Pipeline PCB Solder & Test - Making an 8 Bit pipelined CPU - Part 83

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James Sharman

James Sharman

3 роки тому

At the end of the last CPU video I unboxed a full set of PCB's for the pipeline, so it was inevitable that the next video would be soldering them up. This was actually a little scary, I like to build things incrementally and test at each step but here I had to solder all the boards and test them in one go.
1:54 Backplane
9:05 stage 0 - fetch
13:50 stage 1
22:13 stage 2
27:47 finish and test
Soldering the backplane I lost my main mic feed, so apologies that the audio quality isn't as good.

КОМЕНТАРІ: 111
@jaythomas3180
@jaythomas3180 3 роки тому
The part where you tore out the old breadboards gave me frightening flashbacks to ripping the massive wire looms out one of my old pinball machine. It was such a relief to see it all come back together!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
That was indeed nerve wracking, but I was confident I could get all the connections remade if I needed to. The new boards needing to work seemed like the bigger risk. That pinball machine sounds like an interesting job.
@acmelab68
@acmelab68 3 роки тому
I can't thank you enough for all these great videos. And again - what a progress! Man - you've got far too few subscribers.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Andreas! I'm not sure what counts as too few or too many subscribers? It's great that people are interested.
@sqlcactuss
@sqlcactuss 3 роки тому
No joke. This is just bonkers to watch and enjoy. There has to be more than the 2.3k people subscribed who would totally support James in this truly amazing task.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
@@sqlcactuss Maybe, but they are probably having fun watching cat videos ;-)
@michaelt126
@michaelt126 3 роки тому
after a long binge of cat videos, ive arrived
@zeroumus
@zeroumus Рік тому
stacking the boards like that is genius
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Рік тому
Thanks!
@petesapwell
@petesapwell 2 роки тому
Your joy was absolutely apparent and deserved, lovely work James :)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 2 роки тому
Thanks Pete! This one was a big deal to me as well!
@guntherschadow9383
@guntherschadow9383 3 роки тому
Wow, the way you just use hot air to solder makes me want to move to surface mount too. I have never seen that. It's nice to not to have to touch every pin with the iron any more.
@lawrencemanning
@lawrencemanning 3 роки тому
All you need is a couple of practice boards, some paste, tweezers and a hot air rework station. It's easier then it looks. Assuming you don't go silly small like 0402. :)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Before trying hot air it's worth practicing drag soldering of smd. Maybe watch some of my earlier video where I was doing that, anything prior to the bus control pcb was hand soldered. You can even see my first ever smd hand soldering for the first revision of my address registers.
@guntherschadow9383
@guntherschadow9383 3 роки тому
@@lawrencemanning yes, I noticed this stuff works so well that the pieces are self-aligning just by force of the surface tension or something.
@edgeeffect
@edgeeffect 3 роки тому
"If in doubt, bathe it in flux" makes me think of diodeGoneWild and his "moooore roooosiin, moooore rooosiiin"
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Lol, I don't know the reference but the sentiment sounds about right!
@mrengstad
@mrengstad 3 роки тому
I have been looking forward to this one. I enjoyed watching it during my Sunday morning chill hours. Keep it up!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks, good to hear it's an enjoyable watch. I appreciate the support.
@rrjmdPA
@rrjmdPA Рік тому
You know, the thought occurs to me - I scrubbed in for an open heart surgery back in the day and had less overall angst than watching you manhandle the heart out of that thing! What a testosterone laden thing to do!!!!!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Рік тому
I have no idea how to take this comment.
@UnexpectedMaker
@UnexpectedMaker 3 роки тому
Fantastic result! Amazing how much less space it all takes!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Seon! Actually the space reduction ratio is not as good as for many of the other modules because I'm still using dip28 eeprom's. I'm hoping the ALU will pack down a bit more.
