How are Images Compressed? [46MB ↘↘ 4.07MB] JPEG In Depth
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You've probably saved 1000s of JPEG images, but do you know what exactly JPEG does? Our smartphones and cameras save images in JPEG format, furthermore, the majority of images you see on the internet are saved using JPEG compression. This format is everywhere, but do you know exactly how it works? Well in this video we're going to explore the JPEG compression format. This is a rather complicated video, so it may take watching it a few times through to understand it all.
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Script, Modeling, Animation: Teddy Tablante
Twitter: @teddytablante
Voice Over- Phil Lee
Nature Photography- Tobias Karlsson
Table of Contents:
00:00 - Intro into JPEG
01:24 - What does JPEG do?
02:35 - What are the Steps of JPEG?
04:06 - Color Space Conversion
06:06 - Discrete Cosine Transform
09:32 - Quantization
11:02- Run Length and Huffman Encoding
12:04 - H.264 Video Compression
13:25 - Rebuilding an Image
15:01 - Notes and Caveats on JPEG
17:06 - Sponsored by Brilliant
18:20 - Outro
Key Branches from this video are: How does a Camera Work? How do SSDs Work?
Erratum:
Tulips are not the same as Lillies.
Animation built using Blender 3.0.0 www.blender.org/
Post with Adobe Premiere Pro
References:
A Trip Through the Graphics Pipeline 2011: Index
fgiesen.wordpress.com/2011/07...
DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform)
asecuritysite.com/comms/dct2
H.264 is Magic
sidbala.com/h-264-is-magic/
How JPEG Works
cgjennings.ca/articles/jpeg-c...
Jack, Keith. Video Demystified. Fifth Edition. Elsevier 2007.
JPEG 101 - How does JPEG Work?
arjunsreedharan.org/post/1460...
JPEG: Image Compression Algorithm
pi.math.cornell.edu/~web6140/T...
What is H.264?
www.streamingmedia.com/Articl...
Wikipedia contributors. "Chroma Subsampling", "Chrominance", "Chroma Subsampling", "Discrete Cosine Transform", , "JPEG" , "
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited December, 2021
Music Credits
Kindred
#JPEG #Camera #Picture
@jontrout2010 2 роки тому
It never ceases to amaze me how much computation goes into things we take for granted and how inconceivably fast it happens over and over again...
@xeridea 2 роки тому
Still images are fairly easy, the compression is relatively simple. Video is a lot harder to do quickly in software, especially compression, which is much slower. Computers, and especially smartphones have ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), to do it much more efficiently. Instead of general purpose CPU doing it, a circuit that is hardwired to do exactly one thing is used, offering massive efficiency gains, which are absolutely critical for use in low power devices. Software is more flexible, and tends to be able to get higher compression, or better quality for the same compression, at the expense of processing time and power usage.
@rockraphlegal 2 роки тому
What amazes me the most to this day is how we can have phonecalls moving at high speeds without an issue. It's like, how fast does it really happens??
@GreenDriveIndia 2 роки тому
@@rockraphlegal that's where processing power matter, that's why some chips are better in image Manipulation wrt to other
@weizhen77 2 роки тому
No need to be amazed. Just take a simple can of soda, the time and efforts it took takes years to come out with today's design.
@jontrout2010 2 роки тому
@@weizhen77 that too amazes me :P
@ffk1466 2 роки тому
This channel is researching and (perfectly) presenting exactly what you think in your spare time
@dongekon199 2 роки тому
You are extremely right!
@RyoukenJake 2 роки тому
Ohhhh so this is where our google data goes!
@NovaBny 2 роки тому
@@sifanikalsa9790 88
@Cooliofamily 2 роки тому
@@sifanikalsa9790 damn this is hot
@barbecue1617 2 роки тому
ukposts.info/have/v-deo/nqhnnqqBqax724k.html
@microcolonel 2 роки тому
As somebody who has worked on JPEG implementations, I am still amazed by how perfect they got it on the first try. JPEG has been around for ages, and is still so good; only recently have meaningful replacements emerged, and JPEG still has some benefits over these.
@eduardmart1237 2 роки тому
What is this replacement?
@allkillhon5209 2 роки тому
@@eduardmart1237 webp maybe ?
@SomeRandomPiggo 2 роки тому
@@allkillhon5209 avif is good too, although not widely supported yet. webp is much better than jpeg, don't really know why it hasn't been adopted widely yet
@SomeRandomPiggo Рік тому
@@zxbryc JXL is definitely very interesting, although I don't know too much about it. I just think with rising performance in almost everything, and hardware decoders for AV1 & AVIF in new phones it might be a viable option in the future, for fast image loading on bad mobile connections for example
@Mic_Glow Рік тому
webp is trash though.... not much advantage vs jpeg and lots of compability issues. Instances when a site uses webp for own images but doesn't allow webp image upload is annoying. Windows can't open it out of the box, PS needs a plugin.... And that despite the format being out for 12 years 10% better compression might have been nice 10-15 years ago, today people have 100mb/s in their phones and gigabit via fiber, whether an image takes 1mb or 1.1mb doesn't make any difference.
