The Engineering Puzzle of Storing Trillions of Bits in your Smartphone / SSD using Quantum Mechanics

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Branch Education

Branch Education

День тому

It's a puzzle as to how your smartphone or the solid-state drive in your laptop can store gigabytes to terabytes of data by the click of a button! It's amazing that your devices work flawlessly, and the information doesn't leak out. In this video, we'll learn how scientists and engineers use quantum mechanics to store this information reliably. We'll take a look on the inside of the 3D NAND technology, and see an application of quantum mechanics- specifically quantum tunneling.
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0:35 - Where is the storage microchip in your Smartphone?
1:12 - Inside the memory storage microchip.
2:08 - Exploring the walls of the charge trap.
3:00 - Writing information to a memory cell.
3:48 - How Quantum Mechanics is applied to writing to a memory cell.
5:30 - Dimensions of a memory cell.
6:24 - Memory cells DO lose their data... over time.
6:49 - Wrapping up
Written, animated, and edited- Teddy Tablante
Twitter: @teddytablante
Voice Over- Phil Lee
This video is part of a series that intends to thoroughly explain how SSDs, and more specifically how VNAND works. These are the episodes in the series:
1) [18min] Overview on how SSDs / VNAND / Smartphone storage works.
2) [3min] Quick/Abridged episode of the overview
3) [7.5min] Writing to a memory cell using Quantum Mechanics
4) Reading from a charge trap flash memory cell.
5) How strings of memory cells work (details on a stack of memory cells)
6) How a massive array of memory cells are organized. (Terabit Cell Array Transistor, TCAT)
7) SSD Architecture
8) How is VNAND manufactured?
Key Branches from this video are: Microchips, CPUs, Integrated Circuits, SSDs
Erratum:
Animation built using Blender 2.82a www.blender.org/
Post with Adobe Premiere Pro
Book References:
Aritome, Seiichi. (2015). NAND flash memory technologies. IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems. Wiley. [2nd most useful resource]
Cai, Yu et al. (2013) Threshold Voltage Distribution in MLC NAND Flash Memory: Characterization Analysis, and Modeling. 2013 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition. IEEE.
Micheloni, Rino. Marelli, Alessia. Eshghi, Kam. (2018) Inside solid state drives (SSDs) Second edition. Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics Volume 37. Springer. [Most useful resource]
Micheloni, Rino. (2017) Solid-state-drives (SSDs) Modeling, Simulation tools & strategies. Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics Volume 58. Springer
Micheloni, Rino (2016) 3D flash memories. Springer.
Pierret, Robert F. (1996) Semiconductor Device Fundamentals. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Prince, Betty. (2014) Vertical 3D Memory Technologies. Wiley
Internet References:
Crisp, Simon. (29/01/2018) Samsung SSD860 PRO 4TB SSD Review. Kitguru.net
www.kitguru.net/components/ss... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
Mellor, Chris. (28/07/2016) QLC flash istricky stuff to make and use, so here's a primer. TheRegister.co.uk
www.theregister.co.uk/2016/07... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
Samsung Website. Samsung 1TB Details and Specifications www.samsung.com
www.samsung.com/us/computing/... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
Shah, Dhiram. (27/02/2019) Samsung Begins Mass Production of Frist 512 GB eUFS3.0 for Next-Generation Mobile Devices. Fareastgizmos.com
fareastgizmos.com/smartphone/... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
Wikipedia contributors. "Charge Trap Flash." "Flash Memory." "Floating-gate Mosfet." "Samsung Electronics." "Solid-State drive." "Solid-state storage." "Three-dimensional integrated circuit." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited May, 2020
Yoon, Alex. (15/02/2018) Understanding Memory, An inside look at different memory types and how they work. Semiengineering.com
semiengineering.com/whats-rea... (Accessed 07/05/2020)
#SSD #VNAND #Quantum

КОМЕНТАРІ: 1 300
@LeonardPutra
@LeonardPutra 3 роки тому
So this means that flash memory might probably be the most used "quantum mechanics" device in the world?
@eddw123
@eddw123 3 роки тому
Leonard Putra ,, 🤪dude even “quantum mechanics” and “quantum physics” and “quantum chemistry” and “quantum dimensions” are working in your body and also in everything that you can see and you can not see in this universe and also in the others universes around ours🤫....believe it or not!!! the quantum world is just the tip of the iceberg🤣🤣🤣
@subhamdhar683
@subhamdhar683 3 роки тому
@@eddw123 no it's a molecule of the iceberg
@cleitonoliveira932
@cleitonoliveira932 3 роки тому
Actually the most used is chlorophyll. It's a device not different from this, with the difference that we don't know yet how to build it for ourselves.
@titter3648
@titter3648 3 роки тому
Probably...
