Several visigoths nobles competing for power actually assisted and helped guide the Muslim conquerers, providing them with intel on locations deep in the peninsula. Also worth mentioning that the Spanish jews sided with the Muslims.

Rodriguez is one of the most common surnames in Spain, Rodriguez means son of Rodrigo and Rodrigo comes from Visigothic name Roderic so Rodriguez is a surname of Germanic origin.

What happened to the Christian majority in Turkey and all throughout the Byzantine empire?

Very informative, thank you! As always the maps and other graphics are well done and a tremendous help. One thing that would help your videos tremendously is less reliance on passive voice. It produces sentences that sound pretentious and indecisive.

A lot of people don't usually think about this but the Spanish conquest of America (or Americas) has to do a lot with the methods that the Romans and Arabs used in the peninsula rather than comparing them to the British or French. That is why indigenous tribe leaders that sweared loyalty to the Castilian crown where made nobles and the indigenous government structure was kept with the addition of race mixing of the indigenous elites and later a race mixing in the community as a whole lo create a unique identity with the Catholic Church and the Castilian crowns as a glue. It also explains why the Castilian crown became so obsessed with Catholicism, they knew religion and language were dividing factors so made sure to get rid of anything that did not align with the Kigdom.

One important fact that hasn’t been mentioned in your presentation is that the Northern region of Asturias was never conquered by the Muslim. In fact that’s the region where the “re-conquest” of Iberia begun to develop.

Illustrative documentary. Thank you

It was great, thanks for your effort, blessed be you 👍🌷

Fun fact: Most of the Bosnian Jews, mainly in Sarajevo are descendants of the expelled Spanish Jews. Sadly a lot of them were killed during Holocaust in WW2.

The Arabic influence in Spanish is primarily lexical. Is estimated that around 4,000 Spanish words have some kind of Arabic influence-8% of the Spanish dictionary. Approximately 1,000 of those have Arabic roots, while the other 3,000 are derived words.

Thank you for this breakdown. Really interesting. Eager to know more 👍🏾

Very well done, this was a very good historic summary.

You mentioned at first how the "Spaniards" at first were fighting each other which lead to the weakening of modern Spain, but you didn't mention how the Muslims got weaker from fighting each other? The Muslims did the same thing the Visigoths were doing to each other before the Muslim conquest to Spain and Portugal.

Note, the Umayyads, did NOT take the whole of the Iberian peninsula in 711, you seem to have completely overlooked that in the North, in Oviedo, the Christian Visigoths of the region put up a fight and defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Covadonga, preventing them from total control of the peninsula as they were rebuffed by the small newly formed Kingdom of Asturias led by the victor the battle, Pelagius .

Found so much world history when I started family genealogy about four years ago. I have data for three areas that you show: Spain, North Africa and the Ottoman Empire. Recently, I had a blessing of buying a National Geographic magazine of November 1986 from a bookstore: Our Search for the True Columbus Landfall. Your info of January and March 1492 gives me a little more information of what was going on with Isabella and Ferdinand, and why they finally gave into Columbus. Here “we” are with technology to send people to the Moon, and machines to Mars, and yet these persons, such as Columbus, are crossing “the ocean blue in 1492” with their technology. It’s amazing!!!

Great video 👍

Asturias and Cantabria weren't part of Al-Andalus, they were a Christian stronghold during the Muslim occupation of the Iberian Peninsula. The "Cantabrian Refuge" was so well-protected it was the last region in western Europe conquered by the Roman Empire.

Good video, although it's clearly incomplete. One can not discuss what happened to the muslims of Al-Andalus without talking about the actual Morocco. Cities like Tetouan and Tangier in the north of Morocco have a huge andalusian influence, which was brought by the expelled muslims. Fez as well, and even Tlemçen in Algeria also kept several andalusian traditions and some of the notable families still have unchanged spanish family names like Torres, Perez, Toledano (which means "from Toledo")... It is said that some families still have the keys to their homes in the kingdom of Granada, as a symbol of their andalusian origins.

