How does a 1.5V Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery Work? Review/Teardown of an XTAR 2500 Battery

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Kerry Wong

Kerry Wong

День тому

In this video, I reviewed a 1.5V lithium-ion rechargeable battery from XTAR (www.xtar.cc/product/XTAR-1.5V..., www.xtar.cc/product/XTAR-L4-C...) and analyzed how it works.
00:00 Overview
02:44 Specifications
04:55 Charging voltage, how does it work?
07:52 Principles of operation
09:34 Switching noise under load
12:32 Discharging/load testing
16:45 Measured battery capacity
18:02 Teardown/conclusions

КОМЕНТАРІ: 33
@ebayscopeman
@ebayscopeman 4 місяці тому
Kerry, I think for a lot of applications the 1MHz switching noise will not be appearent in application. What interests me most about these are 3 things: Capacity, self discharge and chemical leakage. Since no manufacturer on the planet makes a leak proof alkaline battery (and Duracell is the worst for this as well as Costco) these batteries seem a very viable alternative. I have not researched the cost but if they are comparable to the Eveready Ultimate Lithium AA cells they are worth a look for me. These are the only cells I am currently using in my T&M equipment after alkalines destroyed the AA battery pack in my Fluke 289 DMM which cost me $80.00 for a new back. I would be interested to find out what the real self discharge looks like. It seems with NiMh cells and even some T&M gear (my Owon SDS6062 LiOn powered DSO an an example) are always dead when I need them. Thanks again for doing the review on these as I will be checking them out just as soon as I click the comment button. Sam W3OHM
@tims8603
@tims8603 9 днів тому
Thanks for explaining this. I was wondering how they work.
@rocketman221projects
@rocketman221projects 4 місяці тому
What would the intended use case for these be? Anything that runs from AA cells should work fine on NiMH cells unless it was very poorly designed. These have less capacity than NiMH cells while costing more than twice as much. They have a noisy output, I would imagine the self discharge rate is rather high because of the DC-DC converter, and they need a special charger.
@setSCEtoAUX
@setSCEtoAUX 4 місяці тому
The real difference between these and NiMH are likely only the constant output voltage and slightly lighter weight. I'm having trouble thinking of anything (other than maybe flashlights?) that would enjoy those benefits while also being OK with the noise and somewhat unpredictable shutoff. If it had another significant benefit (i.e. capacity, price, etc.) I think it could be a winner, but right now it seems pretty niche. I'd be curious if the noise caused any issues in something like a portable radio, too.
@g-whiz286
@g-whiz286 11 днів тому
I have several motor-driven appliances (automated window blinds, kitchen garbage can lid, blood pressure machine, etc.) that are designed for AA cells and they ALL struggle with the decreased terminal voltage (1.2 volts) presented by NiMH cells.
@johnwest7993
@johnwest7993 4 місяці тому
Thanks Kerry. Interesting cells. But obviously RF noisy, and expensive, suitable only for very limited applications.
@jimr2053
@jimr2053 4 місяці тому
It would be nice to have measurements of the quiescent current of the regulator under no load and also under light loads to get an idea of the losses.
@arturtrzebinski2112
@arturtrzebinski2112 4 місяці тому
full range efficiency plot would be awesome
@andymouse
@andymouse 4 місяці тому
Great review, and an interesting cell....cheers.
@rezwan8744
@rezwan8744 11 днів тому
excellent excellent video.. been waiting for an in depth explanation of these batteries.. if ever possible, please do a comparison.. 1.5v to 1.5v and 1.5v to 1.2v.. thanks again..
@BNOVA
@BNOVA 16 днів тому
Thanks for the video. Can a similar analysis be done for Eneloop Lithium ION Batteries?
@viduexplorer
@viduexplorer 3 місяці тому
Nice review, can i know is NICD 1.2v batteries do have noise like this lithium 1.5 battery?
@suryaprihadi2258
@suryaprihadi2258 17 днів тому
Thank you
@waitun786
@waitun786 17 днів тому
Does the same charging mode apply to lithium battery with usb port as well?
@jdmccorful
@jdmccorful 4 місяці тому
I find the idea good, but what you mention about current draw/ temperature could be a problem with combustion.I would wonder if the battery could be used in outside wireless weather stations.
@johnwest7993
@johnwest7993 4 місяці тому
Not if you live anywhere it freezes if your weather station has PV recharging. You do not want to try to charge those cells below 0c.
@jdmccorful
@jdmccorful 4 місяці тому
@@johnwest7993 because it's Li or the voltage configuration? I don't remember hearing about low temp problems with Li. Could you please explain or should I just "see the books".I wasn't thinking of charging them in place. Oh heavens, my station has no way to recharge in place. I believe I see your point now, thanks.
