Yes I know I would!

Details, like for example at 3:52, how come the middle section of SiO2 and Poly stays intact after etching ? (maybe I missed something)

Very much so this is just way too short for such an amazing accomplishment

YES!

Well well well! Yeah, we certainly need some APPLIED SCIENCE here.

If you've done a degree in electronics at universities, some universities have professional grade equipment for making integrated circuits, so that is one way the knowledge can be obtained.

"home" bruh, did you see all the equipmement he have?

Eh, I’m fine with it. It is more self explanatory to layman like me than something like “home lab made silicon chip”. Actually, that’s more explanatory, but I’m still fine with homemade.

I still don't understand it

@@TheSonofseventhson he probably has 50k worth of equipment

Thanks!! It’s a microscope so I look thru the eyepiece and move the XY around, the projected image is visible on the chip. First I project it using red light for alignment, then switch to UV for exposure once everything’s right

@@SamZeloof Your project is really cool! I can only imagine your homemade silicone chips improving! Do you think if making a mold(the mold blocking the unwanted rays) for the 2:06 part where instead of a projector, X-rays!(with a x-ray machine of sorts) Just an idea because the wavelength of x-rays is much smaller allowing for much smaller transistors(hopefully). And even possibly making it front and back sided on a single chip(theoretically for more complicated tech)? I am looking forward to your next homemade chip videos even if its next year... or the next! I am now subscribed!

@@blacdiamond2334 we are getting into dangerous territory here. theoretically, yes, but he's not limited by his wavelength yet. Remember, he's not in a cleanroom. There's only so much you can do in a garage. Also, working with xray is very very dangerous and not worth it at all. Also, there's a reason the industry skipped xray and moved into EUV (cost, risk, DUV is good enough, etc...)

@@himura128 All that gear - he's in a garage?

It's photolithography when you do it in a lab and ghetto-lithography when you do it in the house.

can't wait for homemade 74hc610s

Not even actually at 2 nanometers

What mom says reefer? Lmao

@@elihernandez330 mine and his

That's the same thing!

"and reefer too!"

@@elihernandez330 Who bakes a phosphorous dopant in his garage? ;-)

To build a computer, first you must create an -Apple Pie- Universe

@@benholroyd5221 Yeah my comment is based on this statement

go mining for the raw ore, then come talk to me ! j/k This is awesome !

@@jasonrubik someone is doing it ukposts.infovideos

@@ThienPowChong I have been subscribed to him for years. I hope he is able to build an integrated circuit soon !

That's exactly what the chip manufacturers want you (and competitors) to think. Obviously they are light-years ahead of the general public unfortunately.

​@@Jell0zz agree

@@KaiCanvasSame, open source hardware is clearly feasible just not at a meaningful scale or jigh performance. I can see this being a possibility for as close to guaranteed secure communication as you can.

@@karatefrosch17 I do think that open source hardware is worth for life long project, at least I have something to be proud of when I was old.

Technically not from scratch, but I guess we crossed that bridge a LONG time ago(see that one guy who tried to make a TOASTER from scratch).

I used to work IT for a company that sold high vacuum equipment - it's definitely impressive, especially given how expensive high vacuum is.

You mean you arent? Gee I always thought people working in those big semiconductor fabrication jobs would have mini manufacturing plants in their home like Breaking Bad but instead of Meth ya'll dealing silicon wafers.

@@ChristopherJones16 The last thing I wanna see at home after a 12 hour shift in the CR is more silicon wafers...

@@Yeeren I guess it’s different in the silicon world. In the machinists world they all got lathes and 5 axis milling machines in their garages. Figured the more nerdier the industry the more diehard they are. Perhaps they overwork everyone in the silicon industry? Well we know it’s no secret the entire tech industry is overworked when they hang nets outside Apple buildings, and have yoga studios and massage parlors at work next to the Smoothie Bar.

