Output PCB - VGA from Scratch - Part 18

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James Sharman

James Sharman

День тому

In this video I turn the final output circuitry into a PCB. This is circuits from multiple vga videos going all the way back to the first in the vga series. You can probably guess from the length of the video, I ran into some problems with this one. I thought about splitting this into two videos but I couldn’t find a place where it felt right. Conceptually though it has two halves. Firstly the classic schematic, layout, route and solder is the first part, right up until I test the board. Secondly the remainder of the video is troubleshooting, diagnosis and repair. Based on previous comments I imagine some people will be interested in that second half even if they wouldn’t normally have watched a PCB build video.
With the schematic I have a false start trying out a wider form factor, making the PCB’s for the VGA into a (educated) guess of the space I need is proving to be a challenge. We’ll see how that goes when I get to the final couple of modules.
0:00 Introduction
0:25 Discussion
2:31 Schematic
20:07 New layout
24:12 Routing
28:25 Unboxing
30:17 Placing
33:55 Reflow
35:41 Hand Soldering
39:40 Install
41:32 First Power-On
48:35 Stand alone testing
1:02:41 Colour Bar Test
1:07:15 Bodge
1:15:35 Bodge test
1:16:19 Bodge Fix
1:18:36 Working!
1:19:56 Outro
Big Mistakes
14:18 Reversing the lines
37:23 Hand soldering

КОМЕНТАРІ: 201
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 2 місяці тому
Join us on Discord: discord.gg/jmf6M3z7XS Follow me on Twitter: twitter.com/WeirdBoyJim Support the channel on Patreon: www.patreon.com/JamesSharman
@Jim_Bo
@Jim_Bo Місяць тому
37:25 😀
@mekafinchi
@mekafinchi Місяць тому
I think it's delightfully fitting that you've made a pipelined VGA card for the pipelined CPU project
@CeDoMain
@CeDoMain Місяць тому
😂 Yes!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Only thing I could do!
@berntolovhellstrom8891
@berntolovhellstrom8891 Місяць тому
Some advice to bodge. - scrape on the pcb, only in one direction and the wire will be more clean to solder on. It is also easier as the blade won't slip. - use a thin wire thread from a multi thread power cord or similar. It doesn't need to be insulated. You got a green mask as insulator. - Solder it at one end, shape the wire with a pincet / tweezer and solder it at the other end. Then you cut it with a sharp knife or scalpel, or you can bend it up and cut it with a pair of pliers. Use a drop of nail polish or super glue, if it is longer.
@OscarSommerbo
@OscarSommerbo Місяць тому
Pincette = Tweezer for those that were confused. Great advice!!
@robiniddon7582
@robiniddon7582 Місяць тому
I made a similar comment but it vanished. Two extra points. Consider using enamelled wire. It comes in 0.15mm OD so similar to trace width. Also you get micro engraver pens which do the same as a Dremel but easier to handle.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
When I use plain wire in past bodges people commented and told me to use this stuff! Cutting the wire in place sounds like a good idea!
@berntolovhellstrom8891
@berntolovhellstrom8891 Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjimThe trick is to use as thin wire as possible as it is more flexible. Thicker wires are causing stress to the solder and it will crack by time. It is of course a difference between production units and development work. Bodging is part of development and there is no need to overdo but we can't make everyone in this world happy and is always up to personal preferences. Btw, your work is extraordinary and i like your simple methods to design!! Hats off!
@TheRealBobHickman
@TheRealBobHickman Місяць тому
Nice work again, I was shouting at my screen when I saw you bridge the VGA connection earlier in the video. For a minute there I thought JAM was going to stand for "Just Always Mustard" ;)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thanks Bob. I may have to rethink the way I present mistakes in the video, I deliberately drew attention to it with pace change, I have to wonder how many people would have noticed if I kept that segment of soldering at a constant speed.
@BillySugger1965
@BillySugger1965 Місяць тому
Hi James, you asked for advice on track mods… If you must cut tracks with a blade then make two parallel cuts across the track, then use a hot iron to soften the adhesive and lift out the track segment between the cuts. That’s then guaranteed to be open circuit. More recently, I’ve found using a Dremel with a small burr bit is great for cutting tracks easily and safely. And with care you can also remove solder resist selectively with a Dremel too. (Back in the 1980s I worked for IBM and they had rework operators with dentist drills and microscopes who could make cuts and jumps in buried tracks inside 12 layer PCBs 😳). Another tip for cleaning up solder joints; get yourself some solder braid and use it with liquid flux. When inspecting solder joints, the thing to look for is a concave meniscus in the solder where it joins the two conductors. If you can see that, however small, the solder has wetted to both surfaces and the connection is made. If the meniscus is convex, there is a possibility of a dry joint. This is a good reason to solder sparingly and avoid blobby joints. Great work as always!