@levonja 2 роки тому
Up until now, I just thought JPEG lumps some similar colours together to save on file size. This was literally eye-opening. What an algorhythm!
@lolerie 2 роки тому
That is like 5% of it. There is alogoritmoc coding, and other things.
@larsjonasson2959 Рік тому
You were probably confusing it with the GIF format. It stores images with a limited palette so the numbers of colours in each imge is reduced. But unlike JPEG it allows transparency and animation, so despite the greater file size it was popular on the early web.
@plashplash-fg6hd Рік тому
Tbh, I didn’t even know JPEGs were compressed.
@Micro-Moo 11 місяців тому
@@plashplash-fg6hd Moreover, JPEG is not just the image format, it is a compression algorithm. For example, one can use it in TIFF images. Damn, what obsolete trash! And it was obsolete trash already at the time of this publication.
@plashplash-fg6hd 11 місяців тому
@@Micro-Moo Never knew that.
@DerpyNetworking 2 роки тому
You cover topics that I've always wanted to know and in the right amount of detail.🥰
@Kynatosh 2 роки тому
Not compressed too much ;)
@crewrangergaming9582 2 роки тому
true that
@itzhexen0 2 роки тому
The perfect reason to cancel all school loans. If youtube is going to tell everyone everything for free. You do know one day there won't be a pandemic right or a bunch of chaos coming from trump and his followers right? One day. You're just going to be competing with everyone who knows the same crap as you.
@anshik.k.t 2 роки тому
Exactly so relatable for me
@shegerketema6622 2 роки тому
YES SIR
@ariyagozlo7983 2 роки тому
as someone whos on youtube a lot, these still manage to be some of the best videos. The research, editing, the pace of the lesson. Thank you guys for the hard work
@douglas2lee929 Рік тому
my brain hurts
@Stripcherry3 Рік тому
As someone who has studied image and video compression at university, I can say this is a GREAT video and it's spot on. It explains the basics in just the right amount of detail to get a general understanding. Would have helped me a lot in the beginning.
@abbottabbott1120 2 роки тому
There's just nothing like these videos, really. I'm blown away every time. The voice-over and writing are just so far beyond anything else out there. I wish all information could be presented in this calm, clear, and concise manner than also somehow manages to never dumb it down.
@YszapHun 2 роки тому
you mean his compression algorithm is pretty good?
@ck-dl4to 2 місяці тому
dumb @@YszapHun
@iamtheusualguy2611 2 роки тому
I have a degree in computer science and I'm still amazed how good your channel is! Always wondered how JPEG compression worked. You have illustrated it in super simple terms and visualizations have as always been awesome! Happy to see more content like that, maybe more details on H.264.
@kangarht 2 роки тому
lol I dont have a degree, but I already knew this.
@m.moonsie 2 роки тому
@@kangarht good for you
@pedor5965 2 роки тому
@@m.moonsie you look happy and healthy, not me, if you ever cared to aaask
@TheFourthWinchester 2 роки тому
Having a degree means nothing though. It doesn't guarantee that you know even a tenth of what's there in your own field.
@rrrr2150 2 роки тому
@@pedor5965 lol
@AA-bd 2 місяці тому
It's truly impressive how you managed to explain these complex processes in less than 20 minutes! The clarity and conciseness of your explanations made understanding these concepts much easier. Thank you!
@TheDarrenJones Рік тому
An absolute masterpiece of explanation. I've tried to understand how DCT works in JPEG before, and never understood the dry maths-only explanation. This video changed that and the image tables explained it perfectly. Thanks for filling in a gap that's been in my head for many years!
@anderson_maciel 2 роки тому
18 minutes to teach us what our smartphones does in miliseconds. Awesome!
@lucasrem1870 2 роки тому
You sould try CPU! post video!
@joachim2464 2 роки тому
Another factor that compression works so well is that your brain all the time fills in the «gaps» in information. Especially when watching video. Our eyes is actually worse than you think. The brain does a huge amount of work filling in various gaps in information. For example each of our eyes has a blind spot. We usually do not see it since the brain erases it and fills in the missing information
@prateekpanwar646 2 роки тому
We have built in image upscaler.