@@ChristopherJones16 I suspect it’s partly a matter of scale. This video was amazing, but the tools used in this video are so different from what someone would use on a job, that the process is actually pretty different. It also means that what you can get out of it is really different. Unlike with machining, in the integrated circuit world you are much better off just buying whatever you want, because general purpose micro controllers, PLDs, and FPGAs are so cheap and flexible. What I saw in this video is absolutely awesome, but it’s awesome because it’s being done as a single man operation. Not because it beats a cheap FPGA in most uses.

By 2030 Sam has developed a practical single nanometre transistor and has perfected general purpose Quantum Computation

He will be working for Intel or AMD before 2025, mark those words.

@@GeomancerHT Intel and AMD are too busy sitting in their high castles.

@@GeomancerHT More like TSMC or Samsung.

@@GeomancerHT Probably faster to build his own company and replace them…

the opps got him

He runs a startup called atomic semi

​@@HyperFXMotionDesign buy the stocks

My same thought

Yes in our class all we got to do was a single layer "antenna"... and it was almost entirely hands off... I think someone setting a leaking canister of HF on thier foot a few years back spooked them out of letting anyone do anything serious in the lab as undergrads... which is sad.

That would mean actually teaching something, too dangerous. Let's just read some useless materials instead and teach some nonsense math that we will never go in depth anyways because computers already do that for us or something. And also let's charge a ridiculous amount of money to basically teach people to push a button.

You know that schools today don't teach you anything useful right....

@@TheCuteZombie you get it

@@ethanspaziani1070 it started like a medium for sharing knowledge, where people had to work hard to learn and get knowledge. Now it's just a Ford's style production line where the only purpose is to get a piece of paper for validation, no point in actually sharing knowledge. An empty shell of a glorious past. But who I am to question the social machine.

Hopefully he can design a ALU or even basic CPU. That would be an incredible achievement

@@burntoutelectronics - True indeed! Heck, he's already surpassed by far the density of the ICs used in the Apollo space program! (if memory serves)

I was going to say something like, "homemade... well, I am not sure I can do this at MY home"... :D Awesome work!!

My home shop is not that well equipped. Thought I might see a garden rake or a bicycle hanging from the ceiling. 😂🤣 amazing contentNEW SUBSCRIBER.

I could not agree more. Amazing. Can you say "passion"?

he could be enrichening Uranium in the lab ...😜

@@fidelcatsro6948 sure! haha!

check out david hahn

@@LoneWolf-wp9dn yes the boy who built a nuclear device in his home backyard or garage!

It is impressive and if you would like to see more at, (and sometimes above) this level, you can watch Ben from "Applied Science".

you win the internet today lol

Exactly my thoughts. There are exactly 3 companies producing chips for the entire planet. None of those are in the USA. And China is being a cunt. The world needs independence from them.

@@ericbenjaminjr only 3?

@@janospeh9503 Intel, TSMC and Texas Instruments I believe. TSMC is by far the largest by production and I think Texas Instruments only makes simple chips for calculators and other low power devices. There’s a few other smaller players, and a few that only operate in mainland China

@@jerry3790 Don't forget ones like Samsung, GlobalFoundries, Micron, and SK Hynix. Pretty much all the biggest companies do have fabs in the US as well. With the exception of China, most of these companies operate multinationally.

i like to ask how hard it be to make cheap from 1990? because a lot of retro system from late 70s and 80s needing replacement chips and all that

Just a question, he's doping a P-type wafer with an N-type solution, Does the mixture of these two impurities doesn't ruin the efficiency of these gates?

@@guruxara7994 "Polysilicon is often deposited as undoped material and is then doped by diffusion" ~ Richard C. Jaeger. So, assuming the poly layer was initially undoped, the introduction of n-type impurities reduced the resistivity and therefore improved the gate's switching time.

Back when you could work in fabs as a summer job

I highly doubt that there are any entry level jobs in that industry anymore. Only job that is walk in ready at a fab is the lunch room cleaner

He shows the exposure setup can be used to observe the system too, I wonder if he can use a different light wavelength for alignment?

