with that teaching method lol
@biggles1852 Рік тому
Automated mapping is based on relationships between origin and destination so the relational view makes sense (topology). I love also how we can not only mentally map our world, but also worlds in media, from a real, first person, third person, or bird’s eye perspective. Or from a story someone has told us, we can imagine and generate a mental map
@erdemmemisyazici3950 Рік тому
I think it varies person to person. I can for example always tell time within an hour without a watch or clock but leave me 20 miles away from home and I need a map to get back.
@satanofficial3902 Рік тому
"Once you go full rhombicosidodecahedron, you never go back." ---Albert Einstein
@Haskellerz Рік тому
In robotics, we primarily use relative changes in positions and velocities for calculating current positions. However, relative positing systems often drift. To counter this, we use absolute position landmarks to remove drift and calibrate the correct positions. Probably, our brains use both relative and absolute positions are needed to get the most accurate positions because each system alone has its flaws, but together they are way better.
@dmitriiefimov2134 Рік тому
@@Haskellerz think of a brain as of a negative-feedback system. We observe those everywhere around us in an engineering world, right? Why is our brain of any difference? We are just sensori-motor interfaces, after all. And those systems are incredibly effective in not just to converge, but they impose a "flexible adaptive threshold" - imho, that's the feature can tackle the problem, you mentioned.
@DarkAngelEU Рік тому
I was thinking the same, while I'm reading a book, I don't really care about these restraints of space and time. The narrator could tell me anything and I simply fill in the gaps for myself. Yet I know there are people who struggle deeply with this (aphantasia for example), so I guess it's part of the imagination rather than tapping into "the fifth dimension of the Universe" or some other ethereal crap a spiritual guru will try and rub on me before he starts selling his workshops to develop my cosmic abilities even further lol
@ardiris2715 Рік тому
I minored in German Literature just to read Leibniz, Kant and Einstein in their original German. This is the fun stuff. Piaget is also a good read as he approaches all this from a psychological perspective. (:
@peachy7776 Рік тому
I hope you read Nietzsche too
@ardiris2715 Рік тому
@TheEasternQ You would know. LOL
@PeterGaunt Рік тому
What an interesting series you have started. I'm an old man now but as a kid and teenager physics was my main love. I manged well with it up until A-level (UK exams seen as essential for going to university) but I knew I didn't have the maths to study it at university and chose to do biology instead. The interview at the uni I went to was with a prof who was a renowned neurologist. I didn't know this at the time and when he asked what topic fascinated me I said 'The brain'. I've tried to keep up with biology and physics over the years, and find thinking about areas of overlap a way of keeping my brain active. Keep up the good work.
@the.passive.observer Рік тому
What a lovely comment. Keep those up :)
@stephenbell4437 10 місяців тому
Thank you for this fascinating presentation of new thoughts on space / time and the brain. Apart from opening up new ideas and concepts for me, your presentation skills are exceptional. I scraped a BSc. Physical Electronics fifty years ago and wish I'd had you on the lecturing team. Great stuff.
@stevec7923 Рік тому
A video spanning physics, philosophy, and neural science. Excellent work!
@Che8t Рік тому
God, I love this channel so much. I just love having my brain blown away. Running headfirst into the limit of our collective understanding of the universe and daring to peak over the edge. This stuff just makes me feel so alive and connected to everything around me.
@i1a2159 Рік тому
I've got to say, I really enjoy these videos that incorporate physics with philosophical ideas. They are beginning to be some of my favorite videos!
@RR-qp4kp Рік тому
Agreed. Been watching for years but particularly loved this video
@MCsCreations Рік тому
Agreed as well. PBS Philosophy ❤️
@amartyapandey7060 Рік тому
If you are interested and still have not read "The Case Against Reality" , it is worth checking out.
@HoD999x Рік тому
i'd like to see an apisode on "how can we have consciousness when "now" is only a planck time long and each quark only sees its immediate neighbors"
@urusledge Рік тому
Not sure what philosophy is discussed here...
@goltltamas Рік тому
In the recent years I listen to Sean Carroll, Daniel Denett, Robert Sapolsky, Brian Green, Arvin Ash, Mark Solms, Lawrence Krauss, Andrew Huberman and you Matt. Nowdays I have a strange feeling that I start to see a complex big picture about what real is and how it works… THANK YOU GUYS!!!
