Based on Professor Penrose’s conformal cyclic cosmology theory, I would like to suggest a couple of modifications. Specifically, mass turns into radiation through fusion, fission and hawking radiation. As total mass in the universe reduces, space-time expands. After the last proton decays into radiation, only electromagnetic waves are left, and the universe becomes a system of pure energy. At this point, the universe reaches maximum entropy, and with no mass, there is no more space-time. Wavelengths of electromagnetic waves become meaningless as well. Interestingly, at this point, with no space-time, what was supposed to be the state with maximum entropy and volume suddenly also becomes the state of having no volume and the lowest entropy (this is hard to understand per Professor Penrose). This condition is similar to the state described in the 10^-43 second “Planck Epoch”. At Planck Epoch, the system has a pile of energy and has the minimum entropy. As prescribed by the second law of thermodynamics and the uncertainty principle, the stochastic nature and the need to get out of the state of minimum entropy suggest that some of the energy would suddenly convert into mass on a stochastic basis (remember e=mc^2), and with the emergence of mass, space-time would suddenly re-emerge. The key here is that the expansion process isn’t continuous, as suggested by the inflation process in the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis theory. Instead, it suddenly happens in a blink, and mass is distributed like the distribution of water droplets on a mirror after a splash, some big, some small, unevenly across the newly re-emerged space-time, with some energy not turning into mass and becoming background radiation we observe today. As mass turns into radiation through the fusion and fission processes, the total mass in the universe reduces, space-time expands, and the cycle repeats itself. This hypothesis presents a plausible alternative to the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis theory. The recent discovery of large galaxy systems at 400/500 million years post Big Bang supports this hypothesis. I hope this provides some food for thought and provokes further thinking. Cheers!

0:42 ""Before I get to that, let me...describe the universe" delightful!

90 years old and still so curious! :)

Damn. You only get half the Penrose experience without an overhead projector. One of the greatest living minds

Penrose seems so genuine and humble.

Roger's brain is working in a higher realm to most of us

this is a hell of a thing to try explaining in a 1/2 hour

This guy needs to be listened to..Very clever man and at his age still going strong.I take my hat off to you sir Penrose

When you have a 74 and 77 year old battling it out and they both lack fundamental knowledge in a lot of things. And they are both running for president. Then you have Roger Penrose, 89 years old and is one of the most fluent physics speakers, and on of the smartest and ambitious physicist and mathematician in the entire world.

This humble Nobel laureate scientist calls himself an agnostic,he believes that to ask about the meaning of life is not a stupid question. He doesn't make me depressed.

Why have I only just discovered this man!? His stuff on consciousness is fascinating.

Glad they found the biggest 32” tv they could find to help these seniors see his presentation clearly.

21:08 when he's talking about black holes and their eventual demise (going pop / exploding), I thought a google years sounded like a scary amount of time. But when he illustrated his point saying : the graph is not to scale and it would be towards the edge of the universe when they go boom, my head exploded too!

What a mind! Penrose becomes more animated / interesting / sometimes hilarious in lectures rather than sit-down discussions. "but don't worry about that right now..." lol

If you increase the volume the temp. And pressure goes down if you decrease the volume or " squish the volume" the temperature and pressure goes up. That reminds me of the Ideal Gas Law. V1 P1/T1 = V2 P2/T2 . That is an elegant equation.

Sir Roger may have just discovered a way to prove the previous universe. If his hypothesis is correct, this is simply HUGE! I'm so thankful, he truly deserves his Knighthood and Nobel Prize. Outstanding man.

Poor Roger was asked to bring the computer monitor on his desk as part of his presentation.

what I appreciate about this hypothesis is that it makes predictions about what we should see - just as Einstein's equations do. It's rare though at this level of cosmology which often times borders on philosophy rather than science.

It is a pity that full screen slides could not have been edited into the presentation.

Fascinating and so interesting! 👍👍👏👏 Many, many Thanks for the video!

Never heard about his guy in my youth but man he's so worth listening to.

What an honor and privilege to listen to this great scientist. He's the only one who really fills me with awe at his intellect and imagination. Wonderful.

Passionately love this. Anything or anyone that provokes tantalising thought and thinking is just so profoundly wonderful.

