Why don't rocket engines melt? How engineers keep engines cool

День тому

Rocket engines need to produce heat to function, after all, their only real purpose is to convert the chemical energy in the propellant into pressure and heat so they can produce thrust.
And that brings up an obvious question! How in the heck do engines survive this heat? How did rocket scientists figure out how to keep an engine running continuously while harboring combustion inside it that’s hot enough to melt the very walls that are containing it?!
Today we’re going to talk about the tricks engineers employ to keep rocket engines from melting. We’ll go over ablative cooling, regenerative cooling, film cooling, radiative cooling, heat sinks, and fuel to oxidizer ratios and show you some awesome examples of each.
Here's an article version of this video - everydayastronaut.com/engine-...
00:00 - Intro / Timestamps
01:55 - Heatsink
04:12 - Fuel to Oxidizer Ratio
07:20 - Ablative Cooling
10:30 - Regenerative Cooling
14:20 - Film Cooling
22:15 - Radiative Cooling
23:30 - Summary
--------------------------
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КОМЕНТАРІ: 2 100

@take5th 2 роки тому

During the Apollo program, when I was about 13 (1970), I was curious about rockets. I went to the library and found two books on rockets. I remember reading about regenerative cooling, and a light went off in my head as I was provided the answer to such a difficult problem in two seconds. The problem seemed exotic and insurmountable, yet it was ‘handled’ with a simple and elegant solution. I went on to become a structural design engineer from that initial effort. Hope you reach 10,000 such young men and women.

@user-lv7ph7hs7l 2 роки тому

Engineers have been casually "breaking" the laws of physics for decades :)

@joevignolor4u949 2 роки тому

@@user-lv7ph7hs7l They don't really break the laws of physics. They just find ways to work around them.

@user-lv7ph7hs7l 2 роки тому

@@joevignolor4u949 Hence the "..."

@kennethkho7165 2 роки тому

@@expungebad nasa is a great place to build your hollywood career

@joevignolor4u949 2 роки тому

@@kennethkho7165 You mean by making movies like Apollo 13 and First Man?

@StanleyCreative 2 роки тому

Very fun to work on this one, I hope everyone liked the animations! 🔥❄🚀

@deslandes430 2 роки тому

awesome animations!!!

@TonyDrecaps 2 роки тому

They were amazing!

@mshell1959 2 роки тому

Amazing job!

@ddview3067 2 роки тому

Really great!

@Quivex1 2 роки тому

While watching I was really impressed by those animations as a graphic designer myself, and wondered who made them...Only to come the comments and see for myself! Great job man, they looked fantastic. :)

@franksmith9497 2 роки тому

Watching your video, “Why Rocket Engines Don’t Melt”, with my grandson, who is a student at CalPoly studying to be electrical engineer, he said, “grampa, Tim should be an engineering teacher at CalPoly. Tim explains information not only very clearly and understandable, but speaks in a pleasant and comfortable manner that makes his presentation interesting”. Thank you Tim for providing your time and energy to help educate the public. You should feel good and proud of yourself.

@safdaralli2567 Рік тому

I think this sentiment is shared by millions upon millions of students across every field and every college...including myself when I went to college...it seems like a MAJORITY of professors FAIL to realize that their objective is to "teach" students who are trying to understand a subject that is quite foreign to them until they encounter it in class...these professors..instead of taking something complicated and make it simple..they insist on keeping it complicated...why..I don't know...the trickle down effect...it was the way they were taught and they know no better...THIS GUY TIM IS AWESOME....

@club6525 11 місяців тому

He should be a professor at Harvard. He reminds me of our comp science professor but for engineering.

@offensiveintensive1034 11 днів тому

that is called marketing slang, the one people use to not give out correct information but a brief info and that way it looks that person is extremely smart and correct, alltrough the person talks all the time about just 1 sentence of information, in our case about the fact that FUEL is used to lower the temperature, and what the guy talks about is what types of fuel, how and where to put pies, and so on. But this video is really a money making bullshit, its made to interest you to watch it even dow its info for children.

@offensiveintensive1034 11 днів тому

i can give idea for a next vide like that, call it WHY WE BREATHE, and then add the known fact, that we breathe chemical and how its called and how nature creates it without even us humans, WOW AMAAAAZZIIIIIING!!!! the video will be sijmple and well, with our population of retards, every one will like it! here u are another idea for money making video space freak!

@savannahwhite3560 2 роки тому

Hey Tim, I find myself very fascinated and as of lately, pretty passionate about learning about rockets. I haven’t yet found any other videos as helpful or easy to understand as yours. Thanks for really bringing space down to earth for everyday people like me! 👍🏼 Your channel is a huge part of my growth in knowledge on space exploration and I’m so grateful for that!

@harmonyspaceagency1743 2 роки тому

The idea of keeping super cool and super hot things so close together is crazy to think.

@ghostrunner2138 2 роки тому

same thing with fusion reactors, advanced computers, and probably a lot of other stuff

@ahamay2012 2 роки тому

Like Brangelina.

@ELouiseZBear 2 роки тому

A refrigerator has the same thing going on, just a much smaller scale. My little brother ended up in the hospital once because he had placed his hand on the backside where it caused second degree burns on part of the hand and another part frostbitten.

