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Thank you. Unfortunately, I didn't know much about this transistor.

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From what I gather, it's the very fast switching rate that the MOSFET is capable of (which is one reason why it's commonly used in high-voltage power situations). Interesting that it's desirable for distortion since most tubes (12ax7, etc) are the opposite and have very sluggish responses. This is one of the reasons why the famed LM308 Opamp in Rats and Tube Screamers is supposedly so desirable.

I also started studying stuff like this because I play the guitar and wanted to build my own amps and pedals. I did build a distortion pedal with an LM386 and it sounded great. Sounded like a fuzz pedal. It was great.

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I'm glad you like the videos. Thank you 😊

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Ive been trying to tell my wife that for years, but she still won't try it.

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No-one cares what your name is bro

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Hi. I am so glad you liked the video ☺️ I will try to do research and make a video.

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Thank you so much 😊 I try to produce as much content as I can 🤙

This is how a MOSFET works, Not how to build a spce craft... Don't just buy the book, read the words... ;)

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Here's an easy way to memorize: NPN = "Never Points iN" ( ⬅⭕) PNP = "Points iN Proudly" ( ➡⭕)

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I was going to mention this. Back when I was building power amplifiers in the late 1970s I had a large range of both NPN and PNP BJT transistors from which to choose with collector current ratings over 15 amps.

@@bunkie2100 I was working on VHF and UHF mobile network transmitters in the 1980s, no mosfets there either.

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You’re

Yeah it seems teacher had no idea what he is talking about

I still don't understand why a resistor needs to be there.

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😅 Thanks 🙏

Yes, I agree that a diode (as substituted for the resistor) would be better at controlling the back-EMF as developed by the Motor - when the Motor is turned-off

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I couldn't agree more, simple and practical knowledge. Add another sub for sure. Edit; It's really annoying me that I can't remember the term for power control using this method.....oh, hang on, the lazy little hamster that powers my brain just had a run on the wheel, Pulse Width Modulation, I feel so very much better now! Pax.

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The explanation about the use of the fixed resistor in series with the potentiometer makes no sense whatever! Note that one end of the 10k pot is connected to the positive of the power supply, while the other end goes through the 10k fixed resistor to the negative of the supply. That means that the voltage at the wiper of the pot, connected to the FET gate, can range from half the supply voltage to the full supply voltage. Power MOSFETs are _transconductance_ devices. The current that flows in the drain-source path is proportional to the voltage between the gate and the source. There is no current flowing into the gate. There is a "threshold" voltage below which there will be no D-S current flow, but above that the D-S current versus G-S voltage relationship starts to come into play. By adjusting the voltage at the gate of the FET the current in the D-S path and hence though the motor can be controlled. It is a crude circuit but OK for experimental purposes. It should be noted that with this circuit the gate voltage of the FET might be sufficient to allow it to conduct tens of amperes even with the gate voltage set to minimum. That would likely be the case with the IRFZ44 which seems to be popular with hobbyists. I'd take the 10k fixed resistor out and make a direct connection between the "bottom" end of the pot and the negative of the power supply. Most power MOSFETs can be safely operated with a gate-source voltage between -20 and +20 volts, but its always best to check the datasheet.

now this is an interesting query 😁 hope someone answers

IGBT are used for higher power applications.

Yes, the fact that P & N mosfet actually have different directions makes the faucet analogy even more strange. Since in one of them, water would stream in reverse anyways.

The problem is that it's conventional to draw circuits with the 'ground' as a common rail connected to -ve, with the'electricity' entering from the +ve, going through the components, and 'back' to -ve. So N-channel FETs have the 'electricity' going from drain (+) to source (-). This is because, when electricity was first discovered, it was believed to flow from + to -, and the convention stuck. BUT, electricity is actually a flow of negatively charged electrons from -ve to +ve. So the tap analogy must be referring to the concept of 'electricity' rather than what actually happens.

@@paulrudman1349my compliments to your observation I’m an old man who uses electron flow hence electronics Cheers

Because Ben Franklin thought electricity flowed from positive to negative, early electrical diagrams showed the flow from positive to negative. Later of course they figured out it was negative to positive. But in circuit diagrams, usually the "conventional" current is still shown flowing from positive to negative. It's the convention. And it's confusing. But it's the norm in electrical engineering.

Well said.

Absolutely true, but to this day, diagrams are STILL made using "conventional flow"🤔. I don't know why this tradition persists. 🤷‍♂️

@@jamesslick4790 too much literture too change so easier and less confusing to keep using conventional

They don't change it because they will not that to many people think about it. when you think deeper about the true direction of the flow, that will show that everything they teach about electron movement is false and in reality they know nothing about they have only theories! about how electricity works.

@@Toxxxic_ Just have a program change the literature. Going forward it doesn't make sense -- to me -- to keep the traditional concept of current flow when electron flow makes more sense.

In an N-type MOSFET, electrons flow internally from the source to the drain, but conventional current flows opposite, from the drain to the source. So, if we choose to have water flowing in the direction of conventional current (as opposed to having it represent the flow of electrons) then that diagram would be correct, with water flowing from drain to source. It may be confusing, but that is the fault of 1980's electrical engineers, not the channel author.

@@prestonbecker8784 the channel author should have used an Pchannel then, or used a diagram that was different, this is absolutely the choice of the channel author. This choice made it confusing for their viewers. Not the "1980's electrical engineers" you are attempting to misdirect the problem at.

That's because there are two types of MOSFET, a P channel would go like you think from Source to Drain, a N channel (far more common) goes from Drain to Source. I agree not the best analogy.

You're right, they mixed up

@@laysleal13 It's not mixed up. This is called "conventional current". See the comment below about Ben Franklin.

People it's not right or wrong, you can connect a p channel MOSFET source to a positive voltage and have the drain on negative, so then which way is current flowing? Well, drain to source right? So without more context to the application you can't say whether it's wrong or right. It's just a rough visual of how the device generally works, don't try to hook your FET up to the water spigot.

You are right about the water tap.

Thank you so much ☺️🙏 Unfortunately, when I was preparing the script of the video, I didn't think of it 😔

Thank you for the additional information.

All power MOSFETs have in inverse diode between drain and source. It is there because of the way FETs are fabricated. In the early days of FETs they were just sort of there. Now they are generally carefully characterized and can be used to advantage. The current in an inductor does not change direction when the field collapses. The polarity of the voltage changes but the direction of current flow stays the same. An inverse diode across the FET doesn't cope with that, however the internal body diode behaves similar to a zener and _may_ be able to handle the current.

I'd say it's because the potentiometer is a 10KΩ. In effect this creates a total variable resistance of 20KΩ that has a physical limit set at 50%. Using the principles of a voltage divider, the voltage at the slider would vary between 4.5V to 9V when measured in reference to ground (which is the negative). And most likely to prevent a high current or short situation between the DRAIN and the GATE.