@CeDoMain
@CeDoMain Місяць тому
That is a really good comment!
@gazehound
@gazehound Місяць тому
Cool bit of info about IBM!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Lifting the track like that would definitely be more robust. There is a risk with what I did there that a burr might be present that migrates to remake the connection. I only need this to last a few weeks until the replacement arrives though.
@R.Daneel
@R.Daneel Місяць тому
Fantastic work. The best teachers understand the real learning is in finding and fixing mistakes. SUCH good content.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thanks Chetter!
@joshbassett
@joshbassett 2 місяці тому
It’s nice when it works first try, but I enjoy watching you figure out the bugs 🐛 Thanks James.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 2 місяці тому
Glad you like! I've had far too many boards work first time than I have any right to expect!
@boredfish80
@boredfish80 День тому
It’s all good and well showing how to build these things, but leaving in all the mistakes so you can show the process of testing and problem solving has been great. It’s not put me off trying something out for myself but it’s certainly prepared me and made me think a bit more realistically about what it will entail. Excellent stuff.
@twobob
@twobob Місяць тому
yup. Me. pauses video. sucks through teeth. "That solder bridge is going to be a problem", you much much later "I can see..." Youch. Your dedication and investigative techniques made the error well worth the journey. Superb video as always
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thanks twobob. I had a bit of a blind spot finding that one.
@twobob
@twobob Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim Analog: "I spent 48 hours debugging the networking code", The cable was faulty... Looks like a nail to my hammer...
@AlexandreGamaLima
@AlexandreGamaLima 2 місяці тому
The best video series ever created, better than Netflix! Thanks James!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 2 місяці тому
Very kind words. Glad you enjoy it!
@iamdarkyoshi
@iamdarkyoshi Місяць тому
Tip from mikeselectricstuff: Drop your smt parts on a piece of paper. Use all the rightside up ones, then tap the paper to flip the upside down ones. Repeat until finished. Also, 0603? You're spoiling me! I work with 0102s daily, they're like solderable flea farts!
@matambale
@matambale Місяць тому
0102s only exist at the quantum level. You have my respect.
@mars5train601
@mars5train601 Місяць тому
@@matambale Just like quantum particles, they have the delightful ability to tunnel through any solid barrier, and tend to disappear when observed. I do not envy darkyoshi
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
That "Tap the paper" step feels like you are just asking for them to "escape" across the room. SMD parts want to be free!
@0toleranz
@0toleranz Місяць тому
Oh, those flea farts probably make them disappear 🤣
@GodmanchesterGoblin
@GodmanchesterGoblin Місяць тому
My favourite hardware debug tool back in the 80s and 90s was always the Mark 1 eyeball, even before checking power rails. Well done, James. Got there in the end.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
My Mark 1 eyeballs are are not as good as they used to be!
@arminth
@arminth Місяць тому
Great video showing the tedious work of debugging! You might have it a tad easier if you use a bit of flux on these tiny resistor packs. This helps avoiding crossconnections quite a bit. It also worked very good on your last bodge wire! 😉
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Well, I can't argue with that. It's always easy to say I should reached or the flux quicker in hindsight. A lot of the time when actually doing it though it's just a couple of dabs with the tip and the problem is solved.
@prozacgodretro
@prozacgodretro Місяць тому
@1:10 - suggestions to help with fixing those bodges, #1 - get a fiber pen for removing the mask. #2 get a cheap bag of those retractable razors, with the snap off bits... so you can have a fresh point all the time. #3 get some 18/20 gauge magnet wire #4 get some of the uv curable resin mask to use on the bodge to secure it. (#2 ** or at least get a new razor blade, that one looks like it's been in there for a decade!) Alternative to magnet wire... 80 conductor IDE cables work well, for some reason their insulation seems quite heat resistant too. I always expose very little in the way of wire when tinning/soldering these.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Based on the recommendations here I've ordered a new craft knife and and a fiber pen, I may do a video testing a recreation of one of these bodges.
@NeoAF10
@NeoAF10 Місяць тому
James, Kudos for not accepting defeat!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thanks!
@thisnthat3530
@thisnthat3530 Місяць тому
For cutting traces on a PCB I use a drill bit which I twist by hand.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Other people have suggested that, I worry about the inner layers though.
