No new video on the hannibal series? 😰

Hey I whod suggest you ma,e a video about king david the fourth the builder when you'll find time for it but please if you read this and are going to include in your plans reply so I dont annoy you I dont want to be an annoyance

do about basiani battle

Sad black Templar noises intensifies

Mr Author, what are Your souces here? Please explain how come ONE duel of King Jogailla with departed from the main formation single knight was prolonged fight of kings banner? Again, i would ask You for the sources, because You went way off with this one. Most notably You portrait this battle as nearly won by Teutonic Order, while there was no chance of winning it from about 3rd hour of fighting, when the initial heavy cavalry charge of Kinghts failed. Also this altilery thing was so innacurate and so primitive at the time, that it had loterally NO effect on the course of battle.

Every single video about this battle from youtubers is different, but all repeat the old cliche "Lithuania light cavalry", thanks for pointing that out.

I agree with everything you said except for your first point about Lithuanian Light Calvary, they are light Calvary for the reason you stated as well as for the fact that heavy armor was not readily available or adopted as sound military strategy for nation states that were so expansive that they preferred mobility. Also this is cited by many historians to be accurate. Anecdotal, but this is the first I've ever heard to the contrary.

The Light Cavalry was accommodated for fighting in Lithuanian woods and marshes. Therefore it was meaningless to wear full plate body armor, besides that was very expensive. Except 250 Teutons, wealthy guests from Europe/mercenaries and some polish banners (Cracow), I doubt if there were any more knight wearing full metal armor. I agree with no infantry on battlefield... Some knight in the middle of wedge formation were using one hand crossbow, thats true, but "rain of arrows"?

excellent..I always enjoy critics on historic videos ..and that they are NOT DELETED away..it is beneficial to our learning and understanding. Thanx Kamil and thanx HMarche for doing the creative effort..

@@ThroatShredder1087 *"they are light Calvary for the reason you stated as well as for the fact that heavy armor was not readily available"* --- The distinction between light and heavy cavalry is not one of how heavy their armour is but what role did they play on the battlefield and how they fought. We don't have many sources describing this to us in the case of Lithuanian boyars. Equipment however may suggest to us how they fought. What we can say for sure is that Lithuanian boyars were trying to equip themselves with as much protective equipment as possible. They wore a variety of different armours and their combinations like chainmail, lamellar armour, coats of plates, and Rus style helmets. They also used small pavise shields. For the Eastern European standard (everything east of Poland) they are certainly meeting the conditions to call them heavy cavalry. The way Lithuanian troops were employed during the Battle of Grunwald also suggests they were expected to hold the line against Teutonic troops for at least a while. Light cavalry, on the other hand, should skirmish against heavy cavalry, not attack head-on.

The second point is incorrect. The battle started around 7 A.M how would they get fatigued in such a short period of time?

@@opatkapiechoty9759 battle started at around 9 AM*. I was pretty sure thats what i had in my book, so i double checked it on wiki and thats what it shows too. I think they had enough time to get tired, especially since those two people who were sent to give swords to poles, told them to stop resting in forest and to strike already, kinda confirming that it was an issue for teutonic army.

@@ilikeonions1051 i heard yet another interpretation. The day the battle begun was a day when Jesus sent the apostles. Jesus told them to buy 2 swords but not 12 (for each one) in order to defend themselves but not to attack. It was a sort of justification of the battle for the Order. They were not allowed to attack christians. Basically a diplomatic action made in way to insult and enrage Jagiełło.

@@opatkapiechoty9759 i have never heard of it but its interesting. It does make some sense too

I think pontoon bridge was built in Lithuania

I was thinking the same thing if you have commanders from the golden horde you might as well use their tactics

Funny story just before batlle of grundwald, vytautas lost to golden horde at batlle of river vorskla(year 1399) because of exact same maneuver and that's where he learned it. Also this defeat is what caused lithuania to seek alliance with Poland due to heavy losses at this batlle.

Wow, if you only were there!! I bet you could've saved the battle and even conquered EVROPA!!!

" *a textbook steppe manoeuvre* " There was a Lithuanian knight, who went really far with it. Namely, to Vilnius. He arrived first and told everybody that the battle was lost... Basically, I don't buy it. The Lithuanians ran away, Vytautas managed to stop some of the route and counterattacked when it made sense and/or he was able to. Simple. Works.

@@Crazyman12457 " *that's where he learned it* " The Poles were on the brink of collapse. Whether intended or not, this maneuver barely worked. Jogailo himself was in mortal danger, the banner of Krakow was taken. Yet the brilliant Vytautas waited for a more opportune moment to save the day... Fantasy.

And the most epic

The siege of Constantinople and the followed battles were having clearly more participants there if u count Constantinople as battle ofc

It wasn't in terms of pure numbers of soldiers present but possibly if we include the participants of the battle

Not even close

@@samscopeproductionz Give examples, not just say ,,no"

False retreat is a classic tatar nomad tactic

It was not false retreat, it was a tactical retreat. The diference is, that all of lithuanian army routed, and the counterattack was very slow.

Ugh. The Polish is horrible.

@@AndrewBlucher Certainly not. It's not native, it's not great, but it's good by today's "standards".

@@Kneorlan Your standards. Polish pronunciation is pretty easy, since it's completely phonetic. You just have to care enough to try.

Don’t worry, there was much Soviet era youth in Lithuania who never learned about it in schools. But now today, Putin from fantasy land has children taught in Russian schools that Russia won this battle. Some Russians did fight to help Poland and Lithuania but they were captured and garrisoned soldiers from Smolensk. It’s why the Lithuanian Knight symbol existed in Smolensk, albeit Putin the clown says that Russia also did that too, as in gifted the symbol to LT and to Belarus. He’s either lost his mind or actually believes his own fully deranged propaganda.

