unfortunately you have an unrealistic view of Europe and the west. It's not a fantasy land of your dreams it's the world of have and have nots and ultra rich and homeless.

And, I'm listin while I'm fighting with THE Great Red Army in Stalingrad and blowing all nazis to hell or in mariupol?! 😜

@@tonyv5202 he has absoutey realistic view of the alternative, what you don't.

I wish you luck. I wish Ukraine luck. I wish Europe luck. I wish Russians the opportunity to learn more about themselves by losing this war.

@@galynaprylutska6253 Sure he has,the ritch west Ukis are here,the poor smucks are in trenches. This is his Alternative

And he helped us to learn almost everything, about Ukraine and her people

ë⁹de is ë⁷⁷ý⁸⁷⁷⁷7⁷7⁷oooioëooòoëd1

One of the top brains of our day. And that includes the ins and outs of the U.S. political system!

Absolutely! I'm so grateful to discover him as my paternal grandparents emmigrated from Ternopil Oblast and I grew uo in America not knowing so much that he so brilliantly enlightens.

All of the world are idiots....On that we agree. o_O

I am number 7 , its been an enlightening set of lectures so far , stay safe and lets hope you prevail against the totalitarian dictator and his evil sadistic army x

@@ianmarshall9144 You calling Zelensky democrat? You have been twisted by propaganda.😂

I'm a Pole, living in Canada, and I agree with you completely. Polish history makes no sense without an understanding of Ukrainian history. The same is true for a history of the holocaust, of WWII, of the cold war. Now, the possibilities for a better future for the world depend on understanding the history of Ukraine. My grandmother was a Pole, but she was born in Kyiv. She spoke Ukrainian (and Polish, Russian and French). She named my father Bohdan. He grew up never really understanding why. Now it is so clear to me. After WWI some people realized that the only way to guarantee a free, independent and democratic Poland was to insure a similarly free Ukraine. That didn't happen, and so Poland lasted for only 20 years. Now we see that the only way to have a free, independent and democratic Russia is also be having an independent Ukraine. It's a particular tragedy that Ukrainians are fighting for the right of Russia to have a future.

How is being used in a proxy war by the US, getting in gigantic debt while getting destroyed being independent? Can't you see they have totally manipulated your hatred of Russians and used it against you?

@@tonyv5202 How is being killed, raped, and having your culture destroyed better than asking for help? The whole world doesn't revolve around the US. Russia was an expanding empire that practised genocide before the US even existed.

@@tonyv5202 You are only partly right. Yes, the US largely doesn't really care about Ukraine. I am a mixture of Polish, Russian and Ukrainian. My great grandfather was a Russian general, and I speak Russian. I care about Russia and Ukraine. Zelenskyy is a Russian speaker from the east of Ukraine who was elected to end the war with Russia. He was willing to give up territory and NATO membership for guaranteed independence. When the US said that Russia was going to invade virtually nobody in Ukraine or Poland, nor even I thought it would happen. It was a crazy idea. But the US was right. The only explanation is that Putin was crazy, that he believed in some fairy tale. So, now people realize that he is willing to commit genocide, and may even be willing to start a nuclear war. He is more dangerous than Kim Jong Un or the Ayatollah. That is the only reason that the West AND the East are united in trying to contain him. Otherwise they would be happy to let Ukraine go just for some cheap gas. That is why he has already lost. Russia is unravelling. More Russians have left in a couple of weeks than Americans left the US in the 20 years of the Vietnam war. Putin has single-handidly destroyed Russian prospects for a couple of generations. Nobody will sleep peacefully until he is gone.

During your "struggle" to be independent at which point did you start believing that violently suppressing the Russian speaking population of Ukraine was OK? What do you have to say to your government for deliberately "failing" to respect the Minsk agreement? No one feels sorry for you. Instead of finding common ground with Russia you have chosen to become a proxy for US's geopolitical hunger. Good luck.

Bloodlands was one of the most horrific books I've ever read. It's not even fiction.

@@robbie_: I'm now a good chunk of the way through Bloodlands. It's not a light read, and my folks are from Ireland, which has its own dark history.

Absolutely, me too. Even as half Ukrainian by my paternal grandparents who emmigrated to U.S. from Ukraine, I didn't know so much of Professor Timothy Snyder's Ukrainian history.

Thank you

Then you might not know that the Ukrainians shelled their own Russian speaking population in the Donbass from 2014 on, that tens of Ukrainian pro-Russian journalists were murdered, that independent televisions were closed and political parties other than the one of dictator Zelenski outlawed, that Ukraine repeatedly refused to observe the terms of the Minsk II agreement they had signed and MOST IMPORTANTLY, that Ukraine is not fighting against ”the Russians”, but against its own Russian speaking population supported by the Russians. These facts may change your ideas a little bit.

And, by the way, Maidan was a bloody and illegal coup against a democratically elected regime, which brought in the forefront of Ukrainians politics racist and violent groups, like Azov, Right Sector etc. etc.

@@mariuspopescu6089 Pure Putin propaganda and false history of Maidan. They threw out the Russian Putin puppet who was falsely portrayed when elected as pro Ukraine total independence from Putin control and then when once in showed who he really was just another Putin puppet an corrupt. A traitor to the Ukrainian people. Paul Manifort helped create his false pro Ukraine image to get him elected on those false grounds and false persona.

No, you silly ass. He's a fucked up fool.