@vaclav_mach
@vaclav_mach Місяць тому
You can buy a “pen knife” with something like 1mm blade. It’s cheap and ideal for cutting small traces, removing soldermask etc. You can use is a “drill” just twisting by hand - ideal for cutting traces at a single point.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I need to look into that kind of tool,
@DemetryRomanowski
@DemetryRomanowski Місяць тому
A few tips, One: stop using the box cutter and get yourself a surgical scalpel, scrape in one direction when exposing tracks, I actually switch between a rotary engraver, scalpel or just a sharp pair of tweezers to expose tracks depending on what I feel like/how precise I have to be. Two: when doing rework, use lots of flux, don't be shy with it, all those bridges could have been avoided with a good application of flux. Three: get some better wire, thin strands from multistrand ac cord works in a pinch but I like 32awg magnet wire, heat burns off the enamel but I usually prep it with a but of sand paper, if you use an non insulated wire get some of that UV cure solder mask in a syringe too even if it doesn't need to be insulated, helps with rigidity of the bodge. Good work though, super impressive build.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I've ordered a fine craft knife and a fibre pen based on the recommendations here. The wire is frustration, I used to use solid core and had lots of people posting that I should use the stuff I use in this video. Can't win!
@DemetryRomanowski
@DemetryRomanowski Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim Really for 'mod wire' its just personal preference, everyone has their "right" way of doing things just like myself hahaha, I like magnet wire or bare wire because I don't have to deal with insulation melting as I'm soldering, and I don't have to try and bend the wire downward into the joint since it will sit higher from the insulation later.
@dennisdecoene
@dennisdecoene Місяць тому
awesome work as always, James. Love your video's. Been here from the beginning. Yours is one of the handful of subscribed channels I actually have the bell turned on for!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
That's high praise! Glad you are enjoying!
@Sovvyy
@Sovvyy Місяць тому
Very relatable - I apprecaite that you keep all the mistakes in as it makes me feel more normal 😅. Looking forward to the new graphics!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Glad you enjoyed it! I think I've been lucky with pcb's so I was a due a couple of mistakes!
@matambale
@matambale Місяць тому
I think it's past time to add "The Artful Bodger" to your CV, James :^) You might find a 'fiber scratch pen' useful for removing mask from a board; I tend to be way too brutal with an X-acto knife. Not saying that you are, but that my happiness level went up when I finally bought a set of them.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I'm not sure the "Artful" is entirely deserved 😅
@eightbit3342
@eightbit3342 Місяць тому
nice save at the end there sir! loving this project more and more, cant wait for the next instalment :) 8Bit.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thanks! I have some fun stuff coming!
@m1geo
@m1geo 2 місяці тому
Keen for the longer episodes!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 2 місяці тому
Thanks George. This one was a real slog! I did think about splitting it into two.
@RealEngineer
@RealEngineer Місяць тому
Great video as always 🎉
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thank you 🤗
@wadowicegwadowiceg8093
@wadowicegwadowiceg8093 Місяць тому
That was very satisfactory!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Glad you enjoyed!
@khatharrmalkavian3306
@khatharrmalkavian3306 Місяць тому
An hour and 22 minutes? Here we goooooooo!
@khatharrmalkavian3306
@khatharrmalkavian3306 Місяць тому
37:24 Oh no....
@khatharrmalkavian3306
@khatharrmalkavian3306 Місяць тому
Oh good, you did find it.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Hope it didn't disappoint!
@khatharrmalkavian3306
@khatharrmalkavian3306 Місяць тому
Always a pleasure, sir.
@Wren6991
@Wren6991 Місяць тому
Some good, solid, gritty debugging here! Love to see it, keep up the good work :)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thanks, will do!
@skmgeek
@skmgeek Місяць тому
aww yeah, new 80 minute long James Sharman video! I know what I'm doing tonight! :D
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Hope it lived upto expectations!
@Torbjorn.Lindgren
@Torbjorn.Lindgren Місяць тому
Breaking tracks and clearing solder mask - cordless engraver tool - they tend to provide very fine tip and lots of control. Other love using dremel (or clone) with fine burr bit or the green rubber abrasive bits - this can be used by hand for fine work and in the tool for larger work (like battery damage where it's often necessary to expose significant areas).
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I'm nervous about doing it with a power tool, especially on a multi layer pcb.
@colinstu
@colinstu Місяць тому
So much work with debug and bodge but got there! What an adventure. Great work, love seeing it all figured out.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Glad you found it interesting!
