Think you've got a typo there Steve - while ≠ white

maybe the white kettle works by temperature difference/gradient

The thermal switch is indeed a safety in case the kettle is dry. It interrupts the circuit once it reaches a set temperature, which is usually stamped on the metal casing. It probably is set to 150C.

The metalic strip is not in the buttom. the one in your video is not the switch. it is the safety feature where it cuts off if the kettle runs dry. the original metalic switch is on the side of the kettle. try disassembling the handle and you will see what I mean.

I don't know how it works but ALL KETTLES will keep boiling unless the lid is on.

Yeah, I had the same assumption with the second kettle after it boiled; I assumed that it had to do with water's greater heat capacity, so the base would just heat up faster than the ethanol could expel it, and it would be set off anyway, so the device doesn't care what is in the kettle, just how hot the base is. Turns out it was that small hole easily overlooked in the design. Actually, I wonder if he tested to see what happened if he did let it boil dry? He said it kept boiling, but didn't clarify whether he let it boil dry. He could have stopped it after it kept boiling much longer than his previous test. The idea that it's a safety feature in the event that the liquid boils off before the buildup of steam is enough to trigger the bimetallic switch is a good one and would explain why they went to the trouble of applying the thermal paste. It might just need a higher temperature than it can reach when there is a substance with enough thermal conductivity to prevent it from hitting a certain critical temperature.

Doing an experiment first and then deducting also works.

Lol, the whole time I knew he was wrong but I thought the method was funny. Like, you didn't need to set up an experiment even. Just do a little work on research first and understand the problem. For example, if you understand your question is about an electric kettle's operation - then instantly you know that we are talking about specific engineering. We also can understand the problem space (boiling) and how to test for boiling (which you cannot use temperature for unless you have a measure of pressure as well). So when he kept talking about his first assumptions and "hypothesis" (in quoted because to be honest a genuine hypothesis would go through the research/education phase before there's any reason to test), my brain just kept yelling "But you don't understand how the kettle works, or even the problem space". As he eventually mentioned, his hypothesis, if correct, would result in a kettle that doesn't work on mountains and that's not a reasonable conclusion for a well understood problem. Had he asked himself first "How can I tell if water is boiling?" Then he may have realized he couldn't use temperature without also using pressure. That pressure also needs to be measured inside the kettle rather than outside which is also another challenge. Sorry for long post, my point is just that I think that this demonstrates the need to follow proper methodology in forming your initial hypothesis rather than treat it as a "guess and check". There is a stark contrast between "guess and check" vs "educate, guess based on that education and check"

@@kiraPh1234k Researching how a kettle works and then just presenting this 'secondary' knowledge would be way less entertaining for the viewers and less effective and so less people would be a bit smarter after the video. What steve does here, is just demonstrating the scientific method.

@@kiraPh1234k You could use temperature without pressure, if you make it turn off when the kettle maintains a specific temperature for a given amount of time. This would work anywhere.

I loled. Thank you

im happy it was anti climatic! otherwise your house would have burned down and THAT would be bad! glad you're safe!

These things should not happen. If it were fairly new I would inform the shop. There could be something wrong with an entire batch.

@@pvic6959 would have made for a better, non-anticlimactic story though. It goes both ways

Wouldn’t it have been safer to just unplug the hot kettle? Instead of risking the finger on the hot switch?

lol

That would be hilarious

The second liqiud was probably denatured alcohol, so he prolly would have gone blind if he had taste tests

Do they sell Everclear in the UK?

Gotta give it a little nibble after opening the bottle, just to make sure it's not fake... or something...

How did pitch meeting get into here

I used to love Ryan George, I still do, but I used to too.

Oh really!

wowowowowow

Non sequitur references are TIGHT

Welcome to Vsauce

@@dametocosita4994 Michael here

kettology

Honestly that's why I clicked initially. I wanted to know how kettles work.

Colin Furze needs to weigh in

"and cracked" 😂😂😂

@@Catastropheshe reading is quite a challenge for some it seems

@@KillerDragon987 ?

@@Catastropheshe the commenter talked about what happened when they kept their kettle “open a crack” (a little bit) You seemed to misread it as though they said that they kept the lid open, and then it cracked. It’s funny you put it in quotes, because those words are not in the comment. No sweat, i misread stuff all the time. But I do try to make sure i quote people correctly 😄

Although I must admit, quoting someone on UKposts is sometimes hard on mobile, because your text box takes over the screen, and if you try to move through the comments to read as you write, it asks you to discard your comment 🙄

Werner von Braun once said: 1000 hypothesises cannot beat one experiment

A kettle is one of the simplest electronic devices known to manking. Don't talk about shit you don't understand.

@@KainRazielMT who hurt you

@@KainRazielMT You are factually incorrect, well done! Dunning-Kruger scale at work once again.

@@KainRazielMT i thought so before taking a thermodynamics course 💀

This video reminded me a lot of technology connections. Try his toaster and washing machine videos. Really great. www.youtube.com/@TechnologyConnections

Sorry, dishwasher, not washing machine

I think he kind of ruining the message by pre-phasing saying "I am usually never wrong". If you actually go out of your comfort zone in science you will have many wrong hypotheses. It also doesn't require much courage when the stakes are low like in this experiment.

​@@trealidoesn't necessarily mean he always has to be wrong lmao.

@@AK-jb8hs Don't know what mental gymnastics you did to come up with that sentence. I blame the loss of ability to think in other ways than just black and white.

So there would've another component in the kettle to sense the heat of the steam? And Steve missed it?

