You could add Armenian, Turkish and Georgian to that list as all are spoken within Europe's boundaries. Kazakh straddles both Europe and Asia as well.

There is no "rusyn" language, speaking as "rusyn"

@@rumenok There are at least 3 variants of Carpathian Rusyn spoken in Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland, with at least 2 literary languages. :)

@@Dornwild you can say anything you want I'm 100% " rusyn "on both sides, it's artificial term for ukrainians and language it's just archaic dialect of ukrainian, I know there is minorities in Slovakia and Serbia but it's just misunderstanding because of historic past reasons ("rusyns" were closed in Austro-Hungary for hundreds of years)

@@rumenok I understand what you're saying, but defining a language is not exactly from a purely linguistic point of view, it also respects the self identification of the people they speak the language. It also interferes with politics. See, the Russian policies were the same regarding Ukrainian and Belarusian, they were considered only dialects of Russian... Which is not true! Due to political factors, Serbo-Croatian was once considered one language, now considered 4 languages of their own, yet the differences are smaller than for example, between Czech and Slovak (also considered the same language for certain periods of times). The case for Rusyn is different, because it goes back long in history. Carpathian Eastern Slavic speaking peoples have been long separated from the rest of the East Slavic peoples under the kingdom of Hungary, so they developed somewhat differently, having their own distinctive ethnographical cultural identity. I know the Ukrainian opinion on the matter, and I understand it, yet almost every other countries recognise the self-identification of Rusyns. Also for the Csángó language from Moldva, Romania is considered a dialect of Hungarian, however Csángós don't see the two languages the same. (Nor they have a Hungarian identity.) For many cases in history, it will be a long debate... But in my opinion, we need to respect and recognise longstanding self-identifications of even minority languages and their speakers.

Dutch is a wonderful language with some of the silliest sounds ever.

It is known as the Chinese of the West. Some things you never learn.

Or like a regular, sober Englishman attempting German.

I always felt Dutch was 1/3 German, 1/3 English, 1/3 French, at least when written down.

And we in Norway say Danes speak Norwegian but with a potato stuck in their throat.

Thank you.

As long it has pistachio cheese, nice.

... totally agree ...

No, Dante spoke "Fiorentino” in republic of Florence, now a little part of Italy. Wises took this languages as a base for Italian language

​@@Gogleespecedem modern Italian (formed when the country was, in 1861 only) IS based on tre corone's - Dante, Petrarca, Boccaccio - speech and literature. That's also why a modern Italian speaker understands Dante from 1200 much better than an English speaker understands the Bard from nearly 400 years later.

Welsh sounds a lot like a mix of Norse and Dutch and a bit of English on a Latin + Gaulish base, and it was influenced a lot by Norse, just like Dutch, while English comes mostly from Norse - I am learning all the Norse / Germanic / Nordic languages and the modern Celtic languages etc, and I keep seeing more and more new similarities between them, and, its sound patterns sound just like Dutch + Norse and Icelandic with English undertones, and I also noticed that, when there is a video spoken in Welsh, even the automatic voice recognition thinks it is Dutch!

Goulash :)

Caraway seeds, which I normally hate, are an irreplaceable and little-known ingredient. 29% to go.

Fitting, considering most hungarian dishes can be described the exact same way.

​@@digoryjohns2018 don't forget lard

Yep, for example Goulash and Hungarian stew (pörkölt) is literally the same. Goulash is pörkölt with carots and more water.

Wonderfully said.

I understand you

Goed gedaan gozer, groeten!

helemaal mee eens

That sounded like Swiss German to me honestly.

Hungarian is proto-uralic spoken by germans and slavs with turkic sprinkles.

Hungarian is proto-uralic spoken by germans and slavs with turkic sprinkles.

Hungarian is proto-uralic spoken by germans and slavs with turkic sprinklos.

Hungarian is proto-uralic spoken by germans, slavs and turks with italian sprinkles.

