Turbochargers Explained | How Single, Twin-Scroll, VGT & Electric Turbocharger Works?
Turbocharger:
A turbocharger often called a turbo, is a gas compressor. It is used to force air into an internal combustion engine. A turbocharger is a form of forced induction.
It compresses the intake gas forcing more air into the engine to produce more power for a given displacement. They have greater power density, and they are more efficient. A turbocharger is connected to an engine to give it more power.
At the most basic level, a turbocharger consists of just three major components: the turbine, the compressor, and the bearing system that supports the turbine shaft, connecting the turbine and compressor wheels together.
Working:
As the engine is running, the exhaust gases would otherwise be wasted, but on a turbocharged engine, these exhaust gases pass through the turbo, which spins one fan called the turbine.
The turbine wheel is responsible for converting heat and pressure into rotational force. As the turbine wheel rotates, it spins the turbine shaft, which spins the compressor wheel.
As you see, the compressor wheel has a fixed connection to the turbine wheel via a standard shaft, so when the turbine wheel spins, the compressor wheel also spins. The compressor’s job is to suck air into the turbocharger, pressurize it, and force it into the engine intake manifold. And from there, into your combustion chamber, this air compression helps turbocharged engines produce more power at normal atmospheric pressure.
Components of Turbocharger:
Other main components of a turbocharger are a wastegate, intercooler, actuator bearing system, and oil supply. The wastegate is a valve that controls the number of exhaust gases that flow through the turbine. It regulates the boost pressure and prevents the turbocharger from overspeeding.
Intercooler: An intercooler is used to cool the compressed air from the compressor before entering the engine. This helps to increase the density of the air, which results in more oxygen available for combustion and more power from the engine.
Oil supply and Drain: Turbocharger needs lubrication and cooling. Thus, it's connected to the engine's oil supply system to provide lubrication and cooling to the bearings and shaft. Also, it has a drain system to remove the oil that has circulated through the turbo.
Bearing system: The bearing system is a set of bearings that support the shaft and allows it to rotate smoothly and efficiently. The bearing system also helps maintain the turbocharger's proper operating conditions.
--- Time Stamp --
00:00 - Introduction
00:24 - Working Principle of Turbocharger
02:19 - Why use a Turbocharger?
02:58 - Main Components of Turbocharger
04:03 - Early Turbochargers
07:05 - Turbocharged Cars
09:55 - Twin-Turbocharger
11:18 - Twin-Scroll Turbocharger
12:12 - Variable Geometry Turbocharger
13:07 - Electric Turbocharger
14:20 - Advantages of Turbocharger
15:18 - Disadvantages of Turbocharger
16:26 - Conclusion
#turbo #turbocharger #engine
References:
Wikipedia.org
Garrettmotion.com
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