@xanthoptica Місяць тому
Like your list, but Huberman is *way* too credulous for me.
@Parssel Рік тому
As a Kantian philosophy graduate I’ve been waiting decades for this update. Thank you so much. Fascinating. Looking forward to your future speculations on Kant’s noumena.
@Linguae_Music Рік тому
The part about the place cells and grid cells reminds me of the mechanism by which psychedelics may disintegrate the perception of space and time at high doses. I want to see a study of place/grid cell's behavior in the presence of high DMT concentrations. That would be interesting!
@BrandNewByxor Рік тому
Very cool idea. People talk about being blasted into the center of the universe, a consistent experience among those who take it. I wonder what's going on there.
@Linguae_Music Рік тому
@@BrandNewByxor For me, I think it felt more like being dissolved? Like everything fragmented and suddenly I was in a non-euclidean space. With no connection to my body. It felt extremely familiar, like I'd been there before but I couldn't remember it. There was an opening into a deeper place, and something called to me from it to come inside, but then I regained connection to my body :P That was two big hits, but the real blast off is supposed to be 3 big hits, so I didn't get as deep into it. There is a lot of hippie magic-wumbo surrounding the topic, but I think we could figure out a lot about how we neurologically construct our realities by studying these kinds of states.
@dangerfly Рік тому
@@BrandNewByxor How about narcissism? What else would explain the belief that they're at the center of the universe?
@Schattenhall Рік тому
@@dangerfly What else? Uhm I don't know....maaaaaaaaybe the DMT?
@apophenic_ Рік тому
@@Linguae_Musicyou spend a third of your life sleeping. Your dreams are probably why that state feels vaguely familiar. You do it all the time.
@fafnir2717 Рік тому
Matt is one of the greatest professors of our time. It's always a pleasure to watch his show.
@kdhavle Рік тому
Our time and space. Don't forget the space.
@EvillClown11 Рік тому
Of our… spacetime
@brahimouahab3022 Рік тому
@@EvillClown11 yes bro hhhh
@gregor-samsa Рік тому
Gantefoer ist better
@brahimouahab3022 Рік тому
@@sk8n854 yes i agree
@sy20000 Рік тому
These videos are lullaby to me. I play it in background and this is the fastest way for me to sleep
@homeworkshopengineering Рік тому
My simplistic and emotional view is that we are trying to understand things with the thing that doesn’t understand. We will always find the answers we seek because we created the questions. Everything we try to understand is worked on the bias and terms we created.
@Aut0mati0n Рік тому
What a great episode! I love the biology stuff. Thinking about biology and physics overlap is super cool. More of this please!
@aididdat1749 Рік тому
I was impressed that the concepts of absolute time and space are how our brain works. This is why Newton's ideas are so clear whereas Leibniz' ideas require us to take mushrooms
@antonystringfellow5152 Рік тому
@@aididdat1749 😂😂😂
@babynautilus Рік тому
something else that's interesting, single-celled organisms are very good at navigating their environment! able to "learn", "remember", and "problem solve" in their own sort of way, somehow forming from their complicated and always changing internal structure. biology is extremely cool!!
@MrHkl8324 Рік тому
There is no biology. Biology is just a virtual concept.
@MCsCreations Рік тому
PBS Philosophy? Loved it! Either way, I would love an episode about the possible find of a second time dimension and what it would imply.
@supersonictumbleweed Рік тому
More like PBS Neurology or PBS Earth Behaviorology
@maak6270 Рік тому
I read that if faster-than-light particles were allowed, they would have to exist in 1 dimension of space and 3 dimensions of time. Whatever it means ;)
@MCsCreations Рік тому
@@maak6270 Don't look at me, dude. I'm lost as well. 😬
@mattpickering4223 Рік тому
Time can’t have more dimensions than 1. I am pretty sure. It’s literally our way of giving a mathematical unit to the idea that we’re progressing forward thru space. That’s not to say it can’t be stretched and warped but it still Marches forward into the future.
@stevewhitt9109 Рік тому
or hawking's negative time?
@mattlawyer3245 Рік тому
As a mathematician I am involved in some pretty abstract reasoning, with logical structure at the core of everything I do. I often find that my path through "logic space" brings up images of physical structures whose nature I cannot quite put into words, but which undeniably feel like physical structures. Thus, though I rarely verbalize the analogy, there is a very strong analogy between logical structure and physical structure in my mind when I think through arguments. Then, you come along and say that the sequential structure of the brain which is used to map out space may have been co-opted for abstract reasoning. I guess I'm not crazy after all! I wonder how many others get the same sensations as they think through logical arguments?