@spider853 2 роки тому
@@prateekpanwar646 with great edge detection neuron layer 😁
@markjacobs1086 2 роки тому
It also combines 2 separate images with slightly different angles into 1 👀
@NKY5223 2 роки тому
@@markjacobs1086 like 3d glasses but free
@snoudoubts1745 2 роки тому
Is there anybody in this world I can trust?
@Drag0nStorm1 2 роки тому
really love the little details, the secondary animations in each text header for each step in compression being unique to that compression technique itself. praise your mograph artist/animator/editor!
@mikeogden6655 Рік тому
I never thought that there was so much computing behind each image. I am truly humbled by your work team. Thanks!
@Adrian-nq2bp 2 роки тому
It is incredible how complex things that we take for granted on a daily basis can be
@temp50 2 роки тому
And this is the reason why religions are accepted and exists in the first place. Because it is more convenient for a LOT of people to think about complex topics as 'magic' and 'just works'...
@nickwilson3499 2 роки тому
@@temp50 I don’t think any religion says that
@noobestofdamall 2 роки тому
@@nickwilson3499 They don't say anything meaningful anyway.
@Slettador 2 роки тому
Great Video, just a little feedback on chroma subsampling: The reason why the human eye can perceive more luminance resolution than chroma isn't because of the number of rods vs cones. The rods are actually inactive in all but the darkest lit environments, and their density in the fovea i.e. the center of the visual field on the retina is actually rather low. So the RGB cone cells are solely responsible for tristimulus color vision. The actual reason for the color resolution difference is because there is some amount of cell level processing happening in the eye before the signal reaches the visual nerve. This is very much analogous to the Lightness chroma separation done in digital images. Also, there is some correlation between spatial resolution of each of the red, green and blue cones in terms of the lightness but little correlation between them in terms of the color. Those effects together cause the lower chroma resolution of the human visual system.
@k3d4rcodes45 2 роки тому
Thanks for your input
@blackpepper2610 2 роки тому
No
@Slettador 2 роки тому
@@blackpepper2610 What are you saying?
@gaurdein 2 роки тому
"..actually inactive in all but the darkest lit environments, and their density in the fovea i.e. the center of the visual field on the retina is actually rather low." So that's why when I am in dark I see some very dimly lit stuff more clearly when not looking directly at it, but the moment I move my vision towards it, it disappears?
@Neteruk 2 роки тому
What's the likelyhood of having hexastimulus color vision...like prawns...but in humans. Is it possible to design a baby capable of this?
@imranq9241 2 роки тому
Wow how have I not discovered this channel before. The production values are off the charts !!
@robfitzsimmons8003 Рік тому
Great explanation on JPEG. I knew it compressed in blocks, and I vaguely knew it averaged color, but seeing this level of detail is amazing. Well done!
@rahulkumarbsf 2 роки тому
One of the best educational channels on UKposts!
@yenchey3270 2 роки тому
Ah, JPEG. The greatest friend of a web designer, the worst enemy of a digital artist.
@Mic_Glow Рік тому
webp is worse... XD or fake-transparent png's
@DarkGladiator Рік тому
@@Mic_Glow omg I really hate those types of pngs like why just why
@erikziak1249 10 місяців тому
The worst enemy of a photographer who is asked to post-process jpeg images from cell phones and make them look as if the scene was taken with a DSLR with a proper lens and saved as RAW data. A nightmare.
@Zveebo Рік тому
The is the best and clearest explanation of JPEG compression that I have seen anywhere - great job!
@unknownplayer8397 Місяць тому
I watched so many of your videos but this jpeg algorithm for image compression is so complicated that no one can understand in first time but you are amazing
@johelsen5776 2 роки тому
This is... AMAZING. It's probably almost impossible to explain this even just marginally better. The amount of well-considered effort you go through to make things more clear is extremely impressive. Subbed!
@vgfxworks 2 роки тому
Since the very 1st video I watched, this channel is one of a very few that I clicked the bell button without even thinking twice, each subject is presented with great clarity, beautifully illustrated and great narration as well. well planned, edited and organized by key topics.
@absence9443 2 роки тому
This channel is a treasure to preserve, it covers modern and intriguing topics that are both mesmerizing and reaching for curiosity in technological mindsets, I love it.
@spider853 2 роки тому
Been through multiple articles and videos about JPEG compression, I must say this is one of the best!
@ZheHongGuo 2 роки тому
I never thought I can understand the basic of JPEG algorithm in less than 20 minutes. Brilliant video!
@alessioulivi6734 2 роки тому
Every time I remain surprised by the amount of quality and work behind your videos, wow
@NeilRoy 2 роки тому
Fascinating stuff. I still remember when JPEGs first came out and waiting for my DOS machine to encode and decode them. It took some time back then and not so instant as it is today. I think the two file formats that made the biggest impact in sizes that I recall in my life were JPEGs and MP3s.