He is definately selling the western version of Ukraine very well to the willing.

Why do say, “in the Anglo-Saxon world”?

@@heraldgrajdanin2581 They are probably Russian -- apparently its an (extremely and weirdly racialized) way that Russians refer to the West. My understanding is that how the term is used politically is, good=Russia while bad/evil=anglo-saxon (the West). My guess is that the commenter is a Russian that is using the term out of ignorance of how offensive that phrase is to non-Russian ears.

Anglo Saxon or judeo-Anglo are just Russian nationalist racialization of the Anglosphere aka UK, US, Australia, Canada

Judeo-Anglo-Saxon world domination conspiracy theory (AngloxJudeo op), British israelism, etc

@@joshuahorton-campbell3554 offensive what are you on about. That term is used all the time in Anglo Saxon countries to refer to themselves.

Facts about the artificial education, which is called Ukraine. KHARKIV is a Russian city. It was founded in the 1630s. Little Russians who fled from the Poles from the right bank of the Dnieper settled there. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built a fortress there and founded the Kharkov Voivodeship in 1656. And here is some kind of Ukraine? SUMY - was founded by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich no later than 1655. The tsar allowed refugees-Little Russians, who were killed by Poles, to settle there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? POLTAVA was in the XVII century the center of pro-Russian Little Russia. For this, the traitor Hetman Vygovsky (something like the current Nicknames and Yatsenyukov) attacked the city and sold its inhabitants into slavery to the Crimean Tatars. DNEPROPETROVSK - was founded by Catherine II in 1776 and was called Yekaterinoslav. LUGANSK - was founded in 1795, when Catherine II founded an iron foundry on the Lugan River. To work on it, people from the central and north-western provinces of Russia came to live in Lugansk. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KHERSON - was founded by Catherine II in 1778 for the construction of the Russian fleet. The construction was carried out by Potemkin. DONETSK - was founded by Alexander II in 1869 during the construction of a metallurgical plant in Yuzovka. What does Ukraine have to do with it? NIKOLAEV - was founded by Catherine II in 1789. At that time, Potemkin was building the ship "Saint Nicholas" there. What does Ukraine have to do with it at all? ODESSA - was founded by Catherine II in 1794 on the site of a fortress built a little earlier by Suvorov. What does Ukraine have to do with it? CHERNIHIV is one of the oldest Russian cities, it existed at the beginning of the 10th century. In 1503, it became part of Russia. In 1611, the Poles destroyed it and took this territory from the Russians. But in 1654 Chernigov returned to Russia and since then has always been an integral part of it. The question is: what does Ukraine have to do with it? SIMFEROPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1784. It was built by Potemkin on the site of the Suvorov military camp and next to the Tatar settlement. Moreover, Ukraine is here, no scientist can say. SEVASTOPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1783 on the site of a fortress built earlier by Suvorov. Potemkin built the city. What does Ukraine have to do with it? MARIUPOL - was founded in 1778 by Catherine II. She settled Greek immigrants from the Crimea there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KRIVOY ROG - was founded by Catherine II in 1775. What does Ukraine have to do with it? ZAPOROZHYE - was founded by Catherine II in 1770 and was called Alexandrovsky. KIROVOGRAD - was founded in 1754 by the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. It was called Elisavetgrad.

@@basilklochkov9194 ALL of these cities, towns, "Okrug" were well established BEFORE the russian imperial seizures. Your russian "history" is a joke. And I think I know it better than you. I used to be a Russophile myself until I began to look at things from Kyiv instead of Moscow. Now I have nothing but contempt for imperialism, no matter who's driving the tank.

@@chicagofineart9546 I have given the historical data of who founded these cities and when. And you can bark as you like. Do not try to invent and rewrite history. I myself come from Russia, I have a lot of relatives in Ukraine and I know perfectly well how things are. And who are you to teach me the history of my country? Take care of your country.

@@basilklochkov9194 you have got pointed 👍🤝

Really so so so good

I have watched dozens and dozens. Yes, some are presentations of similar material to different audiences. But they have all been worth watching, and after every other one I have that same feeling, "this may be the best lecture I've heard from you".

Thank you for willing to learn more about Ukraine. There are so many countries and small nations that Russia constantly overshadows.

Ukraine has never been a colony of Russia. The modern territory of Ukraine has always been part of Russia and the people living there called themselves Russians. Geographically, these lands were divided into Little Russia and Novorossiya. Nikolaev, Odessa, Kharkov, etc. were founded and created by Russian Tsars. Russian Russian chronicles of those times call Kiev the mother of Russian cities, as the first major Russian city. The concept of Ukrainian as a nationality was artificially introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russian Russian word Ukraine itself means the outskirts of the Russian lands, as a designation of border lands. This is a territorial term, so called different lands of Russia, but this does not mean that those who lived there were not Russians. It's like saying. that the inhabitants of California are not Americans, but Californians by nationality, or the inhabitants of Thuringia are not Germans but Thuringians by nationality. Study history, and. listen to propagandists and scoundrels like Timothy Snyder, who work against Russia by distorting history.