I also suggest an episode on what happened to the Christian majority of the Byzantine Empire

Fascinating history clearly explained by an excellent narrator. Thank you!

I am Brazilian, but on my father's side, the family came from southern Spain, from Granada. They were moors many centuries prior. Supposedly, according to family legend, they were corsairs who served the Spanish crown during the age of sail.

That's some cool history, kinda leads us back to the future, so to speak. 👍 thx.

During the nineteen fifties across North Africa and the Middle East in general the population was twenty percent non Muslim. Today that is one percent, no-one asking where those people went.

Very well described.😇 Great work and very professional.🙏

Thank you for those who translated the video to Spanish. Very useful!

Many people don't realize modern day Spanish has fractions of Gothic loanwords in it as a result of the Suevians & Visigoth presense for over 350 years after the fall of Rome.

Thank you for this interesting historical breakdown. 🇪🇸🤜💥🤛🇵🇹 It seems that a large portion of your comments section should create a history channel themselves. Bark & no bite is my theory on that.

Really informative, thank you

The video is very good, the historical knowledge about the war is good and easy to absorb. I hope the channel grows more and more🤗🤗🤗🤗

800 years Arab Muslims ruled Spain & Portugal (Andalus). But there was not even a single native Muslim left in Europe (except the migration of modern times)after Ferdinand & Isabella captured it again. But you can see tens of thousands of native Christians in Lebanon,Syria,Morocco, Tunisia,Palestine,Jordan and in Egypt. Which shows who were tolerent and who were intolerent in the past ?

nice video

Excellent work, thanks

Overall a really well made and informative summary of the topic. Though very disappointed at the lack of mention of King Pelayo, the Kingdom of Asturias and the Battle of Covadonga which is considered by many to be the start of the Reconquista and the sole reason why, for better or for worse, Hispanic culture/civilisation even exists in the first place today!

Thankyou you help me alot with my exams 😃🙌❣💯

It may well be that this is a case of borders changing over time, but I visited a city near the southern coast of Portugal many years ago (might have been Sintra?) & we went to a castle there - and it had been built by Muslims who were in control at the time - it had a very impressive water cistern, very interesting. So it must have been that the Muslim invasion did also happen to Portugal or that area was within Spanish territory at the time.

Great video and very informative.

Thanks for the interesting insight.

Segundo error. La ciudad de Bilbao, fue fundada en el año 1300, no existía en el Reino Visigodo de Hispania.

I was really wondering how things happened because of the game Crusader Kings. Now i know, thanks a lot!

In the video it shows Spanish jews go to Athens but as a Greek I can tell you the majority of them went to Thessaloniki and transformed the city into a cosmopolitan city with flourishing economy. Their population suffered a huge blow from the holocaust and nowdays only few remain there. However you can still see their marks on the city from it's former glory.

Good video. But I saw one minor error of this. The Kingdom of Asturias (718-1833) was never conquered nor they were park of moorish Iberia.

Fairly brief but accurate video. The Spanish language is incredibly similar to Italian, Portuguese and even French, and has very little to do with Arabic (in fact, it has inherited some dozens of words from Arabic but from a linguistic point of view is a totally different language). This can give us an idea to which extent both cultures were mixed, even though it cannot be denied the relevant impact of the Arabs within Architecture, Cuisine, Agriculture, Chemistry, and some other aspects in the Iberian Peninsula. The main roots of modern Spain come mainly from Rome though.

They were never a majority. While they could stay in many countries, such as North Africa, the Spaniards always knew they would eventually manage to oust them for good. And while it took a long time to end the task, all the time there was a new part reconquered. And the impulse was so strong that as soon as it was completed on they went to America.