@rutvijtrikmani7541 2 роки тому
Underrated Chanel, this channel has everything you would like to know with details, good content. Keep going 👍🏻
@kencarp57 2 роки тому
Your videos are SPECTACULAR! It's obvious that you put a lot of work into them, and it shows. You seem to intuitively know how to achieve the perfect balance of technical detail and higher-level concepts to enable the viewer to develop a solid overall understanding of the subject matter. THANK YOU!
@surajvkothari 2 роки тому
I am amazed by the 3D transitions between different 2D text/diagram sections. This form of presenting learning feels closer to learning in VR. I wonder if one day this channel will create VR episodes which we can move around in. Great delivery of a new way of learning!
@Viki-zo1bc 17 днів тому
Mind-boggling amount of work goes into things we take for granted!
@thephoenixking1086 Рік тому
I was expecting a normal UKposts video that rushes through everything and makes no sense, but wow was I wrong, these videos are easily understandable yet also really in depth.
@Diegomarvid 2 роки тому
Fantastic video, as an electronics engineer its pretty amazing to see topics such as frequency response being used everyday in our lifes
@victorboechat5370 2 роки тому
I love this channel! Super informative, great presentation and one with the best content in UKposts. Thanks for making those videos and please keep up the good work!
@Dayta 2 роки тому
usualy videos like this claim to explain something but they just talk about it and dont explain anything .... but THIS video does actualy explain the techniques behind it i love it ... those vids are rare and hard to find .thank you for all the work you put into this
@azharcassim2795 Рік тому
Came across your channel this week. Must say that your explanations are exceptional in the sense that they convey technical details very clearly and also very quickly grab the attention of the viewer. Exceptional i tell you. Keep it up. You should he used as the benchmark for teachers and lecturers all around the world.
@WigWoo1 2 роки тому
the JPG at the beginning has richer contrast and deeper colors
@jamesvogenthaler6501 2 роки тому
Thank you! I was wondering if anyone else noticed this. It was so immediately apparent
@barbecue1617 2 роки тому
ukposts.info/have/v-deo/nqhnnqqBqax724k.html
@thecommenter578 2 роки тому
to me, the compressed example looks more colorful and with more contrast. If anything, the uncompressed image has slightly better dynamic range in the shadows
@alecargnin 2 роки тому
Câmeras when shoot jpg aply on algorithm saturation sharpening etc... Things that you would do to a raw file on a editing software
@teem9675 2 роки тому
no xD
@CrashCarson14 2 роки тому
WOW this is so detailed! So much more information than most videos will tell you. Down to a fundamental level, not just “it works better”. Thanks! I’ve been interested in how video/pictures are compressed
@guyfawkes9720 Рік тому
Beautiful video! Great transitions, intuitive and relaxing
@riddleraryan 2 роки тому
I am really amazed by the research and hard work you put into making this video. Subscribed !!
@StreetComp 2 роки тому
Even though I always knew the basic idea behind compression this video finally gave me some real understanding - well done for a very complex subject
@Abhi00111 2 роки тому
The amount of efforts you are putting in your video is amazing
@porsuwannashom1715 Рік тому
I'm mechanical engineer. I've learn fourier transform since Bachler degree , one of the most unintuitive subject in my opinion... And this video, i think this is one of the most intuitive way to explain "DCT" discrete cosine transform. Great work !
@mikvance 2 роки тому
You didn’t ask for this video but it showed up and here you are.
@redakaafarani2289 2 роки тому
Great video, I basically knew everything as my research is in video compression, I love the fact that he said video compression is extremely complex while giving an example of H.264, which is quite old now, it's still the most used for sure, but the newest codec VVC (versatile video coding) is times more complex than even HEVC which is newer than H.264, my work is in VVC, believe me it's a nightmare, don't take the videos you watch on the internet for granted ;)
@AdrienBurg 2 роки тому
I am curious to learn about the potential of the new codecs to be developed. I tried some google search but it looks difficult to find understandable source of information. Do you have any recommendations to start with ?
@TheDoomerBlox 2 роки тому
Used to be I followed these things out of curiosity - where does one do that now? 🤔
@sgbench 2 роки тому
Interesting, I hadn't heard about VVC until now. As the successor to HEVC, which competes mostly with VP9, is VVC seen as a competitor to AV1 (since AV1 is the successor to VP9)?
@barbecue1617 2 роки тому
ukposts.info/have/v-deo/nqhnnqqBqax724k.html
@achtsekundenfurz7876 2 роки тому
@@barbecue1617 ukposts.info/have/v-deo/nIGoaK1wjp2JxIU.html
@d4lCngs 2 роки тому
Amazing video as always!! The detail of explanation is precise and technically correct. I think that, once understood how JPEG works, MPEG should be not very difficult to understand. If you plan on doing videos about electric engineering topics, I'd love to see a video about OFDM access, and how it is used in 4G for letting hundreds of users connect at the same time at an e-Node B. Can't wait for the next video though!