@@basilklochkov9194 clown

Facts about the artificial education, which is called Ukraine. KHARKIV is a Russian city. It was founded in the 1630s. Little Russians who fled from the Poles from the right bank of the Dnieper settled there. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built a fortress there and founded the Kharkov Voivodeship in 1656. And here is some kind of Ukraine? SUMY - was founded by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich no later than 1655. The tsar allowed refugees-Little Russians, who were killed by Poles, to settle there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? POLTAVA was in the XVII century the center of pro-Russian Little Russia. For this, the traitor Hetman Vygovsky (something like the current Nicknames and Yatsenyukov) attacked the city and sold its inhabitants into slavery to the Crimean Tatars. DNEPROPETROVSK - was founded by Catherine II in 1776 and was called Yekaterinoslav. LUGANSK - was founded in 1795, when Catherine II founded an iron foundry on the Lugan River. To work on it, people from the central and north-western provinces of Russia came to live in Lugansk. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KHERSON - was founded by Catherine II in 1778 for the construction of the Russian fleet. The construction was carried out by Potemkin. DONETSK - was founded by Alexander II in 1869 during the construction of a metallurgical plant in Yuzovka. What does Ukraine have to do with it? NIKOLAEV - was founded by Catherine II in 1789. At that time, Potemkin was building the ship "Saint Nicholas" there. What does Ukraine have to do with it at all? ODESSA - was founded by Catherine II in 1794 on the site of a fortress built a little earlier by Suvorov. What does Ukraine have to do with it? CHERNIHIV is one of the oldest Russian cities, it existed at the beginning of the 10th century. In 1503, it became part of Russia. In 1611, the Poles destroyed it and took this territory from the Russians. But in 1654 Chernigov returned to Russia and since then has always been an integral part of it. The question is: what does Ukraine have to do with it? SIMFEROPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1784. It was built by Potemkin on the site of the Suvorov military camp and next to the Tatar settlement. Moreover, Ukraine is here, no scientist can say. SEVASTOPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1783 on the site of a fortress built earlier by Suvorov. Potemkin built the city. What does Ukraine have to do with it? MARIUPOL - was founded in 1778 by Catherine II. She settled Greek immigrants from the Crimea there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KRIVOY ROG - was founded by Catherine II in 1775. What does Ukraine have to do with it? ZAPOROZHYE - was founded by Catherine II in 1770 and was called Alexandrovsky. KIROVOGRAD - was founded in 1754 by the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. It was called Elisavetgrad.

Sorry did he mention about Ukrainians Natzists during 2WW ? SS. Galizien or Shuhewycz ? Take some truth on the other side of Ukraine

Ukraine has never been a colony of Russia. The modern territory of Ukraine has always been part of Russia and the people living there called themselves Russians. Geographically, these lands were divided into Little Russia and New Russia. Nikolaev, Odessa, Kharkov, etc. were founded and created by Russian Tsars. These are historical facts. Don't listen to propagandists and scoundrels like Timothy Snyder, who are working against Russia by distorting history.

Facts about the artificial education, which is called Ukraine. KHARKIV is a Russian city. It was founded in the 1630s. Little Russians who fled from the Poles from the right bank of the Dnieper settled there. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built a fortress there and founded the Kharkov Voivodeship in 1656. And here is some kind of Ukraine? SUMY - was founded by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich no later than 1655. The tsar allowed refugees-Little Russians, who were killed by Poles, to settle there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? POLTAVA was in the XVII century the center of pro-Russian Little Russia. For this, the traitor Hetman Vygovsky (something like the current Nicknames and Yatsenyukov) attacked the city and sold its inhabitants into slavery to the Crimean Tatars. DNEPROPETROVSK - was founded by Catherine II in 1776 and was called Yekaterinoslav. LUGANSK - was founded in 1795, when Catherine II founded an iron foundry on the Lugan River. To work on it, people from the central and north-western provinces of Russia came to live in Lugansk. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KHERSON - was founded by Catherine II in 1778 for the construction of the Russian fleet. The construction was carried out by Potemkin. DONETSK - was founded by Alexander II in 1869 during the construction of a metallurgical plant in Yuzovka. What does Ukraine have to do with it? NIKOLAEV - was founded by Catherine II in 1789. At that time, Potemkin was building the ship "Saint Nicholas" there. What does Ukraine have to do with it at all? ODESSA - was founded by Catherine II in 1794 on the site of a fortress built a little earlier by Suvorov. What does Ukraine have to do with it? CHERNIHIV is one of the oldest Russian cities, it existed at the beginning of the 10th century. In 1503, it became part of Russia. In 1611, the Poles destroyed it and took this territory from the Russians. But in 1654 Chernigov returned to Russia and since then has always been an integral part of it. The question is: what does Ukraine have to do with it? SIMFEROPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1784. It was built by Potemkin on the site of the Suvorov military camp and next to the Tatar settlement. Moreover, Ukraine is here, no scientist can say. SEVASTOPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1783 on the site of a fortress built earlier by Suvorov. Potemkin built the city. What does Ukraine have to do with it? MARIUPOL - was founded in 1778 by Catherine II. She settled Greek immigrants from the Crimea there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KRIVOY ROG - was founded by Catherine II in 1775. What does Ukraine have to do with it? ZAPOROZHYE - was founded by Catherine II in 1770 and was called Alexandrovsky. KIROVOGRAD - was founded in 1754 by the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. It was called Elisavetgrad.

Ukraine will have a better future when they stop criminalising communists and stamp out the neo-nazis currently infesting the country.

@icky Vicky you have a difficult situation but don’t give up !!

Native Americans conquered each other. they were tribalists. So were whites.

