This is a really wonderful conversation. For those stuck in the physics/quantum-classical/mathematics/astronomy mindset (as followers of Brian Greene tend to be) this is a breath of fresh air because it opens a whole new vista of discoveries and science, something new to get interested in! Fascinating stuff. Thank you Brian for offering this up.

Mr Greene you are a national treasure

One of my favorite topics outside of physics and quantum mechanics. Btw, Brian Green, you are my hero. I wish I could attend your courses at Columbia.

Greene is a great moderator and this channel is fantastic at covering all the dimensions of science. Brian really strings everything together into a rich tapestry. (I couldn't resist the string theory puns)

this is a great vid so far, thank you science festival!

Best part of this whole dialogue is the acceptance that we really know very very little. Known known. Unknown knowns. Unknown unknowns. Trying to ignore the self-implied racism and such that is unnecessary in this kind of discussion. Rather recognizing ancient populations were not primitive idiots but intelligent.

I love this channel.

Professor Greene thank you for another wonderful topic, these are so informative.

I’m always surprised how many more views and likes the space videos get over human evolution and hominin evolution/paleo anthropology. This is most fascinating subject and it’s about us 😊. It’s our history and where we come from.

Simply marvelous...great panel....terrific conversation...thank you all so much.. ...

I don't know why you can't see it, but these ancient people just blended in. I can see neanderthal traits in people, prominent brow ridge, large head, broad shoulders. But they just assimilated into other tribes.

Finally an update on time lines!

Two excellent speakers and a semi activist

Nice to hear experts discussing the braided stream. This seems so obvious to me and has since I first heard of it.

Sneaking CRT into Paleoanthropology

I'm not sure why they get so sensitive about groups of humans who separate have genetic changes and then come back together. It reminds me of polar bears and grizzly bears. They're all bears but polar bears definitely changed and diet and habitat from grizzly bears for a long time. Now that the polar bears environment is disappearing they are coming back to the habitat of the grizzly bears and they are mating and producing offspring. Same exact thing with Neanderthals and Denisovans.

Damn… I simply love this subject

Imagine a pot of spaghetti sauce permanently simmering on the back burner. Every day ingredients are replenished and new ones added as the sauce is dipped out. The sauce evolves over time but remains attractively aromatic and familiar. Instead of the hominid bush, we have a stew.

Hello "World Science Festival"! Thank you for showing us such a wonderful video! I feel so happy! I'm looking forward to your next work! Have a nice day!

Outstanding discussion. Thank you

Literally fall asleep with these types of videos in my earphones , absolutely love them

Fantastic !! so much to think and re-think here - human exceptionalism and clear cut categoric notions of what we have defined as 'intelligence'. The roots of our necessarily culturally influenced subjectivities are clearly revealed here as are the lines of what we regard as 'hard' and or 'soft 'sciences' - LOVE this stuff - thankyou !!

Great to see Prof Green back on UKposts 🙌

I love this channel! ❤️ Always a pleasure to tune into and think about something new or something old, differently 🙂

nice to see those extinct denisovians, neanderthals and so on alive in his studio talking in english

I saw Brian Greene as a younger person in one of my favorite films (Frequency) and when he was thirty years older. He was wonderful.

It is nice to see someone sharing skepticism about the old 19th-20th century "scientific" timeline.

Absolutely fantastic. Great progress in our understanding and approach in this field.

31:10 that was a great presentation

I'm glad to see Brian Greene back, he always asks the right questions

Great topic!!

Thanks for bringing me up-to-date on this important field of science. There was also a bit of humor along the way which made it special.

This symphony of life being continuously orchestrated by the instruments. How very fortunate we are being able to share newfound concepts adding to this wonderful journey of understanding through discovery. and so caught in the whirlwinds and vortices of deep time, I listen, then add my own thoughts to this great harmonic. What a privileged life. Thank you all for the music of life.

Amazing! Many thanks 🤩

Viviana Slon will, I hope, be given the highest prize science has available. She is both brave and smart for her breakthroughs in DNA in ancient man. .She actually used the words that describe a mixing of species. Science wont "like" that.

These were much better when you did them in person.

love this channel

The definition of species has changed so much since I was a kid, I’m not really sure what it means anymore.

I love when they do science other than physics. I love physics too though.

Yery entertaining and educational as usual, thanx

Im sure topography and geological obstacles played some part in the seperation . I bet if you follow trade routes, the variations would show a higher percentage of intermixing .

Always look forward to these events. Please consider 3 guests instead of 4. Would like to see and hear more from less.

Good show.

How far can genetics go! Just splendid‼️ Seems the discovery of more members of the family from yonder would increase some before long.

As usual, a masterpiece.

I do not mind anyone doing research, so long as there is an agreed upon guideline to follow that rids of biases inherent or explicit. Tough but necessary. Looking forward to more discoveries of import.