@cinocefalo284
@cinocefalo284 3 роки тому
it is a possibility... or not... at the same time... you know, quantics.
@diegoG21
@diegoG21 3 роки тому
Amazing job, accurate explanation, stunning animation, simply amazing job.
@rezonite
@rezonite 3 роки тому
Agreed my friend. My mind is over blown beyond repair. Jk.
@TheLtVoss
@TheLtVoss 3 роки тому
And it also give the explanation why 8nm transistors a the smallest possible to build transistors if we build them smaller the quantum tunneling would "break" them and they wouldn't change the state
@martint1775
@martint1775 3 роки тому
I approve this
@muhammadfazlurrahman4929
@muhammadfazlurrahman4929 3 роки тому
I'm still confused why people still identify the future with flying cars. And now I really wonder how the engineer make this thing ???
@ob1keno227
@ob1keno227 3 роки тому
👏👏👏👏👏👏 you are 100% right!
@sukhoy
@sukhoy 3 роки тому
Lithography
@eggyrepublic
@eggyrepublic 3 роки тому
yeah, this is much more impressive than flying cars. Also, we have flying cars. They're called helicopters.
@yoppindia
@yoppindia 3 роки тому
Flying cars are for billionaires, ordinary mortals happy with smartphones
@Vysair
@Vysair 3 роки тому
@@eggyrepublic there is an actual vtol car but it's impractical
@stevetobias4890
@stevetobias4890 3 роки тому
Amazing that these quantum equations were developed in 1920. That's 100 years ago, also almost 50 years before computers. Amazing video
@Safwan.Hossain
@Safwan.Hossain 3 роки тому
shows how research that might not seem "useful" could potentially be do in the future. and we have to thank those people who do the research out of PURE PASSION for the subjects
@omjagdeesh8731
@omjagdeesh8731 3 роки тому
@@Safwan.Hossain yes exactly
@captainskeleton3994
@captainskeleton3994 3 роки тому
Also, just to make it more interesting, we do not yet understand Quantum Mechanics entirely.
@graphenepixel8231
@graphenepixel8231 3 роки тому
People call Charles Babbage the father of computers. From the 19th century.
@kuro758
@kuro758 3 роки тому
@@Safwan.Hossain Exactly. It is so annoying when people are like 'that money could've been used somewhere else' or 'they should rather work on curing cancer' blah blah. As if that's how simple research is! It works in very unexpected ways over time..
@radicalradman4207
@radicalradman4207 3 роки тому
This is the most interesting thing I have ever learned.
@trentonpaul6376
@trentonpaul6376 3 роки тому
You should be an electrical engineer
@mequavis
@mequavis 3 роки тому
Dude. The way he explained tunneling between the gate and electron channel. That's some straight up spooky physics. Such a good visual was done here. I already knew how it worked but seeing it explained. I'm pretty sure this is a simulation now. Lol
@rodolpherizzo5637
@rodolpherizzo5637 3 роки тому
I am actually exited again to become a eletrical engineer
@fedipoiana
@fedipoiana 3 роки тому
If you found this so fascinating that you would like to study this, consider doing physics at University
@rudra635
@rudra635 3 роки тому
S
@abhinav3478
@abhinav3478 3 роки тому
When you know The "quantum effect" the thing that is even hard to believe is already been implemented by scientists and part of everyone's day to day life
@prabusentertainmentvlog6152
@prabusentertainmentvlog6152 3 роки тому
We have to thank scientist. They are not a scientist, they are GOD
@shis10
@shis10 3 роки тому
True
@kernelist1
@kernelist1 3 роки тому
and marketing departement love to make it as a selling point
@muhammadfazlurrahman4929
@muhammadfazlurrahman4929 3 роки тому
I guess alien has already invade earth
@AA-po3hn
@AA-po3hn 3 роки тому
@@prabusentertainmentvlog6152 they are very smart scientists, not God
@kumarrahul4791
@kumarrahul4791 3 роки тому
It's hard to imagine the effort that went into making this video. It's beautiful. You guys are amazing
@DrsJacksonn
@DrsJacksonn 3 роки тому
You'd forget how miraculously advanced technology is that most people walk around with in their pockets.
@10highsky
@10highsky 3 роки тому
If this is miraculous what about the environment around us that's been around for ages and is highly more complex
@DrsJacksonn
@DrsJacksonn 3 роки тому
@@10highsky Yeah but we developed this stuff in mere decades and nature took several millions of years to get certain stuff done. That's like finishing college in a century.