Another reason everyone knows date is because it is hidden recipe for vodka. 1410- 1kg of sugar 4l of water 10dag of yeasts. After destilation gives about 1l of 50% vodka

@@michalacpl moonshine!!! 😅 (Bimber)

It is not surprising that education in Britain focuses on British history. By the way, Here is an addition to the video! That was obviously a planned feigned retreat of the Lithuanian troops because they manifestly turned around and even destroyed the pursuers. Because there were no Teutonic Order troops who then took part in the battle, but instead the Lithuanian troops, who returned in full strength in good time and then attacked in a coordinated manner. All this makes it clear that this was a successful feigned retreat. Even after the battle, the Poles did not reproach the Lithuanians for what would happen if the Lithuanians had fled. The new Grand Master of the Order was also warned cautioned t to look out for feigned retreats of the kind that had been used in the Great Battle in a letter from German survivors of the battle in a letter written a few years after the battle. What is not mentioned in the video is the fact that there were defeats of the Teutonic Order both against Poland and against Lithuania before this battle and that various defeats after this battle resulted in the Teutonic Order being forced to become a vassal of the Polish king who ruled Poland and Lithuania from which the Polish Empire arose. What was also not mentioned is the fact that first the Teutonic Order exterminated the Baltic old Prussians and then tried the same thing with the population of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So the Teutonic Order's attempted genocide against the population of the Lithuanian territories, which consisted of Slavic Ruthenians and Balts. For two centuries, the German knights waged a war against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They made more than 300 "Reisen" (Journeys) to the Ruthenian and Baltic lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So-called "Reisen" journey raids were genocidal sacking, looting, and pillaging with massacre of the civilian population. These journey raids were also used for slave hunting and cattle were also robbed! It was precisely around that time that the entire swath of land between the Order and Lithuania became a scarcely-inhabited territory. These journey raids mostly took place in winter, because the horses with the heavily armored knights made much better progress in the swampy areas in winter. Always in winter, when the ground was frozen and the knights could easily ride in the swampy areas, there were veritable extermination campaigns. So, for the population of the areas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, winter was the season of massacres. Almost 300 winter journey raids to lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania can be verified between 1305 and 1409 using sources So it's not surprising that in Germany in the 30's and 40's the Teutonic Order was one of the models from history that was greatly revered. The Teutons also murdered Poles! For example the Order massacred in 1308 the Polish population of Gdansk! Because of this permanent Teutonic aggression, Poles and Lithuanians have allied against the Order! Poland and Lithuania were 1410 in the personal union! So under the leadership of the King of Poland! 1385 - Union of Krewo - a personal union that brought the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, to the Polish throne. After the negotiations in 1385, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married the Polish queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386. That was the foundation of the Polish Empire

@@GreatPolishWingedHussars Bravo !

Nope. The biggest was probably the battle of Vorskla.

Google says that the battle of grunwald was the biggest in medieval Europe

@@Polish-Onion Bitwa pod Worsklą była prawdopodobnie największa.

@@plrc4593 według Wikipedia pod worsklą walczyło pomiędzy 38-90tyś a pod grunwaldem okokł 50tyś więc jest to możliwe

Just play the teuton dlc for total war medieval 2 and create your own history

thank you we crushed the biggest medival power on the east

ThrashingMadPL UKposts channel made, so far, 5 part series about Grunwald Battle with extensive background history of the Polish-Teutonic war. It is in Polish but perhaps if you make contact with the creator he may suggest to you some relevant bibliography.

There's a ton of books on this, unfortunately most im German od Polish. Try Hartmut Boockmann or Marian Biskup for a starter, also Sven Ekdahl.

Well, there're quite some sources written by Polish authors, but (as usual) they go rather overlooked in western Europe and hence not many (if any) are translated.

Pravda.

Jan Sokol was a leader of czech mercaneries and he surely took a part in the battle but we don't have evidence that Jan Žižka was at the Grunwald.

Pozdrowienia z polski dla czeskich braci!

Prawda

There is no proof Jan Žižka was there. But he was at service for Jagiełło.

@@jxfwliz5ldnheeg I live in GDA since July, first time (before living here) I went by train because no car and was very cheap and almost the time as by car. Still a nice option for those who want to save money. It's true inside it's pretty empty, not so many furnitures, it's been rebuilt after war (you can see a photo from 1945 and see the huge work they made) but it's still very impressive, architecture massive and interesting, exhibitions and audioguides very nice to me. The area around by the river is perfect for a pleasant walk, so I would recommend it any way for a one-day trip from Gdansk. 🙂

I think in France is a lot of old, beautiful castles, like in Germany, Switzerland and Austria.

@@bartoszchudzinski8830 yep, it's older and with different style, more with rocks as limestone or granite than bricks :) But because older, not necessarily renovated, so pretty as ruins :/

It is not "actual Poland". It was Poland for 900 years (until the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century), and the castle was one of the few main residents of the Polish kings for 500 years, who had rebuilt it and made it more impressive. Even in the times of Teutonic Order (100 years - 13th -14th century) it was Poland (the order got some earth from the prince Konrad Mazowiecki - called Ziemia Chełmińska and formally was s a vassal of the Kingdom of Poland). The castle was destroyed by Soviets in 1945 and rebuilt by Poles,

I was just there two weeks ago. Incredible castle and history. Malbork is definitely a must visit if you're in the area.

Oh yes Iwan, its classic book that every Polish kid is supposed to read in school :D

that's true, however both states proclaimed Union few times in the past

Иван Баров Sienkiewicz's book is only a story. and the battle depicted in it is total nonsense

It is a great read, however keep in mind that Sienkiewicz wrote it under the dissolved Poland and all of his works about the Commonwealth are mainly written "to warm the hearts", as he stated. So a whole lot of the stuff he wrote is historical fiction, made so to bolster the morale of the poles and make sure the repressed polish history is remembered and documented. They are still great works, if not treated as historical documentaries. And if you like his style, check out the Trilogy. It's pretty good too.

It is indeed.

No not impressive

@@reinercreekman cope

@@reinercreekman let's see how you react when surrounded and the people you have fought with are getting cut down. It takes nerves of steel to stay focused and continue to fight without just giving up that takes true courage

U can do that only if you are sure that help is round the corner. This time as the returning Lithuanians.

@@antasosam8486 there's tons of instances in history when helps not coming and the men fighting knew that yet they continued to fight on.