The conversation goes south, gradually at first, and then quickly once the topic of intelligence is introduced. Sad, really, but it's a reflection of the state of academia presently.

I miss the chemistry of guests on stage ...

This was great. What an interesting moment to update new discoveries of ourselves (and the "maybe" ourselves) of other human species. I will certainly watch this more than once to help retain the information and make conclusions.

Great information in the video, unfortunately the audio volume is very uneven and the music is too loud in spots making it hard to understand the speech.

Interesting...!!!

Dna is amazing. 😊 we learn so much from so little.

12:45 51:04 ( 54:32 the question of changing the taxonomy )

Interesting where the panel went when Brian brought up intelligence. Several of the panel jumped to humans. An entire episode could be devoted to intelligence. Currently, finding microbes on other planets would be considered to be amazing! I think the panel members might be getting ahead of themselves.

Bravo 👏 👏 👏 👏 👏 👏

Hello, first of all, thank you for this awesome conversation. But what's exactly was so special about the finding of the hybridization of Denisovans and Neandertaler?

There is a problem with this discussion in that the Neanderthal contribution to modern humans is order 1-5%, while the Denisovan contribution is also 2-5%, with at most 10% in the most Denisovan heavy areas. This is not suggestive of large amount of interbreeding with modern humans, but of near total replacement. I am sure you will find 2-4% Tasmanian DNA in modern people living in Tasmania, but that island wasn't the product of respectful coexistence, but of genocide.

The pursuit of AI/AGI is helping humanity slip its anthropocentrically focused lenses too. Giving us a platform to understand pure intelligence. Great talk, valuable. Thank you all.

Good one. We are probably not intelligent enough to realize some other earth species are more intelligent than us, and in a different way.

imagine the love story between the parents.. truly remarkable...

WSF, when was this talk held?

So maybe Neanderthals were not replaced at all, but mixed totally with the sapiens. But there happened to be many more sapiens than Neanderthals. Or they produced more offspring.

When I had my genome done I had the normal amount of Neanderthal genes but twice the normal amount of Denisovan genes.

The more we learn, the more we realize how little we knew. In the future, they will realize how little we knew. We don't truly know much.

The real question is “will videos on these scientific topics ever surpass the views of cat memes?” 😊 Great video!

"paleolithic penthouse"? Please.

There is a touch of political correctness here. love the idea that I am part Neanderthal it speaks of a time of innocence.

Since there is adaptive Denisovan DNA in many (most?) Tibetans, I wonder if any Denisovan DNA has been found in natives of the new world.

The principle conclusions are obvious, yet remain unstated… Conclusion 1: Running deep, deep down into our core, guys are basically Frat-boys. We’ll screw anyone &/or anything? Corollary to Conclusion 1: Women ain’t that picky, neither!

How do we explain so much fertile hybridation?

51:00 thier not different, they are just different

Loved this, as always

When it was first disclosed, I was pleasantly surprised to learn that Neanderthal genenics composed a minor percentage our present genome. Sadly, extinction of this format human lineage should simply be accepted. Are there presently populations of Neantherdal whose genome is similarly hybridized with our genes composing a small percentage of their genetic variation? It's a lovely thought, but...

I love this music! Who is the composer?

This gave me flashbacks to viruses for better or worse. Living or dead, species or group?

The far more intriguing period would have been perhaps 12 million to 5 million years ago, when different populations would have been refining the morphological and physiological bases of bipedalism. Any population and possibly species that made a great leap forward would have triggered an evolutionary contest, and it's possible that the first group to begin the process was not on our direct ancestral line.

An educated adult who doesn't believe human evolution hasn't been conquer, conquer, conquer is deluding themself.

Master Communicator indeed!

There is so much coincidences that had to happen for the solar system, the galaxy, our place in the galaxy, the right star, the Earth being hit by a mars size object that didn't destroy Earth, which caused our planet to tilt the correct way, etc., and the list goes on, makes me dubious of other life in the universe. For instance, as far as I know, no human fingerprints have been found for a match, and my favorite analogy is that no snowflake has been found with a twin, and the odds of that happening are astronomical. it's sort of like never having the value of Pi come out even...

I'm trying to understand how one can say that intelligence is a cultural concept, when culture arises as a result of intelligence.

I am curious. Has anyone taken dna samples of us maybe 100 years ago and measured their Neanderthal percentage?

I understand this is outside the scope of this discussion but the implications of 200k year old human footprints in N. America must finally make the hypothesis of a land bridge from Asia and an ice free corridor 12k years ago moot. Orangutan have been filmed mimicking spearfishing locals. How many generations of homowhatever children watching logs float down a river before one of them goes for a ride? How many generations of play before they try a hollow log? From that point how long until the 1st outrigger canoe? We have 12k years of recorded history. The oldest human remains are how old? 300k? That's a whole lot of sitting by the river.