Marvelous. And from the (statistically relevant) discovery of those rings, as pointed out by Penrose at the end of this discussion, I get the sense that his idea may have just nailed the whole concept of the Universe. His insight is worthy of Einstein, so now to solidify the proving of it. We exist, are emergent, out of an MC Escher print. Who knew? Heh! But regardless, to get right down to it I think it comes to this. To borrow from the Hindu....it's Turtles all the way down, and up, there Roger. BRILLIANT! John~ American Net'Zen

I couldn't love this man more.

When you listen to Roger Penrose, fasten your seat belt. World's greatest mind at the moment.

Magnificent. Loved it!!!

Very interesting seminar. It would be wonderful if Professor Penrose can have a follow up seminar on how this might explain those larger than expected very early galaxies, among other things, observed by the James Webb telescope, in 2023.

His work resembles the infinity symbol itself. Marvellous stuff.

I understood this much better with his chat with Lex Freidman, without visuals. I just recently found out about Sir Penrose due to Richard Dawkins. Thank you for this Roger! :) I agree that the inflation theory seams a bit hard to imagine.

Here Here!!!

I really wish that more scientists were like Roger Penrose. Don't misunderstand me, science rocks, quackery doesn't (I made it short). But science could rock even faster and harder.

Thankyou.

At time 28:04 he shows 4 sets of 2 rings where one is inside the other one where he says there must to be a difference in temperature from the inside circle to the out circle. - For sure those circles are there since all systems are like that, you dont have to go that far just take a look to the 4 rocky planets inside the inner asteroid belt and this inside asteroide belt inside the outer asteroid belt after Neptune where my guess the inside should always be hotter than the out side due that is closer to the sun or the nucleous. - As a rule the inside in radius is half the out side, as well is in matter, and gravity like is you add the gravity from the inside rocky planets you get 26M/S2 while the out side is 52M/S2.

Of all the strange theories of what might have been Physically at The Begining & The End, this is the one which makes the most sense to me and if Sir Rog is Right I'm thinking he might be as The Maths Worx...

Sir Roger, I believe the missing bit you are looking for is a rotational symmetry instead of a linear symmetry. At the end of the universe when black holes have doled out their last quanta of hawking radiation and the photons settle into a configuration where they cease to interact, the difference between complete entropy and total lack of entropy are a matter of scale. This reminds me of a Klein bottle in that entropy has returned to its origin without circling or crossing paths.

It's about time the international physics community seriously consider Penrose's CCC model.

Roger Penrose is a powerhouse of geometry and physics, past and present (time invariant, of course)!

Awesome talk! Never knew about this guy until youtube feed preferences. I'll be researching more of his studies. I often thought the universe was a reflection of another when I was younger, thanks to multi-universe comic books. Do super massive black holes collapse into singularities? Can multi-universes operate as a uniform collective? Or would one universe have to die before another born?

An honor to listen to this man. It's sad he has to use that miniature screen to share such a profound vision.

Great lecture! I am still reading Emperors new mind.

one idea about "infinity" . It's not infinite if it has a starting point as in observing the physical universe through a telescope and seeing no apparent limit or end.

What date and where is this talk?

The problem lies in the nature of Time as a physical, material attribute and therefore what Reality, in itself, means

What a genius, to put it mildly.

Well spoken man..

“........you can understand this by looking at the picture and thinking a lot about it........” We’ll try sir, we will try.

this makes a lot of sense, much more sense than a big bang

Penrose is a brilliant guy with a great way of communicating, clearly on a path to answer the ultimate question. The nature of the universe beginning (or however it came to be) and...whatever the heck is happening after that in this sheet of space-time. Presenting to what appears to be an audience that wandered in for a low budget planetarium at a town fair. Mommy where's the stars?? I want to see Neptune! It looks rather uncomfortable in there, especially Sly Stallone. Penrose has produced some "very technical" fascinating work on physics and consciousness worth investigating as well. Awesome.

since one of the arguments for dark matter is that its needed to provide the initial variation after the big bang, who else thinks the rest of his slides are about how these previous universe fluctuations might be dark matter?

I miss the jumbled mess of transparencies

Does the Black holes or formers stars on bygone Eon have a names? I suggest two names Penrose and Roger . But then again the black holes seen there are not from invidual stars but homongous black holes bigger? than anything now or are they shrunk to ..what size ?

