In 1998, two teams of scientists measured the universe's rate of expansion, expecting to find the gravity of the Cosmic Web bringing the universe into a collapse. But instead, they found that the universe's expansion appears to be accelerating- having expanded more in the latter half of its life.
Both teams agreed upon the existence of a new type of energy field, known as Dark Energy, to drive this acceleration, and in doing so, they revived one of Einstein's long-rebuked ideas- the Cosmological Constant.
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FOOTAGE:
The space scenes in this video were captured using SpaceEngine Pro, a virtual universe simulator:
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Real-life images of space and some scientific visualisations are public domain content provided by NASA and the ESA.
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- ESA: www.esa.int
Multiple graphic sequences were provided by Vecteezy.com
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SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
Defining Dark Energy & some Theories on its Nature: astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/...
What Do We Really Know about Dark Energy? arxiv.org/pdf/1103.5331.pdf
1998 Paper by High Z Supernova Search Team Invoking the Cosmological Constant: arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9805201
Have Dark Forces Been Messing with the Cosmos? www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/sc...
Concordance Cosmology & Lambda-CDM: phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelv...
BAOs and Standard Rulers: arxiv.org/abs/0801.0642
Misconceptions About the Big Bang: web.archive.org/web/201107192...
Cosmological Constant & its Problems: hosting.astro.cornell.edu/acad...
Quintessence / K-Essence: arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0006373
Phantom Energy & the Big Rip: arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0302506
CHAPTERS:
0:00 Introduction
2:27 Accelerating Expansion
5:09 Einstein's Greatest Blunder
8:26 How Space Expands
12:11 Redshift & Standard Candles
17:03 Type 1a Supernova Searching
19:25 Λ-CDM
22:08 Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations
26:27 Future Missions to Study Dark Energy
28:46 Vacuum Fluctuations
32:29 Quintessence
34:43 Phantom Energy
37:17 The Big Rip
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Cosmological Constant