@huberta881 2 роки тому

Like me and my Gf

@slopedarmor 2 роки тому

like holding a cup of coffee, without the thin cup your fingers would be boiling : o

@CorrectiveAction 2 роки тому

Literally since I was a kid, I was curious about that dark section of the F1 exhaust. I'm 55 now, and this is the first time I've had it explained to me. Thanks so much Tim, and thanks for all your work.

@Markle2k 2 роки тому

That video is on UKposts in super slo-mo. It is well worth your time. It is mesmerizing. Nine minutes to cover just a few tens of seconds. You can see the explosive bolts on the hold-down clamps blow. The initial flames that flow up out of the deck get entrained as the engines get going to full thrust. Just search on Saturn V launch slow motion. Some have music added. The one I first ran across had an explanation of everything to look out for and even how they got these engineering shots in the description. (Looking into a mirror from a steel box with a quartz window with a blast shield that slams down when the rocket gets far enough off the pad)

@haldyordan2316 2 роки тому

Same here, nice to know, I'm 56

@kitemanmusic 2 роки тому

Is the dark section only relatively dark, like a sunspot?

@KondoriRamin 2 роки тому

While in 4th or 5th grade (around 1985 in Iran), we watched a NASA video documentary at school and it explained most of this. I clearly remember nozzles of the F1 engine being made of Ni-alloy tubes brazed together and fuel running through them before burning in the combustion chamber, film-cooling, the injector panel, the gold plugs, baffles used for stability of the exhaust, etc. There was even a student competition to build a mock-up of the Saturn-5 rocket. We had a lot of educational videos in our school archives and they would copy them for us if we provided them with a raw video cassette.

@esperago 2 роки тому

Part of what Tim is missing in his explanation is that the bell is kept cool, in large, because the rocket is constantly moving away from the hot plume. It's a simple thing and easy to miss. Sometimes these nerds are so eager to show off their big brains, they overlook what's rPart of what Tim is missing in his explanation is that the bell is kept cool, in large, because the rocket is constantly moving away from the hot plume. It's a simple thing and easy to miss. Sometimes these nerds are so eager to show off their big brains, they overlook what's right in front of them.

@charlesvandeweghe5002 2 роки тому

Very educational. I love how Tim makes very complex concepts fairly easy to understand. His illustrations really help. Nice job Tim!

@blueauburn1671 7 місяців тому

This video is exactly what my brain needed. I couldn't sleep thinking about how rocket fuel doesn't melt the rocket engine. I had to know why. I can sleep now.

@weeblewonder 2 роки тому

These transitions are like next level. The writing and structure of this video is like A++. Well done to the team.

@tsmspace 2 роки тому

I have one negative criticism. I don't think he should have used the term "sandbagging" to describe engine performance, because it's not a technical term, and particularly people of other languages will have difficulty with it. But, also children will not understand sandbagging. Overall the video is my new favorite video.

@ahamay2012 2 роки тому

@@tsmspace What does it mean?

@TheJimtanker 2 роки тому

I'm surprised that NASA or SpaceX hasn't hired him to work for them for public relations.

@Austin-pf5us 2 роки тому

@@ahamay2012 In sports its used to describe pretending to be worse than you actually are/not playing up to your full potential intentionally

@EmazingGuitar 2 роки тому

@@TheJimtanker I wouldn’t be surprised if Elon offered him a job at some point. But I think sticking with his UKposts career makes more sense, and I think Elon would agree even if he wants him as an employee

@valerie80yearsago90 2 роки тому

One of the few channels I don’t hesitate to click on. Thank you for the hard work Tim, you truly inspired me to get into the nitty gritty of rocket science.

@adamsteinhardt6393 2 роки тому

My only complaint is not enough quantity of content, but that’s a small price to pay for the absolute, unequalled quality.

@jacksoncooksey8122 2 роки тому

Am I the only one that’s this posted 80 years ago???

@danielbrown7064 2 роки тому

@@jacksoncooksey8122 nope

@jacksoncooksey8122 2 роки тому

@@kevinvansteenkiste1904 I see now thanks lol

@mauricioriano1 2 роки тому

I think the same, if there's a new video, it must be high quality one, I don’t hesitate to click on

@just10kills92 Рік тому

I'm not going to remember any of this but this is really interesting.

@andriandrason1318 2 місяці тому

Remember what?

@Xcelential 2 роки тому

Fantastically informative. I loved the graphics explaining the principles, combined with close-ups of actual engines employing those principles. Great job!

@giacomoscomparin4937 2 роки тому

Just amazing. I'm an aerospace engineering student and I learned so much from this video, especially through the examples from history and the amazing animations, thanks Tim! One of my favorites for sure. Besides I'm studying applied thermodynamics at the moment so the timing is also spot on!

@EverydayAstronaut 2 роки тому

Awesome!!! Best of luck!