I surprised at how much I agree with this. I had the cones together so they were square.

If all matter and black holes decay, we are left with photons. For photons, there is no time. So at that point, space-like and time-like intervals could potentially swap. The entire universe could potentially collapse into a Schwarzschild black hole. In my opinion, such a non rotating black hole can only be made of the entire universe due to its symmetry, that's why you may have only one in the universe. At the event horizon of a black hole, time-like and space-like intervals swap. This leads to a pure singularity unless you still have a residual asymmetry (maybe both space and time intervals have a bottom limit which is not null). This would potentially cause a big bang. But no circles in the CMB are to be observed...

Is that 32 inch screen? That's a argument killer.

Electrons, like atoms, and black holes, and the universe as a whole, are horn toroidal fluid vortices (hence "point-particles") in/of the single, scale-uniform 'super-fluid' medium (I call it the SUM, a.k.a. "space-time") whose self-relative motion (a.k.a. "acceleration"; "momentum"; "push") as vortices and waves, comprises the evolving (hence "time") structure of the universe and all of its content "physical objects". Therefore we can say that the "material universe" is 'pure motion' (primarily point-radial in trajectory). The Einsteinian "time dilation/ length contraction" principle applies to the SUM itself, meaning that its self-relative motion ("acceleration" as 'motion relative to itself') is the mechanism by which the otherwise absolutely homogenous SUM 'self-differentiates' into the structural diversity of the observable universe, including our own bodies. Also, therefore, not only do massive objects "curve spacetime", massive objects ARE "curved spacetime". The inflow of the SUM equals the point-radial outflow "expansion" of the SUM compression wavefront that is the surface of the mass-object (e.g. the Earth). Ergo the "gravitational (and smaller scale) field(s)". Since SUM fluid vortices, and every complex manifold thereof, including ourselves, constitute 'I/O devices' (inflow/outflow; input/output; positive/negative; "yin/yang"; etc.), we can say that the physical universe is comprised by an otherwise, absolutely continuous SUM "simulating" (by means of its self-differentiating, self-relative motion) a "discrete particle" - based "material universe" as "a universal self-organizing network of distributed I/O devices" which are manifested in terms of their inter-communication by means of the specific sequence of SUM 'vibrational acceleration waves' traveling at the "constant, finite, but asymptotic limit for all mass-objects" speed of light which they emit and absorb. We "human beings" are momentum routers ("pushers" of "things") in that network. In order for there to be a "push", there must be a "something else" to "push against". "Yin/Yang". Consider that every "sensation" - i.e. that you are "conscious" of - is comprised of a "push" (or vibrational series of "pushes") at some scale, at some amplitude, in some 'direction', as a "transfer of momentum"; a displacement of a mass object from its otherwise geodesic path. So the "material universe" is apparently a self-configuring momentum-routing circuit /network. "Consciousness" is 'a self-configuring momentum waveform' in/of the SUM. P.S. "Dark matter" is the SUM itself concentrated around its "material" vortices, and "dark energy" is its larger-scale flow. @ @/@ They are being carried along by the outwardly expanding flow of the SUM (scale-uniform medium) itself from its horn toroidal fluid vortexual architecture "output". They are not, themselves "accelerating" (undergoing "proper acceleration") by means of an 'on-board' power supply. Thus, in this case, they are not moving "through space over time", they are moving "with space over time". Light waves are the universal 'CPU clock ticks' of 'time'. They make up the 'Cartesian coordinate system' of the 'space-time epic' in which we are taking place. ... Call the Y axis "time", and the X axis "space". Let your eye be at 0 looking in the positive Y direction, and let any other detector be placed anywhere else along the X axis. The photon (or physical increment of "time") is propagating toward your eye, or other detector, as a spread-out 'shock wave' front, and collapsing point radially toward its detector, only being "detected" when the momentum (acceleration) pulse it is transferring through the SUM (scale-uniform medium, or "space-time") literally from its horn toroidal 'point' of origin is transferred to its corresponding destination point of detection. The universe might be described as a 'self-calculating quantum computer'. Let's discuss: @emediuminmotion/discussion

No beginning no end only change

A bit off topic but concerning the quantum physics of black holes (to include the beginning of the universe as we know it), why are black holes not considered as a collapsed neutron star that has unfolded a multi-dimensional area of space to a singularly-dimensional area of space? As the three+ dimensional collapses it unfolds to a two dimensional space (the black hole as a 2-dimensional sphere) to a singularly-dimensional are of space (the singularity as a 1-dimensional sphere). Why is this not talked about more and why aren’t we talking about the inverse of unfolding multi-dimensional space (folding an area of space)? Your thoughts?

there are time frames and strings are what binds the time frames together. x = R*cosA R = xy y = R*sineA x = xy*cosA y = 1/cosA x = 1/sineA z = R = xy xyz = (1/sineA)^2 * (1/cosA)^2 Velocity. V = c(xyz) String. f = 1/2L * Sqrt(Tension / string density) f = 1/2L * xyz*c E = hf First string vibration. f = 6.4*10^8Hz M = 4.44*10^-42kg

When we pass we are gone for all of time. Billions of years go by until ultimately the next big bang. We return again when everything,including us, is reconstituted. Our future will be our past.

Roger Penrose always reminds me of Carl Friedrich Gauss. They resemble each other physically but also in the topics they studied.

Love this guy

I think we often forget that the big bang theory is only a theory. It‘s refreshing to hear what other smart people have to say about it. I wish we would hear something like this more often instead of just sticking with only one theory.

Roger is really an excellent genius and the NobelPrize for his work was overdue 👍🏾🌏 Black Macro- and Micro- Holes are as well as Big- Bangs SINGULARITIES: Already defined by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916 mathematically and as a physical reality as well. Within the CENTER of Black- Holes are SINGULARITIES as we now since 1916. And we 'suppose', that there was ONE Big- Bang out of a SINGULARITY, where Time and Space were created 14 Billion Years ago. Roger Penrose is really a great Genius and his recent awarding with the Nobel Prize was overdue. HE is able to separate between the 'Beauty' of the Imagination of 'deep' Mathematics and the Existance of 'deep' Physical 'Reality'.... Respect ! And he concedes, that INFINITY exists within Mathematics - which is the most beautiful type of Philosophy - as well as in Physical REALITY. This gives me hope, that my Theory of an INFINITE Universe, which I call the INFINIVERSE really exists: ''Our INFINIVERSE is an INFINITE OVERALLPROCESS of an infinite simultaneous VARIATION of infinite many SINGULARITIES like Big- Bangs and like Black- Holes within an INFINITE CHAOTIC STRUCTURE of an INFINITE DIMENSIONAL MATRIX .'' Hard to understand, but that's our Physical Reality. I'm BertTheAce and I'm sure Roger Penrose can understand, what I mean. And this NEW Standard Model of Physics finally solves the inconsistency of 'Dark Matter' and 'Dark Energy' within the classical Standard Model of Physics. I did propose my INFINIVERSE- Theory to the scientific Springer magazine 'Nature' some months ago and may be it will be published soon.

Clocks that beats once per eon- maybe you don´t need to wait them to break...

Fascinating and provocative! Also, I've always loved his - diagrams is too clinical a term; visualizations, of what he's describing. You can find them in his books,too, unfortunately not in color. So according to this model, it's not turtles all the way down (and up), but conformal transformations! Much easier on the turtles.

Everything that can happen, will happen, will continue to happen, forever.

I have been a fan of Sir Roger, from the time I was introduced to his connecting shapes. I never supported string theory or the big bang or dark matter. I like his train of thought here, but would substitute a torus a representational model.

Reminds me of Georg Cantor's infinite sets...

One can hear the universe put-putting across eternity like a cosmic motor boat.

Man I wish I wasn't dumb

2:54 I think this largely has to do with the fact that we can conceptualize gravitational waves as 4th dimensional. When we have a 2-dimensional plane of length and width, like a rigid sheet, influencing that plane with gravitational force, say by dropping a baseball on it, would allow for depth to occur. Gravitational waves on a 3-dimensional plane could send influence to the dimension above by the same principle. We may just be seeing 3-dimensional slivers of those 4-dimensional waves from black hole formations and collisions from other aeons, portions that are effectively "in frequency" with the 3 dimensional plane at that particular moment in time.

