This video is killer at 4am. It will help with my lab tomorrow.

4:45 for myself!

For myself, Thanksgiving

I started about 5 or 6 mins before 4am.

I know, right? Those trays are the worst.

@@RobertBaruch I have been pondering lining those plastic trays with anti-static foam. Has the advantage of allow multiple values in the same tray and never out of place.

I don't think those small pins even can carry 74amps😂

Incidentally, I came across a data sheet yesterday for a water cooled tetrode tube with an anode dissipation of 1500kw. That's not a typo, 1.5 megawatts. Hands down the beefiest non-industrial component I've seen.

please make video about component. share with the world.

You're. =)

Learned. =)

@@halonothing1 Bzzt no but thank you for playing! :D Both are accepted, just different ones in different English-speaking countries. If you really wanted to score a point you'd say "quickly" :P

@@RobertBaruch I did not know that. Thanks for sharing. I wasn't trying to score a point or come off as pedantic as most people do. I correct people, because I would want them to do the same for me if I was using some word incorrectly. I know a lot of people try to use it as a form of elitism. But not me.

@@halonothing1 :) No worries. I used to get annoyed at incorrect English. Then I just sort of lost the will to care.

It's harder with new boards to insert TO-220 packages. I find it helps to stick a jumper in the hole and wiggle it around a bit to loosen up the copper fins inside. The downside to using a large gauge pin like on a TO-220 is the fins will always be loose after that, so anything you try putting in that's a smaller gauge doesn't make proper contact. It's a real bitch if it happens on your power rails. Took me forever to figure out why my circuits kept working intermittently when that happened. Also, metal sliding on paper isn't going to create much of a static charge, if that's what you're implying. ESD isn't really something that's a huge issue for hobbyists anyways. I'm not saying you shouldn't be aware of it, but the scare mongering surrounding ESD is blown way out of proportion.

Michael Smith Sorry to say your grammar, spelling and syntax is appalling for an intellectual. But, I must endorse your praise for the well delivered video.

You're correct. When the MOSFET is wired properly, that diode would protect the junction from flyback voltage.

It is a parasitic component! There is a substrate with some conductivity (let's say P for N-MOS). Then you have a P channel between D and S on the substrate (yes, they are symetric). But you drive the ransistor by electric field between the gate and the substrate so it is connected to the S. But there's a PN junction between the substrate and the channel. On the S side it is short, on the D side it acts as a diode... For the switching supplies there are extra types that uses this diode and some of them has schottky diode inside ( FETKY ) When you have to eliminate that (e.g. if you have to switch off the battery without charge/discharge over the MOSFET) you have to use two FETs in series with connected gates and connected by sources together. It slower, it has biggest price, it has double lost but it works...

@@wmellick it won't help much for protecting from a switched relay. Vgs will be pretty high. An undamped automotive relay can easily spike 300V when turned off. Always clamp your load, don't rely on the body diode.

Could you please explain TRIAC data sheet too ! I recently used a triac and couldn't turn if off with my microcontroller although i could turn it on !

Apon further investigation it turns out the mosfet is indeed malfunctioning someway, as i tried another one of the same kind and it did stay on after voltage was take off the gate. Tried the suspected overheated one agin to make sure and sure enough it turns off as soon as you remove the voltage. Fascinating, I kind of like the way the broken one reacts, turning off right away. I wonder how it broke inside to make this behaviour? and if theres an application for it? hmmm

Think of the mosfet like a switch. When the mosfet is on, you've basically shorted the LED out so it cannot light up.

Mosfets and any modern chip should be stored in a static-safe container -- most modern digital chips are made of mosfets. Generally, diodes, bipolar transistors, and passives don't need static-safe containment.

Thank you

Try this, substituting the transistor. Maybe it will work. Maybe it won't! We learn by failing! users.skynet.be/BillsPage/TeslaPage.html

THANK YOU. It's nice to see somebody being reasonable about the risk of an ESD for once. I just replied to another comment about how cringey it was when he slid the FETs on a piece of paper. I rarely store my active components in proper ESD safe packaging. Most of them are in plain ziplock bags cuz ESD bags won't fit in my parts bin's drawers. In the 3 years I've been doing this, I've never once had an issue with an ESD. Even in the dead of Winter when the air's so dry it gives me nosebleeds. The scaremongering regarding ESD gets ridiculous. The most I do is make sure to discharge myself on a grounded piece of metal before I handle anything. Especially if, for example, I just took off my sweater and I can hear/feel the static on me. And more often than not, I do get a big spark when I discharge myself like that. But even then, unless I'm referencing a circuit to Earth, which I never do, it's not very likely I'll have an ESD into anything.

@@halonothing1 Many years ago had a chat with a disk drive installer on IBM mainframes. He was all earthed out and strapped up. I asked about the static risk and he said that while it was rare for a device to fail during handling they did experience damage which shortened their life or reduced their operating parameters. So I always adhere to static handling advice.