True

Not quite. They waited, because they needed the advantage of their guns on open field. Vytautas immediately identified that threat as possibly very dangerous and outcome deciding and destroyed most of their guns in initial charge with light cavalry. Only half lithuanians survived the battle and sacrificed their lives for those guns. Also they made 2/3 of all teutonic forces commit into attacking them, tiring them. The retreat was definitely planned, but got delayed because it took longer than planned to destroy chasing teuton heavy knights in the marches. Jan Žižka, paid personally with Vytautas money through Jogaila, was in position at the forest to support lithuanians and hit teutons in the back from synchronic two sides when they returned from the rout. Germans admitted to their mistake of chasing lithuanians in their chronicles.

@@ORGAniZMs what are You talking about, these guns were so innacurate that the made hardy any casualties.

@@HenioGracieIt was not about the casualties. The guns main goal is to disrupt formations and break morale. It was a new weapon which made people were very cautious of, their impact unclear. Also horses, which lithuanians and polish had a lot of and which were not pre-trained to ignore cannonballs, could have been scared away from the fight by those guns.

@@ORGAniZMs true about the psychological effect, but they were waiting for over 4 hours, then they sent two bare swords with a massage saying that Teutonic troops will move back so the Polish army may safely enter the open field. I think waiting for bombards wasn't their initial plan

It's also said that the Lithuanians actually did rout, but their commander was able to rally the men after a while. This was possible because the guest crusaders were unused to hunting down comparatively light cavalry (comparatively, in actually the Lithuanians we're something closer to a medium cavalry). The result was that the more numerous routed men overwhelmed the fewer crusaders.

@@khronostheavenger8923 It may be.. Different theories on that and all them may be true, but we can all agree that comeback they did was tremendous.

Smolensk also had revolted from being a Lithuanian vassal after the disastrous (for Lithuanian army) battle of Vorskla against the Golden Horde in 1399. After regaining control of Lithuania from tatar raids, Vytautas subjugated and actually incorporated Smolensk into GDL in 1405(?). So looking cynically- in the battle of Grunwald a few years later, Smolenk troops got 'a chance to prove their loyalty'- and if they died, then there were less troops to revolt again..

Actually their role in the battle was boosted due to Russian propaganda and the Smolensk forces were not that significant.

@@tropix4392 Yeah, like Jan Długosz was a prominent Russian propagandist! You, guys, are always such pathetic russophobes.

ty tutaj?

Wrong. Respect to our Prussian Brothers from Germany.

Zawisza was really badass, there is interesting real story about small incident in Rome when pope Martin V was running away from him 😂

He also beat the best knight in Europe in a duel.​@@wojciechkopec9728

from one profitable field to another.

@@semregob3363 And now he abides in Catholic Heaven.

Were you there? I always find it wierd how people on internet are sure that the source from where they learned history is superior than the one used by History Marche when making this video.

@@stroqus3830 Well I hate to break it to you but History Marche did a terrible job with this video so his sources were probably shit. I mean, he makes even to most obvious mistakes like referring to the Polish-Lithuanian Union as Commonwealth which wasn't established yet. As for what @joannita XVI wrote, he is almost entirely correct since it is supported by not one but TWO primary sources describing the battle: Cronica Conflicti and Annales Regni Poloniae.

I dont think it was "sneakily"

good luck getting a new job

Unless you really need big money: game tester and work from home, lulz.

@@baconbaron1776 considering it offers you the possibility to advance, yes it is. If he has a family that won't be enough but better than starving or not doing anything.

Dang. Sorry to hear that man. Thanks for taking the time to stop by!

*Tatars who were mainly Kipchak ethnically

Yes, typo.

There is also a letter made after the battle where one Teutonic knight warns then current master of the order to avoid fighting on the open field and also charging out of order to prevent such faint retreats and surrounds like in this battle, so it's likely that it was pre-planned.

Wrong, it was a forced tactical retreat. Many lithuanians died initialy fighting the heavy knights.

@@ORGAniZMs Teutons believed it differently as is implied in their letters. It is likely that lithuanians picked up the tactic of feigned retreat from Mongols in their fights against Golden Horde.

You are overinterpreting some facts in your favour ... main commander of the polish-lithuanian forces was Jogaila and he was very suprised by the sudden attack of Witolds forces and then their retreat as well as some part of the lithuanian army like Smolensks regiments who stood their ground almost to the last man standing. More to say most of the reatreating forces didin't even returned to the battlefield as well as chasing them Teutons. There were some regiments who Witold managed to rout and move back to the battlefield but it wasn't as significant force as shown on the film and it was clearly some tartar influence because none of european knights would do that as an act of dishonour.

@@naczelnyrabin7011 who da fuck is witold? history knows only VYTAUTAS.

Here's a little addition! That was obviously a planned feigned retreat of the Lithuanian troops because they manifestly turned around and even destroyed the pursuers. Because there were no Teutonic Order troops who then took part in the battle, but instead the Lithuanian troops, who returned in full strength in good time and then attacked in a coordinated manner. All this makes it clear that this was a successful feigned retreat. Even after the battle, the Poles did not reproach the Lithuanians for what would happen if the Lithuanians had fled. The new Grand Master of the Order was also warned cautioned t to look out for feigned retreats of the kind that had been used in the Great Battle in a letter from German survivors of the battle in a letter written a few years after the battle. What is not mentioned in the video is the fact that there were defeats of the Teutonic Order both against Poland and against Lithuania before this battle and that various defeats after this battle resulted in the Teutonic Order being forced to become a vassal of the Polish king who ruled Poland and Lithuania from which the Polish Empire arose. What was also not mentioned is the fact that first the Teutonic Order exterminated the Baltic old Prussians and then tried the same thing with the population of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So the Teutonic Order's attempted genocide against the population of the Lithuanian territories, which consisted of Slavic Ruthenians and Balts. For two centuries, the German knights waged a war against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They made more than 300 "Reisen" (Journeys) to the Ruthenian and Baltic lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So-called "Reisen" journey raids were genocidal sacking, looting, and pillaging with massacre of the civilian population. These journey raids were also used for slave hunting and cattle were also robbed! It was precisely around that time that the entire swath of land between the Order and Lithuania became a scarcely-inhabited territory. These journey raids mostly took place in winter, because the horses with the heavily armored knights made much better progress in the swampy areas in winter. Always in winter, when the ground was frozen and the knights could easily ride in the swampy areas, there were veritable extermination campaigns. So, for the population of the areas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, winter was the season of massacres. Almost 300 winter journey raids to lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania can be verified between 1305 and 1409 using sources So it's not surprising that in Germany in the 30's and 40's the Teutonic Order was one of the models from history that was greatly revered. The Teutons also murdered Poles! For example the Order massacred in 1308 the Polish population of Gdansk! Because of this permanent Teutonic aggression, Poles and Lithuanians have allied against the Order! Poland and Lithuania were 1410 in the personal union! So under the leadership of the King of Poland! 1385 - Union of Krewo - a personal union that brought the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, to the Polish throne. After the negotiations in 1385, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married the Polish queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386. That was the foundation of the Polish Empire

