Hello, UKpostsrs. The World Science Festival is looking for enthusiastic translation ambassadors for its UKposts translation project. All you need is a Google account to get started. Here is a link to Loose Ends: String Theory and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory so you can see how it works: ukposts.info_video?ref=share&v=YSWd21z2qqE All you need to do is type along with the video and save when done. Here is another link to check out the full list of programs that you can contribute to. ukposts.info_cs_panel?c=UCShHFwKyhcDo3g7hr4f1R8A&tab=2 At the WSF we want to to cultivate a world informed by science and inspired by its wonder. With your contributions you can introduce science to a whole new world.

As a business management student who has never had an applicable need to take science courses beyond the general requirements, these free lectures about the most important breakthroughs in science mean so much to those who are curious novices

Brian Green has to be the best at explaining complex ideas. It's amazing how simple he makes it.

What we don’t know...we don’t know ....is such a profound insight....i am from 1950, and what an incredible ride it has been over these almost 70 years....how exiting to be alive ...and what a privilege to share in some of these incredible new discoveries and insights...the infinite intellect and talent out there is beyond understanding

Wow Brian Green is no less than the scientists he is interviewing. His dramatic explanation of the string theory makes it so simple. Feel so blessed having all these great minds think for us. God bless

Love this format of 1-2-1...what a great discussion...Brian is so great as a (mega) knowledgeable host and allowing his brilliant guests to talk...it is truly inspiring and amazing to think we humans (at least some of us) know so much so far.. science is just so astounding...Thank you for bringing this to us, the general public.

Respect for doubting his lifetime works. Thats real science, the search for the truth and an open mind

I love this format. Well-produced introduction, for one. Also, in this conversational way, the interviewer can focus on the quality of the conversation instead of the distribution of time among a panel of participants. I bet that’s exactly why you decided to do this. Also, I LOVE an interviewer who is an expert in the field *and* is quite aware of the interplay between them, their guest, and the audience. They will know what to ask to guide both guest and audience to a truly informative and enjoyable conversation. ‘Lay’ interviewers tend to - sometimes understandably - interrupt too many times as they didn’t know what to ask in the first place, only to realise halfway their guest’s answer they should have asked something else first, inadvertently halting their guest’s train of thought, only to interrupt for a ‘let’s go back a step’ question. So... I love this. Well done!

Wow, so many years ago I've read Marcelo's and Brian's books and by chance got into this video, so great when physicists are devoted to further the interest in physics and science

Listened to this 30 times! Absolutely fascinating and so informative. What a great format! More of these Brian please!!! Less is more! Too many physics debates with too many participants. This was simply superb!

Andrew Strominger perfectly describes a black hole through string theory, the best explanation I have ever heard. I might add that strings of quantum physics make up the walls of a black hole which defines the wormhole which is empty or hollow, allowing information to fall through it into extra dimensions. Information is not contained inside a black hole but merely passes through it.

33:20 for amazing clip explaining basis of string theory

I love these World Science Festival talks and Dr. Brian Greene is an exceptional host/moderator. Coupled with the presentations by the Royal Institute, I spend half the night as an enthusiastic listener.

I can imagine 9 dimensions. 3 positive dimensions, 3 negative dimensions, and 3 imaginary dimensions. Only, I need 9 beers.

Love the update on String Theory. Especially Brian's illustration of String Theory for those new to the subject.

I really enjoyed the third conversation with Andrew Strominger, he seems extremely passionate about his work and has very respectable ideas, fantastic video

Top notch. Great the way Brian pulls ‘me ‘, the non physicist, into an intelligent conversation instead of dumbing things down. It’s reminiscent of the high standards of Scientific American back in the 1950’s and 60’s. It's a positive that there’s a ravenous hunger by an educated public for ‘more’.

I like the epistemological undertones of this ...I often muse on the chance mathematical descriptions of reality speak more about our desire to communicate ideas and our sapen inclinations for pattern recognition and the need to bend nature into descriptive terms

So good to hear from Bob Balaban about string theory. I had no idea he was such an expert.

I really like this one-at-a-time discussion format much better than the panel discussions. Any one of them could just give the whole lecture at this basic (for them) level, so the panel discussions seemed so overkill. This one-at-a-time moves really well.

i was lost in the depths of UKposts doom scrolling madness when, once again, the World Science Festival channel liberated me from my agony

I like how comfortable Michael is. He really enjoys that chair. 😂

Thank you for the subtitles. You don't realise what a big deal this is for me. Lots of your previous videos didn't have any.

While describing special relativity at about 13:50, Brian says "space and time work together so that the speed of light is the same" for all (inertial) observers. It's actually deeper than that. It's not just the speed of light that's constant. Using the speed of light c as the conversion factor between units of length and units of time, the speed of everything (including light) through 4-dimensional spacetime is the same as the speed of light through 3-dimensional space. That result follows from the equation for the Twins Paradox and an application of the Pythagorean theorem. The faster anything moves through 3D space, the slower it ages, and applying the Pythagorean theorem shows that the length of the 4D hypotenuse is constant. