I love how you admit that a 3D version of a 4D hyper cube does not improve your understanding of another dimension. Thank you for being human!

A 4D object drawn in 3D on a 2D screen projected into my 1D brain 😂

Your graphical models and animations are hugely helpful for me to try and hold visualizations of these phenomena and relationships. A great video. The hyperbolic model seems to have a great deal going for it - at least at my level of understanding.

This is the best physics video that I've EVER seen. It explains complex ideas in simple geometry illustrations. Well done!

Something tells me that if we ever actually work out the true nature of reality, it would terrify us.

How would you feel if all the characters in your dream, used science to figure out that they were your dream?

I can’t say enough how much your work on these videos is appreciated - truly every video is remarkable

Best illustration on youtube so far for space-time. I am extremely happy that i ran into this video.❤❤

This whole video is simply incredible. Never has a video taken so many concepts that were so abstract and difficult to grasp and visualize make so much sense. I was fascinated and engrossed in this video for ever second it was playing.

The hyperbolic model actually makes a lot of sense! How can there be such large forces in the universe that bend light reaching our eyes and not think the reality we see is actually a byproduct of a hyperbolic spherical equilibrium! God, I love Astrum for explaining this concept❤

I've never been able to comprehend a four D model. Your video has helped me immensely. I feel enlightened. Thank you

28:26 With respect: When you derive that light travels at infinite speed from its perspective, you say time becomes zero but forget to change the distance. Length contraction should also be considered. Since you take the photon as the reference, everything else moves with the speed of light and shortens to zero. So we get a 0/0, which is undefined not infinity. You could do limes calculation, and I guess you would still get C.

I think this is one of your best episodes to date! You did a great job visualizing some very abstract concepts.

Alex, once again, you've given me the tools to grasp what I had previously only glimpsed, and in doing so given me both a greater understanding of the universe, and a greater perspective into the mind of someone more intelligent than myself. Thankyou.

this helps me greatly understand better. i can see you've put the hard work in

The Hyperbolic Universe hypothesis as i'll call it sounds really appealing to me as well, I've watched this video a couple times now, really wrapping my head around it. Going back to the model with the 2D stickman, I've been playing around with concepts and I extrapolate "time" for us by looking at what a 2D object would experience as time and what you would see. If you take say a square, adding "time" to this square would be pulling the entire 2D object through a 3rd dimension so in a 2D world, time creates a 3D object, but also, what are you seeing for the 2D square throughout that 3D shape? You'd be seeing the change of that 2D object, whether it's moving in space or not, it moves in time. I think about time similarly for us in 3D, our time axis is the 4th dimension and we are being pulled through this 4th dimension, creating a 4D object that shows our changes in space. While writing this out i'm also having the thought that what we exprience as "time" is actually a "force" somewhat similar to gravity, or actually counter to gravity which would be the explanation for why gravitational effects distort time. The time pull would be constant so you wouldn't see an effect on gravitational things, but gravitational-like effects can vary and hence the pull from time can vary. Still need to do some more reading and thinking but i love stretching my brain around the topic of spacetime, maybe the model is a little too simple and inaccurate but i'm here for the criticism.

The vectorial representation of c-limited travel in spacetime is brilliant, and made me really understand the concept for the first time. Thanks!

This is probably the best illustration of spacetime I've seen. A wonderful feeling when you finally see and think "Of course, that's it!" Thank you Astrum.

I love your content, I might not understand everything (I'm trying to translate everything to my native language in my head but some big words are tough) but I'm just happy to learn something new. :3

Love your videos brother! I was thinking to myself the other day about Gravitational Lensing. Do you think-in theory-that it could accelerate a photon enough via slingshot to "bend" it's normal constant?

I always find this fascinating, like looking at distant galaxies, we don't see them where or how they are but where and how they were. Probably the closest we'll get to time travel.

I don’t mean to be “hyperbolic,” but this just might be the most fascinating UKposts video I’ve ever seen. I don’t think I’ve ever seen a random UKpostsr share an original scientific theory that is both plausible and potentially revolutionary. I’m not smart enough to know if your theory is true, but I’m blown away at your courage to present something like this so honestly

Thank you so much for providing models to explain something so complex. Beautiful really as you actually still are humble enough to say we really have a lot more to understand regarding our universe as well as space-time relationship. To be honest , I will watch this video again as this is really "high funda" and goes beyond anything my little understanding of quantum physics entails. Thoroughly enjoyed going along with your explanation every step of the way. Thank you.

Human Consciousness is the 5th dimension. It allows us to move perpendicular to the Time scale with every decision we make. It teleports us along a line of where our decisions move us to different time pathways. Each affecting how long we live and where we ultimately end up.