@Hello-vz1md 2 роки тому

@@EverydayAstronaut you should make a Book recommendation video on Rocket science and engineering

@linecraftman3907 2 роки тому

@@Hello-vz1md Ignition and (haha) Liftoff are great books I heard

@marcinpuchalski5602 2 роки тому

I wonder if this degree is very (I mean VERY) hard. Could you rate the difficulty level somehow? Like how much time do you spend learning or something. tia

@Hello-vz1md 2 роки тому

@@EverydayAstronaut please make a book recommendation video on Rocket science,Engineering and History

@yukionna1649 2 роки тому

Jet turbine maintenance engineer here, we use most of these same methods to prevent aircraft engines eating themselves. Primarily film cooling though. Most engines tap off high pressure bleed air from the final stage of the compressor (which is already at around 300°c or more to cool the hot parts of the engines. Effectively in a turbine engine the combustion gases will NEVER actually contact any of the metal parts as they'd simply burn through it in seconds. Most impressive one being that the turbine blades are grown from a single crystal of titanium, are hollow to utilise the regenerative cooling via channels inside and then vent those hot gasses via tiny holes in the surface to maintain a film of gas in between the blade itself and the combustion gases, all while spinning hundreds of times a second

@jannesalonen1215 2 роки тому

was about to suggest tesla valve to direct airflow to cool the metal parts..

@yukionna1649 2 роки тому

@@jannesalonen1215 just about every metal part on an engine (other than the case itself) is already hollow for just that, Tesla valves would be an interesting approach especially one or two generations of engines ago, but modern engines have that many sensors and valves and computers to monitor and adjust thousands of parameters every second the current engines don't really have a need for it. Active computer controlled cooling is faster to respond if nothing else 🤷‍♂️ But yeah, best way to cool components is definitely to flow a fluid through it to absorb that heat and then either take it to be cooled or utilise that heat elsewhere, or in the case of gasses simply dump them straight into the flow path

@yukionna1649 2 роки тому

@@My-Opinion-Doesnt-Matter I can 100% unequivocally guarantee that our turbine blades are a hollow monocrystaline titanium blade with a ceramic thermal protection layer. Inconel or even just nickel steels are more common, but not suited to all usecases. Ceramic blades have also been trialled but not into production as far as I am aware

@My-Opinion-Doesnt-Matter 2 роки тому

@@yukionna1649 Titanium itself or an alloy? What temperatures can it withstand? Do you have any source on that, I could find only the alloys: titanium aluminides, which are used only for lower temperatures...

@yukionna1649 2 роки тому

@@My-Opinion-Doesnt-Matter no source other than the manufacturer data itself and holding the blades in my hand. Won't go into specifics of which engine type exactly as I tend to be vague as to not identify my employer, internet after all, but I would assume it fair to say most new generation high bypass engines are running comfortably higher TITs as fuel efficiency isn't a major factor for our engines at all, so running richer to keep temps 'lower' isn't an issue either

@KonJonnorMusic Рік тому

This is easily one of the best videos I've ever seen on UKposts. When you said "this is rocket science", it blew my mind that you were presenting the information in such an easily accesible way. Instant subscribe.

@matthewnelson5680 2 роки тому

Thank you! I’ve wondered my whole life why the Saturn V engines had that top section of black exhaust. I’ve searched and this is the first time it was explained.

@vitaminprotein6549 2 роки тому

This guy is actually explaining rocket science and I'm here for it.

@tedeby5351 2 роки тому

Also check out Mike Gruntman from USC. He has some great videos on orbital mechanics.

@jasonmcgee7457 2 роки тому

*Refreshing subfeed to check for transporter3 livestream and this pops up. Transporter3 can wait.

@thunderamu9543 2 роки тому

This video is so well put together that it could be used at a Technical School. Well done Tim!

@Shadolife Рік тому

Great presentation. I can't remember when I learned so much from a single clip. You answered a lot of questions, in an excellent manner. Thank you sir.

@alexanderwermlund3145 2 роки тому

One thing amaze me about rocket engines is that there are drive shafts between the turbines that mechanically transfers momentum to drive the propellants against the high pressures in the combustion chamber. It's not only pipes but also mechanics.

@TheJimtanker 2 роки тому

The thing about this that amazes me is how much fuel and oxidizer is pumped through those pumps. 1400 pounds of fuel and oxidizer a second is CRAZY.

@matyasiadam4656 2 роки тому

Hi! Don't be surprised we see the same technology every day o the roads in the form of turbo compressors. True that turbo compressors do not pump cryogenic liquids and operate on already combusted fluids and rarely reach temperatures over 1400°C for long term operation, still they can spin whit 250000rpm and need to pump more than 10 cubic meters per second of air to achieve 1MW power on an internal combustion engine. Plus a rocket engine is an external combustion engine type so injection pressure of the combustibles will always be higher than combustion pressure because the chamber is open to ambient space.

@babyUFO. 2 роки тому

It's a basic turbo setup, not so amazing

@almafuertegmailcom 2 роки тому

Not only that, but the nature of those shafts. They are the basic self-priming mechanism of the engine, meaning you need to spin them so the engine gets going, and then it's them spinning that keeps the engine going. Also, one of the hardest part in some engines, because you have VERY hot gases at VERY high pressures, and they want to go EVERYWHERE. And then you have a spinning part, which is the hardest to seal. Particularly in some engines, keeping the oxidizer away from the fuel at the shafts is one of the hardest things to engineer in the entire thing.