Hungarian is proto-uralic spoken by germans, slavs and turks.

I didn’t know about and am interested in the German sprinkles!! Thanks

@@TMD3453northerner regions near Austria If we didn’t sell Nizza and the other regions to France we would have also French sprinkles

​@@mr.archivityit's Italian language as whole that have German sprinkles, he didn't refer to dialect or something at all. We doesn't have French sprinkles cause both of our language have the same origin. We doesn't use the same words because we took them from directly their language, like we did with German, because French and Italian words are similar just because they both came from Latin.

@@pietrodauria7022 I know, I was jokingly requesting to reconquer Nizza

​@@mr.archivityon the way

Nice.

With some sprinkles of sprinks

An old story my dad had read: "[Q.] Do you speak Esperanto?" "[A.] Like a native."

@@davidbraun6209 it gets less funny with time, there are actually a few hundreds or thousands native Esperanto speakers nowadays

To go with doughnuts.

Or crepes… lots of doughnuts and crepes

Ice cream

​@@BenLlywelyn Hilarious video 😂😂😂But I have to say there is no such language as Monetenegrian, that is just a dialect. Bosnian is also a dialect but officially a language due to politics. Serbian and Croatian have little to no differences. Similar to USA English and British English. Basically it's Serbian 🇷🇸 or Serbo-Croatian if you prefer with little to no differences.

@@boka5290 I agree with YoU that is same language. ✋👌👍 When British English use Football, Serbian Croatian use Football instead Nogomet. Conclusion is British English and Serbian Croatian are same languages. 😏🤗🤔 When British English use History, Serbian Croatian use Historija instead Povijest. Conclusion is British English and Serbian Croatian are same languages. 😏🤗🤔 When British English and Serbian Croatian use Major instead Bojnik. Conclusion is British English and Serbian Croatian are same languages. 😏🤗🤔 When British English and Serbian Croatian use Chemistry (Hemija) instead Kemija. Conclusion is British English and Serbian Croatian very love ustashian letter H. 😏🤗🤔 I will say Serbian is Croatian sprinkled with English. 😏🤗🤔

Quite so.

Thank you.

You deserve the full cookie!🍪

Then what would be appropriate for a description of Meänkeli? Cakes? ;)

Kanske en Svensk Kaka och En Finsker Maka får barn?

As an estonian, i waited for estonian sprinkles on finnish

Biscuits and some vodka maybe...

If you hear from a further distance a spanish person and a basque person speak on their own language, may you cannot hear the difference. This was my impression. Spanish is latin spoken by ancestors of basques

Not many people know this unfortunately. Spanish is the descendant of the Vulgar Latin that was spoken in the area surrounding the Basque region, and thus inherited Basque phonetics and even some vocabulary.

Further note: turns out primitive forms of basque might evolve from ancient Iberian native languages

​@@woygenyaThat's really arguable! Your point only stands if by Spanish speaker you're referring by someone speaking Spanish from the historical Castille region. A whole different matter when that Spanish person is a native Galician, Catalan or Andalusian speaker, for instance. Vowels and some consonants will change considerably, let alone the tone, rythm and and musicality!

@@Basauri48970 There is no such thing as "Spanish". What there is is the language of the castilians that rule over all of spain (for now). Galician is much closer to portugues then to "Spanish" for instance

Well spotted.

Can you elaborate? Like I suppose many other languages have word borrowed from Yiddish, what makes it special for Ukrainian to be worth mentioning?

​@@brainblessed5814American English is the only other language I know of with considerable Yiddish influence.

Does ukrainian having any gottish influence on it, when the goths used to live in crimea few centuries ago, before their language went extinct.

@@jout738 I don't think so

Splendid. Thank you.

Nice.

See my other post under this video, doing an analysis of Arabic versus Germanic words in Portuguese.

I was going to say precisely the same. Even so the video is very, very good.

Precisely

I understand.

That's right. Greek is ONE language that has evolved. The last 2,500 years Greek has changed a lot less than English has the last 600 years.