@lawrencemanning
@lawrencemanning 3 роки тому
Those AT28C256s are available in socketable PLCC32. Would have saved a bit of room. Still, I think it'll be a good size when it's all "done". Small enough to sit next to your keyboard whilst you write code for it but big enough to easily see each part. Or wall mount it. :)
@dennisdecoene
@dennisdecoene 3 роки тому
James, that is amazing. Every time I see a notification you uploaded something, I know I'm in for a treat. Mind boggling stuff. Every time. Little jealous of your skill!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Dennis, glad it's still interesting for you. Seriously though, if I can do this, anyone can ;-)
@edgeeffect
@edgeeffect 3 роки тому
Sam from "Look Mum, no computer" always end his videos with ".... and don't be scared to try it!" (Sorry... I appear to have gone quote crazy today)
@edgeeffect
@edgeeffect 3 роки тому
I love how the microcode EEPROMs remain as a relic of the breadboard version.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Edgeeffect! I know I could have used smaller EEPROMs but then I'd need to use an adapter to program them, dip28 packages for rom just feel more "right" for an 8-bit cpu.
@paulodagraca3469
@paulodagraca3469 3 роки тому
You are at some level mate, great Job! Did see some pins not soldered perfect, like at 5.32 and at 27.18 Think you have fixed it already off video, because it works fine. Again, fantastic Job!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Paulo! I had a look at the time indexes you specified, I think I can see the pins you mean, if so they are soldered ok. What tends to happen with those pins is the solder is first sucked into plated hole, it then starts to form a bulge at the top or the bottom. I have a slightly different perspective than the camera so perhaps I can see that bit better. That said I'll take a close look again next time I have the boards out of the build.
@paulodagraca3469
@paulodagraca3469 3 роки тому
@@weirdboyjim all is perfect and works so i do think you are right. Looking back again, yes the solder does seem have gone inside. Do not worry about it, i am sorry to have mentioned it, seems it was good in the first place. Cheers mate.
@alistairpotts2026
@alistairpotts2026 3 роки тому
Well done again, that's a lovely looking set of pipeline boards. I'm both pleased and slightly envious of your boards working first time. I don't think the first revision of _any_ of my boards after the first one have worked properly! Really looking forward to the finished clock circuit.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Alistair! To be honest, I feel like I'm overdue an epic pcb fail. I'd like the clock and ALU to fill the space bellow the pipeline (Or maybe above if I move the pipeline down for the final backplane) which means I need to do some high level planning on all of them before I can really fill any of them in.
@jerril42
@jerril42 3 роки тому
Thanks James. That is awesome. I'm glad it came together with a only a couple of snags. Take care.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Jerril! I too am glad about that! ;-)
@AJB2K3
@AJB2K3 3 роки тому
Nice work, and glad to see it runs!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Adam! It was a big relief to see it run for me as well! As far as I'm concerned the project is living on borrowed time, I'm way overdue a pcb fail. ;-)
@AJB2K3
@AJB2K3 3 роки тому
@@weirdboyjim as you as you create content and have people to watch, you are never on borrowed time.
@AjinkyaMahajan
@AjinkyaMahajan 3 роки тому
I will be awaiting to see it generating VGA and Sound. Cheers ✨✌
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
It will indeed. The plans are there, but trying to keep my eyes on the day to day, vga will be the last big circuit for this thing I do.
@TheEmbeddedHobbyist
@TheEmbeddedHobbyist 3 роки тому
If the headers are on a 0.1" pitch I use vero-board to hold them it place. Or just a finger and solder 1 pin. been doing it that way since I started way back when. :) (Started in the electronic engineering in 1976) Never used bluetak as it leaves an oily film on the board, and solder does love a clean board.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Vero-board sounds good as long as you keep all your pins aligned to the grid. If I wasn't recording I'd use the "finger and solder 1 pin" method but it makes for a horrible video flipping the board for every connector. I used to use breadboards but I've destroyed a couple letting them get too hot.
@TheEmbeddedHobbyist
@TheEmbeddedHobbyist 3 роки тому
@@weirdboyjim same with the sockets the heat does not do them any good either if you use them more than a few times. can't count the number of little white burns from the pin's
@brandonmack111
@brandonmack111 3 роки тому
Awesome! Great to see it working with the new board. That pipeline looks great now! :)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
It does indeed! Thanks as always Brandon!
@andrewwatts1997
@andrewwatts1997 3 роки тому
That is some great progress !!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Andrew! Every new pcb feels like a step closer to finishing!