@JoshuaGohOS Рік тому
Matt, this is amazingly well put together. We've been dealing with these issues in the lab, and the graphics and distilled delivery by you and your team really hits home. Thanks for this awesome work!
@ChosunOne Рік тому
Another lovely episode! Really love the inclusion of Kant as a way of uniting philosophy and physics.
@The757packerfan Рік тому
As an objectivist, I hated it ;)
@E9Project Рік тому
Thank you Matt and everyone involved for all that you have done over the years. I can not accurately put into words what your effort means. Thank you :) ❤️
@lupriest6253 Рік тому
[30] And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent: [31] Because he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness by that man whom he hath ordained; whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead
@TheNidies Рік тому
This is seriously such a good series. Thank you for all the work that you guys do educating and entertaining us all.
@TheDanieldineen Рік тому
Long time lurker here, I'm a cognitive scientist and I'd like to direct you towards Hubel and Wiesel's (1964) experiment with kittens to reinforce the relational aspect, the second kitten never developed the ability to recognize space/proprioception or to 'see'. It supports the relational model! But the debate is far from settled and the whole idea of internal representations is far from settled too (I'm from the school of 4E cognition wouldn't you know!). I wrote a blog post series on the hard problem of consciousness using the Everett interpretation (in my grad student days) that I can share if anyone is interested in the ramblings of a music therapist turned cognitive scientist... 😅😅😅 Love the channel and keep up the fantastic work!
@lorpen4535 Рік тому
This actually reminds me a lot of the movie "Arrival". Training your brain into experiencing time as a whole, and not as linear path.
@stdev. Рік тому
That was a surprisingly good movie!
@markiv2942 Рік тому
Yes, funny fairy tale.
@kulled Рік тому
@@markiv2942 yes as per it being a movie. why are you so enthusiastic about pointing out that it's not real? lmfao
@pyropulseIXXI Рік тому
The brain isn't being trained; it is 'you,' your pure consciousness. The brain is merely an interface for consciousness to interact with a physical world. Without a brain, you would exist in a timeless void subject to pure thought.
@Al-xq4ec Рік тому
@@pyropulseIXXI any proof of what you saying?
@Deipnosophist_the_Gastronomer Рік тому
I have audited my brain and come to the conclusion that the universe is far too complicated for me to have invented it. 😅
@watamatafoyu Рік тому
That's OK, I invented it to have you do that in it.
@xenorac Рік тому
@@watamatafoyu True story, I saw them do it!
@Ukrainian__Patriot Рік тому
I helped Wadderfock build it but he wants all the credit.
@patinho5589 Рік тому
But you’re God , so you did.
@leosmith848 Рік тому
God was invented for people like you.
@TerryBollinger Рік тому
Matt O'Dowd, thank you for this marvelously done video! Anyone interested in or researching bio-inspired cognition should watch this since you gave a better intro grid and place cells than most research reviews I've seen. Great work!
@EEEdoman Рік тому
This is a particularly profound episode, looking forward to future follow ups!
@ziasteele9332 Рік тому
This might be the single most mind blowing video you’ve made to date. Theories about space and time being emergent have always felt sort of distant, described in terms of minute subatomic particles or infinitely distant extremal boundaries, but this video makes me feel like the space between my eyes and the phone I’m typing this on is nothing more than a convenient perceptual illusion. Since watching this, it feels different to just focus my eyes to make out objects at different distances.
@markiv2942 Рік тому
If so, you're just losing your mind. It doesn't matter what your brain think, the world is still there with our without your brains.
@officialmusictracks Рік тому
check donald hoffman ideas
@jimicunningable Рік тому
it's pure magical thinking
@officialmusictracks Рік тому
@@jimicunningable it might be the path forward. naive to think the brain does not take shortcuts when we already know it does
@DarkAngelEU Рік тому
@@officialmusictracks It definitely isn't, because smartphones didn't come dropping out of the air when someone thought of them. All this science stuff is really neat to think about, but you have to keep reminding yourself that it won't change a thing about the reality we live in, as it only seeks to describe its origins and how we relate to it. What OP describes is simply a meditation exercise that focuses on the optics of his eyes. He's not "breaking the Matrix" lol
@leosmith848 Рік тому
Excellent summary of Cartesian materialism versus Kant's transcendental Idealism. This is why metaphysics is so important to science.