@@Athmoneus Exactly.

I second that.

@@BenLlywelyn Well, being a Greek myself, I tend to agree with your opinion. Greek in not mutually intelligible with Ancient Greek. Of course, the modern Greek language has evolved from the Ancient one, having been influenced by Latin, Slavic and Turkish, as you explained. In addition, although the huge majority of modern Greek words have kept the same or similar roots to the ancient ones, there are many differences in grammar, syntax etc, so that a Greek person cannot understand the ancient language unless he has studied it. To conclude, in my opinion there is the Greek branch of languages that all have evolved from Ancient Greek, which itself consisted of at least 3 main dialects (ie Ionian, Doric an Aeolian). This branch nowadays consists of modern Greek, Cypriot Greek, Pontic Greek,Tsakonian Greek, and Griko (southern Italy), although many consider all these as Greek dialects (I do not agree but I am not an expert). This means, that in the case of Greek, there is not a language continuum in the strict sense, but rather a discrete evolution from a common origin point.

I would add a Celtic Gaulish sauce over it all. Then the definition would be perfect.

Fascinating - liked the Lithuanian bridge to Old India.

I laughed my ass off 😂

true--especially with the funky counting@@jasminekaram880

@@jasminekaram880 exactly... how did he miss that?

Maltese is arabic that converted to catholicism.

he could add rusin as well

Fair play.

Plattdeutsch sprinkles.

… And old Lithuanian sprinkles)

@@DVladas In Swedish??? What? Care to give an example? As a Swede, that was a new assertion!

And Romani sprinkles as well. Tjej (girl) for example is Romani.

Nice, thank you.

Czech language has also English sprinkles from seamen who traveled rivers like Vltava. Thus you have ahoj/ahoy from there. Who knows what else.

Thank you.

That is actually how they speak, he did not make anything up, at least with dutch

expected Dutch to invoke more voice box sounds than gurgling

Belgian or Swiss ?

Seems like it’s exact the opposite! Russians are not the ones who have slanted eyes, Ukrainians are!😊

the ukranian language was made up in 19th century what else are ukranians making up to seem older than they actually are?

😂

You mean, a myth that only Ukrainians tend to believe 😮

yet old east slavic is more similar to modern Russian than it is to Ukrainian

Fair point about Slovenians as your relatives.

@@BenLlywelynand then, might I add. Returning all the german sprinkles, disguised as slang

Nah you just robbed Slovak and made it harder to pronounce

@@legg6221 Kind of. Kind of true Slovak and Czech have immediate common origin (Great Moravia), while Czech have undergone further evolution (as frontier language of free people), Slovak is based on conservative lingo of people surviving up in the mountains in country ruled by Magyars since 899 AD. So Slovak retains more of the original forms Czech ancestral form also had. So yes, we Czechs (didn’t rob them, we were them) were kind of Slovaks who made our language harder to pronounce over time ☺️

​@@BenLlywelyn I suppose you are Welsh, aren't you. I mean, the name. Dear Welsh dragon, thanks a lot for your input but your understanding of Czech is completely wrong. We Czech hobbitses haven't got rid of our germanisms. They just got naturally absorbed into the Czech language and masked as something originally Czech. But every other word is actually originally German, even the words where you wouldn't guess it at all. We Czechs and Poles started off the same base but the languages started differing somewhere in the 13th to 14th century. Polish kept the spřežky like sz instead of š or rz instead of ř, and so on, and it's generally much more soft sounding than the quite harsh Czech, which in turn has a lot of pronunciations that sound like baby talk mixed with jard sounds. Polish sounds go up and down like Welsh and the language is sing-songy, while Czech is flat. You got us completely wrong.

I found it reasonably easy to read Catalan by interpolation between French and Spanish. Of course saying anything requires a lot more study.