@user-lv7ph7hs7l 2 роки тому

@@matyasiadam4656 Fire engines actually use something very similar to a turbopump to make that super high pressure water jet. That's the screeching noise when they pump water and there's an exhaut port blasting out hot gasses.

@ryeb_ 2 роки тому

Ive learned more in this 25 minute video than even some 1 hour long videos. Amazingly concise, this video is a masterpiece!

@EEBPioneer Рік тому

The video is great! Thank you very much! I like the fantastic balance between high-level overview and details. And the reallife examples as fire-test videos with marks and notes bring a huge portion of understanding!

@ag135i 2 роки тому

This is the first rocket science video I watched on UKposts as there are not much videos on this topic and you didn't disappointed us thanks for the informative video.

@Michaelonyoutub 2 роки тому

The coolest thing I have ever seen was a video of a rocket engine test where there was ice and water dripping on the outside of the engine right next to its super hot explosive exhaust. It is insane how extreme rocket engines are.

@eneg_ 2 роки тому

Wait until you hear about fusion reactors

@caty863 2 роки тому

@@eneg_ What about them?

@eneg_ 2 роки тому

@@caty863 You have electromagnets cooled down close to 0K, containing superheated plasma of temperature reaching 100 millions of Kelvins.

@caty863 2 роки тому

@@eneg_ Right. The things today's science can achieve is mind-boggling.

@trolleriffic 9 місяців тому

@@eneg_ And it's at very low density so if it touches the walls of the tokomak it would lose almost all that heat instantly, so the magnets are required for confinement and keeping it away from the walls.

@johncage5368 2 роки тому

I love the approach of this video following the engineering approach: Engines get very hot, we need to cool them. What possibilities are there? What works best? What can be combined? ... Great job, Tim. More of that please.

@willnordeste5949 Рік тому

A better question is how did the towers fall from burning kerosene?

@Silrak50 Рік тому

@@willnordeste5949 😊

@ThePetalesharo 2 роки тому

This is simply the best video on rockets I've ever seen. Thank you for sharing the knowledge in such a digestible and concise form, with amazing graphics, references, and transitions. Amazing work!

@ThePetalesharo 2 роки тому

Can't wait for the next one!

@herbertkeithmiller 2 роки тому

I love the explanations Tim Dodd gives. At the start of the video he says the point of rocket engine is to develop pressure which equals heat. I've long been a science nerd and that is one of the best simplest explanations I've ever heard.

@crimsonninja6995 2 роки тому

19:16 You know I've always wondered how SpaceX was able to pull off this little bit of on the go engineering. During one of the earliest falcon 9 flights to the ISS, a crack in the engine bell was discovered on the upper stage vacuum nozzle. Bringing the whole rocket down would have been way too expensive so Elon just had his top engineer take some shears and cut away the lowest 2 inches of the nozzle to cut off the crack. I always wondered how they avoided cutting open the cooling channels in that case. But apparently the channels don't extend that far because they use film cooling after that. Neat!

@Jamesah 2 роки тому

Did he explain what type of cooling the raptor engines use? I know he mentioned the Merlin engines a few times.

@deusexaethera 2 роки тому

Yep. Regenerative cooling stops being effective once the exhaust gases have had a chance to expand beyond a certain point, because while they may still be hot enough to vaporize puny meat-based humans, they aren't hot enough to melt metal anymore. At that point you're better-off using something simpler and lighter.

@captainahab5522 2 роки тому

@@Jamesah regenerative cooling

@MrXMasterTrader 2 роки тому

It uses radiative cooling so there are no cooling channels.

@stevenf1678 2 роки тому

I am not sure but I think that was before the first ISS mission. My understanding th crake was cause by vibration and handling. If you watch a laugh and staging you will see metal fall off the nozzle right after the vacuum engine starts. It's stiffening metal ring that protects the nozzle during assembly and transport.

@Zeyervv 2 роки тому

Another Everyday Astronaut video? Jeez is it Christmas already?

@user-ls8fy5bu7u 8 місяців тому

As a retired metallurgical engineer I always wondered how they cooled the wonderful metals on the engines knowing that they should melt quickly. Very well explained sir. Thank you! Of course we used carbon block refractory in the cupolas for melting grey iron to cast engine blocks and heads, etc

@pharynx007 2 роки тому

i've had my first two Heat Transfer classes this week. so many things in this video give hints towards what i may learn later on.

@StarshipFairing 2 роки тому

Woah, a video from Tim that's less than 30 minutes!

@EverydayAstronaut 2 роки тому

Miracles do happen! 😂

@anthonyblacker8471 2 роки тому

So informative, I wasn't expecting a video today at all.. I'm so glad you take the time to research with your team and explain all of this to us Tim.. Thank you so much

@marcinpuchalski5602 2 роки тому

Man those videos keep increasing on quality! Keep it up Tim, we can't wait for all the upcoming videos!