@@naczelnyrabin7011 That is just an interpretation that you like. The fact is that if Vytautas did not return may end the polish flank.

​@@expert69able Which actually almost happened ... fleeing Lithuanians put a threat on center of united forces which led to falling of the main battle standard and also threat to king itself who was like 100 meters from charging Teutons. Situation was rescued by Polish counterattack and Smolensk forces located near the center. Smolensk forces were under Vytautas command but didn't participated in his "genius manovuer" and stood their ground to the last man suffering huge casualties ... Wonder why ? Because Vytautas was fleeing not manouvering and it is simple as fuck ...

Not at all.

@@tadasklimas9188 If I remember correctly the very union almost ended on three occasions and there was aborted by the middle and low money nobility attempt at secession during the Deluge, war with the Swedish Empire

Duh, it’s kinda like US-Americans and the great battles of their civil war / the revolutionary war. After all, it became deeply engraved into both Polish and Lithuanian culture. It defined the era in the region. As a result, Poland got access to the sea and later the commonwealth and the crusaders were removed as a political power in the area.

Every Belarusian can agree with you. Only Vorsha battle can be compared to Grunwald..

@@ceasarby1033 But the first battle (1508) or the second battle (1514)? Because my ancestors and your ancestors defeated Moscow in this place twice. The third time (1564), the Muscovites simply fled the battle.

@@piotrmodrzejewski3052 1514 is more known here, when Muscovites had double size army but still lost.

@@ceasarby1033 While Poland "inherited" the wars with Moscow from Lithuania, since it joined those wars, the vast majority of battles were won despite the overwhelming number of the enemy. These few lost battles were mainly due to the significant numerical superiority of the opponent. We won together: Toropec (1580), Mohylew (1581), Kluszyn (1610), Carowe Zajmiszcze (1610), Smoleńsk (1634), Nowa Woda (1654), Szklow (1654), Jezierna (1655), Ochmatow (1655), Konotop (1659), Lubar (1660), Cudnow (1660), Polonka (1660), Slobodyszcze (1660), Kuszliki (1661), Witebsk (1664) and so on. It is possible, my Fellow, that we will go to Moscow again, and then arranged a barbecue in the Red Square.

Some drill, motivation and good tactics and peasants could be dangerous ;) Hussites, Macedonian phalanx, English longbowmen, Swiss pikemen - in their best days, these warriors were deadly for their opponents

Here's a little addition! That was obviously a planned feigned retreat of the Lithuanian troops because they manifestly turned around and even destroyed the pursuers. Because there were no Teutonic Order troops who then took part in the battle, but instead the Lithuanian troops, who returned in full strength in good time and then attacked in a coordinated manner. All this makes it clear that this was a successful feigned retreat. Even after the battle, the Poles did not reproach the Lithuanians for what would happen if the Lithuanians had fled. The new Grand Master of the Order was also warned cautioned t to look out for feigned retreats of the kind that had been used in the Great Battle in a letter from German survivors of the battle in a letter written a few years after the battle. What is not mentioned in the video is the fact that there were defeats of the Teutonic Order both against Poland and against Lithuania before this battle and that various defeats after this battle resulted in the Teutonic Order being forced to become a vassal of the Polish king who ruled Poland and Lithuania from which the Polish Empire arose. What was also not mentioned is the fact that first the Teutonic Order exterminated the Baltic old Prussians and then tried the same thing with the population of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So the Teutonic Order's attempted genocide against the population of the Lithuanian territories, which consisted of Slavic Ruthenians and Balts. For two centuries, the German knights waged a war against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They made more than 300 "Reisen" (Journeys) to the Ruthenian and Baltic lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So-called "Reisen" journey raids were genocidal sacking, looting, and pillaging with massacre of the civilian population. These journey raids were also used for slave hunting and cattle were also robbed! It was precisely around that time that the entire swath of land between the Order and Lithuania became a scarcely-inhabited territory. These journey raids mostly took place in winter, because the horses with the heavily armored knights made much better progress in the swampy areas in winter. Always in winter, when the ground was frozen and the knights could easily ride in the swampy areas, there were veritable extermination campaigns. So, for the population of the areas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, winter was the season of massacres. Almost 300 winter journey raids to lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania can be verified between 1305 and 1409 using sources So it's not surprising that in Germany in the 30's and 40's the Teutonic Order was one of the models from history that was greatly revered. The Teutons also murdered Poles! For example the Order massacred in 1308 the Polish population of Gdansk! Because of this permanent Teutonic aggression, Poles and Lithuanians have allied against the Order! Poland and Lithuania were 1410 in the personal union! So under the leadership of the King of Poland! 1385 - Union of Krewo - a personal union that brought the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, to the Polish throne. After the negotiations in 1385, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married the Polish queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386. That was the foundation of the Polish Empire

@@GreatPolishWingedHussars Molto interessante, grazie.

Who were the other five?

How about Svejk?

Jogaila was Vytautas cousin. The both states were very interconnected even bofore formal creation of commonwealth.

@@ORGAniZMs But it was two separate states still. Lithuanian nobles did what they wanted and poles had no say in that matter. They kept their own currency, army, court and laws and everything. Only the ruling dynasty (Gediminiaiciai) was shared between the two states. Only when Lithuanians were weakened in their wars against Moscovites the union was signed in 1569. It was important date to Ukraine too as thats when Ukraine were given to Poles as a part of that deal that union. Poles differently from lithuanians used heavy hand diplomacy and forced polanisation and religion conversions which did not sit well with Ukraine and the Cossacks started their numerous uprisings but that is the story for another day.