LOL the Banderites are the equivalent of white supremacy in Asia.

@IncreaseRussophobia Taiwan is part of China. If it can separate so can Crimea.

Timothy Snyder 1st year Yale Lectures on Ukraine on youtube weekly, weeks 1-3 already out. Continuity, and the lack of connection between Kyivan Rus and Muscovy established in week 3, important for culture. Snyder managed to get to Kyiv and back in a week between #2 and #3.

I think what is so self evident in our respective cultures (I'm from Poland) may be not easily understandable to Westerners. When I see people dancing the hopak I don't need to think twice to know it's Ukrainian but for many Westerners it might seem Russian. Just as people think of the Russian ballet as a Russian culture and I see Polish dances performed by Russian dancers. Russia has been stealing from our cultures for ages and so it's difficult to use them as an evidence of our self determination. But I hope time will come when people will know better, just as they can tell the tango from flamenco. BTW I once asked a Ukrainian friend if he could give an example of a Russian dance. He couldn't think of any. Maybe you know one?

Facts about the artificial education, which is called Ukraine. KHARKIV is a Russian city. It was founded in the 1630s. Little Russians who fled from the Poles from the right bank of the Dnieper settled there. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built a fortress there and founded the Kharkov Voivodeship in 1656. And here is some kind of Ukraine? SUMY - was founded by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich no later than 1655. The tsar allowed refugees-Little Russians, who were killed by Poles, to settle there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? POLTAVA was in the XVII century the center of pro-Russian Little Russia. For this, the traitor Hetman Vygovsky (something like the current Nicknames and Yatsenyukov) attacked the city and sold its inhabitants into slavery to the Crimean Tatars. DNEPROPETROVSK - was founded by Catherine II in 1776 and was called Yekaterinoslav. LUGANSK - was founded in 1795, when Catherine II founded an iron foundry on the Lugan River. To work on it, people from the central and north-western provinces of Russia came to live in Lugansk. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KHERSON - was founded by Catherine II in 1778 for the construction of the Russian fleet. The construction was carried out by Potemkin. DONETSK - was founded by Alexander II in 1869 during the construction of a metallurgical plant in Yuzovka. What does Ukraine have to do with it? NIKOLAEV - was founded by Catherine II in 1789. At that time, Potemkin was building the ship "Saint Nicholas" there. What does Ukraine have to do with it at all? ODESSA - was founded by Catherine II in 1794 on the site of a fortress built a little earlier by Suvorov. What does Ukraine have to do with it? CHERNIHIV is one of the oldest Russian cities, it existed at the beginning of the 10th century. In 1503, it became part of Russia. In 1611, the Poles destroyed it and took this territory from the Russians. But in 1654 Chernigov returned to Russia and since then has always been an integral part of it. The question is: what does Ukraine have to do with it? SIMFEROPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1784. It was built by Potemkin on the site of the Suvorov military camp and next to the Tatar settlement. Moreover, Ukraine is here, no scientist can say. SEVASTOPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1783 on the site of a fortress built earlier by Suvorov. Potemkin built the city. What does Ukraine have to do with it? MARIUPOL - was founded in 1778 by Catherine II. She settled Greek immigrants from the Crimea there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KRIVOY ROG - was founded by Catherine II in 1775. What does Ukraine have to do with it? ZAPOROZHYE - was founded by Catherine II in 1770 and was called Alexandrovsky. KIROVOGRAD - was founded in 1754 by the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. It was called Elisavetgrad.

@@basilklochkov9194 I guess if you can resurrect the peoples who lived there at the time of the city's founding they'd be free to vote if they'd like to be Russian or Ukrainian. However, based on your own comment, they might rather be choosing between Ukrainian and German. After all Catherine II was German, no?

Ukraine has never been a colony of Russia. The modern territory of Ukraine has always been part of Russia and the people living there called themselves Russians. Geographically, these lands were divided into Little Russia and New Russia. Nikolaev, Odessa, Kharkov, etc. were founded and created by Russian Tsars. These are historical facts. Don't listen to propagandists and scoundrels like Timothy Snyder, who are working against Russia by distorting history.

He’s a teacher! School was like this, depending on where you went and what you took.

@@Rnankn austria, 70ies/80ies. was very offputting, esp. history. just senseless learning by heart, no understanding of anything whatsoever. completely useless. I am so glad I rediscovered history through great minds & didactic talents like mr. snyder. also so relevevant in the midst of this terror war against ukraine.

School can not teach you the history of every country in the world. School is here to give you the tools to explore and learn for yourself. Without the basics you learnt in school you wouldn't be able to follow a lecture like this. Of course schools are not perfect places of education because they are run by people and have to cater to the broader population. As an Austrian as well, who went and got a technical education, my knowledge of history was not too extensive either, but still I know how to acquire more information on topics that interest me and know the basics to understand what I find ;)

School is like this if you get into Yale University where he is professor

@@rcpmac yeah, I had great teachers after what we call "gymnasium" in austria, at a german art school, with great inspiring minds.

Why because it’s Natzi propaganda 🤡

Yes if they take your language they can prevent you from communicating and organizing. Slava Ukraini

Completely agree!

The past is not going to change, but we are where we are today. They wanted to kill our language, but as a result all of us speak at least 2, and most of them only know 1. From where I stand it makes most of us twice richer both culturally and spiritually and a little more open minded.