@Theodorus5 Рік тому
Which part was that
@dominikbeitat4450 Рік тому
This is amazing! Some time ago (I think...), someone told me about ADHD and why it gets treated with amphetamines, of all things. Now, before that it just seemed counterintuitive to me, why someone who's already hyper needed more speed. They described it as the brain running on different clocks, just like in the video. If those clocks are out of sync, it creates the mess that is ADHD, and apparently amphetamines help boosting the clocks that are running behind, after careful finetuning. Also, those clocks remind me of what Ernst Mach said about the "divided" individual. "The I cannot be rescued."
@markhathaway9456 Рік тому
Does this mean ADHD is related to autism?
@dominikbeitat4450 Рік тому
@@markhathaway9456 Sorry, but on that topic, you'd be better off asking a professional, probably a neurologist. That "someone" I mentioned is a patient themselves. It's just that it made so much sense to me then, and how well it correlates with what I see coming from other ADHD patients.
@celticcook3950 Рік тому
@@markhathaway9456 what makes you say that? Autism and ADHD symptoms do overlap.
@apolloeosphoros4345 Рік тому
People with the ADHD-Inattentive subtype do not present as "hyper", although that's definitely true of the (much more popularly stereotyped) Hyperactive subtype. ADHD is treated with stimulants due to the effects they have on dopamine (and possibly other neurotransmitters) which seems to play a core role in motivation, and critically, attention As someone with ADHD-I, I've suspected for a while that the way my brain models concepts and relations between them is also somehow different. It's very interesting to learn from this video that there is literally hardware in the brain providing sequence modelling capability. Perhaps this means ADHD involves actual structural differences in brain cells and that it's possible to detect them with a scan? Might also explain ADHD's heredity
@carlyxnichole Рік тому
Love this connection because as I watched this video, I was connecting the dots between my poor perception of time, poor depth perception, and poor spatial mapping and ADHD diagnosis. Finding out that those are all using the same system makes a LOT of sense as to why I struggled with all 3 at about the same level of struggle. Tying this into the amphetamines regulating the clock makes a whole lotta sense too.
@jimfliess7374 Рік тому
Hi Matt. I think this is the first time I've commented, but that's because of a point I want to make. We watch PBS Space Time on our home televisions via Roku. I don't think Roku, or other smart TV operating systems, have a way to access comments. At least not that I'm aware of. Anyway, great program. We look forward to every new episode. I think that I'm what Don Lincoln might call a "physics fan". That is, I want to have the fun of learning how my world works without having to do any of the hard work. And watching it with a simple remote, and no keyboard, makes it possible to be a couch potato and a physics fan simultaneously. So don't forget us couch potatoes when making your shows! Thank you for all your effort.
@dmitriiefimov2134 Рік тому
I'm working in the field of AGI for the last 10 years, and we are tightly dealing with Computational Neurobiology. Matt, at 7:15 you covered the Allocentric-Egocentric duality problem. In literature there is a term "path integration". We believe that it is a more general process of mapping external space to a graph representation - "general integration", and that's the Holy Grail for those trying to decipher our brain circuitry. Grid cells are playing a key role in the math enabling such process. You can look up research paper exploring the toroidal nature of our brain. But the picture is incomplete there - it rather operates in 4 spatial dimensions, more specifically as a SU(2) group.
@leif1075 Рік тому
AGI? Do you work in Alabama? How do you not get bored and depressed if so spending all day in a lab??
@Erik-pu4mj Рік тому
@@leif1075 I would assume he's referring to Artificial General Intelligence, not a specific organization. I would also assume a work-life balance and non-lab workplaces are possible for many scientists.
@gringo1723 Рік тому
To reduce these Mental processes to a GRID avoids facing the complexity of multiple simultaneously occurring processes contributing to real time mapping responses. Seems the description(s) offered try to divide and simplify what in effect is a continuously occurring synthesis of the aggregation of inputs of numerous types and from numerous sources. Thus I'm appreciating Your referencing "path integration", and "graph representation" as handy- still, I believe the toroidal nature of the brain is hugely preferable as a Modeling Tool. Gridding is for the FLAT UNIVERSers.