@wthrwyz
@wthrwyz 3 роки тому
"If in doubt, bathe it in flux." Sounds like Rossman's Rule to me.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
I heard Louis is going to release his own line of all-in-one body wash/shampoo/flux
@wthrwyz
@wthrwyz 3 роки тому
@@weirdboyjim When I read the YT notification for this I was taking a sip of coffee. Let's just say that if my phone wasn't waterproof, you'd be owing me a new one. I'm still laughing! I also wouldn't be too surprised if that actually happened.
@Bob_Burton
@Bob_Burton 3 роки тому
A technique that I have used when soldering turned pin sockets that needed to be absolutely at right angles to the board onto a PCB is to plug other pin header strips into them at right angles spanning at least 2 sockets. That guarantees the alignment. The most extreme case was soldering 64 individual sockets onto a PCB in an 8 x 8 grid when building an 8 x 8 x8 LED cube. To make things worse the individual sockets had been removed from their plastic holders
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
That sounds like a nightmare soldering job! The 16x16 grid I did for the first diode matrix video was pretty tough.
@Bob_Burton
@Bob_Burton 3 роки тому
@@weirdboyjim Soldering 512 LEDs, each of which needed testing first, certainly got a bit boring after a while, but I got there in the end. I won't be rushing to build another one ! I was pleased how the 8 x 8 grid of sockets that the LED cube plugs into turned out compared with my previous problems with a 4 x 4 x 4 cube aligning the 16 sockets by eye and trying to hold them at 90 degrees in two directions whilst soldering them on the other side of the board
@indigonils
@indigonils 3 роки тому
Amazing and beautiful and awesome!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Vortex, I appreciate it.
@lawrencemanning
@lawrencemanning 3 роки тому
An alternative way of managing headers is to slightly offset them so that the friction of the pins in the holes stops them falling out. Learned that one from UnexpectedMaker. Awesome video. You continue to amaze and inspire. :)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
I've seen that pin offset technique as well, I want to give it a try some time but I'd have to make my own component symbols for EasyEda to do that. Of course if I had I might not have been able to work around that mistake quite as easily. ;-) Thanks for the kind words!
@edgeeffect
@edgeeffect 3 роки тому
I always solder in just one pin any old wonky way... cover the joint in lashings of flux.... then hold the iron to the joint whilst pressing down the other end or the middle of the header with my finger.... it sounds haphazard and is quite difficult to describe.... but it works.
@rrjmdPA
@rrjmdPA Рік тому
If the closed foam pad doesn't work like I mentioned above - I guess you've already tried the gentle nudge to bend a couple pins ever so outward (or inward) just enough that they rub against the wall of the hole. That always worked for me in the olden days and it worked every time. Pins really don't care if they're straight. Didn't need much. [Of course that was back when we used spit for flux and currency was real metal]
@FrankGevaerts
@FrankGevaerts 3 роки тому
Looks perfect!
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks for your support as always Frank!
@JonnyBergdahl
@JonnyBergdahl 3 роки тому
Congratulations for not screwing up anything important! I tend to get to rev. C before my PCB's are 100% correct. :-)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Jonny! It obviously helps to work out the kinks in the circuit on the breadboards first, I'm doing more changes on the pcb's now so it's only a matter of time before I mess something serious up. I might redo that pipeline backplane sooner rather than later though, I'll be doing a similar backplane for the ALU so I may as well do a combined one.
@JonnyBergdahl
@JonnyBergdahl 3 роки тому
Yeah, that is usually where my rev B and C comes from. "If I am doing another ev anyway, why not just add this and this?" and then I end up with rev. C that fixes the problems of the newly added stuff. :-)
@twobob
@twobob Рік тому
22:54 first time I ever saw you use the microscope to position the mask. LEVEL UP! Nice..... "If in doubt: Bathe it in flux" Amen brother
@twobob
@twobob Рік тому
Never was a man more in dire need of a preheater
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Рік тому
It does help! I don't always show it in the final cut though,
@genxtech5584
@genxtech5584 3 роки тому
Very satisfying. While not the most interesting video in the series as a viewer it's probably the most satisfying one as the builder. HUGE accomplishment here. What microscope are you using? Are you happy with it?
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
I know some videos are not for everyone, I want this series to be a full record of the build but I'm still trying to find the right way to spread out some bits. The microscope is an ebay job. The listing I bought from isn't there but this matches it (www.ebay.co.uk/itm/392969602731). I liked the thin profile for being less instrusive, but including the zoomed copy makes the soldering videos a bit more interesting.