I am an IT professional in Kyiv. Most of my coworkers speak russian as a first language, but every single one raises their kids as Ukrainian speakers only. They all try as hard as they can to isolate children from russian language. I think we have a bright future.

@@hailstorm7868 beautiful, you do need to take this argument away from those Facist Imperialists for Ever.

Facts about the artificial education, which is called Ukraine. KHARKIV is a Russian city. It was founded in the 1630s. Little Russians who fled from the Poles from the right bank of the Dnieper settled there. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built a fortress there and founded the Kharkov Voivodeship in 1656. And here is some kind of Ukraine? SUMY - was founded by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich no later than 1655. The tsar allowed refugees-Little Russians, who were killed by Poles, to settle there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? POLTAVA was in the XVII century the center of pro-Russian Little Russia. For this, the traitor Hetman Vygovsky (something like the current Nicknames and Yatsenyukov) attacked the city and sold its inhabitants into slavery to the Crimean Tatars. DNEPROPETROVSK - was founded by Catherine II in 1776 and was called Yekaterinoslav. LUGANSK - was founded in 1795, when Catherine II founded an iron foundry on the Lugan River. To work on it, people from the central and north-western provinces of Russia came to live in Lugansk. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KHERSON - was founded by Catherine II in 1778 for the construction of the Russian fleet. The construction was carried out by Potemkin. DONETSK - was founded by Alexander II in 1869 during the construction of a metallurgical plant in Yuzovka. What does Ukraine have to do with it? NIKOLAEV - was founded by Catherine II in 1789. At that time, Potemkin was building the ship "Saint Nicholas" there. What does Ukraine have to do with it at all? ODESSA - was founded by Catherine II in 1794 on the site of a fortress built a little earlier by Suvorov. What does Ukraine have to do with it? CHERNIHIV is one of the oldest Russian cities, it existed at the beginning of the 10th century. In 1503, it became part of Russia. In 1611, the Poles destroyed it and took this territory from the Russians. But in 1654 Chernigov returned to Russia and since then has always been an integral part of it. The question is: what does Ukraine have to do with it? SIMFEROPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1784. It was built by Potemkin on the site of the Suvorov military camp and next to the Tatar settlement. Moreover, Ukraine is here, no scientist can say. SEVASTOPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1783 on the site of a fortress built earlier by Suvorov. Potemkin built the city. What does Ukraine have to do with it? MARIUPOL - was founded in 1778 by Catherine II. She settled Greek immigrants from the Crimea there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KRIVOY ROG - was founded by Catherine II in 1775. What does Ukraine have to do with it? ZAPOROZHYE - was founded by Catherine II in 1770 and was called Alexandrovsky. KIROVOGRAD - was founded in 1754 by the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. It was called Elisavetgrad.

​@@basilklochkov9194 ідіть вчіть історію дальше. Вам далеко ще до правди і пізнання хто такий український народ.

Ukraine has never been a colony of Russia. The modern territory of Ukraine has always been part of Russia and the people living there called themselves Russians. Geographically, these lands were divided into Little Russia and Novorossiya. Nikolaev, Odessa, Kharkov, etc. were founded and created by Russian Tsars. Russian Russian chronicles of those times call Kiev the mother of Russian cities, as the first major Russian city. The concept of Ukrainian as a nationality was artificially introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russian Russian word Ukraine itself means the outskirts of the Russian lands, as a designation of border lands. This is a territorial term, so called different lands of Russia, but this does not mean that those who lived there were not Russians. At the time of the collapse of the USSR, Russian was the native language for 70% of the inhabitants of Ukraine (it was spoken in the Central, eastern and southeastern parts, which were Russia). The Ukrainian as a nationality is an invention of the twentieth century, invented to divide the united Russian people. It's like saying. that the inhabitants of California are not Americans, but Californians by nationality, or the inhabitants of Thuringia are not Germans but Thuringians by nationality. Study history, and don't listen to propagandists and scoundrels like Timothy Snyder, who work against Russia by distorting history.

Thank you for explaining about Maksym Levin, the journalist/photographer. I thought I had come across his name before on Twitter. Now, sadly, I remember why. May he rest in peace. I am in awe of all Ukrainians & deeply saddened that so many are losing their lives defending their right to exist &4 are fighting to protect the very principles of democracy, that many of us in 'the west' have taken for granted & even scorned. I hope we can learn to cherish & celebrate our freedom & diversity far more. We have much to learn from Ukraine. Slava Ukraini. 🇺🇦✌🌻

Thank you for mentioning him. He also was a father of four little children! People of the world! Please support us, the Ukrainians. We fight for you, too.

send love to Croatia fron Kyiv

The modern territory of Ukraine has always been part of Russia and the people living there called themselves Russians. Geographically, these lands were divided into Little Russia and Novorossiya. Nikolaev, Odessa, Kharkov, etc. were founded and created by Russian Tsars. Russian Russian chronicles of those times call Kiev the mother of Russian cities, as the first major Russian city. The concept of Ukrainian as a nationality was artificially introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russian Russian word Ukraine itself means the outskirts of the Russian lands, as a designation of border lands. This is a territorial term, so called different lands of Russia, but this does not mean that those who lived there were not Russians. At the time of the collapse of the USSR, Russian was the native language for 70% of the inhabitants of Ukraine (it was spoken in the Central, eastern and southeastern parts, which were Russia). The Ukrainian as a nationality is an invention of the twentieth century, invented to divide the united Russian people. It's like saying. that the inhabitants of California are not Americans, but Californians by nationality, or the inhabitants of Thuringia are not Germans but Thuringians by nationality. Study history, and don't listen to propagandists and scoundrels like Timothy Snyder, who work against Russia by distorting history.