@leif1075 Рік тому
@@gringo1723 How do you know the brain has a "toroidal" nature and what exactly do you mean by that?
@gringo1723 Рік тому
@@leif1075 easiest way to this knowledge would be for You to research it Yourself; IT's GOOGLE TIME! Good Hunting!
@AnElusiveEntity Рік тому
11:39 Chillingly familiar for those of us with Spatial Sequence Synesthesia. I perplexed my classmates as a child when I asked “what does your number line look like in your head?” only to find out years later that not everyone perceives time and ordered sequences this way. To my mind, the (unit-less) distance and the spatial trajectory taken between ‘now’ and ‘next Monday’ is every bit as ‘real’ as the recalled distance and path taken in my morning commute. Parallels are even present with the ‘scale’ factor. My mental maps for hours of the day, days of the week, and months in a year are discrete and repeatable. I can crudely draw them. These scales unconsciously merge in a dynamic way whenever I’m processing time.
@kaitlyn__L Рік тому
That’s fascinating. I’ve always had trouble keeping track of the relations between places, bad at directions or knowing how long it takes to get somewhere, and similarly my thought has usually been abstract, systems based, and often non-spatial. Flow charts are a lot of mental work for me to decode. Schools teaching number lines baffled me. I had to think about numbers more mechanically and systems-wise, like the mechanism of a clock, or even better a mechanical tape counter or odometer. Relay logic like in an old pinball machine has always been more intuitive to me than logic circuits and a truth table too. But I’ve also found I see a lot of similarities in behaviours of different systems where many people think of them as totally different things. I guess that’s one reason evolution produces all types of thinkers, everyone will come to different ideas from their own perspectives.
@iranjackheelson Рік тому
Hmm.... so is sensing time like experiencing physical distance? which if it is, would be difficult for you to answer because you wouldn't understand how others don't sense time that way. The mind is some amazing stuff
@toughenupfluffy7294 Рік тому
I once had a dream while camping outdoors, sleeping out under the stars. I had become a two dimensional geometric object, a triangle of a certain color, lilac, I think. All around me were other geometric shapes of different colors, all moving around and bumping into me, as if jostling for room. I found myself in panic mode, like a rat trapped in a maze, and I knew I had to solve the puzzle or be forever trapped within the mosaic. I searched around, looking for patterns, until I solved one level, only to find myself in another level, each level more complex than the previous, like steps up into higher and higher dimensions. The activity sped up with each level of achievement, until all the geometric shapes and colors were in a fascinating, colorful whirl. There was a popping noise, and it all finally resolved into a blank state of pure whiteness, my ears ringing. Then I opened my eyes and found myself awake, looking at the incredible grid of the Milky Way and stars above me, the campfire now just a red glow of embers. It was profound, as though I'd seen through into a deeper level of reality than I normally experience in my day to day life. To this day I have no idea what really happened-it was a dream-but I feel that it was my own brain revealing to me the deeper structure of the Universe and my own internal-wait for it-Spacetime.
@oncedidactic Рік тому
Perfect summation of the case as we know it thus far, thanks for your spectacular (and eponymous) work!
@toamastar Рік тому
It's a very interesting question indeed! I wonder how digital and simulated environments like video games could be used to explore these concepts. Are space and time real in digital spaces, like my Minecraft world? I'm not physically moving through space but I know my way around that world despite it not being a physical manifestation. I wonder if VR could be used to study the grid and place cells?
@justaguy-69 Рік тому
read this comment again - and this time insert the word "other" between " I wonder how' and "digital and simulated environments..."🌎😁
@kaitlyn__L Рік тому
That stuff about place cells explains a lot about ADHD tbh, or at least, a lot of the “separate symptoms” seem to correspond to all these various different functions. People with ADHD often struggle to remember the order of steps in directions to a place, AND struggle to piece together the right order of actions for tasks, AND struggle to keep track of intended actions. Not to mention changing room often makes them forget what they were planning to do in the other room, which would also have a direct physical link via those place cells’ activation patterns. Those could all feasibly stem from less-ordered firing of those place cells! I’ve also noticed people with ADHD and autism tend to have easier times visualising higher-dimensional space, such as immediately grasping an animation of a rotating hypercube, which maybe would also have something to do with that mental map created by the place cells? I’m less confident on that one though.