Although the information in general was accurate, the maps were incorrect for 1035. Also, Spain as a political entity, did not come about until the late 15th century with the union of the Crowns of Aragon and Castile and the conquest of the Emirate of Granada. For centuries, there were five kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula: Portugal, Castile, Navarre, the Crown of Aragon (a confederation of the Kingdom of Aragon, the Catalan counties, Valencia and the Balearic Islands) and the Emirate of Granada.

Good video, thanks for bringing a very short summary about the Reconquista so that the Anglo-Jutosaxons understand it and promote part of the history of the Iberian Peninsula.

Majority Muslim in Iberia (Spain and Portugal) are local people from Vandals. They're converted to Islam because the Church and the nobles are always oppressed them. You can watch their history in "When Moors rules the Europe" by Bettany Hughes. The Vandals after Muslim are called Vandalusian or Andalusian, so their land become Al-Vandals or Al-Andalus.

Love your videos man!!!

They were mostly local Roman-Iberians and Goths, they adopted Islam and Christianity several times throw all those centuries, just like they left paganism, they left Christianity, and Islam after that to become Christians again.

6:07 I am a Spaniard and my family descends from Jewish emigrants (who probably went into exile to Spain after the destruction of Jerusalem by Emperor Hadrian) converted to Christianity by order of the Catholic kings. It is very interesting to see part of our history represented in this video! 👍

Empezamos mal con el título. ¿Cómo que la mayoría musulmana de España? Eso no es cierto, nunca hubo una mayoría musulmana en España otra cosa es que conquistaran la mayor parte de la península, pero España no dejó de ser cristiana e incluso había judíos.

FYI, the foundation date of Portugal is 1143. That of Spain, 1492. Portugal is roughly 350 years old than Spain. That's a lot, IMHO.

@8:02. "Indigenous Islam in Spain"? Correction: Islam was NOT Indigenous to Spain, it was imposed by the Islamic conquerors, as was stated earlier in this presentation.

Did you know that if you prove that you actually descend from those sephardic jews (Iberian Jews) that were expelled from the peninsula, the actual government of Spain will grant you citizenship for living here in Spain?? no test,no paperwork, no waiting, no nothing, just direct citizenship! Great video as alway! much love from Mallorca!

You jumped huge chunck of 800 years with other different events Can you please make a history video of what dynasties ruled spain or al andaluz

All very simplistic.

You seem viciously to ignore Portugal. The iberian peninsula accounts for three countries: Spain, Andorra AND Portugal.

Gone Reduced to atoms

we need this today

Can you create a video presentations of how the Spain conqured the Philippines

Good video :)

This the best event that happened in the history of Spain and Portugal.

Why do they always refer to the king and queen of Spain with the Italian translation of their names? It's something I have never been able to figure out. Their real names are Fernando and Isabel (Spanish), not Ferdinando and Isabella (Italian).

I'm surprised that no mention was made of the Almoravids and Almohads.

Great video. Can you please mention the TIME of these events? It's important for getting oriented.

Let's say that in fact Spain has been the only Nation in the world able to fight back the Islam expansion: from the Iberian peninsula, to Philippines, and the battle of Lepanto and sieges of Budapest, Wien, Castilnuovo, etc... in the middle. Long life Spain!!

Good video, just one point: Bilbao didn't even exist at 8th Century. The other cities some yes and some idk.

Lots of inconsistencies in this video. Firstly Al-Andalus never conquered the northernmost regions of the peninsula, Asturias, Aragón and others retained their independence and while we can speak in modern times of the process of "reconquista", this was never even an idea for those small Christian kingdoms vying for survival. Also, Castile was born alongside other kingdoms such as León and even Galicia, and ended up ruling over the others through marriage, force, etc. Spain wasn't a thing until a few centuries later. And why did you leave out Rossellón in France? Why did you use modern borders and cities?

I was going to say something, but after reading some of the other comments, I realize that there are some very knowledgeable people commenting, and that I am over my head here. Since my dad taught me that it is better to keep one’s mouth shut and have people wonder about one’s state of ignorance on a given subject, than to open one’s mouth and leave no doubt about one’s ignorance. So, everyone have a nice day.