I find it incredibly interesting how Portuguese and Occitan/Provençal are similar

True, Occitan and Catalan are really similar, the main difference between them is that Occitan has borrowed more French words and Catalan has borrowed more Spanish in recent times.

Un lucru excelent.

same 👍 ✌

it's spelled mulțumesc, thoughbeit.

With Portuguese it is mostly the rhythm and nasality which is so starkly unique compared to Spanish, Basque, and Catalan, and that we know Lusitanians and others in the south had alternate origins to being totally Celtic.

@@BenLlywelyn "and that we know Lusitanians and others in the south had alternate origins to being totally Celtic." Lusitanian language shows the same pattern as you showed us in your Hungarian roots graphic in this video - namely, the largest percentage words are from "undifferentiated Indo-European" and a close second are from Celtic. Wodtko said "it is very hard to find names in Lusitanian which are not Celtic" and those that are found that way cannot be more readily assigned to another language but simply to "undifferentiated Indo-European". I think if a people, like the Lusitanians, called themselves Celts, as they did, then who are you to say they were not "totally Celtic"? Some more respect around this identity issue is in order.

Thank you.

Excellent.

Yes.

aitäh.

A Peasant's Sonnet, by Jonny Easton.

No Semitic in Celtic Languages at all. That was a 18th century idea put forward by mainly English Linguists to make us seem more otherly and a mystic stereotype.

Nice. Thank you

Indeed.

We are NOT turks, dudes!

We do, just like every other country in Europe/North America.

​@@ladinark1672I was looking for this comment, lol. Cmon what's wrong with having turkic origins

@@ladinark1672Nowadays, certainly not, but the First Bulgarian Empire started off as a khaganate ruled by people who spoke Bulgar, an extinct Oghur Turkic language that, despite its name, was in no way related to any of the Eastern South Slavic dialects Bulgarian was assembled from.

Köszönöm. Glad you came here.

@@BenLlywelyn Thank you. And szívesen. This randomly popped up in my recommended

Cheers.

Ohh… this is a great summary of our language situation. I can confirm we understand way more other southern Slavic languages plus Russian than they are able to understand modern Bulgarian.

Maltese, ah. Yes.

Ben, to be honest with you, I like to much your videos and your accurate way of explaining all the things. In Brazil there was before a native language called Tupi (Tupinambá). Nowadays linguisitcs say that Tupi was the most important language of a family. The Tupi was a very beautiful language too. I would appreciate if you would once try to study all the most important American native languages and maybe, perhaps, you could post a special video about them. I suppose that North American native languages could be related to the Celtics too. Why not start maybe with ALGONQUIN or CHEROKEE?@@BenLlywelyn

Fantastic.

Thank you.

That's also true of Romance languages vs Latin. I'm Portuguese and I can understand Latin fairly well, especially ecclesiastical Latin. It doesn't mean it's still the same language. I guess one could argue that Latin isn't a dead language and that Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan, French, Sardinian, Italian, Romanian... are just dialects with huge differences amongst themselves.

True

@@lucasribeiro7534but Greek language was evolved to Greek language. Same language. Latin is a dead language. And it’s not my opinion. All linguists are saying that the same Greek language survived throughout the centuries and is alive, spoken by the modern Greek people. In comparison Latin hasn’t survived.

@@issith7340 Suppose we called your language "Cypriot", then. Would you consider Greek to be a dead language? That's what happened with Latin. After the fall of Rome, Latin speakers renamed the language based on their dialects/countries. I don't think modern Greek is any closer to ancient Greek than Italian is to old Latin.

@@lucasribeiro7534 you csn call my language Cypriot if you like, cause it’s the same languagess we speak in Greece. If you don’t know about definitions of language and dialects, go study that first. And also there are specific historical reasons why the Greek language didn’t split in Greek-derived new languages. Also you need to study this before declaring whatever your mind invents, as it is a universal truth.

Delicious.

It would be fascinating to speak with people more familiar with Hungarian.

