A firm foundation is paramount to proper track performance and proper drainage is key to maintaining that foundation. Trapped water in the ballast decreases the necessary interlocking mechanics, which causes a loss of ballast and subgrade strength. This loss of strength deteriorates track geometry, creates batter, and loosens fasteners. Excess water also leads to premature tie deterioration and leaves the track vulnerable to frost heaves in cold weather. Shoulder ballast cleaning breaks open mud pockets and releases trapped water to restore drainage. It extends tonnage between surfacing and undercutting cycles, extends ballast and tie life, and reduces the occurrences of frost heaves.