@AndresMezaEscallon 2 роки тому

You explained these cooling methods so well that feel like common sense. Anyway, the film method blowed my mind, I would never guessed how it works. Thank you so much for helping me to understand such a critical part of a reusable engine.

@cogoid 2 роки тому

As usual from Tim, this was a pretty good lecture -- quite clear, well illustrated. A small correction: at 18:28 the label "Gas Generator" points to the pumps and not the actual Gas Generator. The Gas Generator is a very small combustor, separate from the turbopump, and not visible clearly in these pictures. It produces the gas which then drives the turbine, which drives the pumps. 11:16 The transition from regenerative cooling as it was used during the war to the brazed tube construction in the USA and milled channels in the USSR was actually a major breakthrough, which enabled construction of "modern" rocket engines. It is a topic which deserves a separate video on its own.

@slevinchannel7589 2 роки тому

From the channel-name here i obviously would assume people would like some scientific watch-suggests aka recommendations.

@bobbymilo2820 2 роки тому

Hey Tim, love this video. I am a Math and Biology Teacher in Germany and also teach some 6th grade classes in physics. I followed you and SpaceX ever since the Falcon Heavy Launch and caught Space Addiction ever since. I would really love to start a rocket or space club at my school but since I would do this outside my normal hours time for research would be sparse. That's why I especially loved this video, since you already did all the research on the topic, condensed it into a Video and made all the info and sources available in the article version. With a little bit of extra Work I can make a really good and interesting lesson aboud this topic. More of these kind of videos on general concepts would make it so much easier for me to finally make that club happening. That's why I loved your announcment on the video about engine cycle types coming soon. Keep up the great work and thanks for everything you do!!

@blahsomethingclever 2 роки тому

Hi, in a German who lives in the US now and also studied math and biology! Rockets are so neat, but I'm convinced that there are many other more efficient ways to get to space or create propulsion. Chemical rockets as they are now are pretty well explored. Just like in the 19 hundreds before Einstein etc, physicists thought their field was fully described by Newton and Leibniz, and shot down new ideas, the time is right for a revolution in space access. Not this boring evolution of chemical rockets

@paulwediting7175 2 роки тому

Love the video Tim, thank you summing all that info up and presenting it in a really easy to understand way. A video idea you could take a look at maybe comes from a discussion I keep having with friends into what scientific and other technological breakthroughs have come from space exploration and general rocketry. Its not as rocket science heavy but it would be a good explanation as to why space exploration is as important as we all think it is. Keep up the fantastic work

@EuroGarageOfficial 2 роки тому

Love these videos. I listen to them like podcasts while driving or exercising, and they are much better than the other space podcasts I’ve listened to. Cheers.

@ProfessorJayTee 2 роки тому

Thank you, Tim and everyone. This is something I have wanted to better understand for decades. You did a great job in explaining this well.

@ThatGuy-sd3zl 2 роки тому

Would like to see a video explaining how the thrust is transferred through the engine to the structure of the rocket.

@KondoriRamin 2 роки тому

By thrust-transfer system...

@StsFiveOneLima 2 роки тому

@@KondoriRamin It works kind of like "inertial dampeners" lol

@tinetannies4637 2 роки тому

YES! I was about to ask this exact question. EACH engines on the Saturn V, for example, produced 1.5 million pounds of thrust. How did all that thrust not blast the engine bell to bits and crush the engine itself? Obviously it didn't but....how?!

@thatbee4923 2 роки тому

me too

@99Stutz 2 роки тому

Yes please. The engines seem quite delicately constructed in comparison to the pressures involved. What physical structures in the engine transfer all that massive thrust pressure to the bottom part of the rocket to "push" it?

@Kayuryuk 2 роки тому

Another great episode Tim, keep up the amazing work, I absolutely love learning about rockets

@justalonesoul5825 2 роки тому

Regenerative cooling, and the related engineering and design, is absolutely and completely mind-blowing. Making the nozzle completely with tubing? I had no freaking idea. I'm WOW'ed. Those engineers are intellectual semi-gods, I swear.

@jaredmulconry 2 роки тому

That was a lot that you managed to pack into less than 30 minutes. It didn't feel rushed at all, so you've done very well 👍

@danilocoelho9915 2 роки тому

Hey Tim, huge improve on your motion skils over these years! The particles animation from the engine's infographic is awesome!

@KevinTheCaravanner 2 роки тому

Tim you make your videos so informative and interesting. Thank you. Who’d have thought it: a video on rocket science that hasn’t been dumbed down that I actually understand. Thank you again.

@YourMJK 2 роки тому

I think you found the perfect format with this video in terms of length, information density, illustration and pacing!

@devlimbani 2 роки тому

Hey Tim!!!🙋🏻‍♂️ Just wanted to say thank you for all the awesome work you've been doing. You've taught me a lot. Thank you🙏🏻

@Monkey80llx 2 роки тому

This is bonkers levels of fascinating, educational and mind blowing but ‘easy’ to understand and worthy of high praise. Take a bow, Tim! 🏆😊

@geofreypejsa54 2 роки тому

Loved the video. I am a space enthusiast and love the way you explain things. Please keep it up!