@@gediminaskucinskas6952 It was always seperate states. Even during commonwealth.

@@gediminaskucinskas6952 Give me a source for Poles forcefully Polonizing Ruthenians, or Lithuanians for that matter. And I'm not talking about Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobles adopting the Polish language and religion, and then forcing that language and religion on their own peasants for prestige, but an example where by law or through violence Polish nobles Polonized Lithuania or Ruthenia. Edit: Btw, Polish nobles had nothing to say in the matter of what the Lithuanian nobles did after the union either, unless it was voted on in the Sejm but in that case the Lithuanian nobles had as much control over the Polish nobles as the Polish over the Lithuanians. And the majority of the pre union institutions in Lithuania remained after 1569.

That is correct. It'd be good to say that Commonwealth was a multilingual country, where dialects of Old Lithuanian and Old Polish were mixing with dialects of Ruthenian, Armenian, Tatar etc. Nobody really cared what language people spoke in differents parts of the domain. And it was a huge territory with very weak central power, dominated by local interests, and that means economically controlled by the nobility. Most of the time people spoke a few languages or spoke pidgin versions if they weren't educated (most of the time actually). Variety has become something of a pillar there, and that even turned into lavish, oriental style of the elites. There was absolutely no drive or even minimal interest to force one language onto a speaker of another one. That is one of the worst cases of "presentism" actually.

its a bot, not a person

@@MrJammyGel No, look in the credits in the description- it says “narrated by ‘David McCallion’, it’s a person.

Damn straight

Viva Poland 🇵🇱 ♥️

You what m8

Niech żyje Polska!!!

Today is the same. Polish-Ukrainian partnership is a barier against today's virus.

Yeah, Lithuanians rarely used bows, though it's not far to assume that this was "light" cavalry Why? Since Lithuanians, like the Romans - favoured the Javelin for their light horses, see "The Battle of Saule" where a Teutonic grand master was killed by a Javelin.

@@RazorsharpLT Lithuanian largely used light cavalry tactics and javelin throwing a hundred years before battle of Grunwald. Even then they did like closed combat, often dismounting their steeds and fighting on foot. Later, during almost constant wars in XIV century, such light cavalry tactics was rendered innefective against heavy cavalry of Order , obsolete and was gradually abandoned. To imagine Lithuanian army in the battle of Grunwald better, I suggest to take three sets of sources into consideration: 1. It is really well documented in multiple sources, that during initial attack right (GDL) wing of allied army was in shock (wedge) formation. 2. Order, in it’s German manner, had excellent documentation of their forces. Let’s take a look into typical Prussian (i.e. Baltic tradition, likely similar to Lithuanian) solder of Order, described by Order officials in 1404: “„Die fryen und dienste sollen iclicher synen harnasch haben II sper und synen schilt und I satilbyel“ (Codex Diplomaticus Prussicus, 1861, S. 179-184, doc. No. 163) - armour (likely not plated), two spears (of them, likely one throw-able javelin), shield and battleaxe. 3. In “Die Staatsschriften des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen im 15 Jahrhundert. Band I: Die Traktate vordem Konstanzer Konzil (1414-1418) über das Rescht des Deutschen Ordens am Lande Preußen. Bearb. v. E. Weise. Göttingen, 1970, S. 107-109”, written during Constanz process between Order and Lithuania, we can find description of Lithuanian gentry heavy cavalry, similar to that of Teutons: “Want die ungloubigen, von den man nu redit, itczunt obirall mit blankem harnisch, mit gerosse und andir kriclichen geczoien mechtig dirscheinen, also das sie in reisen und hofferteger beweisunge den spitczen der cristenlichen heeren nichtes nicht geringer und gecziret werden irfunden und itczunt in der schule der cristen mit tegelicherubunge die konst czu striten, mit welchir konst vorwert mogen die cristen obirwinden, haben gelart”.

"All this points to the idea, that Lithuanian cavalry, being less armored than the teutonic and polish counterparts, was quite well suited and often used in closed combat, experiencing higher mobility and maneuver capabilities at the same time. " Polish? Yes. Teutonic not so much. Teutonic elite and western guests were heavy knights but quite a lot of teutonic troops were armed similar to Lithuanians. Chainmail or coat of plates, eastern helmet, sulica spear, cavalry pavise, battleaxe. Generally Lithuanian troops were significantly heavier than commonly belived and Teutonic quite not heavy.

Here's a little addition! That was obviously a planned feigned retreat of the Lithuanian troops because they manifestly turned around and even destroyed the pursuers. Because there were no Teutonic Order troops who then took part in the battle, but instead the Lithuanian troops, who returned in full strength in good time and then attacked in a coordinated manner. All this makes it clear that this was a successful feigned retreat. Even after the battle, the Poles did not reproach the Lithuanians for what would happen if the Lithuanians had fled. The new Grand Master of the Order was also warned cautioned t to look out for feigned retreats of the kind that had been used in the Great Battle in a letter from German survivors of the battle in a letter written a few years after the battle. What is not mentioned in the video is the fact that there were defeats of the Teutonic Order both against Poland and against Lithuania before this battle and that various defeats after this battle resulted in the Teutonic Order being forced to become a vassal of the Polish king who ruled Poland and Lithuania from which the Polish Empire arose. What was also not mentioned is the fact that first the Teutonic Order exterminated the Baltic old Prussians and then tried the same thing with the population of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So the Teutonic Order's attempted genocide against the population of the Lithuanian territories, which consisted of Slavic Ruthenians and Balts. For two centuries, the German knights waged a war against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They made more than 300 "Reisen" (Journeys) to the Ruthenian and Baltic lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So-called "Reisen" journey raids were genocidal sacking, looting, and pillaging with massacre of the civilian population. These journey raids were also used for slave hunting and cattle were also robbed! It was precisely around that time that the entire swath of land between the Order and Lithuania became a scarcely-inhabited territory. These journey raids mostly took place in winter, because the horses with the heavily armored knights made much better progress in the swampy areas in winter. Always in winter, when the ground was frozen and the knights could easily ride in the swampy areas, there were veritable extermination campaigns. So, for the population of the areas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, winter was the season of massacres. Almost 300 winter journey raids to lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania can be verified between 1305 and 1409 using sources So it's not surprising that in Germany in the 30's and 40's the Teutonic Order was one of the models from history that was greatly revered. The Teutons also murdered Poles! For example the Order massacred in 1308 the Polish population of Gdansk! Because of this permanent Teutonic aggression, Poles and Lithuanians have allied against the Order! Poland and Lithuania were 1410 in the personal union! So under the leadership of the King of Poland! 1385 - Union of Krewo - a personal union that brought the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, to the Polish throne. After the negotiations in 1385, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married the Polish queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386. That was the foundation of the Polish Empire

Everyone was tired of Teutons at this point.