@@niklas6576 Yes, see my post earlier. The white kettle works exactly same way as the transparent one. It is just less obvious where the bimetallic strip is.

lol I didn't find anything like this in the space heater I got that almost started a fire. It was a refurbished one, but was bought legally from a legit brick and mortar store here in Canada. So you wouldn't expect anything untoward. But I was using it in the dark one night and noticed this red light inside it and initially just figured it was a red LED, even though I didn't remember there being one inside the heater. But a minute or so later it went from red to bright white and I realized something in there was getting way too hot and turned it off etc and cut off the plug so nobody accidentally uses it. Which a lot of people don't think to do but it's good practice. Anyways, I took it apart a few days later and found the source of the overheating was an improperly crimped (and probably underrated) spade connector that had literally melted from the heat. The really scary thing is because of where it happened, there's no way I would have seen it if I hadn't looked at it from just the right angle. And it was so dim that if the room was lit up, I never would have noticed. So I probably wouldn't have noticed anything until shit hit the fan. I don't know why, but I didn't bother reporting it. I think I was just so pissed, I was done with it. But in retrospect, I feel negligent because it was my responsibility to at least let them know so the product can be taken off the shelves in case it happens to somebody else. Or at least they could actually inspect the work of whomever's in charge of refurbishing them. Live and learn, I guess.

It's boil-dry protection I believe

Makes complete sense. The sensor on plate just protects the assembly for overtemperature if someone left kettle switched on without medium. The bimetallic switch with steam bypass is the thing that regulates the temperature.

Weren't you experimenting with switch-off accuracy? It always annoys me lot when a kettle doesn't turn off when reaching the boiling point. It takes typically more second longer to it. So I wondered why not to involve vibration and noise sensors to it (except of course price, complicated complexity etc.).

@@TomasBenes83 Noise sensor wouldn't work, as music/tv/speaking would trip it, and to filter out all the noises would require some complicated tech. Vibration sensor sounds like an interesting idea, shouldn't be too expensive, you can easily prevent it from being triggered by a random touch or momentary shock, by coupling it with a 1s delay. It would trigger if there's some heavy machinery working nearby, which is sub-optimal...

@@_APV_ I mean it should be easy for machine learning to surely recognise boiling sounds from beneath the kettle's inside, despite of surrounding voice. In combination with other aspects of course. Not only vibrations. Atmospheric pressure sensor is cheap. In combination with measurable water temperature and perhaps even outside temperature it should be easy to estimate exact time when to take other fancy inputs (certain sounds + vibration) into account. I can imagine stupidproof process diagram. I got Princess induction kettle for.. more than 100USD? It kind of sucked too, but in different aspects.

@@TomasBenes83 a kettle doesn't need AI.

@@cassandra2860 thank you, captain obvious. We don't have AI, although it might be fun, guessing from RedDwarf''s toaster. But machine learning could be helpful to learn distinguished boiling sound from hundreds of environments and give the code then to kettle's chip.

I'm sure it is, as an apprentice I've worked on a new kettle design for use onboard commercial aircraft, besides boiling lots of water and doing temperature measurements, I also got to test the existing design to failure 😉 This had a thermal switch that detected the boiling coupled to the metal jug, heating element spiralled around the jug. When all water was boiling off, switch was just switching heater off and on more rapidly and just kept going without water. Then bridged the thermal switch to test the thermal fuse with a rating of (as I recollect) 120°C, so when kettle empty, this blew and prevented overheating. So bridged the fuse, and tested it till smoking hot, proving the thermal fuse they wanted to omit to reduce costs was necessary. I've never seen the Combi Kettle that was being designed in an aircraft, only once in the background of the Engineering Connections A380 episode with Richard Hammond.

Simpler test: turn the kettle on when dry. Does the base heat up to over 100°C and the kettle switch off afterwards?

@@NicksStuff Dry boil protection 😂

@@NicksStuff I'd say that's the best way to test it and it makes sense that it is a safety sensor to protect from thermal runaway when dry as the main shut-off mechanism cannot work if the kettle is dry and, without it, there would be nothing to shut it off or conduct away the heat leaving it to essentially catch fire. The thing is, we have accidentally tested this on our kettle when my girlfriend accidentally turned it on when it had nothing in it, it started to smell and I immediately noticed and turned it off, I did it quick enough and there was no damage but no safety kicked in leaving me to think that I was just quicker and the safety sensor just didn't have enough time to reach the temperature required to trip it. With that in mind, running a dry kettle to test the safety sensor is probably gonna damage it so only do on a kettle you're willing to lose.

@@MeteorMark its always amazing how companies will want to drop a 3 dollar safety system like a thermal fuse even for something that will go in a passenger airliner.

I tried using a kettle in Denver. It just stayed on. Perhaps it didn't have this mechanism.

Many rice cookers use a different temperature sensing mechanism based on a magnet's curie point. The magnet normally holds the contacts closed, but when heated above its curie point, it loses its magnetism and releases the contact. This is explained in more detail in ukposts.info/have/v-deo/ioOFgp6te32Tun0.html

Allec from Technology Connections made a great video on the subject of rice cookers and curie point, I'd recommend watching it.

@@Mueller3D But then the material would be demagnetized and need a high voltage coil to remagnetize it. Or it would only work once, then you'd need to replace the magnet. I've watched that Technology Connections video before, but I don't remember the details.

@@piteoswaldo No, curie points are a temperature where the metal becomes paramagnetic and requires a magnetic field to be magnetic, and once it cools down it becomes spontaneously magnetic once more. You don't need a poweful magnet, the material simply reorganizes itself to become magnetic once it becomes cool again.

When I bought mine, I was curious of how it will stop buy himself. So, I put some water in it and tuned it on, and... It never stopped :D ! And then i search the info on the internet !

every smart person loves being wrong, UNLESS something important (like your salary, or happiness of your kid) depends on you being right...

Maybe you could ask Medhi for his views on what might be happening ? 😛

Being wrong is necessary if one believes in the concept of truth.