@johnwellbelove148 Рік тому
Back in the early 1990's I designed and worked on 'Slowscan' security systems over dialup modems. This was in the early days before the JPEG standard was published. We used our own Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based image compression, empirically tuned for the product's target usage. We actually used a hardware circuit to detect when an 8x8 block had changed enough to mark it as 'to be updated'. Due to the low processor computing power available at the time, the DCT was performed by an INMOS DCT/IDCT transform chip. The compression stage was left to the modem's built-in algorithm, such as V42bis.
@blocksrey Рік тому
Awesome history lesson, thank you for writing this.
@KrisFlix 3 місяці тому
That’s amazing… amazes me that humans created all this.
@davidkennedy9794 2 роки тому
I'm a photographer and I always wanted to know this. I didn't understand anything. But great video. One day I will watch it again. Hopefully I will, then, understand it.
@mikaericson726 2 роки тому
JPEG stands for “Joint Photographic Experts Group”. It's a standard image format for containing lossy and compressed image data.
@lucasrem1870 2 роки тому
We needed an open standard, the CompuServe GIF Image Format was dominant, PNG for professional use and for reviewing only JPG
@moczikgabor Місяць тому
@@lucasrem1870PNG and JPG are two very different kinds of compression, and as such, good for very different things. PNG is a lossless compression which deals the best with "blocky" images, i.e. where there are a bunch of consecutive pixels with the exact same color adjacent to each other. This is, for example, includes (rendered) text or (vector, engineerinng) drawing on solid color background, or similar ideas. These can be compressed to very small sizes with PNG without any artifacts, while the JPG-compressed counterpart will be worse in quality and most of the cases even bigger in file size (than the PNG version). However, compressing natural images where there are a lot of color gradients and edges, while it is possible with PNG, it is rather "encapsulation" and not really compression, as the file size will not be meaningfully smaller in most of the cases. This is the territory where JPG is better, provided that you are okay with it's lossy nature.
@Kapil__Lanjewar 2 роки тому
You can clearly see those artifacts in H.264 compression in an MKBHD video where he re-uploaded the same video for 1000 times.👍
@VorpalMethod 2 роки тому
This is incredible. Easy like, easy subscribe. Time to go through your entire video history!
@anthonysaunders345 Рік тому
Digital imagery takes up a great deal of my time for what I do, and I know from practice what file formats and compression do, but I never really looked into how they work. Thank you!
@BluishGreenPro 2 роки тому
Phenomenally well explained as usual!
@Tristoo 2 роки тому
and they say perfection isn't achievable. this is an honestly amazing video and now I'm going to write a jpg parser and decompressor just for fun because you made it. I also do embedded development, and a microprocessor I was working with had hardware jpg decoding - yet I never really thought it could be something this simple because when I googled it all these complicated terms came up. I didn't stop to think that hardware implementation are usually only feasible with simple algorithms. but now I'll know better in the future I've also been aching to implement h.264 decoding on an fpga for direct network playback (so I don't need a nasty closed source firmware raspberry pi to do it), so I can't wait for that video too! I've been trying to read up on the subject but good resources are essentially non-existent. this video alone already helped me a lot in that regard, so even if you only release the h264 one in a few months and I'm done with at least a simple software implementation by then - I'll still watch it just because your videos are great, and much of that will still be owed to this very video right here. thank you!!!
@JimBob1937 2 роки тому
" I didn't stop to think that hardware implementation are usually only feasible with simple algorithms." Any algorithm can be implemented in hardware (chip/transistor level), simple or complex. Logic gate structures can form turing complete computation, just the same as the general processors that use them. This also can drastically speedup the computation due to less clock cycles for the same task (no overhead for instruction sets and less data shuffling).
@JimBob1937 2 роки тому
Still had my window up and figured I'd clarify another thing: "yet I never really thought it could be something this simple because when I googled it all these complicated terms came up." The actual implementation is much more complex than this video lets on. It's an excellent video for a general overview, but he skips through pretty much all of the math and even gets a few things wrong (like misusing the term 'vector' when discussing issues with Jpeg compressing a raster... but vector is entirely orthogonal to raster). The actual implementation deals with the math of fourier series and fourier transform, whereby an arbitrary signal can be represented by a summed series of cosine (and sine for complex) signals with a specific amplitude coefficient and phase. If you write a Jpeg parser, it would likely be beneficial to understand this math, though you can probably implement the algorithm without understanding it, just by running through the format documentation. As for the h.264, I'd be surprised if there isn't already an FPGA implementation of that floating around out there. However, it is licensed, so maybe they're protective of direct implementations just floating around, not sure.