@@BenLlywelyn Such a strange language and is 4th hardest to learn in the world for English speakers, after Mandarin, Arabic and Japanese.

You should be ashamed!

@@vasarelly37 Are you one of those brainwashed ultranationalist hungarians? I am not ashamed that I don't know to speak my ancestors language properly, I was born in Romania not in Hungary, Romania is my home, we make a lot of friends with hungarians, but with those who actually have a brain unlike ultranationalists brainwashed ones.

@@BenLlywelynyou just made me subscribe. By the way I’m Hungarian living near to Wales.

Thank you. I may have to take down this video and reload it with different music because a song I paid for is being hit with a copyright violation.

And I forgot, historically: Lot's of low-German sprinkles!

Many of them these days.

Yes, true! 😄@@BenLlywelyn

With very large Danish sprinkles

That too, even though the Danish have some problems with recognizing them. 🤭@@magnusschive4696

You're right!

Thank you.

Diolch. Thank you.

When Madrid no longer fears a vote as put forward by Catalunya's elected government, maybe I'll change it

@@BenLlywelyn LOL. There's a Constitution, which Spain, as every country in Europe, except the UK, has and which says the country is indivisible. You may put whatever coloured rag in your video, it won't change that. Catalonia (that's how it's written in English, FYI) is part of Spain and you have to deal with it. That "elected government" should abide by the Spanish Constitution and Spanish laws as in every single civilized country. Madrid shouldn't abide by the whims of an ultranationalist, racist minority - and they are minority in Catalonia itself.

@@Adson_von_Melk do you know constitutions can get amended or changed? nothing is written in stone. if you would put down your tinted glasses and look at Spain with the neutral eyes of a foreign observer you would acknowledge there are problems with the concept of unitary states wherever you look. whether in Spain, in France or in the UK (even after 'devolution'). there are always frictions in nation states with a unitary concept because it doesn't accommodate local needs and interests in a sufficient enough way to make citizens of modern democracies feel content. Spain would probably be better off with a more federal structure.

😀 Hope so!

Add to that Montenegrin which is a language spoken by people too sleepy to realize it's the same as Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian

Не всё так просто, что бы сводить всё до просто "выбрал других приятелей" - у каждой из культур свои убеждения и правила жизни, которые не совместимы между собой, отчего и конфликты. Потому что каждая культура автоматически навязывает свои правила жизни, которые недопустимы для тебя и ты вынужден защищаться и даже вести войну за свою свободу.

The family feud happened because one brother tried to dominate over other brothers. It's as simple as that. And as a Bosniak you should know that. Or you just don't give an eff, since you're too far from here anyway.

​@@user-uu4kz8sr5i Not really. The most frustrating thing about all of the ex-yugoslav nations is the fact that their lifestyles and cultures are VERY similar and usually vary from region to region (for example: a Dalmatian will have more in common with a Montenegrin than a Slavonian and a Slavonian will have more in common with a Vojvodinian). The rift between them occurs because they all wanna rule over each other and because they've been fed propaganda from different great powers so they see their neighbors as inferior and so they try to eliminate them. Realistically if they stopped seeing each other as inferior due to their religious views and saw each other as equals there would be no problems.

@@damyr The family feud existed before Yugoslavia was ever formed. It started as divide et impera by the Austro-Hungarians prior and during WWI, then by Germans and Italians during WWII, and finally Yugoslavia was ravaged from the inside by sellouts Milošević and Tuđman. Everything else is just a consequence or a byproduct of the aforementioned.

Wait.... is "kieli" actually a word in swedish? Because that means "language" in Finnish.

@@tovarishcheleonora8542 Meänkieli means "our language" and it seems to be the same in most languages. But no, "kielli" is not a word in Swedish.

The language wasn't "influenced recently", i think you mean the mix of Castilian and Galician spoken in a few cities like Vigo

@@adrv7919 I mean if I'm wrong I'm wrong I'm really just assuming on my historic based knowledge that since Porto split from Galicia and Galicia went to Leon and Leon to Castile while Portugal prior (high simplified obviously) becomes a thing that after years of being conquered by Castilians that the Galicians would be assimilated into speaking a strong Castilian dialect though I'd hope not because Galicians are cool.