Yup the lithography machine is a projector bolted to a microscope, so I can look thru the eyepiece to align chip layers. Use red light to align, UV to expose. but the image shifts and distorts when changing between wavelengths due to chromatic aberration so you need to do some calibration

@@zoidbergVII He is not down to say any 7nm yet so an ordinary microscope and micro X-Y controls are more than enough.

I guess his process is similar to Huygens Optics, see Maskless Wafer Stepper videos. There is an explanation of those steps there.

@@SamZeloof this microscope alignment process deserves it's own video like all the other steps! Fascinating stuff!

Do you still make now?

@@akashpaul909 read the damn comment again

@PRETTY GIRL TSMC hired him

Even if we went back to the middle ages from a disaster.. I speculate we wouldnt be in the "middle ages" for long.. It would probably take civilization a year to go from middle age to the 1800s in terms of technology and production(pre-industrial revolution). Look at what the Professor accomplished on Gilligan's Island : D . This would make for a great experiment/reality tv show. Take a 100 engineers, doctors, chemists, farmers, and miners, drop them on an island with nothing and see what they can accomplish in one year. I imagine it would be most impressive.. Look at what one man accomplishes in his youtube channel "Primitive Technology" (his channel is pure Gold). So have no fear. Society will bounce back quickly.

Hahahhahaah. Same

To be fair, his garage is well equipped with chemicals and electronic equipment from other sources.

yes! this! the fear that the common man couldn't continue. the truth is, we would and seeing this makes me happy. even if WW3 happens, and modernity ends, we will probably leave enough information behind to grow again

a girl also did this ... Jeri ellsworth. Making Microchips at Home - Cooking with Jeri Part1 - UKposts

@@AnalogDude_ That totally sounds like Jeri. She'll tackle anything. Fun to hang with too.

@@CommodoreGreg yeah, she is amazing, would love to meet her and discus ...

@@AnalogDude_ now, what if the two collaborated.... ;P

@@damiengates7581 hmm, the chemicals involved with it.

I know right, I custom designed a bunch of electrostatic genies this year that make around 100 KV and this video made me feel like a caveman....

You're a student still my guy. You start somewhere. You end up wherever the journey takes you. Flying FPV drones is a good pursuit. It will teach you all the mechanics of flight plus you learn to troubleshoot and fix stuff every time you crash. Maybe even CAD and 3D Printing. Just follow whatever interests you.

watching people smarter or more capable than yourself keeps yourself groundet avoiding Dunning Kruger effect. So thats nice. More people should do that.

@@tami6867 fun fact: the dunning-kruger study (and ones replicating) uses a flawed methodology that introduces auto-correlation into it's conclusion; without correlating non-independently measured data, the effect disappears. alas, avoiding hubris has not such a simple remedy.

@MichaelKingsfordGray Who hurt you?!

@MichaelKingsfordGray Dude are you ok?

@MichaelKingsfordGray take your pills bro, or stop drinking.

@MichaelKingsfordGray Lost comments

Amd*

That may have been the equipment cost new but an used HP4145A goes for about $3500 on eBay now a days.

@@anotherdave5107 Still in the realm of impossibility for many of us.

hes developing not producing

@@techalyzer - some ppl buy a $80K car when a used $5K would get the job done. How we spend our money reflects both needs and wants. ( and he may be getting equipment donations from supporters, labs etc. )

not to argue here but first "so does every chip manufacturer everytime they made a chip." n second "kudos to the guy who makes single handedly a f*** microchip on his garage" this videos are amazing men wow

lithography is but one part of designing useful chips. One of the really hard par is also how to connect those transistors into useful circuits. By no means is his work trivial, it's so freaking impressive to see how he does it, but having to hook all those transistors into patterns that can execute jobs is also another field in it self and can take years to release a newer and better version of your old processor. I think there's even more great videos coming from this guy I just found like 10 minutes ago :D