I was a biochem student at Oxford living with my maths friend in our rooms in the 90's. We were both interested in theories of the universe and I knew about Penrose. He was giving a lecture at the maths department way out of both of our leagues. But we decided to go. I sat in the front row. Roger had to write some text on the chalkboard - saying something like "Riemann sphere". It was illegible. He was struggling to write the simplest words. Then he needed to draw the 4 dimensional projection of an 8 dimensional complex space on a 2D blackboard - it was a work of art. The entire experience blew my mind and I have forever fascinated and studying all his work. I wish I could just drop him an email to say how he changed my life. Amazing, amazing man. He is a hero to me.

Finally getting to the point where I’ll actually listen. I always figured that big bang stuff was a load of hooey. I see no beginning or end.

My theory is the first singularity was forced through first black hole to expand and then reach ultimum expansion which then recedes back into a singularity to be forced out of the black hole at the center to become the next universe .thus a perpetual universe.

A cyclical Universe. Vedas metioned this thousands of years ago, in India.

I can calculate Hawking point In A Road Where in Breakeven Point Cracks line Due to Positive pressure of Gravitational force

Fun to think about, where's the observational evidence?

Mind blowing, indeed. I've heard of it before now I got the chance to see it. But... if someone one could answer me. How about black energy, the apparent expansion and the fate of matter becoming photons, without counting for that black energy that we cannot describe yet?

Awareness is known by awareness alone...

" Hi dear, what was the lecture like ? " " Well I'm not entirely sure. It was something about Angels and devils......Cones......Ten numbers......a CMB Power Spectrum.....oscillating balloons and fake skys " " Oh ....that's nice.....was it about Harry Potter ? " I think Roger Penrose is a very intelligent guy but almost presents it as though we're all scientists. Some people don't know the first thing about cosmology. He also needs a bigger screen.

This makes much more sense to me than the multiverse-inflation theory.

Cannot see the pictures on his screen.

I can not seen the slight, why 😢😢😢

The idea of the the universe being perpetual could be part of our problem understanding the whole issue. What if their is no beginning or ending to the universe? The Universe just transitions between stages? If we do detect evidence of supermassive black hold decay from before the so-called Big Bang then how are we going to explain it? Interesting physics.

CCC, e-Pi-i sync-duration, reciprocation-recirculation i-reflection reference-framing, containment positioning by temporal Superposition-point logic, log-antilog interference->probability, wave-particle positioning-location condensation, and so on, projection-drawing log-antilog 2-ness in 3-ness perspectives etc.., are all aspect-version POV of holographic prime-cofactor frequency-amplitude density-intensity alignment, in WYSIWYG quantization => Math-Phys-Chem and Geometry.., ie this Universe. Many points to argue with, not against, Professor Penrose.

I FULLY SUPPORT CONFORMAL CYCLIC COSMOLOGY!❤

Are we certain clocks don’t keep a universal time? Unedited are clocks not a measure of position?

On that thing about E=hf=mc^2, since light has frequency and will exist in the distant future, doesn't that count as a scale of time?

Infinite cyclical time periods consisting of a Big Bang and a Big Crunch without any beginning or end is a well known concept from the Vedas. One such cycle is known as Brahmas Day / Night each consisting of 4.32 billion earth years. Very interesting that Penrose is coming to similar conclusions.

Is CCC different from a casual loop? Because an actual infinite that is past eternal is subject to the Grim Messenger paradox which is basically a philosophical argument against casual infinitism. Therefore, Im asking for more clarity on the meaning of cyclical in this hypothesis? Anyone care to explain.

Whats with the small screen

Wish camera would zoom to his drawings

Can someone please help me understand 1. Looking for evidence that the universe has been here before 2. Cosmic background radiation is a sign 3. They needed to do tests to show confidence ( for what? Lost here) 4. Final note of the results, what was the 99% confidence showing ? Thanks!

Why couldn't he just stop when he said Black holes (solids) contract everything back together again (and the big bang starts again)?

Non scientific observation: great to see Sly Stallone attending at 0:09

A model of science is relating it to comedian’s in their time. They are right at the time but totally wrong. A lot of respect.

Cyclic Conformity. No Multiverse infinity! Very Enlightening!🎈

I like the block universe theory better although both are fascinating.

woman, man, tv, dog - I mean, how can Roger ever compete with that! That takes a stable genius! Seriously, Roger Penrose is absolutely brilliant!