Wikipedia.

Thanks ! Wikipedia is not reliable it seems ! For example unknown originated words in Hungarian is around 5-6 % and not 30% as it is in the video . ( see Zaicz Gábor: Etimologiai szótár )! And uralian is much more than in the video ! But I like your video beyond that:)

Latin will open up a lot of German for you.

At least you will be able to distinguish and identify the numerous latin words that we say in our daily life. I'm Greek too.

​​@@BenLlywelynGerman and Greek are much more similar between themselves you should have known this since you have an opinion for every language....

Thank you for watching.

Συγχαρητήρια; Πας καλά; Άκουσες τι είπε ο άσχετος για τα ελληνικά;

English is full of multi-sprinkles, like a sponge it absorbs words from previous conquerors and colonials

Adevărat.

except basque

@@8-bitfox716 so, you don't go kanpin?

Not really english new words aopted in other languages comes from USA not England so it's american sprinkles and at that point English should be renamed American

Good one.

I think turkish is a european language

@@OneTwo_1028 think again

Excellent! Laughter heals.

@@BenLlywelyn indeed, thank you

A beautiful language.

Merci beaucoup.

Byzantines went through profound changes.

@@BenLlywelyn Changes yes, profound definitely not. The most important changes in the language happened in the hellenistic period and during the roman conquest when greek became the lingua franca of a vast region. The name of that language was koine greek which of course is also the language of the new testament and other literature of the era, both pagan and christian. Koine greek is also descended from a vulgarized version of the attic dialect and is the direct ancestor of modern greek. Byzantine changes were comparatively far less significant.

Glad you gained good from watching.

​@@BenLlywelyn You can definitely say more than just "good": my fiancée is half Hungarian, so we really enjoyed the Hungarian part!

élve vagy halva elossa tai kuollut *elä- to live *vai or *kale- to die

Yes, the " Uralic " segment of the vocabulary implies that.

Finno-Ugric is not a family. That's a (merged) branch of the Uralic family.

SAAMI FINNIC MORDVIN MARI PERMIC MANSI ΚΗΑΝΤΥ SAMOYED HUNGARIAN The branches of the Uralic family in an approximate geographical order along the east-west axis "Thus, in the present framework the traditional concept of "Proto-Finno-Ugric" is essentially synonymous with Proto-Uralic." - Proto-Uralic , Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol Ánte (Ante Aikio) 2022, Marianne Bakró-Nagy, Johanna Laakso & Elena Skribnik (eds.): The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages

@@PerfectBrEAThER Most of the names you wrote are languages, not branches. Maybe next time stay silent if you know nothing about the topic.

Indeed. It has been a pleasant surprise.

I don't know how linguists define those terms but I think the border between "different languages" and "same language different dialect" is not that easy to determine and comes more like a spectrum. I heard that there are even arguments for many of the Italian languages for both sides (one being they are just dialects and other that they are just languages similar to each other like Spanish and Italian for example, but closer). For example, no unprepared Greek would be able to understand Socrates while speaking not just because the words are different but because the whole pronunciation has changed quite drastically. Also "ancient Greek" is not really a single language nor it is tied to a single era, so further specifications are important. Byzantine Greek are much closer to modern Greek for example and perhaps most Greeks can understand a large portion of them (especially the older ones who grew up with Katharevousa). TLDR: to put it simple the answer is "yes and no" depending on context (though I am not a linguist and that's just an educated guess/opinion of mine on the matter)

If we exclude the pronunciation,we Greeks can read and understand the ancient Greek even of Homer, very well.And No ,we use very few Turkish words with n some our places , and these are disappearing year per year.

Considerate, thank you.

Nice.

rather wrinkles ;.)