@10highsky
@10highsky 3 роки тому
@@DrsJacksonn you're saying this is the same as nature ? the mechanics in natural organisms are extremely more complex especially depending on organism to organism but regardless even if you talk about something simple as an egg or plant which grows in a short matter of time is still vastly incredible and complex which we still forget about just as easily
@DrsJacksonn
@DrsJacksonn 3 роки тому
@@10highsky But eggs are stupid doe
@10highsky
@10highsky 3 роки тому
@@DrsJacksonn fair point
@alessiotornese7480
@alessiotornese7480 3 роки тому
I’m an engineer, I’ve already studied all these things in the master and I have two comments: 1. Having these videos available at that time would have been great, I spent a lot of mental effort understanding such deep concepts, and here I see them so well (maybe also because I already know them); 2. Love the passion that is behind the creators of these video, you give a small bite of the toughness of engineering to everyone. Thank you for everything! Please continue.
@PikaPetey
@PikaPetey 3 роки тому
So much engineering so I can use a primitive impulse to watch lewds
@HerezCheez
@HerezCheez 3 роки тому
You are everywhere
@nosleepjones4551
@nosleepjones4551 3 роки тому
Yeah pretty much
@amanawolf9166
@amanawolf9166 3 роки тому
Holy crap, here I thought you disappeared.
@mustached_villain6354
@mustached_villain6354 3 роки тому
By "watch lewds" do you mean "draw Pikachu slapping his own ass"?
@heizenathecaracal1571
@heizenathecaracal1571 3 роки тому
mood
@WarpedPerception
@WarpedPerception 3 роки тому
Amazing!! Awesome illustrations and mind boggling to imagine that we humans created this .
@freemasonry666
@freemasonry666 6 місяців тому
No. Machine create this
@Abraham-lx8tc
@Abraham-lx8tc 6 місяців тому
@@freemasonry666 no humans did
@KrishDaEpik
@KrishDaEpik 4 місяці тому
@@Abraham-lx8tchumans made the machines and the machines created this. so basically, your right but technically your not right
@abbottabbott1120
@abbottabbott1120 3 роки тому
It's just incredible how well written and animated these series are. I can hardly believe it. Thank you so much!
@biok2006
@biok2006 3 роки тому
and usually we complains when we make a photo in hd with hdr activated and filters ... and it takes 100 milliseconds to show it to you on your oled screen, which has another process as complex as this one.🤯
@onurerol7687
@onurerol7687 3 роки тому
there is one more important thing we should learn. How do they manufacture these nm scale structures ?
@evil1knight
@evil1knight 3 роки тому
Lasers that are focused with a lens, like a high tech magnifying glass you hold out in the sun light, or at least that’s how silicone chips are made
@matsv201
@matsv201 3 роки тому
@@evil1knight well.. extreem UV lamps
@TheLtVoss
@TheLtVoss 3 роки тому
Well at first they take a waver and get a silicone layer over the oxid(dielectric) layer than they put on a layer of Nitrat and one of uv activeted paint afterwards they shine uv light though a mask in a projector (here they get it small) now cleaning and etch away that isn't covert be activated paint down to the oxide and cover it with heat it so a the gate oxide can Form out of the silicone and add new oxide than they polish till they reach the nitrate and again etching away but at first the nitrate than they set the hight of the on top laying oxide with more etching after that they put on paint and activating it on wanted parts and clean it than doting the silicon with p ions than clean the paint new paint and again uv light cleaning and doting but with boron inons cleaning heating for gateoxide putting on a layer of polysilicon than paint uv light and etching adding nitrate etching than oxide paint doting drain and source after that more layering of oxide and nitrate(with sertan conditions) and aching to the darin and source to add a small layer titan Nitrat to secure the doting after that adding tungsten on top polishit down so only the etched holes are filled with tungsten and than they start to put on oxide paint uv light titan nitrate and then they add copper and again and again up to 10 layers with copper
@quantumpolariton122
@quantumpolariton122 3 роки тому
For any structure that is less than the wavelength of light (e.g uv light is 300 nm), u need to use something called electron beam lithography ( use electrons instead of light due to their even smaller wavelength). This is implemented routinely in labs everywhere.
@TheLtVoss
@TheLtVoss 3 роки тому
@@quantumpolariton122 nice addition
@challengesawake7788
@challengesawake7788 3 роки тому
It kinda sucks how there are so many great people out there with genius minds that nobody will remember ever
@oddzzyy5649
@oddzzyy5649 3 роки тому
like me
@andrewonuh317
@andrewonuh317 3 роки тому
@@oddzzyy5649 what makes you a genius??
@hughmungus4744
@hughmungus4744 3 роки тому
Andrew Onuh he won’t respond you know
@oddzzyy5649
@oddzzyy5649 3 роки тому
@@andrewonuh317 because yes
@andrewonuh317
@andrewonuh317 3 роки тому
@@oddzzyy5649 😂😂
@youraveragesadist8308
@youraveragesadist8308 2 роки тому
I really want to thank you! I am currently writing a seminar work for school, chose Hard Drives and Solid state drives as my topic and wanted to have my main emphasis on quantum tunneling and the precise way flash drives work. Your videos really are explained in an amazing way! It's easy to understand, and shown in great detail. Helped me out a lot!