@@antman7673 to be fair, the concept of truth is already a dubious notion... I would just say one aims for "more predictive models" rather than "truth". It will always be a simplification of reality, but some are more accurate than others. (and amusingly yet sadly, the most (evolutionarily) useful ones are often not the most accurate ones... and even in science, one often prefers models which are cheaper to compute, when the higher accuracy is not needed)

now THAT'S science.

Have you seen the channel Technology Connections? You might like it.

You should check @Technology Connections

bruh, chech technology connections, he has kettles bruh

…or get a life!

my kettle tends to turn off a couple minutes after the water is gone. Which will happen when there was only little water in, as somehow the shutoff point is higher then the boiling point of water here (around 10-15m above sea level)

i did open it without water in it and it exploded near my face i was very lucky lol

The heaters usually have an additional thermal protection, but it will work at very high temperatures around 200C. Or they have?

@@gelo1238 The second switch discussed in the video is the thermal protection, the sensor stuck directly to the underside of the element. It's only purpose is to shut off the element if the kettle is empty because it senses that the element is heating up too rapidly.

Everything produces vapor if it becomes just hot enough.

UNCENSORED S*X ASIANTEEN.SPACE 👆 Megan: "Hotter" Hopi: "Sweeter" Joonie: "Cooler" Yoongi: "Butter Asi con toy y sus mañas no se la lease que escriba bien mamon hay nomas pa ra reirse un rato y no estar triste y estresado.por la vida dura que se vive hoy . Köz karaş: ''Taŋ kaldım'' Erinder: ''Sezimdüü'' Jılmayuu: ''Tattuuraak'' Dene: ''Muzdak'' Jizn, kak krasivaya melodiya, tolko pesni pereputalis. Aç köz arstan Bul ukmuştuuday ısık kün bolçu, jana arstan abdan açka bolgon. Uyunan çıgıp, tigi jer-jerdi izdedi. Al kiçinekey koyondu gana taba algan. Al bir az oylonboy koyondu karmadı. ''Bul koyon menin kursagımdı toyguza albayt'' dep oylodu arstan. Arstan koyondu öltüröyün dep jatkanda, bir kiyik tigi tarapka çurkadı. Arstan aç köz bolup kaldı. Kiçine koyondu emes, çoŋ kiyikti jegen jakşı dep oylodu.#垃圾 Son unos de los mejores conciertos , no puede ir pero de tan solo verlos desde pantalla, se que estuvo sorprendente 💗❤️💌💘💟

You could always put it in a pressure cooker! Lol

@@zarethd And as soon as you relieve the pressure the water will flash boil and cool right down to 100 C.

This was the basis for a student comedy short called Pendleton the cook, its on youtube somewhere. I never imagined it was a reality in the kitchen.

​@@r0cketplumber So just pressurise the whole restaraunt :P Of course after this facetious comment I then had to go and do a quick research, and it seems like pressure cookers run at anything up to 2atm, and humans can apparently survive up to about 2.5 so in theory this should actually be possible ...

I never thought about it like this

you are on the right track but it's not based on pressure it's purely based on the boiling point of the water. 4:30 in the video shows it working , it is purely down to the warping of the metal disk that flips the switch (a bit like the popping seal button on a jar of jam or hot dogs) the reason they use this method (and not a thermostat or pressure) is that water boils at different temperatures depending on your altitude, water purity and pressure. (if you had a thermostat kettle set to turn off when the water reaches 100 degrees C and you tried to boil water at the top of mount Everest the water would boil long before hitting 100 degrees and the water would just boil away to nothing without ever hitting 100C) for every 150 meters you go above sea level the boiling point lowers by 0,5 degrees C. at the top of everest the boiling point of water is 68 degrees C. using the warping metal sensor it would still work even at this low temp because steam would still be produced when the water boils at 68 C and would still flip the switch (the flipping of the switch is not dependent on the temperature reaching 100 degrees it is purely dependent on when the water boils and produces steam) at the dead sea which is below sea level the boiling point is around 102 C (so a kettle with a thermostat set to 100C would turn the kettle off before the water is boiled) pressure has nothing to do with it , water under pressure has a higher boiling point than 100 degrees, this is how pressure cookers work, it cooks stuff quicker because the water under pressure is a higher temperature than 100 degrees, pressure cookers usually let water reach around 120 degrees C before it boils (kettles are not sealed so the pressure doesn't build up much) if a kettle was under pressure the water would boil at a temperature above 100C and that would be bad news if all you want to do is make a cup of tea. the higher up you go above sea level the lower the air pressure and therefore the lower temperature is needed to boil the water (high pressure= higher temp needed to reach boiling point, lower pressure = lower temp needed) the reason a kettle doesn't switch off with the lid open is that the steam escapes through the MUCh larger opening and does not travel down the tube to trip the metal disk. www.thermal-sensor.com/upfiles/13172138801INSERTING_KETTLE_THERMOSTAT_KSD300B.jpg (when the steam hits the metal it warps it and the strip in the centre of the disk flips the switch, as it cools the metal returns to its original shape and the switch is reset) it is simple and it is genius its not a temperature cutoff, its a boiling point cut off, it is not dependent on the temperature of the water, only whether it is boiling and producing steam which as I said before can change depending on your altitude above sea level (air pressure), the switch will always work when steam is produced regardless of the waters temperature or the air pressure.

Same for me. And it explains why the handle gets quite hot on a lot of different models. This small thing on a bottom could be the emergency switch if you turn a cattle without water. Not 100% sure, just assume that.

Hmh our Kettle still worked even though the lid was broken and there was a big hole in the middle. But it also was a fancy one with a temp sensor inside it

*shut off not shot off. Also its keep the *lid open not keep the lean open. I suppose all those shocks have messed you up a bit.