@medea27 2 роки тому

Tim, you never disappoint... excellent video 👏 I love trying to wrap my mind around somewhat counter-intuitive engineering solutions like film cooling, but for some reason the idea of designing your rocket engine to destroy itself in a _controlled_ manner (non-RUD!) like ablation always makes the engin-nerd in me chuckle! 😎 Also, do I spy a possible Everyday Astronaut kid's mascot in that excellent engine cutaway animation @ 2:10 ?! ♟I can't help but see a character lying on their side with a head (combustion chamber), two arms around a body (nozzle) & wearing a hat/cap! 🎩 It's kinda cute.... nothing like anthropomorphising a complex piece of engineering! LOL

@mad_incognito 2 роки тому

The most amazing part is that all of these issues were sort of resolved in the 60s and 70s and until Starship flies fully stacked the Saturn V still rains supreme.

@drmosfet 2 роки тому

It's actually kinda sad, that it taken this long to get back to where Saturn V left off ☹️, once NASA become a political football, progress slowed to the pace of someone trying to walk in deep thick mud, each step was 4 year's apart and steps where sometimes going backward or sideways. The space shuttle was nothing like it was supposed to be, it became aerospace version of the duck-billed platypus, the fact that it work at all is a testament to the skill of the engineers staff that built it.

@allangibson2408 2 роки тому

The engine cooling problems were solved in 1942… in the V2 - the Saturn was a step by step evolution from the A-4/V-2 with parts shared at each step. (A-4 to Redstone to Jupiter to Juno to Saturn 1). The H-1 Saturn 1 engine was derived from the A-4 engine similarly with stepwise increased power in each version from 20 tonnes of thrust in the A-4 to 102 tons in the H-1.

@thespacepeacock 2 роки тому

Woah, this is an incredibly comprehensive video on engine cooling! Thank you Tim!

@peterpayne2720 Рік тому

I enjoyed this video a lot, you did an awesome job explaining how the various types of cooling systems on rocket engines work.

@ZacCongo 2 роки тому

Another brilliant video, artfully explained, beautifully presented. Love your work. Can't wait for the next one. 😊 ❤️

@wernereisenmenger9712 2 роки тому

Brilliant content, presented in a perfect way! Keep up this top-notch work, please.

@radbrickdad7252 2 роки тому

About 15 years ago now, I worked for an aerospace company that was developing a liquid vortex engine. Basically an extreme film cooling. I've heard rumors that the engine is too be used on the SNC Dream Chaser!

@b43xoit 2 роки тому

"to". You're welcome.

@AnthonyMaw 2 роки тому

Amazing video - love every second of it. Just wanted to comment that behind all the successful designs there were a LOT of experimental rocket engine failures, some more spectacular than others. After each failure they analyzed the cause and came up with innovative solutions like the cooling methods mentioned. I think that's where the phrase "Back to the drawing boards" came from! LOL

@lalaneverquit 2 роки тому

It's amazing that you managed to explain each types of cooling so well that even a child can easily understand. Great explanation. You are a great teacher 🙂👍

@alstud1 2 роки тому

Fascinating, I've wondered about the various cooling options for quite some time. I appreciate the depth and the answer to "if they pump cryo through the bell to cool it, wouldn't that be quite prone to issues" question I've pondered some while (and subsequent question if those issues are actually issue or would they contribute to cooling). You explain highly complex in an easy to understand way. Thank you.

@samuelfeder9764 2 роки тому

Amazing Video! I feel like it was both really information dense and still highly digestible! Awesome work!!

@SolRC 2 роки тому

I have never been so excited to receive a time stamp as I was in this video. Cool cool stuff, thanks 🤙.

@KondoriRamin 2 роки тому

There are many UKpostsrs like this guy who produce apparently decent technical content like this while they have absolutely no experience in the fields they cover. I remember a couple of years ago, this guy was just a happy SpaceX fan who knew almost nothing about space technology or engineering... After persistent coverage of SpaceX tests and launches, he became popular for his nerdy reactions and his OMG screams during launches and tests. Watch his early coverages of SpaceX launches; he first knew about much of this stuff from reading the live comments (I personally witnessed that in a few instances). Now, he tells the audience to "ask me any question you have" :) It's amazing...

@1983dmd 2 роки тому

This is so well explained and interesting...Thank you so much for all the work involved in making these videos!

@harshavardhanshankar1827 2 роки тому

Awesome just awesome Tim! Just love your work! Keep up the good work!

@Mrsev1100 2 роки тому

Hey there. More than half of my life I‘ve watched yt vids (since 2009) and never ever before I‘ve watched such an awesome video. The information density in this vid about so many complex but super cool details of the conglomeration of cooling mechanisms of a RE is just amazingly well presented and talked through. I‘ld never thought that it was more than 26 mins long but I‘ld even like it to go on so much longer. Thx 4 this great presentation of super cool details!

@GOVAUS1 2 роки тому

Thank you. Thanks to you this topic has been so much easier to digest. This episode is absolutely amazing.

@CCumva 2 роки тому

That was super interesting! I never thought rocket engines are so tightly packed with engineering tricks. I want more!

@kindlin 2 роки тому

It's not called _rocket engineering_ for nothing.