Vytautas for the MVP

Pretty easy to be a good commander when you massively outnumber your opponent

@@eazzye33 German cope

@@Johnny3Batony what

Bardzo dobre uwagi, niestety jeden komentarz nie naprawi efektu jaki zrobił niedorobiony filmik.

Here's a little addition! That was obviously a planned feigned retreat of the Lithuanian troops because they manifestly turned around and even destroyed the pursuers. Because there were no Teutonic Order troops who then took part in the battle, but instead the Lithuanian troops, who returned in full strength in good time and then attacked in a coordinated manner. All this makes it clear that this was a successful feigned retreat. Even after the battle, the Poles did not reproach the Lithuanians for what would happen if the Lithuanians had fled. The new Grand Master of the Order was also warned cautioned t to look out for feigned retreats of the kind that had been used in the Great Battle in a letter from German survivors of the battle in a letter written a few years after the battle. What is not mentioned in the video is the fact that there were defeats of the Teutonic Order both against Poland and against Lithuania before this battle and that various defeats after this battle resulted in the Teutonic Order being forced to become a vassal of the Polish king who ruled Poland and Lithuania from which the Polish Empire arose. What was also not mentioned is the fact that first the Teutonic Order exterminated the Baltic old Prussians and then tried the same thing with the population of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So the Teutonic Order's attempted genocide against the population of the Lithuanian territories, which consisted of Slavic Ruthenians and Balts. For two centuries, the German knights waged a war against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They made more than 300 "Reisen" (Journeys) to the Ruthenian and Baltic lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. So-called "Reisen" journey raids were genocidal sacking, looting, and pillaging with massacre of the civilian population. These journey raids were also used for slave hunting and cattle were also robbed! It was precisely around that time that the entire swath of land between the Order and Lithuania became a scarcely-inhabited territory. These journey raids mostly took place in winter, because the horses with the heavily armored knights made much better progress in the swampy areas in winter. Always in winter, when the ground was frozen and the knights could easily ride in the swampy areas, there were veritable extermination campaigns. So, for the population of the areas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, winter was the season of massacres. Almost 300 winter journey raids to lands of Grand Duchy of Lithuania can be verified between 1305 and 1409 using sources So it's not surprising that in Germany in the 30's and 40's the Teutonic Order was one of the models from history that was greatly revered. The Teutons also murdered Poles! For example the Order massacred in 1308 the Polish population of Gdansk! Because of this permanent Teutonic aggression, Poles and Lithuanians have allied against the Order! Poland and Lithuania were 1410 in the personal union! So under the leadership of the King of Poland! 1385 - Union of Krewo - a personal union that brought the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, to the Polish throne. After the negotiations in 1385, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married the Polish queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386. That was the foundation of the Polish Empire

Portugest are Sueves, and have Slav accent.