@kyotorii
@kyotorii 3 роки тому
Man that piece of paper is T H I C C
@minseokjeong1881
@minseokjeong1881 3 роки тому
It's vivid visible electric lecture i've ever seen. ITS SO AWEEEEESOME THAT EXPLAIN COMPLEX THING IN IMAGE AND VIDEO!
@RockOfGreece
@RockOfGreece 3 роки тому
I am in complete awe. So many years studying physics and it didn't bother them explaining me one everyday usage of quantum mechanics. Amazing! That thin barrier acts on the thin line of the quantum and macroscopic world. Just the right width; a little less and its a cloud of propability, a little more and it's a concrete wall. Amazing stuff!
@rjhornsby
@rjhornsby 3 роки тому
the animation does an excellent job of illustrating an insanely complex, crazy math+physics heavy topic at a level where even I can understand it.
@santiagomendez567
@santiagomendez567 3 роки тому
Who would imagine that it actually works in that way 🤯 mind blowing for me
@thelegendofme7520
@thelegendofme7520 3 роки тому
All that work, and just so I can play candy crush and watch tik tok for 8 hours a day....... I need to rethink some things
@MuscarV2
@MuscarV2 3 роки тому
No, it's not just so you can do those things. Those are options available via that, highly dumb ones, but it's not made for those. You're an idiot.
@dislikebot
@dislikebot 3 роки тому
Ok normie.
@jpsalova
@jpsalova 3 роки тому
To be clear, the same tech is used in productive computing and all sorts of storage. They just talk about smartphones to attract the attention of a broad consumer audience.
@kirolloshalim5417
@kirolloshalim5417 3 роки тому
Well you're the one using it this way, there are other options
@_dajo
@_dajo 3 роки тому
kirollos halim millions use it this way, tiktok anyways
@neil2153
@neil2153 3 роки тому
Subbed, I took some time to understand even with the spoon feeding graphics but the fact that the audio and subtitles were glancing over different linked information is amazing. Very detailed videos.
@axellisenstain9970
@axellisenstain9970 3 роки тому
I clicked this not expecting much when it showed on my recommendations but I was hanging onto every word until the end. Kudos!
@dylanculfogienis8853
@dylanculfogienis8853 3 роки тому
I learned about this stuff during my Sophomore year, it's so cool to see someone making videos explaining it to a broader audience. Keep up the awesome work!
@davecool42
@davecool42 3 роки тому
“And that’s it!” Is the best ending to a science video I’ve ever heard.
@stanislavsynytsia6592
@stanislavsynytsia6592 3 роки тому
In my speech class they taught us that this is a bad way too end one's speech. Could've been better if the speaker just summarized quickly what they talked about and restated their main point of presentation.
@nefm
@nefm 3 роки тому
@@stanislavsynytsia6592 good thing we're not in speech class then
@xheres_the_t
@xheres_the_t Місяць тому
​@@nefm😂
@ksyferschannel6552
@ksyferschannel6552 Рік тому
I work on embedded systems which use these memories..but I have never understood these complicated construction until i came across this awesome video with fantastic explanation and animation.. thanks to the creators
@senseimilli
@senseimilli 3 роки тому
Yeah I'm stunned by the amount of information packed within this video, almost parallel to what you're talking about, a bunch of things combined and put well together to present what our reality is. Nicely done.
@BW-fh9ij
@BW-fh9ij 3 роки тому
This is just mind blowing. Didn't knew my phone was so amazing and used fcking QUANTUM MECHANICS !
@samadhistate9637
@samadhistate9637 3 роки тому
What an awesome educational video, and the narrator's voice is sublime. Scientists and engineers are the real stars in life, not sports people and actors. They have given us so much and with such little recognition.
@tabitha8232
@tabitha8232 3 роки тому
I cannot express how much I love they way you’ve visualized this concept! I learned so much of comp sci through text that was almost entirely abstract, seeing it here visualized is so so so so helpful!
@OscarHanzely
@OscarHanzely 3 роки тому
I am amazed by the detail of explanation and animation perfection in these videos. I saw two videos and instantly subscribed. This content is easier to understand information than universities provide on such topic.
@Kenjieeee
@Kenjieeee 3 роки тому
These Animations are just incredible good. Thank you
@coolmood2133
@coolmood2133 3 роки тому
This really blow my mind 🤯🤩 Now i understand how the same dimensions of a memory card can be variable in different capacities Thanks for your efforts You make understanding nanotechnology so easy Great job 👍👌
@danielpapukchiev3754
@danielpapukchiev3754 2 роки тому
WOW.... JUST WOW. I could totally understand how some people might call this magic. The complexity and layering of the systems is astounding, and that only makes me more curious to figure out how everything is connected. This channel gives me that clarity to see things better, to connect the dots and see things into perspective. Amazing work!