@mattpickering4223 Рік тому
That’s funny I was thinking about same concepts. I am not sure about higher dimensions thing as main function at least on the second part. I was thinking opposite end of the spectrum. Maybe it’s why people with adhd have great long term and/or long term pictoral memory. Which is why it may by proxy help them with imagining higher order dimensional properties. Very interesting view point tho!
@beringarius4065 Рік тому
What is that profile picture from? I have seen it before
@mattpickering4223 Рік тому
@@beringarius4065 HAHA have you now….idk man but that pic is of me. Lol if your a trader you might have seen me post stuff around the interwebs.
@PandemoniumMeltDown Рік тому
This is most interesting, great observations and I can only hope it will lead somewhere!
@beringarius4065 Рік тому
@@mattpickering4223 I was talking to OP lol
@fredtaylor9792 Рік тому
I'm not a scientist nor that smart but my earliest memories include being curious about these fundamental questions. "Horton hears a who" Kickstarted my imagination of space and time like an acid trip.
@bucketofbarnacles Рік тому
What a marvelous episode. A great deal to ponder and learn. Thank you, so much.
@gordonbradbury8996 Рік тому
Good episode Matt! Explaining this in even half understandable concepts and language is a formidable and admirable task. Well done!
@SquareWaveHeaven Рік тому
I think part of the fun of fairground rides is the tickling of these grid cells in our brains, not just the G-forces and senses of physical motion and directional change.
@DoloresLehmann Рік тому
Very, very fascinating. I've been pondering these issues for quite a while now. There's always more to feed the mind.
@epsilonjay4123 Рік тому
I think that time has aspects of it that are both absolute and relational, because there is one direction that time always flows in, and while it may be passing at different rates for those within it, it always flows in the same direction.
@kellydalstok8900 Рік тому
Hence dog years
@templargfx Рік тому
You have an amazing ability to convey these highly complex scientific principals and theories in such a way that we normal people can understand them! This one was fascinating
@GaryMenzel Рік тому
Interestingly enough, I think the explanation about these "sequence" algorithms explains a lot of what I find as a musician and singer/performer. My tempo skills are fairly good (once I lock in a tempo I can maintain it - as a sequence I suppose). Similarly, with lyrics, I often only remember a song once I have the first line - the other lines follow - also like a sequence. It is actually somewhat comforting to know that those things are most likely related to the mechanism you were describing.
@neiel1 Рік тому
Similarly, I immediately associated the place cells to composing with pattern sequencers.
@robertsonplantwalls 2 місяці тому
One of my favorite episodes. Very applicable to wisdom and how to live despite the brevity of being organic
@AGradeNonsense Рік тому
I think it would be really fascinating to see if and how these brain regions changed during sleep. Since sleep seems to be a universal phenomenon, and one in which we create alternative realities, which don’t make sense in the “normal” sense, yet do have their own internal logic and (from my own experience, and that of others) do seem to relate to what has happened in our “normal “reality” it would be fascinating to observe any possible differences in these brain regions during sleep.
@SwedebearSe67 Рік тому
Wow, this totally blows my mind. I can’t wait for the rest of the story.
@user-zk9xx7rb3q Рік тому
It's incredible to me how philosophers like Kant and Schopenhauer grasped this problem so well. I was so sure of the reality of space-time until I read Schopenhauer and his arguments just made perfect sense. I didn't even know Einstein leaned toward this view so much, makes me better understand why the three portraits in his study in the 1920s were Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell and Schopenhauer.
@franck3279 Рік тому
Einstein vue is the consequence of his relativity theories. If two people travel very fast toward each other in spaceships and talk to each other on the radio, they will both hear the other one talk slowly, meaning that instead of just moving at different speed in a common time dimension, they are both moving at the same speed in their own different time dimension.
@leosmith848 Рік тому
@@franck3279 Einstein realized that the constant speed of light relative to the observer meant that time and space could not be the way Newton imagined them. He sacrificed absolute time and the flatness of space to square the circles. Quantum reality requires that we shift them behind a barrier called consciousness. Really all the modern thinking that makes sense is coming round to Kant's model, Karl Poppers analysis of science implicitly endorses it as something not in the world, but in the mind.
@FlyingsCool Рік тому
Wow! I love this... I've been contemplating these concepts since I was a child. I love how you organized this episode. So concise and informative.
@davidkosa Рік тому
We can recognize the beat and tempo of our favorite song instantly, and know if is playing fast or slow. It therefore seems logical to believe that these memories must be calibrated to a master metronome in our brains.