_"...as long as you get the water rice ratio correct in the first place."_ Actually, the ratio can be anything you like as long as there is enough *or more* water than required for the rice. The excess water will continue to boil and leave the rice cooker as steam until what is left has been absorbed by the rice. At that point, the temperature will rise and turn off the rice cooker.

Rice cookers are the most ingenious design out there, popcorn moisture sensors is a close second

Ah, a Technology Connections viewer as well?

@@swiftythegathering this is exactly the comment I was looking for

It is amazing isn't it? There can also be a difference in the amount of water and rice added. Meaning you don't always have to get the ratio correct. I've had experiences where I thought the water was too much and yet the Rice Cooker prepared the rice perfectly. Clearly it was made with the intention of helping cook rice quick and easily, despite an incorrect ratio, and I am very grateful 🤣.

As it happens, youtube has a number of kettle teardown videos. James Henry's "Kettle secret" is a favourite.

I believe they are both Russel-Hobbs brand.

Yes the black one almost certainly also has an equipment protection thermal cutout switch. It will be attached to the upper side of the switch assembly in contact with the metal base above it.

Mine has a microprocessor and you can set the temp. Say 55 degrees c, hits that temp and off.

Yep. Similar to the photocopiers I used to work on, which had two devices - a thermistor to sense the temperature, and a thermal switch/fuse, exactly like the one in the white kettle, that would open when things got too hot, just as a safety device. I believe they were supposed to reset themselves, but they would sometimes fail to do so.

This is accurately correct and that is the common design of electric kettles. Normally, the so called "vapor" was a steam which could be hotter than the temperature of a boiling water. The thermostat disc will actuate once the steam get a contact with it. This video is nonsense I thought it was a good one. Conducting experiment without a further knowledge on the equipment to be used for the test 😖

@@elixerlucas4936 Yep, it was all pretty obvious if you actually know how the control mechanisms were designed and where the transducers are. The practicalities are still interesting.

The key to understand it all is in the fact that the manual switch and the automatic switch are combined into a single component. This is what allows the manual switch to flip automatically. Since one kettle has the switch at the top, it only needs a hole at the top to conduct the vapor to the switch. Whereas the other needs a metal tube to conduct the vapor downwards where the switch is.

Hello sir, I'm a bit late but you seem to have somewhat of an understanding of this so maybe you can answer this. When I watched the video, I thought that the Thermostat was the thing controlling the shut off and the little grey metal thing (you can see it jammed underneath the top screw at 8:28) was the safty feature. But after watching the video and reading your comment it turns out the Thermostat is the saftey feature... But what is that metallic thing then? I though thats one of those things that melts once it reaches a certain temperature, thus permanently cutting the circuit (think its called thermal fuse?), but it seems to me thats unlikely as companies usually cut costs if possible and two saftey features seems like "cuttable cost". But on the other hand I think those things only cost a few cents so might just be a double thing anways.

@@Gegi1992 I wouldnt call the thermostat a safety feature. its more like a feature to not let your water boil away if you happen to walk away for too long (intended use of the kettle aka make hot water). The thermal fuse is the actual safety thing so that IF your kettle boils dry (unintended effect) for some reason it wont just keep heating and set things on fire. Once the thermal fuse pops you have to replace or bypass it if you want to keep using the kettle because it permanently breaks the circuit.

Then help the dude out he literally asked in his comment how they worked..

UNCENSORED S*X ASIANTEEN.SPACE 👆 Megan: "Hotter" Hopi: "Sweeter" Joonie: "Cooler" Yoongi: "Butter Asi con toy y sus mañas no se la lease que escriba bien mamon hay nomas pa ra reirse un rato y no estar triste y estresado.por la vida dura que se vive hoy . Köz karaş: ''Taŋ kaldım'' Erinder: ''Sezimdüü'' Jılmayuu: ''Tattuuraak'' Dene: ''Muzdak'' Jizn, kak krasivaya melodiya, tolko pesni pereputalis. Aç köz arstan Bul ukmuştuuday ısık kün bolçu, jana arstan abdan açka bolgon. Uyunan çıgıp, tigi jer-jerdi izdedi. Al kiçinekey koyondu gana taba algan. Al bir az oylonboy koyondu karmadı. ''Bul koyon menin kursagımdı toyguza albayt'' dep oylodu arstan. Arstan koyondu öltüröyün dep jatkanda, bir kiyik tigi tarapka çurkadı. Arstan aç köz bolup kaldı. Kiçine koyondu emes, çoŋ kiyikti jegen jakşı dep oylodu.#垃圾 Son unos de los mejores conciertos , no puede ir pero de tan solo verlos desde pantalla, se que estuvo sorprendente 💗❤️💌💘💟

@AGNÉZ Buny Girls i love how acknowledges his failed predictions

@@stevethea5250 Why are you replying this to the spam pornography comment?

@@liam3284 that doesnt explain the results

Same. I wondered why my kettle wouldn't switch off even if steam was already clearly starting to rise from the spout, but it quickly turned off after the lid started to audibly "jiggle" from the pressure of the steam inside. That was probably the point where the pressure was definitely high enough to travel down the tube and heat the bi-metal

I love these pr0n bots thank you UKposts! dislike counter was definitely the glaring issue with your platform

@@FieRcEOFF gay away bruh

@@samholdsworth420 I'm sure Google/Alphabet intend to ensure that UKposts loses money as there are so many annoyances, feature shortfalls, feature retractions and general crappiness, which really shouldn't be nearly as abundant for such a mammoth software company. I really miss the days when Google was a good* company, which support open source projects and strived to make the internet a greater platform overall.