@nicoz4122 2 роки тому
Amazing content, as usual ! This channel is pure gold !
@boredesmo9506 4 місяці тому
incredible, I would never have thought that there is so much complexity behind a jpeg image
@frien_d 2 роки тому
I'm a programmer and I've never bothered deep diving into jpeg, always treating it like some kind of magic. This just cleared my mind on everything about it in less than 10 minutes. I can now explain it to people, and it's almost worrying how fast this went. Damn, you're good.
@strangeWaters 2 роки тому
Good thing to emphasize about the dct is that it's also reversible -- you get the same amount of information out as you put in, just arranged in a different way. (I explain this to myself by noticing that the frequency samples are all linearly independent -- none of them can be added to each other to make a third, no redundancy -- so you've switched from one 8x8 block of data to another 8x8 block of data.) This sort of thing (fourier transforms and cousins) are super important for signal processing
@4n0nym0u5 2 роки тому
Quality oozes out of these videos. Thank you. Amazing work!
@theelephantintheroom69 2 роки тому
Lol I just got shown this random channel with great quality narration, animation and explanation. Subscribed
@DaedalusYoung 2 роки тому
16:28 Well, vector images are a different beast altogether. They aren't rasterised, so _any_ bitmapping format will result in quality loss, even bmp and png. Vectors are made to be scaled and work by having nodes and lines that make up the image. Instead, what you probably meant, was that jpg doesn't perform well on digital images, such as pixel art, or anything with sharp contrast, such as text overlaying on any other image. Jpg also isn't preferred when working with intermediate copies. If you have a photo that you want to use in a video, for example, where it may undergo additional colour grading, you do not want to use a jpg image. This is because any additional grading can highlight artefacts, and because the image would be compressed twice; once by the jpg algorithm and again by the video compression.
@thedeathcake 2 роки тому
I think he might have meant when saving a vector image to a bitmap format, to retain alpha.
@LucienHughes 2 роки тому
I think what he meant was that when rasterising a vector graphic (which you literally have to do to view one) JPEG is a bad choice.
@DaedalusYoung 2 роки тому
@@LucienHughes Yeah, but any format is a bad choice for saving vectors, except for vector formats. You rasterise it for viewing (unless you use a vector display, like an analog oscilloscope), but you can still scale it without losing detail. You can't do that with a bitmapped format, not even png.
@SerBallister 2 роки тому
@@DaedalusYoung Distance fields are an interesting compromise between vectors and bitmaps. Some game developers use that for fonts for example.
@zugo-tg7125 2 роки тому
How about TIFF?
@RickTrajan 2 роки тому
I was wondering why I was subscribed to this channel then after a minute in I remembered how well the bluetooth explanation you(your team) have made. Thanks, the explanation is topnotch (imo of course) but there were few graphical error and some color selection could have been better.
@Agnostic_Mind 2 місяці тому
I just came here to say I perfectly understood how JPEG works from thumbnail . I love you branch education so high class
@Pasce1998 2 роки тому
I've just seen the video and realized that you released the video just two days after I submitted my bachelor thesis about forensic jpeg algorithms :D Would have been great to have these visualizations back then but nonetheless great and simple explanation with really good animations!
@PS4sos21 2 роки тому
Compression is amazing technology. I remember when the Surge 1 was been released. It was only 6gigs or so but the game was really large with many enemy types, a lot of music and many weapons and amour. I was wrecking my brain trying to figure out how in the world could they fit such a large game into such a small file size. I am still at a loss ist at how they did it. Even with this upload, it still feels like magic haha
@ArduinoHocam Рік тому
Those signal processing algorithms behind the scenes are amazing. Especially the transforms that have been taught in the colleagues should not be rely on the mathematical calculations, instead there should be more visual explanations like this. Amazing video by the way!
@alphabetagamma4142 2 роки тому
I'm so glad that because of some great people out there, this channel exists.👏👏
@jwh001 6 місяців тому
I like compressed photos. Every time I see such a small amount of data that can express such rich photo content, I feel very comfortable.❤
@ikannunaplays 2 роки тому
I remember when JPEG first came into existence and it would take forever to compress and decompress that you would see the image go from a pixely mess into a nice image. This was the only format of image shared across BBS's over dialup, that and GIF. Bitmaps (BMP's) could be found rarely but it would take a decade to download. This by far is the most handy format for quickly sharing images.