You pointed out something I've never considered before. Assuming there was a "Big Bang", why limit the number of dimensions which expanded from this event. Time expanding, is simply one of these dimensions, and explains why time appears to move in only one direction.

You did a great job explaining these concepts through both simple language and visuals! Thanks for you work

This has explained a lot of things for me. Thank you for making it so digestable

You explained a lot of this perfectly!! Thanks… imagine the vessel you would need to withstand moving through dimensions like that

I don't understand a lot to be honest. But damn - I love this. Not often in my life I heard someone talking about science in such an easy and natural, yet intelligent and challenging way. I will watch it until I get it. Thank you so much for this great content.

I love your videos man. I've only watched 2 so far but intend on watching more. I'm aware of most of the concepts discussed but you have a way of explaining them which also gives me understanding. Thanks!

New sub. Your voice is soothing, and your videos are, educational, entertaining, and fascinating,all at once!👍🥰

Thank you an excellent analysis. Could you provide a similar analysis of the universe in regards to vibrations and/or frequencies?

You and your brother do amazing work! Great topics, scripts, fantastic narration! I especially love your different perspectives on these topics. You introduce interesting topics in ways that are easier to digest compared to other science channels, yet provide a great deal of fascinating info! ❤❤🎉🎉

Your explanation at the beginning about 4D is the best I've encountered so far! While I sort of get the mathematical concept, it is still hard to visualize, and most 3D comparisons end up confusing me more. This one really has me thinking about it visually in a much clearer way.

We maybe on the inside surface of a huge torus. Some areas expand, at speeds higher than the speed of light, and some slower as the center of the torus contracts, but no lines intersect, ever. One thing is my thought and it is that black holes are punctures in this torus, and things are sucked out of the torus like a punctured tire, maybe to create another multiverse in the unseen ether, as we can only see our dimension, but not outside our own universe, our own torus.

Deadly Vid brah!! Great vision of the hyperbolic and time relationship.

Man celebrated 4/20 a little too hard, and took notes. This is an amazing demonstration. Simple enough that anyone can understand, but deep enough to learn advanced topics for those who may already know stuff about this topic

We can absolutely feel time! Sometimes it feels slower. Sometimes, it feels like we speed through the day.

This is the best representation of hyperbolic space ive ever seen. Keep it up!

This tells me that if we ever figure out how to teleport, we wouldn’t age but others who didn’t use the portal would. Wow. Crazy thoughts

11:54 This little model finally helped me understand why time goes slower for objects moving fast. I kind of understood it on an intellectual level, but seeing it presented this way really made it click. Holy hell that was a light bulb moment!

I usually don't ever watch something twice. This I had to come back to review. Not because it was hard to understand, but because it was beautiful. Good job.

I keep thinking about how time dilation can be explained by the extra processing power needed when traveling closer to the speed of light or near huge amount of masses if the universe were a simulation

you actually can go back or forward in time, heck you technically can even go in a secondary time dimension, just not with the body. Time also has a cyclical nature to it, which has probably to do with an even higher movement dimension. Making it seemingly repeat, like there is no end or beginning.

This was a great video! Kept me intrigued, but more importantly, you’ve explained everything very well! Thank you!

Time is something you live in ones, it passes you by in all directions, and you can’t never go back to its original point to change it.

Take a 3d spherical shape and paint it inside with mirror and pass light in a slant inside to enter. The reflection is all the ripples and when you see through a hole everything seems moving away. Now if the sphere was expanding then it is 4d space. Relative two c. working for expansion and ripples.

Reality and consciousness are products of our experience. The answer to everything is ‘it is bigger than we thought, and we are even less significant than we imagine’, but we all share the same patterns of thought, no matter who or where we are in the universe, and beyond.

Another thought that tripped me out when I heard it, was in reference to dreams. Every person you've ever interacted with in a dream, was created by you. Every object in a dream, was created by you. How can it be that within the confines of our brains, when we dream, we can create entire worlds with realistic physics and people with entire personalities. Makes me wonder about mind and Mandelbrots. Like, could my mind be contained in another mind? If I could click into a dream and never click out, it would seem like I wouldn't know the difference between dream world and real life. But the dream world is all allegedly taking place in a portion of my brain. That is super weird to me. It makes the notion of me being just a product of "mind", a lot more acceptable.

....could this (as well as gravity) be why the Jmes Webb Telescope is finding galaxies that seem to be 'older than they should be'?

Wonderfully simple explanation of very complex issues.

This is ABSOLUTELY the best video explaining these phenomena. wow.

This is brilliant. Great presentation, convincing arguments, and honestly very soothing to listen to.

my mother said , when I was about three years old the first thing I said when I looked up at the sky was “how far does that go”? I still wonder, and when you think in terms like that, anything is possible..

I just love seeing people's first time reactions to this channel. It truly is a gift to us all.