@@kyyyzee5619 How pathetic insulting others as bed wetters. This is typical of fools who use insults to cover up the fact that their claims are stupid and do not correspond to reality. Including silly chatter of orcs! Only a fool would deny that Poland was an empire. Poland was an empire before the foundation of the Union of Lublin in 1569 and also after it. Of course Poland was an empire. According to the usual definition is an Empire usually a very large in terms of area multi-ethnic state with political and military dominion of one ethnic group. According to this definition was Poland an empire in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries! This already proves the enormous size of the territory compared to other European countries that the Polish king and the Polish parliament ruled. The Poles were also the political and military dominant ethnic group of this Empire. The Poles ruled over various peoples and 5 different religious groups. So it was a Polish empire, because the Poles were the nation in power. The Poles ruled the other peoples and partially assimilated them. Only one nation was relevant in this empire and that was the Poles. When talking about the Danish Empire, Ghana Empire and Ethiopian Empire, Poland should be called an empire much more! Also a stupid chatter about supposedly equal nations! This claim completely contradicts reality, because there was no such thing as equality between Poles and Lithuanians. The Polish king ruled over the entire empire and later after the founding of the Polish "Rzeczpospolita" with the Imperial Constitution "Nihil novi" of 1505 to the noble republic, the Polish king together with the Polish parliament ruled over the Polish empire. The massive Polonization of the Lithuanians also makes it clear that there was no equality between Poles and Lithuanians, because the Poles were the dominant ethnic group of this empire. Polonization of the Lithuanians is a historical fact. This can also be seen very clearly today in the size of Lithuania compared to Poland. Poland has 5 times the area of ​​Lithuania. One can see the Polonization of the Lithuanians even more clearly in the population comparison. Poland has 14 times more inhabitants than Lithuania. This is so because at an early stage a large part of the Lithuanians were assimilated to Poles after the Polish takeover of Lithuania. For this reason before the World War II, today's Lithuanian capital, Wilno, was a Polish city with a predominantly Polish population. Only 4% of the inhabitants of this city were Lithuanians. It should be noted that before Lithuania was taken over by Poland, this city was the capital of Lithuania. So the former Lithuanian capital Vilnius also became the Polish city of Wilno, which was also inhabited mainly by Poles. So due to the Polishization of Lithuanians, this city became a Polish city. This city is symbolic for all of Lithuania and Lithuanians. Because the city was Polonized like a large part of Lithuania and the Lithuanian population. Unfortunately, after World War II, the overwhelming majority of the Polish urban population was expelled from Wilno city by the Soviets. Poles were also murdered. The Lithuanians assisted the Soviets in this action against the Polish population of Wilno! By the way, this was not a violent Polonization. In any case, the Polonization happened voluntarily. The assimilation of the Lithuanians was favored by several factors. One of the most important factors was the cultural superiority of the Poles. As I have already reported, the Polonized Lithuanian nobility sent their sons to Poland for education. By the way, the oldest university in Lithuania is the University of Vilnius, which was founded in 1579 by the Polish king. The oldest university in Poland is the Jagiellonian University of Karaków founded in 1364 by the polish King Casimir III the Great and by the way, this ist one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. By the way, the official and written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before being taken over by Poland was not the Lithuanian language, which only became a written language in the 16th century, but Ruthenian, an early form of today's Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. Before being taken over by Poland in 1385, the East Slavic language Ruthenian, as most common language, was used as the written language, not Lithuanian. Besides that after Lithuania became part of the Polish Empire in 1385 everywhere the upper class spoke Polish. Only the peasants spoke Lithuanian! In any case, due to the cultural superiority of the Poles, the assimilation was greatly accelerated. This is how more and more Lithuanians want to be Poles! It was just worth becoming a Pole. So in reality, the Polish monarchical noble republic "Rzeczpospolita", like the Kingdom of Poland before it, was the Polish Empire and Lithuania was a part of it ruled by the Poles as dominant ethnic group. It was simply worth becoming a Pole and being part of the dominant ethnic group. It was worth being assimilated by the Poles! Most of Lithuanian nobility were polonized and spoke Polish. The nobility was a role model for the rest of the population and that is why more and more non-nobles spoke Polish. In addition, it was simply worth becoming a Pole, because Poles were in power in the state. Another aspect which accelerated the polonization of Lithuania was the Christian belief. The pagan Lithuanian Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila became a Christian by marrying the Polish Queen and thus all of lithuania was considered Christian. But only a fool believes that a country could be Christianized only by marriage and conversion of the ruler. Because there was a Christianization campaign of Lithuania from Poland long before that. Christianity was already known in Lithuania and at least partially established. The conversion of the ruler to Christianity then strengthened the Christianization, but that was definitely not the beginning of the Christianization. Of course, the Polish priests and Polish monks already had influence in the country, they all had helpers who were already learning Polish. Some believers probably also learned Polish through contact with these clergymen! Thus, the Polonization began parallel to the Christianization. Also, Polish traders were already on the move in the country, they also had local helpers who learned Polish. Lithuanian mercenaries fought for Poland and probably also learned Polish. All this was the beginning of the Polonization, which certainly did not start with the Union of Krewo from 1385. Because at the time of the beginning of the Union of Krewo and the beginning of the Polish Empire, the Polonization of Lithuania was already relatively advanced. So the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila who was Polonized to the Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło was certainly not the first Lithuanian to be Polonized, because at that time there were already many Polonized Lithuanians. Lithuanians today call the Union of Krewo of 1385 with which Poland took over Lithuania also the betrayal of the Lithuanian nobility who agreed to this takeover. Shortly after the Union of Krewo in 1385 a significant resolution was that in total 47 selected Lithuanian nobles were adopted by Polish nobles heraldic families and granted Polish coats of arm. This symbolic gesture signified their desire to adopt Polish customs and integrate into Polish society. This was part of Poland's significantly increased Polonization of Lithuania. The Lithuanian nobility let themselves be polonized first, followed by the upper class and middle class and later even the lower classes were partially polonized. The founding of the Rzeczpospolita was in fact the end point of the Polonization of Lithuania. Lithuanians largely abandoned their own traditions, language and culture during the process of assimilation and Polonization. They were replaced by the Polish way of life. The Polish language as well as clothes and style of expression were adopted. Lithuanians became Poles! So today, this phenomenon is often perceived by Lithuanians as national treason. I described the result of the massive polonization above! An almost vanished nation!

@@kyyyzee5619 The Term of the "Rzeczpospolita of two nations" was used when the Rzeczpospolita was founded. But that was just an empty phrase that had nothing to do with reality. The term with the two nations was also not used as the name of the state. In the document establishing the Rzeczpospolita it is stated that by this agreement the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania are an inseparable, undivided entity and a common republic that united both states and nations into one people. But in reality it happened a long time ago due to the Polishization of Lithuanians. The term of the Rzeczpospolita of two nations was used very rarely. The term with the two nations was also not used as the name of the state. Used in international treaties and diplomacy, the state has been called the most serene ( most high) Rzeczpospolita Poland. Its residents simply referred it in the everyday language as Rzeczpospolita or Poland occasionally also the crown. In the document establishing the Rzeczpospolita it is stated that "by this agreement the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania are an inseparable, undivided entity and a common republic that united both states and nations into one people" So that contradicts this term with both nations. In any case, it all makes it clear that this absurd talk about an alleged Rzeczpospolita of two nations is completely superfluous because it doesn't contradict historical reality. This was in fact a Polish empire and a Polish state and definitely not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians as the wrong term Commonwealth or the Rzeczpospolita of two nations suggests. To use this terms is nonsensical, as it suggests a kind of equality that did not exist! Incidentally, the first documented with the use of the term Rzeczpospolit as a designation of the Polish state can be found in Maćka Borkowica's act of allegiance, for the Polish king Kazimierz the Great on 16. February 1358 in the town of Sieradz. At that time Lithuania was not yet united with Poland at all! So the Polisch term Rzeczpospolit was the name for Poland even then. The treaty of Krewo for personal union of Poland with Lithuania in 1385 was the first step in Poland's takeover of Lithuania. This union was declared indissoluble. This personal union meant that the Polish king should also be the ruler of Lithuania. In fact, the union treaty also contained the provision of the attaching of Lithuanian and Ruthenian lands to the Polish Crown. This happened because the Poles were in power! Incidentally, there were also a total of 3 Polish Rzeczpospolitas, which also makes it clear that this is primarily a Polish state was. Properly called Polish Rzeczpospolitas by Poles, not incorrect Polish Lithuanian Rzeczpospolitas. That is why Poles today call their three republics: I Rzeczpospolita, II Rzeczpospolita and III Rzeczpospolita. Because that was always Poland! The Lithuanians don't also have the term Rzeczpospolita in their state name becuase that was a Polisch Rzeczpospolita. In reality, the Rzeczpospolita, like the Kingdom of Poland before it, was the Polish Empire and Lithuania was a part of it ruled by the Poles as dominant ethnic group.