@rauljvila
@rauljvila Місяць тому
Thank you very much for showing all the troubleshooting in such detail! ... and for the awesome content, as always. After all that hard work it feels even better seeing it working.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thanks! Would have felt very different at the end if I'd left it non functional!
@BrainSlugs83
@BrainSlugs83 Місяць тому
I saw this video was out and had to watch it immediately. I love following the build of your JAM-1 computer. This episode was fun though, I was pretty much shouting at the TV for half the video, "fix the bridge on the VGA connector!" like I was watching some kind of sportsball game. 😅 My advice: you always want to solder those middle pins first, and then the outer ones for that very reason. They're too hard to get to otherwise and you end up doing rework. For cutting traces, I use a mini rotary tool, a *very* wimpy, under powered one (on purpose! -- don't use a dremel or anything so powerful, get the cheapest one you can find) with a very fine pointed diamond tip (finer than your soldering iron). You can polish and cut traces with those very nicely. You should be able to run it against your finger and not really feel it, but it should be strong enough to remove nail polish (which also works as a poor man's insulator / conformal coating 😅), if that makes sense. ✌️
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
So easy to spot that issue in hindsight! Let's be honest, the real mistake was not checking the underside of the pcb at all until after I had spent time troubleshooting!
@pipsqueak2009
@pipsqueak2009 Місяць тому
Well done!!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thanks!
@miege90
@miege90 Місяць тому
Watching this debug session was especially painful 😅 I'm glad you got it working in the end. As a frontend developer dealing with color codes a lot, my immediate gut feeling when seeing the yellow was that the red and green analog signals were crossconnected in some way or another. Also, it seems like the analog signals are quite noisy, try putting them over a seperate ground plane and add extra decoupling.
@GodmanchesterGoblin
@GodmanchesterGoblin Місяць тому
I think the ringing seen on the scope traces was mostly due to poor grounding of the scope probe. But of course, a full ground plane, or split analogue and digital ground planes might help further if required to clean up any noise on the display.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
It had that thought as well, I just had a mental blind spot about checking the back of the pcb!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
The ringing is far less if I ground the scope probes better. There is more noise on the main power rails than I would like. In future modules I need to isolate all the led's better.
@0toleranz
@0toleranz Місяць тому
Hi James, seeing you create that bridge on the VGA connector at the last pins soldering for some reason I instantly knew it would send you off to an long painfully long search and debugging session on the „wrong“ side of the pcb having made similar silly things before. Oh dear! Glad you got that sorted eventually though. As for cutting traces on pcbs for a long time I used a small jewelers engraving tool with a flexible transmission axle- very similar to a dentists drill and polishing tool. Unfortunately it’s drive unit broke a couple of years ago (the motor windings) wich costs a fortune to replace. A dremel doesn’t give me the same kind of control to me - or is it my hands getting older and eyesight’s not the same as it used to be 😅.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I like to think I would have found it quicker if it were not for the other issues.
@AJMansfield1
@AJMansfield1 Місяць тому
To scrape PCBs more easily, snap off the tip of a scalpel blade and use the squared-off back edge of the break.
@AJMansfield1
@AJMansfield1 Місяць тому
For further improvement you can use fine sandpaper or a sharpening stone to polish the break into a flat surface, or even use a dremel to carve that back edge of the blade into a hook shape, but even just the raw fractured edge makes for a half-decent scorper in a pinch.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I've been convinced to try a fibre pencil
@CollinBaillie
@CollinBaillie Місяць тому
I did aee the bridge on the VGA connector. You said you slowed it down in editing, so it was obvious. Not a bad idea, but if you want to show the error like that, put a note on screen too, so we know you know and you're showing us. One other thing, that the red and green were both showing the same (yellow) colour is kind of a dead give away on the bridge, since red + green = yellow. Could have saved yourself a bit of time there. A bit like what they say about racing corners... Slow is fast. Slow down, don't panic, take your time. We love watching you work. All the same, great video showing the use of oscilloscope to diagnose the channels. 👍🏻
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
In hindsight I would have added a more obvious highlight, but with more subtle errors I still think it’s better not to.
@LaserFur
@LaserFur Місяць тому
32:00 I've had all kind of problems with resistor arrays. for hand soldering I use kapton tape and then blob on lots of solder. And in production they seem to be more of a pain than they are worth. And preheat the PCB for soldering, and use high temp flux. I also use a double bevil soldering iron tip as it helps suck away the extra solder.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I should try a slimier with separate passives and see how much difference it makes.