@pierrerebut7294
@pierrerebut7294 3 роки тому
Hi there, thank you for your videos, there are very helpful. I'm trying to create an 8 Bit CPU like yours and I have a question. I already created a prototype breadboard version of my CPU and I try to create a PCB version on EasyEDA like you. What track, via and clearance sizes should I choose ?. I don't know a lot about electricity. Thanks in advance for your help and thanks again for your videos.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks for the kind words Pierre. The settings you are asking about are the result of many factors. At low voltages clearance is mostly about what your pcb manufacturer can reliably do, when starting out it's usually best to error on the side of caution. Track width in combination with the thickness will determine the resistance and current carrying capacity of the trace. For a logic line on the kind of circuits I'm making it's largely irrelevant but I usually try and make my power lines little thicker. For the most part the defaults will probably be fine for most uses, once you need to move away from them you'll know your reason and what you need. In Easyeda, the software I use the defaults are Track Width (0.26mm), Clearence (0.16mm), Via Diameter (0.61mm), Via Drill Diameter (0.31mm)
@theEx0du5
@theEx0du5 8 місяців тому
"Let's be bold!"
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 7 місяців тому
Of Course!
@guntherschadow9383
@guntherschadow9383 3 роки тому
May I ask, because I couldn't clearly see it: where do you actually describe your instruction set architecture? I want to know how you map the 8 bit instruction words to register addresses, etc. I just gleaned here that in every pipeline step you just have an EEPROM which drives the control lines. And what I like about this -- even though I am still griping about the benefit of pipelining, what I really like is that this approach might reduce the need for multiple EEPROMs to get more than 8 control lines asserted, also, it is much better than a micro-coded multi-cycle execution architecture. I.e., instead of having multiple microcode steps (as in the Ben Eater CPU) we break this up into pipeline steps and that way we can use some CPU resources in parallel. This is compelling. But anyway, I still don't know what your ISA is, can you put a link here to the episode where you explain that? Thanks.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
There isn't a specific video on isa. It's a little more ad-hoc, using the rom's as programmable control logic makes the bit patterns on the instructions of less relevance. I first talk about it in "First Execution!" (ukposts.info/have/v-deo/m5aGn4efsHdmt2w.html) but I'm mostly just adding instructions as I add the physical functionality.
@theowinters6314
@theowinters6314 2 роки тому
Watching you build all these boards has me really starting to think about using surface mount components in the future. Also, I've been wondering, if you're looking to get a bit more room, why don't you put the caps on the back side of the board? (I'm sure there is a good reason, but I don't know what that would be).
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 2 роки тому
You could do, for a while I was putting resistors on the back. Only thing I would say is that a little bit of space around the parts helps with the routing.
@axelBr1
@axelBr1 Рік тому
Decoupling capacitors should be as close to Vcc as possible.
@TomStorey96
@TomStorey96 3 роки тому
Blu-tac works well for holding things in place while you solder them. Do you use the microscope to see what you are doing when placing components, or is that just for our viewing pleasure? Watching you assemble these boards gives me a lot of confidence that I can do it myself when I get the opportunity to try! Definitely need to get a little microscope for when I do. Really good to see it work out of the box. This is getting too easy 😄
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Tom! I use blu-tac sometimes but the pcb method actually works really well if you just happen to have 3 spare pcb's around. The microscope is half and half, most of the time I'm placing with eyes but I've picked mistakes up with the microscopy on inspection that I wouldn't have seen otherwise. I got it to edit the video feed in, I think it makes for a far more interesting video.
@lawrencemanning
@lawrencemanning 3 роки тому
@@weirdboyjim do you get any latency on the USB video? I bought a USB scope and it was useless for anything other then inspection because of the latency. I ended up with one with a built in LCD which is great except for any kind of real time capture to a PC. ;) (Sadly it lacks HDMI out)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
I've not noticed much latency although I'm usually looking directly at it and just checking bits occasionally on the scope.
@SlykeThePhoxenix
@SlykeThePhoxenix 3 роки тому
@@weirdboyjim What microscope is it?