Plants are the only entities that sustain 100% of all life in the entire known universe. Hence, in order to acquire exhaustive knowledge of how all beings appeared on this earth and how they at present are (and in future can be) sustained, it suffices to discover the mathematical model of the mechanism how particle interactions inside the earth compose (completely controllable by us) seeds, water and fertilizers to develop plants on its surface, and then deliver and sustain beings on it through them. As this model would provide everything necessary to control all motion in the entire universe through plants, analyzing the resultant beings (humans and animals ~ social sciences, biology), minerals (physics, chemistry ~ quantum physics) and celestial motions (astronomy, cosmology ~ relativity) to discover that mechanism is analogous to dismantling and analyzing a car to discover the structure of the factory that manufactured it. On the contrary, the discovery of that mechanism demands interpretation of digits as unique particles followed by identification of Laws of Particle Interactions inside the core of the earth as the 4 basic arithmetic operations to derive growth of plants as functions of so composed seeds, water and fertilizers and the rest of the laws (of mathematics and physics, hence all sciences including those called "social" at present) would follow automatically from that, without any additional axioms at all. If you still insist The Experimental and Observational Science as it works at present ~ without any specified purpose, but with the motto "knowledge for its own sake" through "curiosity" dependant selection of topics and the fatalistic FAITH in the existence of an uncontrollable by us system of LAWS OF NATURE represented by the undeniably accurate axioms of mathematics ~ would discover that mechanism, then GOOD LUCK to you and GOD(?) SAVE HUMANITY. The fact that none of the whole team here even mentioned a single word about the role of plants in the origin and sustenance of life clearly indicates how far detached is TEOS from inventing (NOT DISCOVERING) the laws that would enable sustenance of "a pleasant to all beings" life function in the universe, the single ultimate task of all search for knowledge.

I heard the voice and wondered whether Brian Greene now does paleontology.

Wait a minute, how do you know that Denny is the child of a Neanderthal and A Denison? As opposed to the child of two hybrids?

Great clarity, new perspectives and findings as I have come to know I will get from watching the World Science Festival videos. This was very enriching as usual. I am also compelled to strongly object to watching a great production which is then tainted with an obsessive mindset boiling over with what could be mistaken for hateful animosity. So much so that little else was offered. This is a poison which is being remade and refined at such a destructive level, it can be seen as more harmful than if what is wrongly perceived were actually true.

I just want to take a long look at Antarctic. That bad boy has a story to tell no doubt.

'Believing the evidence' is kinda like 'having faith'... philosophically speaking.

interesting the "lenses" the study is seen thru .. excuse pun but those with a "bone 2 pick" .. let the scientific evidence speak 4 itself .. fearlessly

Human race spent thousands of years to dilute the Neanderthal influence on our genes. It did us lots of good. I don’t see the reason to talk about Neanderthals as a gift to our genome except maybe for Tibet (breathing in high altitude) .

This is what UKposts is for.

Good talk. I can’t say I really understood, though I did give the benefit of the doubt, the racist undertones that Becky and Sheila tried repeatedly to disperse. At some point I swear I thought Sheila was suggesting that our modern racist ideas permeated onto classification of ancient hominids. What? Becky’s comment at the end that it matters who has been given the opportunity to do the research. Again, What? Do we have to drag woke politics into everything we talk about today? I felt like Sheila was worried about offending Denisovans, and Becky suggesting that marginalized groups’ research would surely produce much needed breakthrough in our understanding in the field. You know here’s an idea- the harder you try to push something away, the closer it might come near you. You end up sounding ridiculously racist by seeing racism EVERYWHERE.

Wow ! I'm a hybrid .

When I thought she couldn't be more annoying, she said "intelligence is a cultural construct".

There could be thousands of hominids evolved to suit their local niche through convergent evolution. Yes it's going to be frustrating .

I am not AT ALL surpised that there was integration of Peoples. It continues today. If a man and woman have the appropriate genital parts, romance might ensue. Some humans like an exotic spouse. A big problem in prehistoric days is if a woman's pelvis didn't adapt to the head of a larger baby.

📍47:05

Amazing show, and really hot scientists in all means! Inclusion instead of exclusive way of being is the way!! Cheers guys

scientific objectivity has to be more important than anyone's inherent " homosapienism " and just the same, scientists need to redirect any guilt by acknowledging the science. I study population over-pressure and the resultant domino effects resulting in conflict and migrations. population pressure kills over vast distances, bridging continents and quickly traveling like waves in an ocean, causing all manner of chaos as the "invisible force" that leaves people scared with what ever the means of necessary resolve, against whatever substrate and methodology. here is a scientific riddle for you: it is the information age, yet I can not communicate ....what am I talking about? the objectively collected data is always good.... not to say there haven't been problems in past data interpretation.

The great discovery was that Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA was 15-16ths human and 1-16th chimpanzee. The ape-men were not human ancestors. They were the result of human-ape hybridization.