Graph or no graph, I'm just here to confirm my suspicion that my lost socks are indeed in a parallel universe.

What a beautiful theory. As always, incredible work.

I believe that time is the biggest enemy of consciousness. And that trying to hard to figure it out. Simply is the best way to separate us from the NOW. Because everything that ever happens in what matters happens NOW. And that's what's important. Connection to True Consciousness.

I just have a guy feeling the true nature of reality is as vast to what we see as the light spectrum compared to just the visible light spectrum for animals who can only distinguish light from no light. I don't think it would be scary. I just think we miss so many things that could be advantageous in every second of our lives. Even the greatest puzzle solvers in my opinion, haven't started to truly think outside the "box" if it is even a box at that level.

I absolutely loved this. It made me feel simultaneously more a part of everything and completely alone. I can see how mass shapes our universe, but I don't know if it's right

I feel like this model just clicked right and it all make sense now. This model is very well explained and beautifully simple! I hope this will take us one step closer to the true shape of our beautiful world!

You are very open minded and WELL inteligent, scientific and philosophicly as well. Very nice explained EVERYTHING. RESPECT!

I like the idea of the Möbius theory with blackholes scattered upon it. Really makes you wonder where space and time is going.

I imagine 4d as looking at all sides at once. That includes the interior. If 4d was time, rather than looking at one side physically, you can move through time and let the space move by itself.

Very beautitful and interesting lecture Alex! One of your best... i also think in existence when I am alone sitting in our house and the last who is going to sleep, existencial questions, time to think, to feel and to imagen our universe that is so vast and incredible rich in expressions!

Beautifully laid out. Thank you

Wow! This is fantastic!! Couple of questions: 1. Why only 4 dimensions? Is it because we cannot fit a higher number dimension in our thoughts? 2. Why is the value of c 299792458 m/s? Why not something else?

"But the professor has no time He’s got a paper to write And the next thing on his list Is to prove that the universe does not exist" "Ivory Tower" by Sabine Hossenfelder.

Beginning to end your greatest video! Meticulously structured to understand the payoff in the end. After all I’ve studied and read this brought so much together. I honestly think you’ve nailed it, or are at least close here. A simple truth that explains the reality we observe. Fantastic, thank you!

Reality doesn't exist as a physical space, it's a giant energetic web of information and it's all constructed in our mind through the five senses.

Helps me to somehow understand the contents of the Qu'ran and I also recommend all of you to dwell into scientific studies of near death experiences! Most people who clinically were dead for a minute, talk about entering a higher dimension where they suddenly have a vision of 360* and all. They say it cannot be described, although one guy said that the visual sensation is similiar to seeing fractals. They also report to have seen heaven (or hell) - Spiritually speaking (so this part doesn't need to be believed:) I experienced extremely short snipped of places/ things, where I was looking at an object or interior that appeared so ultra sharp... when I remember those snippets later, their intensity lessens, until I have a new "snippet" / image in my head, that refreshes that feeling of what that sharp image looks like. So in short: I believe after we die, it's likely our Soul wakes up to the 4th dimension. And I also assume that wormholes are angels traveling. As they are beings made of light. If we are made out of earth and we move with solid legs, it makes sense that angels who would be made out of light, travel in light speed. Probably nobody will read this but I felt like sharing.

I'm incredibly curious about these concepts and I've seen many different explanations, however, this is the most intuitive and interesting explanation I've seen yet. Well done!

I think you’re spot on. Which is why time stops at the event horizon of a black hole and and at the cosmic event horizon. At those points in spacetime all lines away from you diverge and merge with the time it takes for light to travel. Describing Hyperbolic space. A straight line from the center of a black hole to the edge of our cosmic horizon would be hyperbolic when measured against time from the observers perspective.

I think this is the most explaining and interesting video I've ever seen.

Your nice, friendly voice makes as if I can understand, but if I have to tell only one thing I have learned, I couldn't, because I actually didn't understand nada! It's beautiful though. Subscribed!

Flattening 3d space into a 2d model so that we can visualize time as a 4th dimension finally made the 4th dimension make sense to me. I love how just explaining something another way can make something suddenly interesting.

One of the best explanations of space time ive ever seen. Absolutely great work man

The whole speed of light and time thing is always a word game to me because it applies to everything and nothing because you’re looking at yourself in the mirror you’re looking at yourself from milliseconds ago but when you’re in a completely dark room does time stop because there isn’t any light? Therefore, in space which is darkness with “stars” in this darkness, which light bounces off each other which is also why you see fragments of light when bouncing of another light object, mean that time is maybe not soemthing that we can truly comprehend because with all that bouncing we can’t truly know if your seeing in the past or the future because light travels, it doesn’t travel just back. So, we truly don’t know if we’re seeing on the past or future. It’s like a movie, we don’t see the light of the upcoming pixels but it’s there and we know it’s there, so the same I’d think applies to any light you’re seeing. Idk 🤷🏼‍♀️ I’m going off and I may not write exactly what I’m trying to mean so maybe someone can help me, and hopefully try to understand at least what I mean.