@rrjmdPA
@rrjmdPA Рік тому
too late to matter here but.... have you thought of using a pad of some type of styrofoam to hold those pins steady. seems like they would stick in and hold still and you could stop fussing. you could be careful enough with heat i think. might consider for future - at least i hope there's more
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Рік тому
Flexible materials hold it just as well at the wrong angle
@rimmersbryggeri
@rimmersbryggeri Рік тому
I kow thi is a very old video but I think i heard somewhere that a dab of CA gel glue is good for holding both sockets and SMD components to a board for soldering.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Рік тому
Later on I use solder paste and a hot plate, that works really well!
@rimmersbryggeri
@rimmersbryggeri Рік тому
@@weirdboyjim yeah I saw that its a great thing . I'm going to convert my contact grill into a ho tplate when I get a new one. Doesnt work for the sockets/ headers though.
@PaulasTechStuff
@PaulasTechStuff 3 роки тому
Awesome work, curious if you’re going to sell PCBs and share eprom code?
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Paula! I've shared a preview of the assembler and rom generator code with people who have asked nicely. I'm not sure if I want to get into selling stuff, but many of the PCB's you only need a single one of. Not sure trying to build one of these as is the smartest idea but I do share my design files. Take a look here: easyeda.com/weirdboyjim
@PaulasTechStuff
@PaulasTechStuff 3 роки тому
@@weirdboyjim Thanks!! I will certainly be building one once I've finished mine :)
@twobob
@twobob Рік тому
"I wonder if the orientation matters" Naaaaaah you can fit them tombstone style to get better RF characteristics (REF: "Eevblog speaks to The Signal Path lab", recent video) Good enough for Landannnn ;)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Рік тому
Component orientation matters to the commenters even if it doesn't matter electrically!
@twobob
@twobob Рік тому
@@weirdboyjim Indeed, but it is kind of fascinating that they can be used "on end" to adjust their physical in-circuit characteristics. "Electrons falling out" or not ;)
@charlesanthony3248
@charlesanthony3248 3 роки тому
Are you maintaining online documentation of the instruction set? And your assembler? Publish that and some software might start appearing....
@lawrencemanning
@lawrencemanning 3 роки тому
I was wondering the same. I have a pretty good idea of the ISA but it would be terrific to see it documented on a couple of pages. :)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Not really documentation but I have a clear record of it all offline. All the instruction adding has been done "on camera" so we can call that documentation right? Maybe I'll right it up when I get time.
@adammercer9679
@adammercer9679 3 роки тому
Same thing with NOR gates, right? You can use them in the same way as NAND gates.
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Indeed! You can prove that easily, you can make an inverter with a NAND gate or NOR gate by joining the inputs. Then you can turn a NAND gate into a NOR gate (or the reverse) by adding inverts to the inputs and output. Those two facts let you prove that any circuit you can make with one can be made with the other.
@edgeeffect
@edgeeffect 3 роки тому
I can never remember which way round it is but the first computer to use ICs, the Apollo AGC was almost entirely NOR or NAND gates.
@lawrencemanning
@lawrencemanning 3 роки тому
@@edgeeffect NORs I believe. That can be James's next project. After that, discrete transistors. :)
@twobob
@twobob Рік тому
My Studio ear says you ran the audio at 50% speed sometimes ;)
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim Рік тому
Unintentionally. I usually do a speedup of the main footage but use a segment of unchanged audio
@twobob
@twobob Рік тому
@@weirdboyjim Yeah. It happens twice when you are running silence at the start. Sorry, it was my studio knee Jerking.
@sebastianyoung2404
@sebastianyoung2404 3 роки тому
I like your header method, really elegant! But I was thinking you could use a board (Like wood) to place on top of them, then flip it all upside down like a cake? Could work! They're bastards at the best of times :( hahaha
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Thanks Sebastian! That would probably work well for the female turned pin headers, but for the males or the Dupont style females I think there is too big a risk that they will tilt. The benefit of the 3 pcb's methid is that the pins are held strait(ish).
@brandonbronisz7002
@brandonbronisz7002 3 роки тому
Any plans to sell this as a kit? I’d love to buy one
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Not something I've given thought to. I want to finish it first but I'm not sure this build would be very kit suitable. I have some plans to make a future build that may be more accessible.
@charlottesuleyman887
@charlottesuleyman887 3 роки тому
Hi Guys 😍💋 💝💖
@weirdboyjim
@weirdboyjim 3 роки тому
Well hello there automated post bot, have you come here to learn about your ancestry?
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