@rayer2641
@rayer2641 3 роки тому
Amazing visual. I really get the general idea and the clarity of the exposition is brilliant!
@Vitaliuz
@Vitaliuz 3 роки тому
*"If you can't explain it to a six year old, you don't understand it yourself."* - Albert Einstein
@mardy3732
@mardy3732 3 роки тому
I'd love to see Einstein explaining special relativity to a six year old.
@Studio-df7ge
@Studio-df7ge 3 роки тому
He was an old man, didn't he?
@Rishi-ql8jj
@Rishi-ql8jj 3 роки тому
@@mardy3732 🤣🤣
@csibesz07
@csibesz07 3 роки тому
@@mardy3732 well he could explain, but the child wouldn't be able to explain it to other six year old. :D
@salvadormorena1020
@salvadormorena1020 3 роки тому
@@mardy3732 use visual aid
@0042090
@0042090 3 роки тому
This video looks like it was made in the 90's, yet explaining something from the far future
@matsv201
@matsv201 3 роки тому
The 00... when discovery channel and MTV was cought in a downward spiral comparing with relityshows.
@Fr0stBite5055
@Fr0stBite5055 3 роки тому
You try to render so many complicated 3D objects as a UKpostsr. Ex: Cinema 4D I'm sure movie studios can handle rendering things like that but I doubt this account would have the budget for something like that.
@SirPlotsalot
@SirPlotsalot 3 роки тому
@@Fr0stBite5055 nah you can render something of this detail dead easy with tech from 10 to 15 years ago - the real accomplishment is that it's still an amazing video regardless
@mcbrianmiller1264
@mcbrianmiller1264 3 роки тому
Education is in UKposts videos lies this and not in class rooms. This is very impressive.
@thokling361
@thokling361 3 роки тому
This is one of the most well designed videos on UKposts. Straightforward explanations, complete with references in the description.
@user-uw1wq9rj8g
@user-uw1wq9rj8g 3 роки тому
This is amazing how the engineers could pack such an incredible technologies for extremely low price.
@sumitarya8817
@sumitarya8817 3 роки тому
Capitalism
@sumitarya8817
@sumitarya8817 3 роки тому
Capitalism
@random_things7u
@random_things7u Рік тому
Yup bro 👍
@shoudehuang1244
@shoudehuang1244 3 роки тому
you know, 8 hours of work at minium wage anyone can have technology this high quality is amazing, in the past people worked for longer than now for common items such as clothing.
@wmjwell
@wmjwell 3 роки тому
Wow!!!!! I have been in computer sciences since 1972 as a programmer. Being retired for 12 years, this is absolutely amazing! Never would I expect this form of mass storage.
@sahilsonar5207
@sahilsonar5207 3 роки тому
No one ever explained the Tunneling effect so accurately....Hattsoff Thankyou
@Ren-kei
@Ren-kei 3 роки тому
Good explanation most people take human innovation for granted.
@YazanWael
@YazanWael 3 роки тому
This was puzzling me after watching your first video. Thanks for covering this part. Problem is now I'm intrigued to know how these super small structures are manufactured
@tylerdurden3722
@tylerdurden3722 3 роки тому
Lol...with stencils, a UV light and resin. Basically, it's the same process as etching designs on a piece of metal, with a stencil, resin, a UV light, and acid. Except, in this case an extremely detailed and expensive stencil, called a mask, is used.
@matsv201
@matsv201 3 роки тому
It's actually a fairly old process. This was introduced in 2013
@That_Awesome_Guy1
@That_Awesome_Guy1 2 роки тому
@@matsv201 I wouldn't call something from 2013 old lol. That was only 9 years ago.
@mubtasim91
@mubtasim91 3 роки тому
Normally I'm not that kind of fan of any youtube channel. But after watching this video, I can tell you that I'll never unsubscribe this one. Thank you so much
@looqmann1
@looqmann1 3 роки тому
I really love the way the narrator speaks and everything looks so easy to understand and the sound is very soothing.
@NymPLUS
@NymPLUS 3 роки тому
they would be disappointed when they found out im using these amazing technology to store overwatch lewd pictures
@harshavardhanpv7099
@harshavardhanpv7099 3 роки тому
My professor: Probability of electron out of the box isn't zero Me: That's why I hate quantum physics Me watching this video: 😶
@elainekuehn5648
@elainekuehn5648 3 роки тому
I think this is the best video yet from Branch Education! Really complex information conveyed so that it makes sense although the scale is a little daunting - I have seen a clean room and a chip when they weren't this sophisticated inside. And I like the practical advice about the longer term storage of items!