@@svampebob007 well arent you redundant and lacking In any education useful to me

@@trentcoble3793 Yeah I'm so sorry that computer electronics is not available in Tennessee. I should have picked advanced buck fucking? that way you could have picked a college in Alabama or South Carolina since you seem drawn to educated people. Maybe that way you'd be closer to a real university over seas where I got my education. Idk that might be better then just relaying on other people's education, no? because idk about the whole "relay on people's UKposts comments" to learn think, don't you think? ah right no you don't think for yourself! But hey (don't confuse it those words with buck or Hay) I don't want to be too redundant as to write too many words for big 'old Trent :)

@@svampebob007 I honestly really don't think i ever want to figure out what is wrong with your brain

@@trentcoble3793 you commented as if lithography was a mystical, alien technology that you had just been granted special access to, but then start crying in response to a comment pointing you to the further manufacturing marvels of processor design. "You have successfully torn down hours of frustrating and difficult research on my end to achieve my goals. You have massive respect from me" transformed into... "I honestly really don't think i ever want to figure out what is wrong with your brain" this change in your replies in response to a simple comment makes it clear which one of you could be suffering from brain damage. what is wrong with you Trent?

ditto

Then you are subscribed to the wrong channels ;)

Moore's law doubles, Zaloof's quadruple :) before year 2030 Zoolaf's Z10500 vs Intel i25500 and Intel loose by 20% would be hilarious

Was laughing at this one in the video 🤣 Don't know why - but it is funny to beat the industry by doing this at home. TechTechPotato channel should feature this - great work regardless 👍💪

Don't feel that! You can really fabricate your own PCB at home (not like this that you need a lab), and while the scale is larger, it's a very similar process. Have a look at it!

the question is, what do you wanna fab? as an SW-Eng I guess you want to start going one step down to HW -> so PCB edging and soldering your own board is much much easier and doesn't require his fairly expensive equipment (at least by what I can tell in the video). If you want to make it even easier on yourself: start by designing your own boards and circuitries and simply order the PCB online (very cheap these days) cause to be honest: there is not much to gain from making your own transistors ;)

@@thetomster7625 being able to make your own computer from scratch isn't useful... you sure?

@@diego032912 that comes down to how you define the word "useful"... having some self-made blinky-lights circuitry (which is about the integration level he can get to) is not much use, since you can buy a chip exponentially more powerful for much less of the money it costs him to run his lab for say, an hour. Point being: its very impressive, what he does, but useful? come on... If you want to make your own computer (and one, that deserve the name) start by writing your own programs, compilers, design your own boards, edge your own boards and solder them in your garage.... all of that is much less costly and way more useful than making your own semi-conductors.

This really makes me wonder what drives the cost of commercial IC manufacturing. I know the machines are expensive, but if he can scrap together some older stuff, it seems like there must be more to it for modern processes.

@@thealienrobotanthropologis8276 Excellent question. As usual it is complicated. Overall cost per chip has actually fallen steadily, but the cost per factory has risen sharply. Bigger wafers need bigger machines and better alignment, which drives up the cost of the machines, but bigger wafers can contain more chips and thus increase production throughput (process time is dependent on number of wafers, not on number of chips). The trend towards smaller structures allows to put more chips on the same area, but also increases production cost, since the machines have to have better alignment and finer control over the process. Occassionally you need completely new processes because you hit a physical limit. So, overall the amount of chips per wafer increases quadratically with finer structure, but the machine cost also increases roughly quadratically with finer structures. Negatives and positives of both trends largely cancel out. In the end it comes out as cheaper chips because of automation and economy of scale. Automation allows higher production speed, more uniform quality and better control. Economy of scale is the reason that only a few super big companies are left at the leading edge of semi-conductor manufacturing. If you build a new factory you have to buy machines within the last few generations, because they just don't build the cheaper old ones anymore. (Why would they, if they can sell an expensive one?) And now for the big super secret sauce that no one talks about: there are still hundreds of older factories whose machines have paid for themselves twice over and which just crank out cheap, boring, routine chips for which nobody asks what feature size they have. Those factories also increase their automation and efficiency, but nobody talks about them... because micro-meters are boring - we want nanos!