Here is something to consider: If the universe was created from a point source discontinuity, why is it not a topological shell. (like a ballon) ? What we observe is instead a volume filled with energy and “matter”. Meaning some parts have expanded more from the source than other parts. Why?

To sum it up: That space curves hyperbolically universally, but parabolically locally. Say on the Galactic and Great Attractor scale. Would cover most observations. Nicely done, some of your best work.

What if instead of a sphere space time is shaped more like a magnetic field? You said something along the lines of sphere like space would curve around something. But since we hypothesize everything started from a single point, everything could just be moving away until suddenly it's going back together again in an eternal space-time-loop of stretching and compressing. That would be cool. Space would be both finite and infinite because eventually you'd be back at the start. Idk how possible that is but....food for thought haha

Superb video, quite a lot to wrap your mind around. I suspect that even if we do manage to fully understand our reality, it will not bring us any closer to knowing why we are here or what happens when our lives are over and we may revert to the supernatural as our only consolation

Loving it is like to add another perspective. We all know we travel in time at C and when you accelerate you're taking speed and actual space from time dimension. Realistically there is no simultaneity in the universe does someone at the other end of the universe doing something at the same time you are lightspeed not enough to prove simultaneity

I wanted to let someone know. That I had a NDE a few years ago and for about a month after I came back I could look at the door are the walls and see that it wasn't real. I don't know how this happened but it did and I can't forget about it.

I think a good way to see why time is like a dimension is flipbooks, those books with a different drawing on each page that make a video when you flip through them. Each image is 2D space, when you flip through the 3rd dimension the 2D world comes to life and moves.

The reason why we cannot see in the direction of Time, is because that process your looking for has not happened yet. Until Time reveals the process, only then can we see towards Time. Light speed is one direction, without change, until something moves in the path of light. So, this is why Time would slow down when approaching light speed, is because we would be approaching an area where time does not exist, cause light obeys no process. Think about what process takes place when you flip on a light switch? No processes exist, light just instantly appears.

Tiss funny how ancients knew of things and shapes in space that take us using invisible light to see at all. As even in enough it says Gud looked at invisible things and told them to become visible and solid. Enoch later describing things we never knew of as accurate till recent history.

"Without Time, our Three-Dimensional World wouldn't move, it would be perpetually in one state." I now understand. Thank you!

Kudos to such editor which explain us such wonderful and complicated phenomena with great ease.

That's a great explanation of Hyperbolic space.

I need this sci-fi concept with an unlimited budget, best writers, and mastermind world builders

You deliver interesting information in a very soothing way. Your videos actually help me with my anxiety. Thank you so much.

This is the best video I've seen yet that visually depicts, well, all of this. This was amazing. I definitely recommend this to visual learners.

Astrum, try keeping fractals in mind while thinking about this model of the universe. Could explain a lot in my opinion ;)

It’s amazing how people make thing’s up!

Your video is absolutely amazing, as much as I thought I knew you were still able to open my mind to possibilities I never knew existed. Thank you very much.

This was really enlightening for me. Time is what allows movement. My head just grew a lot dude. It is so simple. I feel incredibly foolish for not ever putting it in those terms even when contemplating space time.

Time isn’t a dimension, it’s that the speed of information has a limitation. The more of the processes per-second you diverge an information particle the less time in its cycle it has to interact in its local space.

Idk if someone else has thought of this before (I mean, probably yes, there's a lot of people and there's been a lot of time), but I find it fascinating how one dimension can be inside another If you take a sheet of paper, that sheet of paper is by all means a three dimensional object; anything you do to it will be 3D, drawing a line with a pen causes a three-dimensional dent into the paper But think of the sheet itself. You can draw anything you want in it, you can draw a square, you can draw a circle, you can draw a triangle... but have you ever drawn a cube? Like, actually. For real. Have you ever been able to draw a three-dimensional object on a sheet of paper? At least to me, this would imply there's a form of "universe" inside the 3D sheet that is completely 2D and you could never have anything that isn't 2D inside that universe; drawing a line would just be drawing a really thin rectangle, drawing a cube would just be an hexagon, and drawing a point would just be a dot, which itself is just a really small circle. On a similar sense, everything inside our universe is 3D, and there could be nothing that isn't 3D inside of it; you can't have a 2D object, because purely and solely by it existing here, it'd have volume

I love this explanation of hyperbolic space. I have never had a solid intuition of it before. Thank you! It seems that this really does rule out FTL and wormholes, right?