@@basilklochkov9194 lol rosia in Greek spells with one s - ροσια There weren't any state with name Rosia on moscovite territories during 12-17 centuries There were Moscovite Duchy, Moscovite Kingdom

@@autemniaequinoctius2030 What difference does it make if there is one letter s or not. In Greek, with one s in Russian, it is written with two. The etymology of this origin of this word does not change. It is Greek and means Rus, which is a scientifically known fact. In the tale of bygone years written in 882 it is written: And Oleg sat down to reign in Kiev, and Oleg said: "May this be the mother of Russian cities." I repeat it is written in a historical document dated 882. Therefore, historically, the first name of the State is Russia and its current name in Greek is Rus. There are whole scientific books about this, for example, by Lev Gumilev, a professor at Leningrad University called "From Russia to Russia" and so on. Russian Russian Empire Until the 17th century, Russia was called the Russian Kingdom and its ruler was Ivan the Terrible, then in 1721 Peter the Great made the Russian Empire out of the Russian Kingdom. Here is the chronology of the state form of Russia in different periods of history: the Old Russian state, Kievan Rus (862 - XIII century) Russian Principalities (mid-XII century - early XVI century) The Russian state - the end of the XV century - October 22 (November 2), 1721 The Russian Empire - October 22 (November 2), 1721 - September 1 (14), 1917. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (December 30, 1922 - December 26, 1991). Russian Federation - since December 25 , 1991

@@basilklochkov9194 the difference here is that an illiterate person always gives a false historical picture so, there was no Russian state on the lands of Moscow from the 12th to the 17th centuries. Tgere was the Moscow Duchy and the Moscow Kingdom

I hope your grandchildren will listen to this story with disbelief, not able to understand that these people really thought their culture and language was superior to Ukrainian. (Those now at the top don't, hence the attempt at hijacking Ukraine's story as their own.)

I was quite suprised that Ukrainian children watch movies in russian language. I'm talking about Kyiv oblast for example. I hope this will change after you win a war. Slava Ukraini! Żywie Belarus! Chwała Polsce!

Ukraine has never been a colony of Russia. The modern territory of Ukraine has always been part of Russia and the people living there called themselves Russians. Geographically, these lands were divided into Little Russia and New Russia. Nikolaev, Odessa, Kharkov, etc. were founded and created by Russian Tsars. These are historical facts. Don't listen to propagandists and scoundrels like Timothy Snyder, who are working against Russia by distorting history.

Facts about the artificial education, which is called Ukraine. KHARKIV is a Russian city. It was founded in the 1630s. Little Russians who fled from the Poles from the right bank of the Dnieper settled there. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built a fortress there and founded the Kharkov Voivodeship in 1656. And here is some kind of Ukraine? SUMY - was founded by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich no later than 1655. The tsar allowed refugees-Little Russians, who were killed by Poles, to settle there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? POLTAVA was in the XVII century the center of pro-Russian Little Russia. For this, the traitor Hetman Vygovsky (something like the current Nicknames and Yatsenyukov) attacked the city and sold its inhabitants into slavery to the Crimean Tatars. DNEPROPETROVSK - was founded by Catherine II in 1776 and was called Yekaterinoslav. LUGANSK - was founded in 1795, when Catherine II founded an iron foundry on the Lugan River. To work on it, people from the central and north-western provinces of Russia came to live in Lugansk. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KHERSON - was founded by Catherine II in 1778 for the construction of the Russian fleet. The construction was carried out by Potemkin. DONETSK - was founded by Alexander II in 1869 during the construction of a metallurgical plant in Yuzovka. What does Ukraine have to do with it? NIKOLAEV - was founded by Catherine II in 1789. At that time, Potemkin was building the ship "Saint Nicholas" there. What does Ukraine have to do with it at all? ODESSA - was founded by Catherine II in 1794 on the site of a fortress built a little earlier by Suvorov. What does Ukraine have to do with it? CHERNIHIV is one of the oldest Russian cities, it existed at the beginning of the 10th century. In 1503, it became part of Russia. In 1611, the Poles destroyed it and took this territory from the Russians. But in 1654 Chernigov returned to Russia and since then has always been an integral part of it. The question is: what does Ukraine have to do with it? SIMFEROPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1784. It was built by Potemkin on the site of the Suvorov military camp and next to the Tatar settlement. Moreover, Ukraine is here, no scientist can say. SEVASTOPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1783 on the site of a fortress built earlier by Suvorov. Potemkin built the city. What does Ukraine have to do with it? MARIUPOL - was founded in 1778 by Catherine II. She settled Greek immigrants from the Crimea there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KRIVOY ROG - was founded by Catherine II in 1775. What does Ukraine have to do with it? ZAPOROZHYE - was founded by Catherine II in 1770 and was called Alexandrovsky. KIROVOGRAD - was founded in 1754 by the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. It was called Elisavetgrad.

Wow ! Thank you for this education about “druzhina” ,!! I know about the Muscovites and I took Russian history so I don’t believe Pootins nonsense of ancestry to Kievan Rus’. But I knew nothing about Ukraine and Poland etc before Feb 24 . And am loving learning about this area ! It’s like a piece of a puzzle ,, a part of the world that was hidden away and now the light is shining on me for me to see it’s beauty ! And I fully agree with your comment it makes so much sense ! Can I ask where you are from ?