@Zahlenteufel1 Рік тому
PBS SpaceTime meets computational neuroscience. What a time to be alive!
@hawkdriver4428 Рік тому
Awesome stuff! Never stop questioning.
@stupidaf4529 Рік тому
i’ve watched a lot of Spacetime, but this is by far the best topic you’ve ever covered!
@mkree588 Рік тому
The watch and the personal yard sticks killed me! 🤣
@paulathevalley Рік тому
This is the coolest. So exciting to see fundamental shifts in perspective happening right before our eyes.
@KendraAndTheLaw Рік тому
Matt and Sabine need to make a love child.
@kamikeserpentail3778 Рік тому
I'm curious if there have been many studies involving how the brain handles virtual space. As someone who has played a lot of videogames, I get the sense of actually going places while playing, and have used that to go on a virtual walk with my brother using google maps, around a place we lived when we were kids. The idea that our neurons are just looking for patterns very much aligns with the view on language models and other such AI powered content generation that has been taking off recently, and the very reason that some in the field seem to think that if we just made them big enough all kinds of emergent properties would arise, possibly including self awareness. Seems probable that we're just math. We're just so much math that it's overwhelmingly too much math for us to understand, which is why we have certain illusions like free will.
@bigyeticane Рік тому
Wow, what a powerful episode. Thank you very much for producing this vid, everyone.
@cj719521 9 місяців тому
I loved this episode’s dive into experience. Fantastic!
@kristoffscuba5466 Рік тому
Thank you for not putting distracting music or sound scapes in this episode. I found much easier to concentrate on what was being said. 👍
@RubelliteFae Рік тому
👏 This is exactly where I wanted to see this series go~ Love it
@hackman669 Рік тому
To insanity and beyond. 🤗🤯😵😱🥺
@heartofgold5070 Рік тому
I uttered "WOW" aloud a couple of times during this video. Mindbending stuff. Thank you for this experience!
@chrisparsons3545 Рік тому
Great episode! It seems relevant to mention the body of research focused on the cerebellum and its role in action planning and error correction as a part of how motor skills are learned. This proposes a dynamic process whereby we use sensory inputs to create an expectation of action required (e.g. to catch a moving ball) and then correct for perceived errors when we execute the action. This process seems to suggest that our egocentric perception of space and time emerges from a relational perspective - being dependent on the quality of the initial expectations - i.e. speed & direction of the object vs body position and the required action to execute the catch - and then the efficiency of error prediction and correction along the way. I'd love to hear your views on how this process affects our perception of space-time!
@JzL4ShzL Рік тому
I always return to Kant when I ponder subjective experience. It's a pleasure to see these topics given thoughtful treatment, and I appreciate the the connections made with lab experiments to probe these questions. The video presented these ideas with simple but effective breakdowns of the fundamentals. Hope to see more on the subject in the future!
@dr.briandecker496 Рік тому
Nooo it needs light background music like they’ve always had! Maybe just with some new music variety instead of just the same few clips they normally do. All music played quietly and it has to be light listening of course. A few of their recent ones have had no music and they feel super awkward to me
@CleverNeologism Рік тому
The details about the hippocampus being involved in both memory and spatial awareness neatly explains the "method of loci" (i.e. we try to remember things by mentally placing them in a familiar location and then retrieving them from that space... like a mental library) and "story method" (i.e. layout things in time by creating a little story... think xkcd's "correct horse battery staple") techniques. Perhaps by organizing things in an abstract temporal or spatial setting, we are speaking the hippocampus' native language and therefore get better performance out of it?
@kaitlyn__L Рік тому
Also explains forgetting what you intended to do when your location changes, if future intent comes from the same cells as your location tracking
@grayshadowglade Рік тому
I think it depends on the person. For those of us with weird non-linear brains organizing things by time is almost impossible. Ask normal people what they had for dinner each night this week, and you typically get them back in order. Ask someone with ADHD and you get back a jumbled mess of dinners. Being the latter camp myself I find it far easier to remember things based on where then when. So I guess as the saying goes, your mileage may vary? 🙂
@becharasaab9500 Рік тому
Fascinating episode. Very good job on the neuroscience too. Not easy to venture into a new domain, and you did it well.
@blblblb100 11 місяців тому
I absolutely loved this! Thank you so much!