@LaserFur
@LaserFur Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjimshrinking to smaller passive footprints gets close to the same spacing and has less issues in low volume production. A single resistor will flip up if not soldered making it easier to spot.
@damianvila
@damianvila Місяць тому
At 37:24 it seems you bridged pins 1 and 2 (red and green)? Maybe it was solved later and wasn't shown. But I wanted to mention it, just in case.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
If you re-watch that section you'll realize I slow the camera feed right down to make it nice an obvious. Kicked myself for not checking those joints!
@damianvila
@damianvila Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim Oh! Alright. Fantastic! I knew you surely were aware of that, but dumb me didn’t notice the video being slowed down. Cheers!
@ecosta
@ecosta Місяць тому
I love to see the troubleshooting process. Too bad it is much easier to troubleshoot when you are back-seating... I spotted the vga connector bridge issue when you solder the board, but my I'm sure I would never see it if it was me doing the soldering... 😄
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 27 днів тому
I really kicked myself over that one. I am debating how I show the mistakes in videos, perhaps I should highlight them explicitly when I make them?
@ecosta
@ecosta 25 днів тому
@@weirdboyjim I like the chillaxing pace without breaks and blips. You are explaining your mistakes quite well without relying on highlights. And I find more amusing to spot those from my backseat when I do it without help... 😄
@IcySon55
@IcySon55 Місяць тому
I've seen many others on UKposts bodge traces using a green rubber tip on a dremel to clear away the solder mask relatively safely.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I'll look into that, the more abrasive techniques worry me.
@IcySon55
@IcySon55 Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim It's pretty safe used appropriately. Iirc Adrian uses it, Epictronics and others come to mind.
@Zadster
@Zadster Місяць тому
You might find a magnifying binocular visor helpful when debugging fine traces and connections. The stereo view it gives can be very helpful. You get a much better impression of what is happening than the single point-of-view microscope.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I've thought about that. The microscope is as much for the video as for me!
@yuvalpolevoy
@yuvalpolevoy Місяць тому
Keep the digital stuff away from the analog *bits*. Best pun of the year!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Accidental pun! 😅
@Cowboy-Ben-Alman
@Cowboy-Ben-Alman Місяць тому
Oh man, I saw the VGA connector solder bridge when it happened, but I didn't see you fix it, so I was like "surely he saw that and fixed it, he just didn't show it on camera." Then I completely forgot about it until you found it an hour into the video, at which point I had simultaneous thoughts "I guess he didn't fix it" and "I'm such an idiot, why didn't I realize that would explain the combined red-green color"
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
shows how easy it is to develop blind spots, I was expecting to find some source of cross blending but I didn't think to look at the back until later.
@Cowboy-Ben-Alman
@Cowboy-Ben-Alman Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim yeah, totally!
@theboot100
@theboot100 Місяць тому
I spotted the solder bridge when you soldered the vga connector! Was wondering If that was causing the issues Another great video James. I love watching you troubleshoot. Considering the complexity of your schematics you've made very few mistakes, can't have them all working first time!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Thanks! As I mentioned in the video, there were multiple errors which made it tougher to find at the time. Always feels obvious in hindsight though.
@garry5280
@garry5280 Місяць тому
I have to be honest. While I've admired the work you have done on this, this has to be the most painful thing to watch. I spent 15 minutes shouting at the screen about the bottom side solder short 😂 I've cringed at every single solder joint and bodge wire throughout the video. Otherwise another interesting video. Dont give up. 👍
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
The choice for me here is to cover up mistakes or show them. That big solder bridge was something I should have spotted BUT it was far easier to see in the video especially after I slowed down that but of footage.
@garry5280
@garry5280 Місяць тому
​@@weirdboyjimeveryone makes mistakes for sure. I cant deny I've made more than my fair share. Nevertheless I think it'd be in your interests to get some training where your soldering is concerned, it would save you hours debugging if you get it right first time. Your project is quite brilliant, don't take my criticism as a negative, it's not. Your video though making me cringe at every turn is informative, entertaining and educational. I'd love to see you improve and achieve the goals which you've set yourself. 👍
@edgeeffect
@edgeeffect Місяць тому
"People in the comments wont forgive me if I put any in the wrong way round"... :D It's important! :D ... You need a companion for "the box of shame"... somewhere for things like the old DACs to go... things that have been "sent to live on a farm". The nearest thing I've got to advice for breaking tracks is to use a scalpel or the tiniest craft knife you can find, it's a bit easier than a Stanley knife, but not much. I've often wondered about putting a T-shaped handle on the top of a tiny drill bit and use it like a gimlet. Yeah... watching this and thinking of some of my own adventures... bodging PCBs is definitely "type 2 fun"
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I keep looking at the frame of shame and wondering what percentage of 2nd working set I'd have at the end...