@degenetron7590
@degenetron7590 3 роки тому
This makes me appreciate technoligy so much. What we use everyday and always take for granted has such complicated engineering to it
@jawolllinger
@jawolllinger 3 роки тому
This video is amazingly well made! Back in school I would have loved to have educational materials like the videos on this channel.
@BranchEducation
@BranchEducation 3 роки тому
Glad you enjoyed it!
@shemeleke1438
@shemeleke1438 3 роки тому
To whoever invented these technology.I can't thank you enough foryour contribution.Enabling me to save quite a collection of hd porn.
@nafiu
@nafiu 3 роки тому
Lol😂😂😂 I'm dead 🥴
@technautics
@technautics 3 роки тому
With the paper references and other online reference, this tutorial just seems like a well explained research paper, leaving clues for viewer to further explore and dive into the concepts!!
@kiliank8210
@kiliank8210 3 роки тому
I just discovered this channel and it's awesome! The level of detail combined with the beautiful animations is really something. One note on this video though: When you said that the memory cells have a limited number of write cycles, I really hoped for an explanation for why this is the case. That's the only thing I could think would improve the video even more.
@sharishth
@sharishth 3 роки тому
This makes me feel, humans have come a long way.😌
@bermchasin
@bermchasin 3 роки тому
yet all the news talks about it "aNti-RayCiSm"
@knightofy333schua8
@knightofy333schua8 3 роки тому
We live in a simulation and the memory in our phones works by manipulating the physics engine and bugging it out so it miscalculated the position of electrons
@infrahinium
@infrahinium 2 роки тому
Thanks for explaning how cells could be written to or erased ! I'll be waiting for how the bitlines & control gates works ! Thanks for the subtitles, it helps a ton to understand on a second listening. Most likely the best video series I've watched so far... freaking amazing !
@eccodreams
@eccodreams 3 роки тому
Clean visuals, methodical speaking, perfect teaching. Wonderful video!
@Max_Jacoby
@Max_Jacoby 3 роки тому
I feel like I'm watching interstellar broadcast from aliens who decided to share their knowledge. P.S. Intel Optane please!
@movercast
@movercast 3 роки тому
www.techinsights.com/blog/intel-3d-xpoint-memory-die-removed-intel-optanetm-pcm-phase-change-memory
@TT-vp5no
@TT-vp5no 3 роки тому
"Create and evolve" - that is the true meaning of our life's as a human beings.
@Gogglesofkrome
@Gogglesofkrome 3 роки тому
unfortunately, that aspect of creativity and evolving is limited to some more than others.
@Gogglesofkrome
@Gogglesofkrome 3 роки тому
@S well, I guess I should have put more thought into the implications of what I were typing, but I guess that's true too. Asians are pretty good as well though, they do pretty good when it comes to acting civilized.
@puspamadak
@puspamadak 3 роки тому
I always get the most conceptual and simplest explanations in this channel. From these videos, I can learn about the world around us. Thanks a lot for your hard work.
@DrakiniteOfficial
@DrakiniteOfficial 3 роки тому
This video was fantastic! I really appreciate that you listed your sources, because it makes the video a lot more credible. I might check out the books/papers at some point.
@HenkPoley
@HenkPoley 3 роки тому
Interesting use of subtitles as sidenotes. Though I think deaf might disagree. Edit: Ah, I see there's also regular subtitles. Nice use of alternative English subtitle streams ;)
@ristau
@ristau 3 роки тому
"I'm speechless, I have no speech!"
@thehollis91
@thehollis91 3 роки тому
Fascinating. You take for granted how clever some people are that come up with such things.
@aleximanol7909
@aleximanol7909 3 роки тому
This was the most unbelievable and nicer explanation I've ever heard. Thanks for that
@TriadAgone
@TriadAgone 3 роки тому
I'm not saying you should watch this on acid with a 120" projector in a dark room, but like, Im not saying you shouldn't
@voiddeepstorage6533
@voiddeepstorage6533 3 роки тому
hey, why exactly those cells have a limited number of read/write cycles? what exactly happens with the cells?
@PelicansPreston777
@PelicansPreston777 3 роки тому
Afaik when the data is erased not all electrons go back. Some stay trapped. Over time so many get stuck that at some point you can't tell for sure if it is empty or full.
@Vysair
@Vysair 3 роки тому
Also the leak is the cause for data degradation/data decay
@humorss
@humorss 3 роки тому
reading data involves measuring voltage. and 3bit cells have 8 different levels of voltage in a range. as electrons get trapped, the range narrows until the levels become indistinguishable.