@stevesmith2044 Рік тому
I didn't think I'd have time to watch this, but I think I can
@slmille4 Рік тому
I think this is the first time I've ever seen theta phase precession covered in popular media, great work!!
@deleterium Рік тому
Matt's voice sounds super nice this episode! My thanks to editing team!
@electricmiragemedia Рік тому
Watching science converge with spirituality and psychedelics is exciting
@Keepturbo Рік тому
Timely video, as i also just got done reading "the case against reality: how evolution hid the truth from our eyes" by Donald Hoffman.
@MonkeysEmperor Рік тому
One whole universe that you haven't mentioned is that by the Method of loci it becomes apparent that spatial memory is one of the most powerful memory systems, it can fuse pure spacial information like that of a room or a given picture with anything you can think of, from a shopping list to the complete list of PBS Space Time titles. From there we go into memory palaces and way down another rabbit hole
@jz5005 Рік тому
That’s because of the evolutionary advantage of remembering locations, in particular those key to survival, such as where prey, predators, food, friends & enemies are likely to be found…
@tanguaypaulley5200 Місяць тому
great episode, more in this series please!!
@MrWepps Рік тому
I came to realize this concept while sitting on our front porch, when my ex-wife and I witnessed the same event on our street. When she recounted to me what she saw, it was exactly the opposite of the reality of what just happened. It brought to light many elements in physics and psychiatry in which I was previously unaware.
@GGoAwayy Рік тому
Someday there will be a whole generation that believes Einstein walked around all day with his tongue out.
@draguve3821 Рік тому
It's so interesting that the system described at 5:48 is very similar to the positional encoding described in the paper "Attention is all you need" which describes the transformers that are at the heart of large language models. Seems like the stuff described here must also be the used for understanding languages in our brains as well
@DefenderX Рік тому
Really happy you took up this subject as I commented on this your last video about space and time.
@dogukanmertozgen2621 Рік тому
This series sounds super exciting ! So my question is, does that mean some of our accepted fundamentals about universe, for example causality, may in fact not be fundamental ?
@franck3279 Рік тому
I’d be tempted to say that causality is solid but absolute time more like a local consensus
@ShallowedOutGolf Рік тому
It means consciousness itself is fundamental reality and spacetime is a projection derived from consciousness.
@al3030 Рік тому
Love that you have taken these challenging topics at the frontier of what we know! It is exhilarating to learn about new concepts that scientists and great thinkers are pondering! Please keep exploring the frontiers!!
@enriquefau8974 Рік тому
This is, ironically, mind-blowing
@xaverstenliz8466 Рік тому
this topic is so important in the first place, before we talk about space and time. thx 👍
@Rob_Enhoud Рік тому
I got really high once and thought that the only thing that existed in the universe was my apartment and everything outside I had only imagined.
@leosmith848 Рік тому
And that was in fact the case. At that point.
@TabletTriple9 Рік тому
We are on the verge of a massive new era of thinking, I can feel it. Wish I had the time and intelligence to spend my life working on these questions
@thefungivore 10 місяців тому
Just commit to eat a strong dose of psychedelic mushrooms once a month with a trusted person and safe environment.
@Mitchell52094 Рік тому
Fascinating as always. This made me think immediately about how quantum models break down and change with observation, would love to hear your thoughts on whether our brains aren’t equipped to “produce a reality” at those levels and that’s why things get so weird at a quantum level
@gleedads Рік тому
OK, the rats' brains building a hexagonal grid where specific neurons fire near the lattice points is totally mind-blowing. But once you think about it some more it makes so much sense. We've got multiple clocks running in the form of the alpha, beta, gamma, etc. waves, all with different frequencies. As soon as you've got a set of cycles to refer things against you are going to get something like a Fourier transform, and that's what this is. It is a lot like reciprocal space in crystalography. I love the fact that nature seems to take Fourier transforms all the time, no matter where you look.
@casperthegm741 Рік тому
I just finished reading The Observer, a new novel by Robert Lanza and Nancy Kress. Lots of good quantum science, mixed with philosophical concepts. I'm always hesitant when philosophy starts to creep into science but if Matt is broaching the topic then...
@tomisaacson2762 Рік тому
There is no philosophy-free science. There is only science that leaves its philosophical assumptions unexamined.
@leosmith848 Рік тому
@@tomisaacson2762 Amen to that!
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