@anglija-england
@anglija-england Місяць тому
300+ students in your first hour 🎉🎉🎉
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
It's rewarding that people get something out of my project!
@miege90
@miege90 Місяць тому
I recently learned about 0-ohm resistors and how they can be used to bridge crossing wires on one-sided pcbs. Maybe they can help you bringing your 4 layer pcb designs back to two layers, making them cheaper
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I have some of those in my component store, more interested in using them as jumpers though.
@ruevs
@ruevs Місяць тому
1:04:17 yes it was really obvious. You created the solder bridge on the VGA connector at 37:20. Oh, and use more flux when re-working. Much more than the tiny amount in the rosin core and in the solder paste.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
It was very obvious in hindsight! I also change the speed of the video when I'm editing to highlight the mistakes to the viewer!
@ruevs
@ruevs Місяць тому
I watch all your videos as soon as I get notified of them. Even though the concepts are all known to me - your attention to detail and the lengths you have gone to, during the years, to make this computer fast, stable and truly usable are really impressive. Your videos should be a very valuable learning tool for someone studying electrical/computer engineering or computer science.
@alatnet
@alatnet Місяць тому
A fiber pen might be best to get rid of solder mask and an xacto knife might be best instead of a box knife.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I'll look into that! I do need a finer knife.
@robiniddon7582
@robiniddon7582 Місяць тому
You could look at reducing the size of your paste mask apertures. I reckon you could easily use 75% of the pad area, because your stencils are quite thick. Also take a look at fiducials, you might decide they help you with stencil alignment.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Fiducials might help with the initial alignment but the real problem here was using the spreader perpendicular to the direction it was held in.
@robiniddon7582
@robiniddon7582 Місяць тому
Yup, but if you reduce the paste mask apertures then the scope for angular misalignment goes up as you cannot see the whole footprint through the pads, if that makes any sense at all 😂
@fintux
@fintux Місяць тому
This must be the first time I've spotted a problem befor you pointed it out James 😅 Though I only spotted the one at 37:25. I was wondering if you could have worked around the banding issue in software - but I'm not sure it would have given smooth gradients, and of course would not have validated the board design.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I could have worked around the banding in software, but I would have had less intensity levels per channel.
@OriginalJetForMe
@OriginalJetForMe Місяць тому
Get yourself some water soluble liquid flux and solder. Then be sure to clean your boards! I’ve had residual flux cause all sorts of problems, enough to make crystal oscillators fail to oscillate.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Water soluble solder?
@ddanielmiester
@ddanielmiester Місяць тому
Nice job 👍 Ive done #32 wires to 0.005" traces for a bodge recently. Wasn't fun, but was quite possible. Especially with good magnification. 0603 components are the smallest im comfortable doing manual, but ill do 0402 if i have to. Not sure how successful id be with anything smaller.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
For future builds I do want to optimize the space the led's take so I may investigate smaller parts for those and associated resistors.
@AppliedCryogenics
@AppliedCryogenics Місяць тому
The smallest discrete SMD package I'm comfortable with is 0603. I hope my old hands and eyes can handle those for a few more years at least. (I once accidentally ordered some 0201 resistors, and they crazy small in person.. reminiscent of ground black pepper.)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
The separate 0603's are not too bad, the arrays are a bit tougher. Not in a rush to go smaller.
@stompreaper
@stompreaper Місяць тому
I have less trouble with the scooped iron tip than the flat one for smd work. The solder sticks a bit more to the tip and bridges a bit less on the pins
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I should try some of the other tips I have.
@DavidRFHarris
@DavidRFHarris Місяць тому
I would advise using a drill press very slowly to remove the trace.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I'm nervous of using power tools on a multi layer board!
@TrollingAround
@TrollingAround Місяць тому
I recognised 'Robots and Empire' immediately, any chance of a quick pan over your book shelf?
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Great book series! I'll think about!
@Elixz89
@Elixz89 Місяць тому
Have you considered looking into a Pixel Pump or equivalent? Might help with placing smd components.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I've not actually. At the volume I'm doing it doesn't feel like it would be much benefit?
@Elixz89
@Elixz89 Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim I don't think volume would be a valid reason, use of ease would be for me. You can directly pick components from the tape and place them on your board without the use of tweezers. I found that I was able to place components with greater precision and keep the solder paste where its needed without smearing it out.