@@KonradTheWizzard But I can't think of any piece of equipment that needs to be expensive enough to explain the cost of a new fab. Nothing in the video looks particularly expensive to build. HEPA filters, bunny suits, ESD protection, UV free lighting, etc. aren't that big of a deal financially. Optics of the caliber needed for the state of the art are expensive, but not enough to explain the fab cost. What makes a 5nm fab more expensive to build than a 50nm, 500nm, or 5000nm fab? If they kept the production volume the same, I'd expect the capital costs to be similar.

@@thealienrobotanthropologis8276 Nothing in the video is particular expensive (on an industrial scale), because it works on relatively manageable scales. Let's work with your example scales and use etching as an example: 50µm: no problem, dunk it into some acid that is suitable for the job and wait till enough material is gone. Maybe stir a bit. 5000nm (5µm): not a big problem, you have to stir evenly, control the temperature a bit and be cognizant of the timing. 500nm: liquid etching is becoming really difficult, you have to precisely control the flow (speed and direction) of the acid, temperature has to be precise to at least 1K, timing must be precise to a fraction of a second. Using a plasma instead starts to look like a really good idea now. Not all liquids will even work at that feature size (see below). 50nm: forget liquids. Liquids will not enter such small features and if they are inside they will not leave. So you have to use plasma etching. Doing plasma etching on this level is much more expensive than a simple acid bath, it also requires timing down to milliseconds, high vacuum, flow control and a very controllable microwave. 5nm: the feature size is rapidly approaching a statistical basketball game of whether the ions (proverbial ball) will even find the feature wells they are supposed to go into (basket on a court in a different city). Steering the flow becomes more like black magic than science. That's just one example. Every process has hundreds of problems that need to be solved at every smaller feature size. Occassionally I spend a few hours with people who researched for decades on how to overcome one particularly tricky problem that I didn't even know existed at a specific feature size. It is fascinating for me to listen to... and was expensive for the companies spending the research dollars... I hope that gives you an idea.

How much would all this equipment cost?

OP is drunk again

OP is commenting as if its a mentor, but really just a hack, living in his fantasy world

@@jjaxs1571 already the HP semiconductor parameter analyzer and the HP C Meter/C-V Plotter will run you about a grand each if you can find them used somewhere - the modern equivalent to the aformentioned parameter analyzer will cost you 10k+. And those are just two tools out of many displayed in this video here. If I had to come up with a number I'd estimate the total of the gear on display is in the tens of thousands $ range. This is some seriously impressive kit for a hobbyist, I'm glad it found its rightful owner.

@@redwillrise So will alternative medium sized businesses be able to build low performing chips that are not AMD or Intel anytme in the near future? Open source chip?

C64 SID would be cool too.

Lol well, this would require him to create a logic which is very tedious process that only looks simple.

Give it a few years and it will go this way, I think we will have enthusiasts gradually recreating all the missing chips, maybe a few years yet.

@@alexa.davronov1537 not really. Visual6502 has reverse engineered the original masks. He could copy the masksdirectly without even understanding how they work in detail. But bonding so many pins could be difficult.

​@@Gameboygenius Seriously? Well, he would need not only a single mask, but many. Layers that connects individual transistors require separate steps in production.... There are many metallic layers on top of silicon die which require their own resist/etch/PVD cycle. He also would need to debug it ...

Honestly, it's got more value for instructional and maybe development purposes than for commercial purposes. "Boutique" ic manufacturing is too easily replaced by programmable logic for everything except analogue, and the analogue can be handler by D/A and A/D converters, or the (admittedly rare) "programmable analogue" chips, which just about always will price out this sort of thing. Education & development, in contrast, finds more value in turn-around time, direct experience, and total fab cost than in per-chip cost, and thus has great use for this sort of thing.