@@jetv1471 I was born in Russia but am half Ukrainian now living in Canada. I wanted to get to the bottom of it so read many books on the subject.

@@jetv1471 Also, if you're interested on how Muscovy became autocratic. There was Yuri Dolgoruky, the prince of Rostov-Suzdal principality(which was part of Kievan Rus' realm) who fought for the throne of Kyiv numerous times but couldn't keep it. So he started building his own "kingdom". A lot of new towns were built in what was later called Muscovy. Local population was scarce so he populated these towns by attracting some folk from all over the place(south, east, north, west) by giving them various incentives. So now they had this motley crowd who'd lost their roots with their ancestral lands and forgotten all customs associated with the "old" Kievan Rus' . Therefore the emphasis was made on the charismatic leader instead of druzhina. The seeds of autocracy were sown during this time. Kievan Rus' with its capital in Kyiv, otoh, kept their customs and traditions.

@@telsys 👍 THX , so far you have been the best commenter on the subject that I have come across in the six months on YT …👍 Most just go so far as Moscow being an outpost .. I VERY much enjoyed my Russian history class but it ended at the death of the Tzar. Went into science and engineering .. history took a seat WAY in the back for me lol Ever watch the kvartal95 cartoon skits on the Ukrainian historical characters .. ? It looks funny but the translation is poor

So Russia's claim to Kievan Rus' heritage is bonkers because they consciously disconnected themselves from the Kievan Rus' and went the other way. I don't watch kvartal. Not my kind of humor.

Facts about the artificial education, which is called Ukraine. KHARKIV is a Russian city. It was founded in the 1630s. Little Russians who fled from the Poles from the right bank of the Dnieper settled there. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built a fortress there and founded the Kharkov Voivodeship in 1656. And here is some kind of Ukraine? SUMY - was founded by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich no later than 1655. The tsar allowed refugees-Little Russians, who were killed by Poles, to settle there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? POLTAVA was in the XVII century the center of pro-Russian Little Russia. For this, the traitor Hetman Vygovsky (something like the current Nicknames and Yatsenyukov) attacked the city and sold its inhabitants into slavery to the Crimean Tatars. DNEPROPETROVSK - was founded by Catherine II in 1776 and was called Yekaterinoslav. LUGANSK - was founded in 1795, when Catherine II founded an iron foundry on the Lugan River. To work on it, people from the central and north-western provinces of Russia came to live in Lugansk. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KHERSON - was founded by Catherine II in 1778 for the construction of the Russian fleet. The construction was carried out by Potemkin. DONETSK - was founded by Alexander II in 1869 during the construction of a metallurgical plant in Yuzovka. What does Ukraine have to do with it? NIKOLAEV - was founded by Catherine II in 1789. At that time, Potemkin was building the ship "Saint Nicholas" there. What does Ukraine have to do with it at all? ODESSA - was founded by Catherine II in 1794 on the site of a fortress built a little earlier by Suvorov. What does Ukraine have to do with it? CHERNIHIV is one of the oldest Russian cities, it existed at the beginning of the 10th century. In 1503, it became part of Russia. In 1611, the Poles destroyed it and took this territory from the Russians. But in 1654 Chernigov returned to Russia and since then has always been an integral part of it. The question is: what does Ukraine have to do with it? SIMFEROPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1784. It was built by Potemkin on the site of the Suvorov military camp and next to the Tatar settlement. Moreover, Ukraine is here, no scientist can say. SEVASTOPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1783 on the site of a fortress built earlier by Suvorov. Potemkin built the city. What does Ukraine have to do with it? MARIUPOL - was founded in 1778 by Catherine II. She settled Greek immigrants from the Crimea there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KRIVOY ROG - was founded by Catherine II in 1775. What does Ukraine have to do with it? ZAPOROZHYE - was founded by Catherine II in 1770 and was called Alexandrovsky. KIROVOGRAD - was founded in 1754 by the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. It was called Elisavetgrad.

The most valuable thing about democracy is the ability to rid yourselves of bad leaders , it should never be a static enterprise but adaptable and open to experiment and change . Hopefully Ukraine will make the democracy that they want and need in a secure environment .