@hosamfikry2924
@hosamfikry2924 3 роки тому
@@PelicansPreston777 that's a great way to simplify it
@dfs-comedy
@dfs-comedy 3 роки тому
I believe the tunneling can damage the dielectric, eventually to the point where the charge cannot be reliably stored or sensed.
@anmolxlnc
@anmolxlnc 3 роки тому
You explained something I have been trying to grasp since I used my first flash drive. Thanks!
@thebester
@thebester Рік тому
You singlehandedly sparked my passion for Electrical Engineering. To the point that I'm applying to university to study it next year.
@OrionMelodyMusic
@OrionMelodyMusic 3 роки тому
I feel like I'm listening to a Thomas the Tank Engine narrator.
@jimhibbard1546
@jimhibbard1546 3 роки тому
I thought it was George Carlin.
@jhomar1464
@jhomar1464 3 роки тому
Hoping for "How Ram" & "Processor" works! :)
@Vysair
@Vysair 3 роки тому
RAM uses flash/nand technology, pretty much the same as in this video (but how the big picture work is diff)
@SuperRadHandle
@SuperRadHandle 3 роки тому
Definitely go check out Ben Eaters video series: building an 8-bit breadboard computer. He there assembles a simple but complete Computer from the ground up, meaning from basically transistors. I think it's the most efficient and also most pleasant way of developing an understanding of how computers work!
@matsv201
@matsv201 3 роки тому
@@Vysair well ram dont use tunneling, also just one level. Also, as far as I know, they dont use barrel capacitors..
@lukedeg6621
@lukedeg6621 3 роки тому
@@Vysair RAM doesn't use flash/nand wtf. RAM is completely different than any storage device
@Vysair
@Vysair 3 роки тому
@@matsv201 I mean the core technology and yes it's only TLC.
@MichaelEllisYT
@MichaelEllisYT 3 роки тому
I work in the field of electronics and this video blew my mind. Not the quantum mechanics part, but the part that you can store three bits by different voltage levels in the charge trap.
@SRG-Learn
@SRG-Learn 2 роки тому
I love that captions use US forthe transcription, but canadian for explain visuals and extra details. This channel is gold.
@guys-in9vd
@guys-in9vd 3 роки тому
why not use punchole cards again, they won't ever get corrupted and they can be edited easily, or for example vhs tapes for storing things in binary, that would last really long too
@HIHIQY1
@HIHIQY1 3 роки тому
But it would take ages to read/write files, and those also require moving parts.
@circuit10
@circuit10 3 роки тому
Or write it all out on paper
@circuit10
@circuit10 3 роки тому
@/science r/woooosh (I'm pretty sure this is a joke) I'm going to try working out how long the punched card would be though "This IBM card format, introduced in 1928,[47] has rectangular holes, 80 columns, and 12 rows. Card size is exactly ​7 3⁄8 by ​3 1⁄4 inches (187.325 mm × 82.55 mm)." 80 * 12 = 960 bits, 960 bits / 8 bits = 120 bytes per card 64GB (not even that big for a phone nowadays) * 1024 * 1024* 1024 = 68,719,476,736 bytes, 68,719,476,736 bytes / 120 bytes = 572662306.133 cards, 572662306.133 * 187.325 mm = about 107,273,966,000mm, 107,273,966m, 107,274km, the circumference of the earth is 40,075 km so it stretches around 107,274km / 40,075 km = about 2.68 TL;DR If you had 64GB of data on punched cards and laid them out it would stretch around the Earth 2.68 times
@justahamsterthatcodes
@justahamsterthatcodes 3 роки тому
Lmao, I'm just imagining when you want to show a photo you pull out a suitcase full punch cards, drop them in a reader and saying "All right, let's return in a few hours once my photo loads!"
@RaphaCramer
@RaphaCramer 3 роки тому
I have a SSD from 2014, I'll use it until it gets messed up just to see this in practice
@dominus6695
@dominus6695 2 роки тому
They'll last a long time as long as you don't write & read a lot. I also asked a related question about it in a comment here:
@dominus6695
@dominus6695 2 роки тому
""Does the controller chip 'refresh' the data when you're not reading or writing it to keep it uncorrupted, or do you have to copy it ALL every 8-10 years? I guess there's also correction mechanisms in place in case some bits get corrupted...""
@Filaxsan
@Filaxsan 3 роки тому
This is AMAZINGLY done! Such a great job, all my respect guys!
@ajiteshk9956
@ajiteshk9956 8 місяців тому
I have a deep profound respect for you guys who make these kinds of videos. The research and effort gone into making this video alone is laudable. Hats off to you guys.
@nickpatella1525
@nickpatella1525 3 роки тому
It’s nice to know that a strong enough positive charge would wipe my electronic devices 😇
@keent
@keent 3 роки тому
Friend of mine learned this the very hard way, he put a magnet on top of his laptop, unfortunately on the very top of his SSD. The laptop went nuts lol. They had to replace the SSD.