@@absalomdraconis Analogue computing may actualy pick up quite a bit in the near future, it turns out to be very effective for machine learning.

@@TheAkashicTraveller I saw that recently too. Can't wait to see more!

An industrialized version of his low spec process could be used to mass produce chip types that are too simple for the extreme factories that make extreme density modern chips. Things like basic logic and analog chips could be made from redesign or licensing from the ones that were introduced in 1965 to 1975. Also power electronics could benefit from the large feature size, such as input circuits for power supplies or DC to AC inverters for solar power etc.

@@johndododoe1411 Well I've got good news for you U.S. patents only last 20 years unlike copyright so anyone can actualy do whatever they want with those. A neat usecase if this goes ahead would be replacement chips for retro devices like computers and games consoles.

No. People do not need open source mask programmable chips. That's a fallacy. What people need are field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). And these exist and you can use them without having to manufacture them yourself. A considerably more efficient way to implement a digital circuit. Home made mask programmable chips have only two uses, and that is for the purposes of fun and education only.

@@deang5622 He did not say it would be useful in commercial applications, just that people deserve to have it. And I agree.

@@NuggetInAJar Then you obviously don't know anything about mask programmable integrated circuits and the equipment and highly dangerous chemicals involved. I do know. Because I have made them in a laboratory setting. So you are agreeing to something without understanding what's involved. Let me tell you now. There is no way on earth any government is going to allow the use of Hydrofluoric acid in a residential home setting. Never in a million years. So stop spewing out nonsense. And go learn more about it, much more about it before making such completely idiotic posts.

I would argue the knowledge is equally as important. @@deang5622

😪@@deang5622

Al sputter is not too bad if you can find a cheap piece of vac equipment to steal pumps and valves from, like a dead NMR, SEM, leak checker, etc.

hahaha

@@user-xf7kk4tq8v 🤣

It really is cool, but a good part of equipment used in the process contains modern chips, so it's not _really_ from scratch.

He's opening doors for "millions".

​@@Hisu0 By that logic, he also didn't mine the silicon himself, or create the tools to mine the silicon himself. He really didn't do anything at all, I guess.

@@Cackl_ It's not about credit, it's about validity of a claim. If you say (or imply) you made something from scratch, it means you made it without using the same [level of] technology. Otherwise, I can 3d print a hammer and claim I "made it at home" or "built it from scratch" when it's obviously not what I was doing. Similarly, it's not expected that you'd mine silica, because chip-grade silicon is available on the level of technology preceding chipmaking.

I saw that too!

Sam will be prepared if he gets sent back in time or if the apocalypse happens. He’ll speed run the digital revolution

In case you ever decide to give it a try, someone several years before also did it (just individual transistors though), and used some sort of ceramics oven for the heating step, with a ceramic wick of some sort (not fiberglass, but something else decently common) to lead high purity water into the oven for oxidization purposes.

@@absalomdraconis Who did it?

2 megs of ram in the early 80's? you sure you didn't misspell "huge" as "modest"?

@@mntrmntr In those days, 2 megs was huge. Currently we are talking micro controllers with 2X that! It is a joy to be able to make fun of that :)

@@mntrmntr Atari ST520 debuted in 1985. 512 k was pretty mindblowing in those days. Most homecomputers up t then had 64kb. Commodore 128 was launched in 1985 too.

@@Rxke The first I owned in the late 80s had only 16k. Good incentive to learn assembly language. Rich kids with their colorful commodores & spectrums only used theirs to play games.

@@mntrmntr 4k here... :) Wrote my own games. They were terrible heehee!

Same but damn I hope he is taking precautions with those very carcinogenic chemicals.

@@pentachronic -- Yeah, and not dumping them in the yard. That was where MOS went wrong. CSG bought out MOS and inherited the pollution problem, then when a company bought out CSG, they abandoned the facility and the EPA deemed it a superfund site.