@tgfassina 2 роки тому

Great video Tim! Thanks a lot! One video idea: I would love to learn more about launch pads and ground equipment. Hope it helps Respect from 🇧🇷

@JoseAlvarez-os4ll 2 роки тому

Tim, I am watching you channel from México, I am 64 and have only elemantary school but I love your videos and explanations that answer a lot of my questions I have ever had since I was a kid. Thank you!!

@rafaelsjm 2 роки тому

Awesome vid, I watch all your videos, i love the animations, the random trivia and the great and detailed explanations. This one is for the YT algorithm, cause you deserve it!

@Shankovich 2 роки тому

You can actually use ablative cooling to change the throat-exit ratio as you ascent to your benefit (different rates). it was used sparingly but pretty neat nonetheless

@lvnmarks 2 роки тому

Tim, I know you like your rocket engines especially and I really enjoy everything you put out. I was wondering if you could do a series on the navigation of rockets? The different avionics through the years, how Astronauts and engineers can make a hunk of metal hit a target on Mars? Smarter Everyday has some great content on the AGC but would love to get deeper and learn about new technologies for guidance and control. Thanks! Rick

@xulipaTV 2 роки тому

Everything about this video is perfect! Thank you Tim Dodd and Team!

@AppaTalks 2 роки тому

Awesome breakdown of the technology! Thank you for sharing Everyday Astronaut!

@truejim 2 роки тому

What I've always found interesting is how SIMPLE heavy-lift, orbital-class rocketry would be if we had materials that could withstand enormous amounts of heat. Like: think about all the complex plumbing that could be eliminated from rocket engines, the heat shields that wouldn't be needed, the complicated air-braking strategies, etc. Hypothetically, if someday somebody were to invent a material that is reasonably easy to work with, reasonably affordable, has good structural properties, and is immune to enormous amounts of heat, rocket design could be like an order of magnitude simpler! Is such a material even possible? A hundred years from now when we have such a material, will our grandchildren look back at marvel at how crazily complicated our rockets were?

@gaurangisawesome 2 роки тому

then we'd make all the pumps and fuel lines out of that material and raise the chamber pressure and therefore temperature to the melting point of that material tohave a more efficient rocket but would still be dealing with trying to cool it. But yeah it'd be way easier.

@RafaelFaenir 2 роки тому

As a Material Engineer I can say that such a "dream material" is likely not possible... you can get one of the properties (very high temperature resistance), but that makes the material extremely hard to work and also very fragile (think Tungsten or ceramics in general). Even refractory ceramics can't work at more that a couple thousand of °C. This comes down to the chemical bonds in the materials (covalent, metallic or ionic), and there is nothing we can do to make these bonds stronger, that is just physics/chemistry (inventing new elements is not really possible, all the heavier artificial elements have extremely unstable nucleus). And if a material could remain solid at 4000°K, solid state diffusion would make any structure unstable for longer applications. We may develop alloys that can hold a bit better at very high temperatures, but I think it is physically impossible to have a real leap on this area. Sorry to burst your bubble :/ But that makes all the engineering solutions described in this video so amazing! These are literally the limits of material science being expanded by clever engineering and precision manufacturing!

@truejim 2 роки тому

@@RafaelFaenir I think material engineering is fascinating, and material scientists are unsung heroes. When you look at the history of technological advancement, new inventions are often just the logical consequence of whatever new materials were just invented. (A similar thing happens for instance in music, where new musical styles are just the logical consequence of whatever new instrument was just invented: the piano, the electric guitar, the synthesizer, the autotuner, etc.) Your point about Rocketry Unobtainium coming down to the properties of chemical bonding is a good point.

@linecraftman3907 2 роки тому

Very comprehensive video, absolutely loved it, you explain everything so well and the visuals are simply next level stuff! Don't really have anything to say except maybe what about vortex cooling but if I understand correctly that is type of film cooling?

@pauless7 2 роки тому

Thanks Tim. Thanks to videos like this one I am reconsidering my path in my early career as Chemical Engineer. Do not stop making those videos because with them you are able to show us how science becomes magic.

@SuperSMT 2 роки тому

Lot of chemical engineering going on in rocket fuels

@conlethbyrne4809 2 роки тому

Hi Tim, seriously cool video. A lot to take in but I love how down-to-earth you explain technology n just 25 minutes. You are a star & much appreciated. Is that a flame thrower behind you?

@gregdavey4261 2 роки тому

Great Video again Tim. I am sure there are universities all over the world that will be starting their class year with some of your videos. As a next video idea, how about navigation? Going from the 2D space of the ocean, to 3D space would be really interesting. The JWST getting to L2, trips to mars, or the solar probe can’t rely on GPS.

@Neddyy 2 роки тому

Love your work Tim

@justinbellotti7838 2 роки тому

The other thing that I find amazing about the fuel cooled nozzles is the there are so many redundancies that is some tubes end up with holes, they just plug them up with gold plugs and keep it moving, I cannot remember the correct percentage of plugged holes before it's unsafe but I was surprised it was so much.