La genética dice que el porcentaje de genes magrevies o árabes en la Península es mínimo. Las creencias cambian a conveniencia, pero el pueblo fue y sigue siendo ibero.

Do a video about the Irish soldiers who mutated to Mexican side, and what happened after the war

Fair and well narrated historical video👍👍

Actually "Spain" was not born after the conquest of Granada, as Castile and Aragon preserved their laws and institutions, sharing only their common king, for more than 2 centuries.

Watching this after what happened in France this week.

My ancestors and some of my people would use Aragon made/sourced soap from Castille, sometimes deemed Castille soap. Liquid it was to us as per military traditional reasons. It was/is tradition to only use it occasionally because our blood kin didn't make the soap themselves. The recipe became compromises. I still won't make it. It wasn't the recipe of my blood kin. I have my iwn version soap and try not to ever need to use soaps to survive.

As a Mexican-American events in Spain that long ago affected me personally of who I am and my heritage today. That is just mind boggling AMAZING !

There were some theological basis for the internecine strife among the Visigoths, as well as for the alliance between the Muslims and a faction of the Visigoths. These basis were the opposition between, on the one had, the non-trinitarian arian Christianity and the unity or tawhid of Muslims, and, on the other hand, the Catholic trinity of the Visigoths recently converted to Catholicism.

No mention of El Cid or Charlemagne? Not even Christopher Columbus and the discovery in 1492?

Sidi Ifni , a Spanish province in Morocco was returned to Morocco in 1969.

Fast forward a few centuries: I’m from Guatemala, my last name Alfaro is from a city from the same name in the county of La roja Spain, originally from the Arabic Al-farras which meant torch bearer… then adapted to Spanish Faro which means “lighthouse” or “beacon”… the AL remained to the point that “AL” means “to” and “faro” means “lighthouse” so together “Alfaro” means “to the lighthouse” (in a literal translation)….. similarly last names in Spanish also have either an occupation or trait that resonates with them (Herrera =“ herrero”= blacksmith) and so on….. historically Alfaro was of noble lineage but I’m pretty sure we’re bottom of the barrel to claim the Spanish throne (although we can battle royal it to settle it)

Would be nice if any information about Portugal were included, did it happened at the same time? What causes?

2:25 Existe una tumba en un convento de Viseu, Portugal, a nombre de Rodericus, rex visigotorum. No murió pues en batalla, si no años después, como monje.

Good for Spain.

now we need El Cid video, tho I don't think u do individual historical figures.

This was very interesting, despite the painful pronunciation of place names

No mention of Yusuf ibn tashfin. any reason?

Man, my criticism to this is that you failed to even mention Asturias, where the reconquest started.

Amazing

Plenty of Spanish and especially Portuguese Jews and Muslims in the North went to the nearest ports in France. It is suspected some coverted to the Protestant Huguenot religion in Catholic France. Then then went to the Netherlands, Southern England and Wales, Ireland and even Scotland where they had ben trading from ports in the Mediterranean for centuries.. Many ended up on the outpost Islands of the Azores and Madeira on ships and started the first whaling fleets. Then tried to go to Brazil.

I'm pretty sure it's the same thing that happened to the non muslims who were in the Iberian Penninsula before the invasion from north Africa.

Nice video, nicely narrated and animated. But my point is that the title is wrong, there never was a muslim majority, Spain was occupied by the moors, most muslims lived in the cities, not around the countryside, with the christian majority, essentially the rabble for the muslim ruling class, which still maintained strong links to the wider islamic world, in case they were to lose their position and wealth.

I live in Andalusia and never knew where the name came from, if you travel in the Las Alpujarras there are still churches with the Star of David and the Muslim crescent side by side.

Have any of you heard of library of cordoba and other libraries around the andalus? ))

What happened to Jews in Jordan, Syria, Morocco, Egypt, Lebanon, Iran, Afghanistan, Poland, Germany, Spain etc.,?