UNCENSORED S*X ASIANTEEN.SPACE 👆 Megan: "Hotter" Hopi: "Sweeter" Joonie: "Cooler" Yoongi: "Butter Asi con toy y sus mañas no se la lease que escriba bien mamon hay nomas pa ra reirse un rato y no estar triste y estresado.por la vida dura que se vive hoy . Köz karaş: ''Taŋ kaldım'' Erinder: ''Sezimdüü'' Jılmayuu: ''Tattuuraak'' Dene: ''Muzdak'' Jizn, kak krasivaya melodiya, tolko pesni pereputalis. Aç köz arstan Bul ukmuştuuday ısık kün bolçu, jana arstan abdan açka bolgon. Uyunan çıgıp, tigi jer-jerdi izdedi. Al kiçinekey koyondu gana taba algan. Al bir az oylonboy koyondu karmadı. ''Bul koyon menin kursagımdı toyguza albayt'' dep oylodu arstan. Arstan koyondu öltüröyün dep jatkanda, bir kiyik tigi tarapka çurkadı. Arstan aç köz bolup kaldı. Kiçine koyondu emes, çoŋ kiyikti jegen jakşı dep oylodu.#垃圾 Son unos de los mejores conciertos , no puede ir pero de tan solo verlos desde pantalla, se que estuvo sorprendente 💗❤️💌💘💟

Thanks for the clarification, that's exactly what I was thinking from the start of the video: most cheap boilers seem to have a vapor sensor (= mechanic, very basic & cheap), the heat sensor is just for safety.... I was quite disappointed he didn't think about that, that seemed obvious

UNCENSORED S*X ASIANTEEN.SPACE 👆 Megan: "Hotter" Hopi: "Sweeter" Joonie: "Cooler" Yoongi: "Butter Asi con toy y sus mañas no se la lease que escriba bien mamon hay nomas pa ra reirse un rato y no estar triste y estresado.por la vida dura que se vive hoy . Köz karaş: ''Taŋ kaldım'' Erinder: ''Sezimdüü'' Jılmayuu: ''Tattuuraak'' Dene: ''Muzdak'' Jizn, kak krasivaya melodiya, tolko pesni pereputalis. Aç köz arstan Bul ukmuştuuday ısık kün bolçu, jana arstan abdan açka bolgon. Uyunan çıgıp, tigi jer-jerdi izdedi. Al kiçinekey koyondu gana taba algan. Al bir az oylonboy koyondu karmadı. ''Bul koyon menin kursagımdı toyguza albayt'' dep oylodu arstan. Arstan koyondu öltüröyün dep jatkanda, bir kiyik tigi tarapka çurkadı. Arstan aç köz bolup kaldı. Kiçine koyondu emes, çoŋ kiyikti jegen jakşı dep oylodu.#垃圾 Son unos de los mejores conciertos , no puede ir pero de tan solo verlos desde pantalla, se que estuvo sorprendente 💗❤️💌💘💟

Ah good. That’s how I thought they worked.

Convection

That’s actually how my kettle works because it also has settings for other temperatures too.

UNCENSORED S*X ASIANTEEN.SPACE 👆 Megan: "Hotter" Hopi: "Sweeter" Joonie: "Cooler" Yoongi: "Butter Asi con toy y sus mañas no se la lease que escriba bien mamon hay nomas pa ra reirse un rato y no estar triste y estresado.por la vida dura que se vive hoy . Köz karaş: ''Taŋ kaldım'' Erinder: ''Sezimdüü'' Jılmayuu: ''Tattuuraak'' Dene: ''Muzdak'' Jizn, kak krasivaya melodiya, tolko pesni pereputalis. Aç köz arstan Bul ukmuştuuday ısık kün bolçu, jana arstan abdan açka bolgon. Uyunan çıgıp, tigi jer-jerdi izdedi. Al kiçinekey koyondu gana taba algan. Al bir az oylonboy koyondu karmadı. ''Bul koyon menin kursagımdı toyguza albayt'' dep oylodu arstan. Arstan koyondu öltüröyün dep jatkanda, bir kiyik tigi tarapka çurkadı. Arstan aç köz bolup kaldı. Kiçine koyondu emes, çoŋ kiyikti jegen jakşı dep oylodu.#垃圾 Son unos de los mejores conciertos , no puede ir pero de tan solo verlos desde pantalla, se que estuvo sorprendente 💗❤️💌💘💟

This was my thought as well, they need a safety for when the kettle is turned on when dry...

There should be three: the third also acts through bi-metallic distortion at a yet higher temperature and with more decided force, popping the kettle off its electrical contacts in the base. It re-sets automatically when cooled and the kettle pressed down on the base. In old-style kettles with the plug on the side this was a prong that would spring out and had to be re-set manually, usually by forcing the plug back in against the considerable resistance of the spring until it once more latched against the bi-metallic catch. This was actually the first safety feature in early electric kettles that relied on the human remembering to switch them off when boiled. 😀

the good kind of wrong, yes

And awesome that experiments still get done when confident of the outcome, to then be proven wrong

@Lankia Yuta what

@Lankia Yuta lmao

well there's your fire hazard protection

There's a thermal fuse that goes off above certain temperature. It will reset itself after a while, when it cools down. Meanwhile you can't power it on anymore. Probably the fuse that Steve found was the thermal fuse and not the triggering mechanism.

I have the same kettle and the same problem exactly. They should really have a back-up sensor-switch like the kettles in this video to shut it off when it starts boiling regardless of the temperature.

At sea level, kettles do tend to boil the water for about 10 seconds before switching off. Even those that have digital dispay of temperature.