Probably for driving loads like DC motors from a microcontroller, or in protection circuits

It's an arbitrary choice. At 5V, the max current is going to be approximately 15mA (5V/330R = .015A). Max power dissipation would be 5*.015 or 75mW. It's all about Ohms Law. You could easily select a 1K resistor and the LED would still be plenty bright enough. A lot of people go to silly lengths to get the LED current at a full 20mA (often the limit). This is a needless waste of electricity and the LED life will be greatly shortened. I find that most LEDs look fine with only 1mA of current. You should be able to find plenty of videos showing more details on how to select the "right" resistor. If your using battery power, you'd probably want to use as large a resistor you can, that gives suitable brightness. You'd also probably want to put the LED in seties with the resistor and drain so that power is dissipated only when the LED is switched on, not all the time.

Keep it simple :) I think you want to compare your voltage to some other voltage you can set. A simple LM2903 comparator would work. Look for a circuit called "comparator with hysteresis" since you don't want the output clicking on and off rapidly when the voltage is approximately equal. Then keep it really simple by adding a heavy-duty relay that the comparator can drive. You would drive the coil in the relay with a mosfet! Search for "relay driver mosfet" and you'll get tons of ideas. Good luck!

Lol I don’t know what I’m doing 11:52

Now I see I may have blow it out by using a heat gun to extract the part

I thought it was because the source is where the electrons come from, inside the device. (Probably it was named by people who were intimately familiar with semiconductor physics, and not so much with conventional circuit design)

Alex C As I said, thinking *conventional current* - ie. opposite the direction in which actual electrons go - the Source is where (conventional!) current comes out of and the Drain is where (conventional!) current goes into. So: actual electrons flow into the Source and out of the the Drain. Sure, it's a mishap that this "conventional current" vs actual electron flow came up in the first place, but we're stuck with it since, I think, Benjamin Franklin. But in fact, it doesn't really matter, and you'll get used to it eventually.

The source terminal is where the charge carriers for the current within the FET come from, during normal operation. It's the same for N- and P- channel devices. You're sort of talking about current "outside" of the MOSFET, and yeah, electrons will flow into the source and out of the drain on the outside, but change it to a P-channel device (and flip the resistor and transistor) and it'd be the other way around.

The "Load", which DRAIN the voltage in a useful manner, is (generally) toward the DRAIN pin of the MOSFET, while the SOURCE is connected toward the voltage SOURCE (and not toward the "load" which drains the supplied power). For a N-Chanel, the SOURCE pin is connected toward the N_egative side of that battery, as N is N; and for a P-Chanel, the Source pin of the MOSFET is connected toward the P_ositive side of the battery, as P is P. For a N-Chanel, the "Load" is thus (in general) at a higher voltage than the MOSFET (the load is said to be at the high side), while for P-Chanel, the "Load" is at a lower voltage than the transistor (the load is said to be at a low side). So, if you prefer to consider the conventional current, for any reason, for a N-Chanel MOSFET, the conventional current is generally from drain pin to source pin (against the arrow on the symbol) while, for a P-chanel, the conventional current is from source to drain (along the arrow on the symbol). Note, though, that for P-chanel, MOST datasheets consider that the current is still positive from drain pin to source pin, so the value given are ... negative... on the datasheet. MOST... but not all. And it is confusing MOST of the time :-) *About the arrow*, I am used to the symbol with the grid like pattern for an enhanced MOSFET. There are some symbols using the REVERSE direction for the arrow just to add to the confusion, as if it was needed. The author of this video uses these symbols while I was having in mind the grid like symbol (as at www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/2N/2N7000.pdf for example, for a N Chanel), so the arrow direction is all but confusing, without a specific drawing. If you assume that a N Chanel matches a NPN BJT, you have to admit that the arrows directions are ... reversed ! at least, if you take the symbol given in the datasheet, as given here up.

+Persona, +snnwstt So, are you saying that my little mnemonic ain't working for P-channel? To be honest, I have to think it over almost every time again, it is confusing. And right now, I am confused again.

Actually, yes way, but only for very short periods, as long as you keep Tj below 175C. It'll be fine.

@@tonyfremont Yes! and if you immerse the circuit board it in liquid nitrogen (I would prefer HFC refrigerants) You can really CRANK UP the amplifier! or run your CPU clock at ~ten GHz ;) Just don't try liquid Helium! Too cold! and too close to absolute zero, Quantum issues!

Different technology, different words.

Because a MOSFET is not a bipolar transistor.

@@wmellick and the turn signal in my car is also a blinker and a lamp on intermittent cycle.....

Because transistors are current controlled, but mosfet are voltage controlled. So the emiter gets the current from base and collector, but the source only gets the current from the drain. Using the same words to different behaviours would be confusing.

To be honest, I like to see how he builds the schematics. It takes just a bit more time and explanation which makes it a bit easier to follow along. I'm a programmer. I know a bit about electronics, but hardly anything about schematics. Once I'm more experienced with this stuff I would probably agree with you. But since I'm almost a total beginner I prefer the way he did it :)