It would be very interesting to watch a video with reasoning of the expelings. I am sure there were more than just religious reasons.

Lots of factual errors here. Firstly the Muslims never conquered all of Spain. Asturias for example, was never taken by the Muslims. Secondly, many of the influential Muslims didn't come from North Africa, but they came from Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. Cordoba was the capital of Al Andaluz and the Caliphate was Persian, not North African. Lastly, more Witches died in England than Jews died in the Spanish inquisition.

Tariq bin ziyad was not a governor, he was a young man in the army(comander)

Why was the Inquisition not mentioned?

Some also made their way to the colonies in the Americas. While remaining Christian their surnames reflected their actual ancestry, such as Salazar (Sal--son of--Azar).

How about the Barbary Pirates video

A lot of English language UKposts videos make a lot of the Muslim presence in Spain and Portugal, however it was only one among many historic influences both cultural and genetic among Spaniards. Genetic studies in southern Spain for instance shows Spaniards have around 15% Arab/North African berber dna. By that statistic the Greek and Roman colonies had about similar cultural and genetic input. The biggest chunk of genetic input for Spaniards however are it's indigenous peoples, namely the Celtiberians and Basques. They account for over half of the Spanish population ancestry. The Celtiberians in fact are genetically related to the British and Irish, pre-Viking indigenous peoples. A lot of the Spanish aka Castilian and other regional languages like Gallego and Portuguese have a lot of Celtiberian origin vocabulary. So aside from Latin (Roman), and to a lesser extent Arabic, Celtiberian had another significant influence. Basques had a cultural impact on Spanish as well. The other significant input were the Germanic tribes that settled in Spain--namely the Visigoths, Suebi/Alemanni, and Vandals. The Goths are believed to originate in Sweden, but migrated to what is now Ukraine and then Italy where they basically dismantled the Roman Empire. The Goths broke into 2 branches--the Ostrogoths (ostro-germanic ost meaning eastern) remained in Italy. The Visigoths migrated to southern France and Spain (visi-germanic root westen meaning western. W in German, another Germanic language is pronounced like an English V, so originally Wisi becomes Visi--goth). The Spanish directional signs still in use are of germanic origin--norte (nord, north), sur/Sud (Sud, south), este (ost, east), oeste (west, ouest, vesten). Rather than the less commonly used Latin (occidente-west, oriente-east), or Arabic. A lot of Spanish names are also of Germanic origin, namely anything with the root -BERT: Roberto, Gilberto, Alberto, Rigoberto, Norberto, Heriberto, Berta, etc. Or names like Hilda (or Spanish Visigothic princess Brunhilda), Nilda, Rodrigo, or Olga or Alfonso, etc. Why Spanish names are very similar to other nationalities of Central and western Europe. The Suebi that settled in northeastern Spain were also of Germanic origin from Central Europe namely around modern day Austria, Switzerland, and Southern Germany. Even while southern Spain was held as Al-Andaluz, in northern Spain between 700-1492, many of the descendants of the Visigoths were marrying into other Christian kingdoms in Northern Europe, France and Italy. Eleanor of Castile for instance married King Edward I of England in the 1200s (their descendant included Henry VIII who married another Spanish princes, Catherine of Aragon). Finally--aside from the Moors/Arab influence in the south, one very important often overlooked group are Levantine Jews. There are documented migrations from what is today Israel (pinpointed in fact even to cities like Bethlehem), Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria to southern Spain. In fact Moorish Spain was as much Jewish as it was Muslim, producing many a great Jewish Spanish philosophers like Maimonides. Genetic studies confirm about 20% of Spaniards have a relatively high amount of Levantine DNA. In Latin America that is almost among 25% of Latin Americans, but more diluted. Thar means Spaniards in general have more Jewish/Levantine genetic ancestry than Arabic (as from the Arabian peninsula). Overall however the biggest genetic contributions are the Celtiberians.