@@andrius0592 Theoretically, yeah... But if a volcano blows up on the other side of the globe, and a few hours later the air pressure in your area goes up, then your water suddenly needs to be 101 C to start boiling

I suspect that the old kettles used this design because accurate temperature measurement actually used to be expensive. But nowadays microcontrollers, and accurate temperature sensors are so cheap, that they use that to detect boiling instead. The reason that it keeps boiling for 10 seconds probably has two reasons. Even modern temp sensors are not perfect (maybe 1-2 degrees accuracy). So the microcontroller likely needs about 1-2 degrees of margin to make sure the water is capable of reaching a *higher temp than the shutoff point. If the sensor only shuts off when it reads exactly 100, it might not always shut off if the water happens to boil at 99.2. That is, they design it to shut off when the sensor reads 98 degrees. But if it shut off immediately without actually boiling, users would be annoyed, so they design it so that the sensor temp is delayed slightly. When the temp sensor reads 75 degrees, the water is probably at 77 degrees. That way, once the sensor reads 98, the water is actually already boiling (or has been for a few seconds). If the sensor is not quite accurate, the water will continue to boil, and the sensor will *eventually switch off. In your case, though. The true boiling temperature is clearly below the temperature margin programmed into the microcontroller. For the lower temp modes, the microcontroller heats the water more slowly as it approaches the target temp. This gives time for the sensor to catch up to the temp of the water. In your case, this might also explain why it continues for 10 seconds.

I live at 2000m(6000+ft) and my kettle just works fine.

It doesn't have to be in the middle, though. Most real binary mixtures have an azeotropic point, which is either the highest or the lowest boiling point of any two ratios those two ingredients can be mixed, including the pure substances. For water/ethanol, the azeotropic point is a low-boiling azeotrope with a boiling point of 78,2 °C, where pure ethanol boils at 78,4 °C. The azeotrope is also the point, where the vapor concentration of both liquids in equilibrium are equal and therefore no separation with pure destillation ist possible.

@@lars3509 I realize I didn't phrase that the best. What I mean is that the boiling point of the mixture would be between the boiling points of the two ingredients.

This video by Tech Ingredients is a good overview of fractional distillation: ukposts.info/have/v-deo/p3J5fZltg615l6M.html

Important for distillation, setting it to around 80-85°C should be enough for the ethanol to vapour away, but the water to stay.

@@HappyBeezerStudios you’d be there forever. The true way to get higher concentration in one run is a reflux column or fractionating column I think they are called. They work by exposing condensedate to hot vapor and essentially redistilling as you go. Imagine the 80/20 mixture condensing from the vodka being reheated by the 80/20 vapor and resulting in 90/10 vapor mixing with the original 80/20 vapor. This is basically how refining of petroleum products work as well. When you drive by a refinery, all those tall tubes with pipes coming out of the top are fractionating columns. Pretty cool

There's kettles with options to shut off at lower temperatures (e.g. for green tea). Might be more likely to find it in a kettle like that since you wouldn't be able to rely on vapors.

See this Technology Connections video for a good explanation: ukposts.info/have/v-deo/ioOFgp6te32Tun0.html

The difference is for a rice cooker you want all the water to be gone, unlike a kettle. When all the water is gone, temperature increases quickly and that's easy to detect. Japan has a lot of kettles that keep water at a given temperature (not boiling, typically 80-95C), with settings allowing you to choose the temperature. So they are actually measuring the temperature properly there.

@@complainer406 I have one of those kettles, I think it's just computer controlled. Reads the temperature with a thermometer and turns off when it hits a set level. There's certainly no steam tube in it and it works with the lid off. I don't know how it knows what the boiling temp is at higher altitudes is, although I do know it works at them. Maybe it's just programmed to assume the liquid is boiling once the temperature stays steady for a bit. The old rice cookers he's talking about work by detecting when the temperature at the bottom of the kettle goes above the boiling temperature of water. Because that means all the water has boiled off, so the rice is done.

UNCENSORED S*X ASIANTEEN.SPACE 👆 Megan: "Hotter" Hopi: "Sweeter" Joonie: "Cooler" Yoongi: "Butter Asi con toy y sus mañas no se la lease que escriba bien mamon hay nomas pa ra reirse un rato y no estar triste y estresado.por la vida dura que se vive hoy . Köz karaş: ''Taŋ kaldım'' Erinder: ''Sezimdüü'' Jılmayuu: ''Tattuuraak'' Dene: ''Muzdak'' Jizn, kak krasivaya melodiya, tolko pesni pereputalis. Aç köz arstan Bul ukmuştuuday ısık kün bolçu, jana arstan abdan açka bolgon. Uyunan çıgıp, tigi jer-jerdi izdedi. Al kiçinekey koyondu gana taba algan. Al bir az oylonboy koyondu karmadı. ''Bul koyon menin kursagımdı toyguza albayt'' dep oylodu arstan. Arstan koyondu öltüröyün dep jatkanda, bir kiyik tigi tarapka çurkadı. Arstan aç köz bolup kaldı. Kiçine koyondu emes, çoŋ kiyikti jegen jakşı dep oylodu.#垃圾 Son unos de los mejores conciertos , no puede ir pero de tan solo verlos desde pantalla, se que estuvo sorprendente 💗❤️💌💘💟

10:34 also has the sound effect while showing some clickbait article.

Kettles boiling alcohol is tight!

Yeah, old school blinkers used to work this way. Technology Connections made a neat video about it.

There you go!! Convection! Smart fella. Convection is the key.

100% correct.

That's the usual way I've seen. The sensor (bimetallic strip or whatever) is set a bit below 100°C, but the delay in steam reaching it and heating it means the kettle has been boiling for a few seconds when it trips. I'm told some electronic kettles (some of the ones that can be set to stay hot, I guess) use more exact sensing of water temp instead, but I've never seen one doing that. All the ones I've seen let the steam heat something in the handle. And they run forever if you don't close the lid, because not enough steam goes through the handle :-)

@@RupertReynolds1962 My kettle has options to turn off at lower temps, so it must be detecting the temp, it must also have one of those vapor detectors though since it always shuts off when the water's boiling (I live at a high elevation so water only boils at 95C and it shuts off fine)

@@complainer406 There's a thought. I hadn't thought that altitude would make that much difference, unless you live halfway up Mt Everest!