@rocketman221projects
@rocketman221projects 4 місяці тому
@@jdmccorful Most lithium ion cells can be damaged if charged below 0°C. You can usually get away with a very slow trickle charge though. They would work if you are not charging them outside, but the DC-DC converter in these cells will probably drain them rather quickly. 1.5V lithium primary cells would be a much better choice for a low powered device like a weather station sensor since they can handle below freezing temperatures well.
@jdmccorful
@jdmccorful 4 місяці тому
@@rocketman221projects I hear what you are saying. I have always used the Energizers Li batteries in my station, but in the past year they have gotten so expensive and I hate disposing. Initial expense ok for these rechargable and I would swap and recharge in stable 72 degree home.Thanks for your time.
@ashchbkv6965
@ashchbkv6965 17 днів тому
Does this mean the Xtar charger isn't compatible for 1.5v li-ion batteries from other brands?
@0nyxghost
@0nyxghost 4 місяці тому
I just received some AA and AAA usb type-c rechargeable both Rated for 5500mAh. I ran them down to 1.1v and measured the capacity of input energy. The AAA took 200mAh at 5V = 1000mWh and the AA took 675mAh at 5V = 3375mWh. The usealbe output capacity would be the mWh / 1.5V = 2250mAh for AA and 667mAh for AAA. I have asked how they calculate 5500mah without reply. Maybe the capacity is 5500 but only a partial amount is able to discharge. Testing 3 AAA in a small 9 LED flashlight caused damage to 2 flash lights. Flickering and burnt out LEDs while using these batteries. The switching noise was 50 to 100 mv and I suspect the flash lights received high voltage surges when the batteries were depleted. The safety circuitry is weak or non existent. Not sure if I trust using these batteries in my devices.
@arturtrzebinski2112
@arturtrzebinski2112 4 місяці тому
I'm affraid they included all 4-pack capacity in those 5500mAh. 😅 Or maybe summary capacity from brand-new to end-of-life usage 🤣 Also try to avoid using those batteries for devices that rely on internal resistance (IR) of cells and gradually lowering voltage - such as christmas LED lights, torches etc. These devices, especially cheap ones, dont have any corrent limiting resistors and rely solely on IR of batteries. This may be the reason, some LEDs failed. I think, these batteries can have their niche of usage with devices that need 1,5V like of alkaline, and operate poorly, when Ni-MH are used.
@blg53
@blg53 3 місяці тому
You do realize that they are using Chinese mAh in their documentation?....
@szllee
@szllee 4 місяці тому
Goooood. I did buy 3 ....
@sklepa
@sklepa 4 місяці тому
Have you measured bare cell capacity? It would be interesting how much it has.
@KerryWongBlog
@KerryWongBlog 4 місяці тому
16:45 Measured battery capacity
@sklepa
@sklepa 4 місяці тому
I mean without dcdc conveter. From 4.2V to lets say to 2.8V
@blg53
@blg53 3 місяці тому
@@sklepaAt a guess is should be comparable with any Lithium Ion cell of the same size. Low current Lithium cell that is, similar in performance to a button cell. Since it can support 2 Amps maximum AFTER the STEP DOWN from 4.2 to 1.5 V its maximum native current should be in the vicinity of 700 mAmps.
@sklepa
@sklepa 3 місяці тому
@@blg53 yep, i know but was curious if Kerry measured some exact numbers 👍
@todkapuz
@todkapuz 4 місяці тому
these seem to behave exactly like a random chinese brand I bought few years ago... it was solid 1.5 volts out until near end then it stepped down to i think 1.0 volts... used them for a long time in a wireless keyboard i had... one of them them failed in a way that it wouldnt charge anymore.
@arturtrzebinski2112
@arturtrzebinski2112 4 місяці тому
Whaaaaaat?! Really? They use ordinary Shottky diode instead of some kind of mosfet-operating protection against reverse polarity? that could be the source of this 75 degree heat, when drawing 2,5A of power... I hope, they improve this converter, to be more efficient. Also, deeper testing would be nice, in that area. Also, I would love to see the battery voltage, to be gradually falling from 1,5 to 1V in last 30% of energy state, instead of that one-step fall, which may cause some operated digital instruments to crash before they notice user of low battery.
@MariKirbyCastillote
@MariKirbyCastillote 4 місяці тому
Hello, do you still have the source code for this project? ukposts.info/have/v-deo/kKqegompfW1jrX0.html
@nateart8393
@nateart8393 19 днів тому
wowww now you have let the cat out of the bag, the converters will be the failure point just like the bms is on the large lithion 100ahr batteries leaving a person with a dead battery ...Its a given, the electronics can NOT hold the constant cycle of In out voltage /current , so sad stick with nimh no internal parts circuits etc .
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