@Mart-E12
@Mart-E12 3 роки тому
I didn't hear about magnets damaging an ssd before, are you sure it wasn't an hdd?
@keent
@keent 3 роки тому
@@Mart-E12 hmmm i forgot and i'm not entirely sure, i do think it was hdd. Hdd are more prone to magnet failures
@Mart-E12
@Mart-E12 3 роки тому
An emp would wipe an ssd drive a magnet mechanicaly damages a hdd
@georgecataloni4720
@georgecataloni4720 3 роки тому
A cautionary tale to all those people sending positive vibes.
@_saint_gabriel_
@_saint_gabriel_ 3 роки тому
All the hentai on my phone is stored in a sliver of infinity that makes paper look big? Alrighty then
@isomane7911
@isomane7911 3 роки тому
cant express how helpful the video is, sincerely thank you and I hope you'll continue creating these amazing videos !
@ThermalWorld_
@ThermalWorld_ 3 роки тому
fascinating work. thanks for the graphic demonstration and the time dedicated to produce such a detailed and precise explanation. Congratulations, you are a unique and informative channel that cannot be found anywhere else on UKposts
@TheKeenTribe
@TheKeenTribe 3 роки тому
Included with quantum mechanics on your smartphone is the ability to watch a sunset on Mars with access to the world's information that can fit in your pocket.
@hashas5552
@hashas5552 3 роки тому
Quantum Tunneling in my phone?? OMG!!
@npip99
@npip99 4 місяці тому
Some information seems missing: ~ This shows how to bring electrons into the charge trap, but what about making them leave? ~ If turning the gate on reading the threshold voltage, doesn't reading the threshold voltage also write a value? ~ This shows how to write zero or one, but not how to write 8 levels. If you hold the gate, does it increase over time? Or, do you just use a different voltage to target different 3-bit values. Does the SSD clear the bit before writing every time?
@diegopenha184
@diegopenha184 2 роки тому
this is absurdly awesome, these animations and narration make complex engineering sound understandable even for a hardware noob like myself.
@jalipathak3156
@jalipathak3156 3 роки тому
This is so cool, but the thing I always wonder is that how do they made these atom sized things !
@mazocco
@mazocco 3 роки тому
Mostly litography i believe. That is like revealing photos, one over another
@Cubinator73
@Cubinator73 3 роки тому
They build up these patterns layer by layer. Not the "layers" of different materials you saw in the video, but bottom to top. You start off with a flat sheet of the material you use the most. Then you use light shining through a mask to edge valleys into the material. Those valleys then are filled up with another material and excess material is polished away leaving you with a flat sheet of one material with patterns of another material. Repeat this until the layer is done and then continue with the next layer.
@BranchEducation
@BranchEducation 3 роки тому
Kinda how Cubinator & Marcelo described. More accurately, they alternate depositing layers of Silicon Oxide and Nitride, and then use lithography to create a 'stencil', and then use an etching tool to cut into the layers, and then do another set of depositions through all the holes, and well... it's a long process.
@arisweedler4703
@arisweedler4703 3 роки тому
What an amazing description and animation. Thanks! I have always thought of quantum tunneling as a limiting factor for making smaller chips, slowing us down. But now I see that this fact of the universe is also something that can be taken advantage of. So crazy to think about!!
@bryanguzik
@bryanguzik 3 роки тому
It's a beautiful thing. (and thank you for a animation/description to help understand it a little).
@averybrown8136
@averybrown8136 2 роки тому
What the heck, where have you been all my life, this was so amazing. Keep doing what you are doing!!!!
@adelian_7154
@adelian_7154 2 роки тому
The fact that you can zoom in to the level of electrons is just outstanding, incredible effort!
@S0L4RE
@S0L4RE 3 роки тому
This was an astounding video and actually something I’ve been wondering for a while. Thank you.
@CodeKujo
@CodeKujo 3 роки тому
The attention to detail that went into these visualizations is astounding.
@BState
@BState 3 роки тому
You should be given an award for these videos. Extremely well done. Thank you!
@pladselsker8340
@pladselsker8340 3 роки тому
I can't really find the right words to express how I feel after a watch, but if I had to guess, I'd say fulfilled and thankfull. It's been a while since I calmly enjoyed this much a video on internet, thanks a lot
@AviationTV
@AviationTV Рік тому
I'm astounded by the level of detail you go into
@anima.7750
@anima.7750 Рік тому
science at it's peak - most intriguing content, thank you for teaching us what they don't teach at schools :)
@nekrosis4431
@nekrosis4431 2 роки тому
Clear, easy to understand explanation & beautiful animation. 10/10, will share
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