@@RupertReynolds1962 I would not be surprised if those still include the standard two bimetal strips for boiling and thermal overload detection that likely physically throw the power switch still. Ultimately they have fewer failure modes than the thermistor, microcontroller and mosfet setup so they make for better safety devices.

this is the answer

@@philw9339 Really?? That has made my day... :-D

I hate being near my pressure cooker when its on lol my kettle lid flipped open and launched water out, cnt imagen what that would do if it failed.

It was a worthy read, and I learned something new

@@FirstLast-cc6cv sick :)

Thank you for this :)

Pressure also makes a huge difference. On top of that you can superheat water in a microwave oven only to have it flash boil when disturbed.

@@RC-nq7mg yes the boiling temp would be accounting for whatever atmosphere the liquid is currently in. And wow I didn't realize that was possible! Going to try and do it myself now haha

Liquid is a far better conductor of heat than air. If we assume the bubbles are 5° hotter than the surrounding liquid, surely the liquid would absorb that heat rather quickly. Also the bubbles don't stay on the heating element for long at all (not even a second) before being displaced again by liquid. Additionally there are far less bubbles along the element than volume of liquid. So even if the liquid were cooler than the air the and the air was super heated, I doubt there would be much of a temp change registered by the element due to the bubbles alone.

@@xmarine73 Liquids, water inparticular, have a very high thermal capacity, this is not the same as being a good conductor. Infact water has pretty decent insulative qualities, it is very slow to change its temperature relative to its surroundings (why you get liquid water in lakes in midwinter, and why oceanic warm water currents can transport heat so far). Each individual bubble doesnt stay in contact with the surface for very long no, but as soon as it seperates it is immediately replaced by another one. Air bubbles (or any other voids) in a heat exchanger can cause localised hotspots which can very rapidly damage the structure.

@@shaniamonde7341 we don't put boiled eggs in cold air (freezer or refrigerator) to stop them from being overcooked... we put them in cold water. Why is that? The sheer volume of liquid, in this experiment, versus the relatively small amount of air would indicate that the allegedly super heated gas that is cooled very quickly by the cooler liquid surrounding it. Another way to prove this is pretty simple (and I'm sure we've all done this). Boil a pot of water. Once it's boiling place your hand over the pot relatively close to the water (being careful to prevent being splashed) and test the heat. The gases coming off the pot are much cooler than that boiling liquid that you would never put your hand in. Sure there's a bit of diffusion with "room temperature" gases at the surface of the liquid but we're talking superheated gas, right? Which is hotter right at the surface - the gas or the liquid? If you were to put a mug into the water and capture the gas and the same mug into the water to scoop a water sample... which has the hotter contents? Are you claiming the gas bubble that's created and potentially super heated gives up that heat in the extremely short distance/time it travels through the water before being expelled?

Thanks. That theory makes and we’ll see if he’ll do a follow up and find the reason

@@xmarine73 Eggs cooled in water as waters high thermal capacity allows it to absorb a lot of energy without changing temperature. Also easy access to an essentially infinite free flowing cold fluid, air cooling would give no forced convection unlike a running tap. Do not put your hand over a pot of boiling water! The water vapour coming off the boiling water is by its very nature more energetic than the liquid water... that is why it is steam! As stated in the video liquids cannot exceed their boiling point (unless held under special conditions, pressurised etc) the only way the additional energy can be absorbed is by the liquid transforming into steam. Steam has no such upper temperature limit and can be many times hotter than the liquid. The reason steam may 'feel' colder is that you have less contact between your hand and the steam, it is diluted into a large volume of ambient air. And yes steam does give up its heat very rapidly, that is why any surfaces near boiling water get covered in condensated water, immediately on contact with a colder surface the steam deposits its energy and reverts to a lower temperature (energy) state, ie water.

UNCENSORED S*X ASIANTEEN.SPACE 👆 Megan: "Hotter" Hopi: "Sweeter" Joonie: "Cooler" Yoongi: "Butter Asi con toy y sus mañas no se la lease que escriba bien mamon hay nomas pa ra reirse un rato y no estar triste y estresado.por la vida dura que se vive hoy . Köz karaş: ''Taŋ kaldım'' Erinder: ''Sezimdüü'' Jılmayuu: ''Tattuuraak'' Dene: ''Muzdak'' Jizn, kak krasivaya melodiya, tolko pesni pereputalis. Aç köz arstan Bul ukmuştuuday ısık kün bolçu, jana arstan abdan açka bolgon. Uyunan çıgıp, tigi jer-jerdi izdedi. Al kiçinekey koyondu gana taba algan. Al bir az oylonboy koyondu karmadı. ''Bul koyon menin kursagımdı toyguza albayt'' dep oylodu arstan. Arstan koyondu öltüröyün dep jatkanda, bir kiyik tigi tarapka çurkadı. Arstan aç köz bolup kaldı. Kiçine koyondu emes, çoŋ kiyikti jegen jakşı dep oylodu.#垃圾 Son unos de los mejores conciertos , no puede ir pero de tan solo verlos desde pantalla, se que estuvo sorprendente 💗❤️💌💘💟

I believe that's actually a safety function, If there's too much pressure build up Opening the lid could cause nasty burns.

Welp! I couldn't find the humidifier years ago when I had a cold and just used my first kettle with the lid open. Fell asleep and it boiled dry... I'm flipping lucky I didn't die or anything aren't I 🤧

@@BramLastname doubt it, i don't think a kettle is capable of holding enough pressure, or generating steam fast enough for the pressure to increase momentarily. However if the kettle was able to do such a thing, I would agree. EDIT: on second thoughts perhaps it was designed that way anyway regardless of the pressure function being needed.