Facts about the artificial education, which is called Ukraine. KHARKIV is a Russian city. It was founded in the 1630s. Little Russians who fled from the Poles from the right bank of the Dnieper settled there. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built a fortress there and founded the Kharkov Voivodeship in 1656. And here is some kind of Ukraine? SUMY - was founded by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich no later than 1655. The tsar allowed refugees-Little Russians, who were killed by Poles, to settle there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? POLTAVA was in the XVII century the center of pro-Russian Little Russia. For this, the traitor Hetman Vygovsky (something like the current Nicknames and Yatsenyukov) attacked the city and sold its inhabitants into slavery to the Crimean Tatars. DNEPROPETROVSK - was founded by Catherine II in 1776 and was called Yekaterinoslav. LUGANSK - was founded in 1795, when Catherine II founded an iron foundry on the Lugan River. To work on it, people from the central and north-western provinces of Russia came to live in Lugansk. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KHERSON - was founded by Catherine II in 1778 for the construction of the Russian fleet. The construction was carried out by Potemkin. DONETSK - was founded by Alexander II in 1869 during the construction of a metallurgical plant in Yuzovka. What does Ukraine have to do with it? NIKOLAEV - was founded by Catherine II in 1789. At that time, Potemkin was building the ship "Saint Nicholas" there. What does Ukraine have to do with it at all? ODESSA - was founded by Catherine II in 1794 on the site of a fortress built a little earlier by Suvorov. What does Ukraine have to do with it? CHERNIHIV is one of the oldest Russian cities, it existed at the beginning of the 10th century. In 1503, it became part of Russia. In 1611, the Poles destroyed it and took this territory from the Russians. But in 1654 Chernigov returned to Russia and since then has always been an integral part of it. The question is: what does Ukraine have to do with it? SIMFEROPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1784. It was built by Potemkin on the site of the Suvorov military camp and next to the Tatar settlement. Moreover, Ukraine is here, no scientist can say. SEVASTOPOL was founded by Catherine II in 1783 on the site of a fortress built earlier by Suvorov. Potemkin built the city. What does Ukraine have to do with it? MARIUPOL - was founded in 1778 by Catherine II. She settled Greek immigrants from the Crimea there. What does Ukraine have to do with it? KRIVOY ROG - was founded by Catherine II in 1775. What does Ukraine have to do with it? ZAPOROZHYE - was founded by Catherine II in 1770 and was called Alexandrovsky. KIROVOGRAD - was founded in 1754 by the Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. It was called Elisavetgrad.

@@basilklochkov9194 what you are telling us is that Russia colonised Ukraine and built new towns. Empires do this. So you are demonstrati g that Ukraine existed before invasion by the Russian Empire.

@@basilklochkov9194 Cossack Hetmanate. Kharkiv Fortress As usual history is always more complicated. For instance Kharkiv: In 1654, in the midst of this period of turmoil for Right-bank Ukraine, groups of people came onto the banks of Lopan and Kharkiv rivers where they resurrected and fortified an abandoned settlement The settlement reluctantly accepted the protection and authority of a Russian voivode from Chuhuiv 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the east. So not quite a Russian settlement.

@@gordondavies7773 When Odessa, Dnipro (Yekaterinoslav), Kherson and other cities were founded by Russian Tsars, there was no such state as Ukraine. These areas were called Wild Field, from where the Crimean Tatars, who were essentially satellites of the Ottoman Empire, made their raids. It was a desolate land, a bare steppe, which in fact did not belong to anyone. After the victory over Turkey, Russia mastered these lands, founded cities there, and gave the historical name to these lands Novorossiya. Do not believe the false historical propaganda that is being told to you in Western countries.

@@basilklochkov9194 1. Thank you for confirming that Russia colonised the territory. 2. You seem to be confusing state and nation. There has been a specific Ukranian identity for over a thousand years even if they have been incorporated into various administrative units...and was part of Lithuania for far longer than it was part of the Russian Empire. One feature of Ukranian identity is its multiculturalism, symbolised by the current President: a Jewish Russian speaking Ukranian. Despite the genocidal efforts of Stalin the Crimean Tartars are also part of this complex identity. There are many examples of nations that are not independent states, or only became states recently. For example, the country from which I am writing: Ireland.

The modern territory of Ukraine has always been part of Russia and the people living there called themselves Russians. Geographically, these lands were divided into Little Russia and Novorossiya. Nikolaev, Odessa, Kharkov, etc. were founded and created by Russian Tsars. Russian Russian chronicles of those times call Kiev the mother of Russian cities, as the first major Russian city. The concept of Ukrainian as a nationality was artificially introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russian Russian word Ukraine itself means the outskirts of the Russian lands, as a designation of border lands. This is a territorial term, so called different lands of Russia, but this does not mean that those who lived there were not Russians. At the time of the collapse of the USSR, Russian was the native language for 70% of the inhabitants of Ukraine (it was spoken in the Central, eastern and southeastern parts, which were Russia). The Ukrainian as a nationality is an invention of the twentieth century, invented to divide the united Russian people. It's like saying. that the inhabitants of California are not Americans, but Californians by nationality, or the inhabitants of Thuringia are not Germans but Thuringians by nationality. Study history, and don't listen to propagandists and scoundrels like Timothy Snyder, who work against Russia by distorting history.

@@basilklochkov9194 Thank you for your mythological version of history.

@@gordondavies7773 It is just you who are being fed myths and false propaganda about Ukraine in order to fight with Russia with the hands of Ukraine and multiply the tragedy, the death of people. At the same time, money is sent from the pockets of ordinary American and European taxpayers.

Jest to wynikiem tego, że sposób w jaki uczy się w Polsce historii jest bardzo zachodnio-centryczny. Od podziału Cesarstwa Rzymskiego na wschodnie i zachodnie, skupiamy się na historii tego drugiego, bo tutaj rodzi i rozwija się historia Europy Zachodniej. Historie Bizancjum pomijamy praktycznie zupełnie. A było to przecież najdłużej panujące cesarstwo na świecie, centrum kultury, sztuki, architektury, nauki, rozwoju, podczas gdy w zacofanej części zachodniej Europy palono w tym czasie wiedźmy na stosach. Jest to moim zdaniem ogromny błąd. Ja do dziś palę się ze wstydu na myśl o tym, że będąc już studentką nie widziałamo tym, że Grecja jest krajem prawosławnym!