@Oshroth Рік тому
JPEGs going from a pixely mess to the proper image is because the image is a Progressive JPEG and not a Baseline JPEG. Baseline JPEGs are displayed line by line as they are downloaded while Progressive JPEGs contain a number of Level of Detail versions of the image. Progressive JPEGs will load and display the lowest LoD, and then when a higher LoD has finished downloading, it will switch to it, and it does this switching through the higher LoD images until the proper image is downloaded and displayed. Progressive JPEGs are larger than Baseline JPEGs because of the additional LoD images.
@ikannunaplays Рік тому
@@Oshroth Yes. The many LOD's were useful over slower connections as they showed you roughly what the image was quickly so you can make a choice without having to wait for the full image to load. This was back when browsing a webpage was faster cause they optimized it for speedy loading of the text and progressive loading of images.
@zzco 2 роки тому
Also, you should take a super deep-dive into how Laserdisc works. I get the basics of it, but still would be nice to dig into the actual nuts and bolts of the format. :D
@wdavis6814 2 роки тому
Learned to appreciate the engineering behind the jpeg today. Very cool stuff!
@AmitMachhiwal3 2 роки тому
The information and the presentation is just amazing! Great work!
@paranoiia8 2 роки тому
Nice, love details and simplicity in explanation of how it work. Small tip for far future video idea: accelerometers and gyro/magnetic sensors.... I always loved to read on how they managed to make those sensors.
@sierra991 2 роки тому
I think they have like 2 pieces of metal that change resistance based off the orientation. not sure tho I just remember reading that somewhere
@paranoiia8 2 роки тому
@@sierra991 It actually use MEMS in scale like one or two µm that is insane(as most of stuff that is in nano scale) but in that small scale it need to be super accurate and still robust. Its just mind blowing that we managed to create few atom size transistors for eg SSD or OLED screens but mechanical components is just another level as its need to move in very specific way and best part is that MEMS technology is "low-cost"... its easier to make than grow damn tomato plant -_-
@YTChannel344 2 роки тому
Can't wait for the x264 and x265 video, how P (Prediction) frames, I (Intra Frames) and B (Bidirectional Frames), AQ-Mode, AQ-Strength, block-size, B-Pyramid, etc., options work, how well it compresses data and why sometimes x264/x265 compress dark scenes badly along with artifacts or why x265 tends to blur out certain scenes while failing to apply proper DCT and quantization to such scenes properly to try and do an effective job at the compression or blur without any perceptive detail loss (which I believe such codecs need improvement in such area). Really need in-depth research video on it for innovation of future technologies!
@ReneHoffmann194 Рік тому
Incredibly well explained and visualized. Thank you so much! I like the slower pace because it helps me to understand/think through what you say (but I'm no native speaker).
@ranjanadissanayaka5390 5 місяців тому
Wow I'm so happy and excited for this video... videos that give deep understanding like this are rare.
@davidjames1684 2 роки тому
I must say that 10:1 compression ratio using JPG is quite impressive. For special images that are easily prone to artifacting, I just use the highest quality setting and that pretty much does the "trick". It would have been nice had they included a lossless option in original JPG for people that want a mathematically identical representation of the original image, but 1/2 to 1/3rd the size of a 24 bit RGB image. So basically getting it down to the filzesize of 8 or 12 bit color, but still retaining the original 24 bit color information.
@ilyaalexeev7845 Рік тому
you can compress .pngs though
@TheExileFox 2 роки тому
This video is great and I would really like to see a follow up video for another popular image format called PNG, which is orders of magnitudes better than JPEG for vector images. The reason being that it is so widely supported while having other strengths and weaknesses compared to JPEG.
@pinakadhara7650 2 роки тому
Yes. A similar video on PNG would be great!
@BigOlSmellyFlashlight 2 роки тому
run length encoding
@ztl6711 2 роки тому
more widely supported but blur
@joshix833 2 роки тому
png is a raster image format and not a vector image format. svg is a vector image format.
@marro643 2 роки тому
@@joshix833 But for being a raster format, it's fantastic at compressing vector-type images. No compression artifacts, and incredibly small file sizes
@borissolaris4421 Рік тому
Incredibly fascinating the fact of creating this video than the fact itself.
@DanielM111 2 роки тому
I haven't had my mind blown like this in quite a while. Partially also because of the fantastic presentation.
@Surannhealz 2 роки тому
Legend has it that JPEG was the result of computer nerds getting aggravated with getting lady pictures over slow dial up. So they designed an efficient algorithm to make high quality pictures take up less space. And JPEG is the result of this. But that could be hearsay. Great video by the way. 👏
@otofoto 2 роки тому
ASCII art is for that.
@krioshhh7384 2 роки тому
I'm glad you mentioned Tom Scott when talking about Hoffman algorithm, I watched that video, and also the interframe compression that makes any confetti video look ugly😂
@ahmedaliAA950 2 роки тому
I am so glad I found this channel!