@@mysticmusical Damn, I wish I lived somewhere dry enough that I needed to use a humidifier. Here in Ireland the struggle is trying to dehumidify your house..

@@liamholcroft7212 in theory it's possible if the little steam pipe gets blocked by something But I agree it's likely not an intentional design.

I don't think steam will normally be below 100c (for the same reason that water is not normally above 100c). However, steam mixed with air can be below 100c.

Carl Mueller steam from other elements, for example ethanol. Did you watch the video?

@@chyza2012 I consider this pure nitpicking, since the OP was right: 1. pure water's steam can be colder than 100 degC (at lower pressure), 2. the liquid (pedantic, heh? 😜) can be non-pure water with different boiling point, and 3., the most important: in science, in real world, there is no such thing as IS or Equal. There is only "similar", "close to", "within certain tolerance". And this is not nitpicking: once anyone start engineering something, in any profession, will encounter that practically there is no such thing as "equal".

your pfp brought back memories lol

Pressure cookers also work.

@@I.C.Weiner thats not superheated liquid tough since pressure changes the boiling point

@@urhop1999 If you can supercool something you might be able to superheat it. Supercooled water IS a thing, you are preventing the molecules from forming a solid crystal structure by not letting the water grab onto anything to even start the solidification process (contaminants or any amount of ice formations/disturbances). Same thing can probably done with a gas.

@@slowfudgeballs9517 I know

@@urhop1999 Yeah but it's really cool isn't it? Now more people know.

Which is why the kettle, and all kettles, have two switches with the second switch taking care of the second point you mentioned.

@@krashd Well both switches would be taking care of the second function. That was sort of my point, generating heat is literally the easiest thing to do in an appliance. If you make any sort of appliance and fail so miserably as to make it 0% efficient, you've still made a heating device which is 100% efficient in its heating, while reaching 100% efficiency in any other application is practically impossible.

a part number for finding the datasheet to find out what that thing is would be my first action. screw him if he left that out.

UNCENSORED S*X ASIANTEEN.SPACE 👆 Megan: "Hotter" Hopi: "Sweeter" Joonie: "Cooler" Yoongi: "Butter Asi con toy y sus mañas no se la lease que escriba bien mamon hay nomas pa ra reirse un rato y no estar triste y estresado.por la vida dura que se vive hoy . Köz karaş: ''Taŋ kaldım'' Erinder: ''Sezimdüü'' Jılmayuu: ''Tattuuraak'' Dene: ''Muzdak'' Jizn, kak krasivaya melodiya, tolko pesni pereputalis. Aç köz arstan Bul ukmuştuuday ısık kün bolçu, jana arstan abdan açka bolgon. Uyunan çıgıp, tigi jer-jerdi izdedi. Al kiçinekey koyondu gana taba algan. Al bir az oylonboy koyondu karmadı. ''Bul koyon menin kursagımdı toyguza albayt'' dep oylodu arstan. Arstan koyondu öltüröyün dep jatkanda, bir kiyik tigi tarapka çurkadı. Arstan aç köz bolup kaldı. Kiçine koyondu emes, çoŋ kiyikti jegen jakşı dep oylodu.#垃圾 Son unos de los mejores conciertos , no puede ir pero de tan solo verlos desde pantalla, se que estuvo sorprendente 💗❤️💌💘💟

I don't think you can get much simpler than that for an electric kettle that turns off automatically.

I believe that would require electronics but there's none of that inside

That actually sounds like a better design. I don't know whether it would be cheaper to manufacture though

@@rock4cheeseput in an empty kettle then it would just melt into oblivion

i think that is how microcontroller-operated kettles do it; i'm not sure though. I have one. It turns off even with the lid open (although sometimes it takes a while), yet has problems turning off with only a small amount of water in it (not sure why).

This is the future of humanity: people that don't have the attention span to watch a whole video over 10 mins.

I didn't even know that they shut off automatically. Never used one. This video was an introduction to electric kettles for me.

I was also wondering "but would they really make it based on a temperature sensor? Would that be reliable?" After all, you do want the kettle to turn off even at higher altitudes/low pressure, but you don't want it to turn off too early at sea level, so there's no 'one size fits all' temperature-based solution. Not to mention, it would need a fairly precise sensor. A few degrees off, and you either end up turning off before the water starts to boil, or you end up waiting for the water to reach, say, 102 C, which it never will. If anything, I would expect perhaps something based on the rate of temperature change, as that could give you some insight into what is happening in the kettle (the temperature rises too quickly? Uh oh, perhaps the kettle is empty! The temperature rises slowly? Good, we're heating up the water. The temperature stops to rise? Looks like it's boiling. Though there's also the issue that once the water starts boiling, you get vapor bubbles at the base of the container, which means there's less liquid water touching the heating plate, which could also allow the plate itself to maybe continue heating up, dunno.) Still, while in theory maybe such a solution could work, it would probably be way more complex than what they actually use.

> Don't know where I got the idea but feels nice to know I was somehow right :) I got the idea from the fact that the water is clearly boiling for quite a bunch of seconds, yet still takes a while for the kettle to switch off. I wonder what happens with a kettle with no water? I notice the cheap kettles mention they have some kind of boil dry protection built in or something, but I've never dared to test it.

@@lollycopter I remember accidentally turning on an empty kettle (I thought there was water in it left over from earlier, but I was wrong), and the result was... a bit of unpleasant smell (like burnt plastic), but it turned off quickly, and there was no permanent damage from what I can tell. I've heard though that some kettles have a safety that - once it goes off - needs to be replaced before the kettle can be turned on again. For reference, mine kettle was a small, super cheap Sencor one, that's mostly made of plastic.

@@adog3129you’re clearly not British then haha. Not one British person in existence to not use a kettle regularly