@thermonuclearbunny4247 2 роки тому

Great video, thanks! I wonder how much of the fuel (percentage) is used to be pumped through the nozzle to cool it during operation - do you happen to have any figures on that?

@T11235 2 роки тому

Tim on his way to drop the video exactly when i start doing homework be like

@r0cketplumber 2 роки тому

Heatsink chambers are useful for experimental engines where one is trying to determine, for instance, the shortest chamber that can support complete combustion. That was the rationale for the various "trombone" engines we ran at XCOR, one of the cases where I actually did some rocket science rather than just engineering. The best material for a heatsink is usually copper, for its combination of high thermal conductivity, ease of fabrication, and cost. Using low thermal conductivity materials in a regen or heatsink engine is a bad idea, even though such metals may have higher melting point, they will quickly reach that melting point where a lower melting but higher conductivity engine can be kept cool.

@cogoid 2 роки тому

This is not often mentioned, but during the research phase, German V-2 engines were cast out of aluminum alloy. They had to build production versions from steel only because is was more available during the war. A few of the upper stage US engines also used aluminum.

@r0cketplumber 2 роки тому

@@cogoid Yes, aluminum can work, but has narrower margins than copper. I did the thermal analysis for the 5K18 LOX-kerosene engine for the Lynx, and its aluminum nozzle was regen cooled with the cold helium used in the brayton-cycle piston pump. No one was more amazed than me when we ran it for the first time and it actually worked :)

@cogoid 2 роки тому

@@r0cketplumber Looked you up -- you have done tons of experimentation. Very impressive hardware! I think it could be very valuable for other entrepreneurs if you wrote a book about your experience -- there must have been lots of lessons learned.

@sherrysyed Рік тому

This is amazing content! Thank you for making it accessible!

@stephanjunk4428 2 роки тому

Thank you for the article version.

@BlueFrenzy 2 роки тому

Magnetic nozzles. The thrust correlates to the speed of the exhaust and the speed depends mostly on its temperature. Magnetic chambers + ionized plasma + magnetic nozzle + nuclear reactor and you can increase the exhaust speed several orders of magnitude, not being limited anymore by the temperature but the energy you can produce.

@richardmillhousenixon 2 роки тому

Congratulations you just invented the Ion thruster. If only people had invented this earlier... Oh wait...

@jerichom11x 2 роки тому

Now make a super light, super small, super powerful nuclear reactor.

@tedm.3961 2 роки тому

Would love an explanation how you would determine the path to orbit, considering all other obstacles. Or exiting earth orbit without hitting anything?

@quangho8120 2 роки тому

Obstacles are really not a problem at all. You can just launch as if there're no obstacles, and 100% of the time it will just work

@addy9961 2 роки тому

Yup the guy above me is right. Space is so big and satellites are so small it's not a concern

@pierrelemoine8669 2 роки тому

Yup the guys above me are wrong. LEO is getting crowded, and it's a concern

@quangho8120 2 роки тому

@@pierrelemoine8669 It is a concern for satellite operators, not for launch providers

@babayada2015 2 роки тому

@@pierrelemoine8669 If you take the scale, The chances of a stray bullet falling on your head is more than a rocket to be hit by a big enough debris.

@teddy.d174 2 роки тому

This is one of the best videos you’ve ever done, amazing stuff.

@LucianAlexandruMotoc 2 роки тому

Every time I see video of that F1 film cooling I get excited by the awesome engineering that's going on there

@aDifferentJT 2 роки тому

Technically it wouldn’t be sublimated, it’d be melted and then boiled very quickly. Sublimation only happens at lower pressures.

@Witnaaay 2 роки тому

I suppose the upper stage might sublimate?

@yukionna1649 2 роки тому

It'll sublimate, at these temperatures in an oxygen rich environment the metals simply burn away

@stefanklass6763 2 роки тому

how about transpirational cooling? I guess the unintentional leaking part qualifies as that but are there engines that deliberately use transpirational cooling in the combustion chamber?

@aerospacefuzz 2 роки тому

Yes indeed there are. Masten has some engines that do this.

@spaceintel101 2 роки тому

Hey, awesome video mate. Keep up all the incredible work! You inspire so many people including the future up-and-coming aerospace engineers of tomorrow.

@ChayComas 2 роки тому

I loved this video ... Came to YT for a Smarter Everyday notification, but my phone wasn't in reach to turn off YT when it was over, and this played automatically. 30s in, I was hooked.

@EverydayAstronaut 2 роки тому

Thanks for checking it out! Hope to see you around again!

@loctobert9421 2 роки тому

Thank you, Tim. Really like this episode and love to learn something about rocket engineering. I’ve always wondered how the seemingly fragile rocket engines transfer the enormous forces they generate to accelerate the rockets so fast.

@EtzEchad 2 роки тому

It's not rocket "science" it's rocket "engineering." Rocket science is relatively easy. Rocket engineering is where all the advances are made.

@n4nln 2 роки тому

A remarkably good explanation of some very counterintuitive ideas. Almost every real engine uses a subtle recipe combining several of these techniques, making them very complex to explain. Again, great job of pedagogy. Helping everyday people appreciate the intellectual achievements represented here is a huge public service.