@KK10155 2 роки тому
people who invented jpeg ,mpeg/mp3 opened up a realm of possibilities for us. really magnificent work that should be marked in history.
@ArgumentumAdHominem 2 роки тому
Great video! JPEG is actually significantly simpler than I thought, thanks to your explanation. Would be great to have a video outlook into machine-learning based methods and the future of compression.
@karlramberg 2 роки тому
Do l look like I know what a jpeg is?
@alexs1932 25 днів тому
I just want a picture of a gat dang hot dog
@Anonymous-qb4vc Рік тому
BEST CHANNEL EVER FOR EDUCATIONAL CONTENT
@vitogentile6871 Рік тому
JPEG compression algorithm is what made me love image processing. It's one of the greatest example in computer science where you can see a consistent amount of mathematics used together to do something that is extremely useful in practice, with effects that are both visually and effectively tangible to anyone.
@mic08242000 2 роки тому
as a person working with image processing, this is absolutely fascinating. Also, that is a great explanation of DCT!
@ranjan_v 2 роки тому
Do I look like I want to know what a jpeg is, I just want a picture of a god dang hotdog 🌭
@conti2000 4 місяці тому
Absolute best explanation I´ve ever seen... ever, ever! 👍
@xCynFR 11 місяців тому
I love the way you explained this man. You earned a sub
@otv9005 2 роки тому
Well put together and very structured. I'd be interested to know what caused the change in the audio quality on the voice over (example 7:44 / 7:46).
@Sukigu 2 роки тому
Those parts were probably recorded at a separate time, with a different microphone and/or settings. It's noticeable enough that it honestly kinda distracts me.
@otv9005 2 роки тому
@@Sukigu That part on separate times is obvious, I noticed this with other channels as well. There is an unintentional sound effect on the 'second take' that i can sometimes hear even in movies (like a sort of high frequency tremelo on male voices) and i always wondered what caused it.
@Kapil__Lanjewar 2 роки тому
My questions is: How did we come up with what data needs to be thrown away in JPEG compression algorithm if our eyes couldn't perceive any of those data points at the first place? 🤔
@aviinl 2 роки тому
Numbers We see the numbers in the data, yet we don't see their representation in the image, might as well get rid of them (very... very, crude explanation)
@AllemandInstable 2 роки тому
because it is not an image captured by your eyes at first but by a camera device with a sensor : for instance the human eye can not see the wave length of infra red, yet we can build sensors that can produce image from infra red, because it can detect them. when a camera sensor receives light it saves data from it, the details it can process and encode might not be the one the human most care about however these details might be handy if you want to modify your pictures in addition if you want to store image data, you should consider to only capture data cleverly, indeed our eye sees light not in a linear way but in a logarithmic way as many of our sensors, which means saving data linearly is not interesting. if we perceive that a spot is bright at a level A, you have to increase the intensity of light more than twice ( much more ) to get the perception of a spot twice as bright as A
@AllemandInstable 2 роки тому
tldr; our eye sees a projection of reality, but sensors can see the reality differently, all sensors ( digital or organic ) only sample a fraction of reality but do it in a different way. so when a sensor saves data, we just have to throw away the data it collected that our eye does not care about
@vgfxworks 2 роки тому
look for subjects like visual perception and also look for what are 'raw file formats' in professional cameras, there's a lot of invisible data in raw files that can be 'brought back to the life' in post processing.
@nickwallette6201 2 роки тому
It's not that you _can't_ perceive them, it's that we're not as sensitive to some kinds of data as others. A good example is color -- our eyes are more sensitive to some colors than others, yet we can see the whole visible spectrum. What that means is, LEDs can be optimized to produce the colors we see best, and less optimized for the colors we can't see as well, and it looks close enough to perfect to us. Producing perfect light sources is difficult and expensive, so that optimization leads to affordable products. But, it can only be an _optimization,_ not a complete disregard. We would miss cyan if it weren't there, for example. So, in a JPEG file, the high-frequency detail is basically just a way of saying, details that have sharp contrast in nearby pixels. You would have to zoom way in, making those details larger (and hence, lower-frequency) to be able to tell the difference between one that has all of its contrast intact, and one that has been "low-pass filtered" to result in a smaller data set. If you're zooming in (like when an image has a magnifying glass for detail inspection), or blowing it up to a large screen, or printing it on a page in a magazine, then you may need more of that detail despite not being able to see it on your phone's screen or in a 4x6" photo, for example.
@richardterrell5309 2 роки тому
A remarkable understanding to appreciate whether or not, how the conversion process to JPEG takes decision of how the human eye accepts what it is seeing.
@Hdhshsbssjsjsj 2 роки тому
you deserve a reward. this video is flawless
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