@graealex
@graealex Місяць тому
What are your thoughts on EasyEDA vs. KiCAD vs. CircuitMaker vs. CircuitStudio (and other commercial options)? I'm starting a project and the last time I did EDA, I had Altium Designer available, but not anymore.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I've only really used EasyEDA, I mean to give KiCAD a try at some point but I'm going to stick to the hobbyist tools.
@graealex
@graealex Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjimWell, I wonder whether paying $500 for a perpetual license might make sense. But thanks for your feedback.
@dbarrie
@dbarrie Місяць тому
Some liquid flux would definitely help with removing those solder bridges! Don’t suppose your paste is a bit old? I’ve seen similar issues when using old solder paste that had too much time to settle and the flux went a bit meh.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Yes, this paste is a bit old. I rarely get far into a tube of it (which is the smallest unit I can buy) before it starts to be imperfect.
@dbarrie
@dbarrie Місяць тому
I’ve got one I’ve had sitting in the fridge after doing a single board with it about four years ago. I can’t bring myself to throw it away, I might need it again!
@viperjay1
@viperjay1 Місяць тому
James, I have been following you on this project off and on for what seems to be years now. How hard would it be to make it compatible with hdmi ?
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
You could use a HDMI encoder chip quite easily. That does feel like a far more complex device that suits this project. Making a discrete logic circuit to encode hdmi would require far higher clock rates that I could go near on a breadboard.
@DAVIDGREGORYKERR
@DAVIDGREGORYKERR Місяць тому
Are you using Video Speed Operational Amplifiers if why not.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
No, this is just R2R ladder dacs like the breadboard version.
@RoamingAdhocrat
@RoamingAdhocrat Місяць тому
have you considered redesigning the PCBs so they can be mounted inside a pipe?
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I'm planning a wall mount for the final system. But you can think of my workshop as a wide rectangular pipe!
@patriklindahl4991
@patriklindahl4991 Місяць тому
If you add flux when trying to remove the solder bridges it will be much easier
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
It is, but it makes a mess so I usually try it without first.
@stevensexton5801
@stevensexton5801 Місяць тому
Learning how to NOT solder
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Harsh
@jensschroder8214
@jensschroder8214 Місяць тому
I sit in front of the screen and shout: Tin bridge on the bottom! But you didn't hear it !
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I'm sorry, I'll listen better next time! 😅
@danny_racho
@danny_racho Місяць тому
How exactly did you know that spreading paste in one direction caused that problem? I'm really curious :)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
The tape is not very strong when pulled in the wrong direction, that allowed the stencil to turn slightly.
@danny_racho
@danny_racho Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjimAh I understand!! So you're pulling in the opposite direction of the best tape right? I'm doing next week a big design, that would be a great tip :)
@DAVIDGREGORYKERR
@DAVIDGREGORYKERR Місяць тому
You could have gone with a HDMI interface for a nice clean signal in the digital domain as a lot of manufacturers are putting HDMI ports on their TV sets.
@janikarkkainen3904
@janikarkkainen3904 Місяць тому
HDMI with just logic chips is a nigh on impossible. Better to VGA output and then if HDMI needed use a VGA -> HDMI adapater.
@talideon
@talideon Місяць тому
And even if HDMI were possible, there are funny licensing issues to deal with. You can technically bitbang HDMI, but it'd take putting some kind of dedicated hardware on the board to do so, which would defeat the purpose of the build. VGA is the sensible choice here.
@DAVIDGREGORYKERR
@DAVIDGREGORYKERR Місяць тому
@@talideonIf AMD/ATI can do it why not James Sharman?
@ArneChristianRosenfeldt
@ArneChristianRosenfeldt Місяць тому
VGA connects directly to the guns in a CRT and scratches the nostalgia itch.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
You could do it with an off the shelf encoder chip, but that isn't really aligned with what I want to do with this project. I'm trying to do everything as low level as possible with 74 series logic chips as the baseline. I'd risk having an enocder chip with more transisters than than a big chunk of the system, wouldn't feel honest to the projects theme.
@Mariuspersem
@Mariuspersem Місяць тому
1:04:43 classic
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Kicked myself for not checking the underside of the pcb sooner!
@djsmeguk
@djsmeguk Місяць тому
34:20 reflow ASMR
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Yeah! I was proud of that one! It was a shame I didn't have a row of led's on the pcb, they always look good in a reflow!