@@GreatPolishWingedHussars Bull's crap, which you think is a theory, is not a theory :) The republic of both nations was a real state, with parliament where poles and lithuanians had equal rights, with ethmones, etc., in which the Polish language was dominant. Yes, the Republic was called the Crown, but in Lithuania it was not called Poland - the Lithuanian nobles were particularly dissatisfied with that, but it was difficult to fight against it. In fact, no one even paid attention - these were Lithuanians who spoke Lithuanian, but were able to communicate in Polish as well. The republic of both nations was not created due to the Polonization of Lithuanians, but due to the increase of common threats (as you know, Muscovy). Your whole theory about the empire is only a Polish theory, which is not recognized as the Kingdom of Poland that ruled Lithuania. Lithuania and Poland united by their own will, this great state was ruled by a family of nobles from Lithuania. So stop dreaming your polish chauvinistic wet dreams and come back to reality. Yes, Polonization was a reality, many Lithuanians who considered themselves Lithuanian spoke Polish (even my great-grandmother spoke), but she was Lithuanian and considered herself Lithuanian. In any case, your position about the empire and the Lithuanian people under it is a discrepancy in your imagination. It's like saying that the Austro-Hungarian Empire was just the Austrian Empire. This is not true. And the truth always wins. There is no point in continuing.

Lithuanian?

@@TheMcMiodzio yes

@@granddukethedan7029 that is not

@@TheMcMiodzio It is.

Dobra kurwa polska gurom a wy cos pierdolicie o litwie zyeby XD

Vytautas was a genius politician, not necesarilly a military comamander. He delegated the military command to several nobles and distant members of his family.

Something the Poles liked to keep to themselves: "Throughout the 15th and early 16th century the Lithuanians had stolen a march on the poles generally by electing their Grand Duke as they were allowed to under a treaty of 1413 on the death of the previous Grand Duke, which meant that if the poles wish to continue the union they had to then elect the Grand Duke as King of Poland...

Lithuanian history in particular is very underrated. What was once the largest state in Europe, as well as the last pagan state in Europe, is rarely talked about nowadays unless it's in conjunction with Poland :(

@@CHRB-nn6qpniestety czy to się podoba czy nie Korona gwarantowała byt niescalonego wewnętrznie Księstwa

@@MrVafflisa to coś dziwnego?

there were a lot of Tatars in the Lithuanian army for whom this strategy is very typical, so yes, the withdrawal was probably planned

it's Central Europe

:)

Nic nowego nie powiedział. Do szkoły gamoniu

@@jn1205 morda chamie

Thank you sir. Much appreciated!

@@HistoryMarche please make a video on Emir Timur

Again with this myth, both the Lithuanian and Teutonic forces were familiar with the tactic of a fake retreat as they both used it themselves in previous small scale engagements, they did not learn it from the battle of Vorska River. And it is not doubtfully they just ran away when you take into consideration the heavy casualties they suffered at the hands of the Teutonic forces, then the retreat is very believable, and I doubt they deliberately let there forces suffer casualties just to make the retreat look authentic.

Yeah, it would be cool to watch the rise of the Teutonic Knights too

Provide a reference, please. There are records of SOME Lithuanians retreating ALL THE WAY HOME. If this was a "planned" feigned retreat...why didn't EVERYONE turn around???

Cheers Priscila. Thanks for all the help with setting up the Premiere!

Was a really stupid move then

@@Ghreinos pursuit - yes. Kind of surprising that it worked out to be honest. But it worked for quite a few times for Lithuanians. May be cultural thing for knights as well - like they could not believe somebody would faint the attack/retreat, as for them was all honour and fighting honourably, so they probably could not comprehend such move.

Hit and run tactics was used latter by Hussars

Vytautas learned this move, when he was defeated that way in one of the previous battles :)

@@povilas.gadliauskas I am pretty sure it was used by both mongols and against mongols. I would not say this is specifically tactic he learned from mongols, but rather tactic used by light cavalry in general and/or against heavy cavalry or other slower heavily armoured troops like knights. Perhaps it could be argued that tactic was "perfected" during the battles with mongols. In either case it was definitely pre-planned tactic - not merely running away into the forest and then miraculously killing all the pursuing knights and within hours forming back into formation to return onto battlefield.

Yeah if you're interested in polish propaganda you should go ahead and read it

@@affernbrotgkg Propaganda, naive man, was created by the "Gehlen Organization", aimed at whitewashing Germany of its crimes against humanity, i.e. murdering tens of millions of people, looting, ruining, human tears. If the Germans of WWII are called "Nazis", then why aren't the Americans liberating Europe called Roosevelt Boys or Truman Boys, or why isn't it said that the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were dropped by the Democrats??? Logic is a science that, using perception, allows us to understand various aspects of life and the relationships that surround us. It should be followed if we want to correctly read the world around us. Netflix, twitter, tik tok, games and CNN scramble your brains and turn off your logic. One should also be interested in history, but true history not distorted by the German "(non)Nazis

@@affernbrotgkg Gonna cry?

@@avrace2708 about what?

@@affernbrotgkg You are german, of course you hate us. We know that.

I dare not start EU4... that will turn into a one-week binge. It's a problem 😆

@@HistoryMarche you start playing at 6 PM after work and then suddenly you hear birds chirping and see the sunrise...

Try Crusader Kings III if you didn't.

In which video include Teutonic knights, I want to learn more about them.

@@marlinkyaw1720 umm, just the history of this knightly order. Not really sure what you mean.

It's great time for Poland and I'm pround of that alliance as Polish. It's was big mistake when Konrad Mazowiecki invite teutonų riteriai to our land. They should distroy them when they were weaknes.

Yep. Before all the shit that happened to us later in history

Certainly a peak is right now.

what about Kircholm 1605 and Prostki 1656