@mike44njdevils1
@mike44njdevils1 Місяць тому
I've been following this project on and off for about 2 years now. I know you wanted to be able to showcase every circuit you place on PCB. However, you seem to be limiting yourself to 2D thinking. Couldn't you put the Sprite hardware on risers ABOVE some part of the entire VGA circuit?
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 27 днів тому
I think it's all going to fit ok, working inside the constraints is an extra bit of challenge I like having. If I was really tight I could always stick a few passives on the back but I'd rather not do that. I appreciate my self imposed design constraints are not for everyone. The nearest I came to risers was for the Audio circuit, I thought I could stack channels above one another if I needed to without loosing much.
@captaindunsell8568
@captaindunsell8568 Місяць тому
Drimmel drill with very fine bit …
@olavl8827
@olavl8827 Місяць тому
Dremel.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I would worry about cutting too deep!
@olavl8827
@olavl8827 Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim Ball-end glass engraving bit (diamond coated) works very nicely.
@peter.stimpel
@peter.stimpel 2 місяці тому
Since Im partly red-green color blind, I would have said "OK, done, success" at around 43:00 in the video. Nice bughunt! As you wrote it is hart to tell if it was right or not to keep creating and debugging in one video, but 80 minutes are quite a bit ...
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 2 місяці тому
It's really easy to forget the impact of color blindness although I assume you could spot the intensity issues? It's tough to know what the right thing to do is, I don't want to hide my mistakes but sometimes they take more time to resolve than the original design work.
@peter.stimpel
@peter.stimpel 2 місяці тому
@@weirdboyjim I can see red and green as long as the area of each color is kind of big enough. But put a red and a green pixel beside each other and I am in trouble. I like the bughunt much more than the creating of things. Usually, you undertand topics much deeper during the search for mistakes. It was just quite a session with 80 mins :)
@angeldude101
@angeldude101 Місяць тому
I noticed the red and green colors becoming shades of yellow (and either didn't notice or forgot the solder bridge) and actually wondered how someone who's red-green color blind would think of it. Thank you for sharing your perspective!
@kirknelson156
@kirknelson156 Місяць тому
I wonder how many other people saw the bridges on those resistor packages and were shouting at the video trying to bring it to your attention. hey hey hey, you got a bridge.... why is he ignoring me????
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I did feel silly about that one. But it's far more noticeable in the final the video than it is in the raw footage as I subtly highlighted it.
@awesomecronk7183
@awesomecronk7183 Місяць тому
Those resistor arrays are just not your friend lol
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I still like the space saving! Still feels like they are better overall.
@petesapwell
@petesapwell Місяць тому
Your red and green are shorted together… hence the yellow
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Really? 🤣
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
Joking aside, some cross talk there was obvious. Kicked myself for not spotting the solder bridge at the time but there are other issues which are a bit more subtle.
@petesapwell
@petesapwell Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim I saw you do it but imagined you had too and corrected it, as soon as I saw that mucky yellow I knew you had not :) Still good to operate in the fault finding mode, makes your senses keener for the next one. And don’t kick yourself to hard, we’ve all made howlers like that & you left your mistake for everyone to see…and learn from. great work James :)
@petesapwell
@petesapwell Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim 😂🤓
@petesapwell
@petesapwell Місяць тому
@@weirdboyjim I saw you do it and imagined you had too and corrected it, as soon as I saw that mucky yellow I knew you hadn’t :) At least the other errors were helpful in terms of training in fault finding and applying (fine wire) bodges. And don’t kick yourself too hard we’ve all made some real howlers, and to your credit you showed your mistake and your route to finding it and that will help others. As always great work James :)
@gertk2303
@gertk2303 Місяць тому
One word: flux 😀
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
I did use some, I'm often a bit slower to get the flux on there as it does make a mess!
@gertk2303
@gertk2303 Місяць тому
IPA clears it up fine, at my work we use special flux remover (not so healthy stuff alas). But anyhow, I find your system quite amazing.
@ihrbekommtmeinenrichtigennamen
@ihrbekommtmeinenrichtigennamen Місяць тому
1:2:27 (It's possible that you've explained this previously.) Is there a specific reason that you are using symbols in your schematic where the terminals match the physical shape of the package you're using? EasyEDA supports sub-devices that can be placed individually on the schematic, but that still belong to one actual physical package on the board. Especially with the resistor network, that would make the schematic much more readable in my opinion and would have prevented the mistake with the output at the wrong step of the network.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Місяць тому
The symbols I use are the ones that appear in the search. Can you point at a resource on how to do that to the resistor arrays? I'd be interested to try that out.
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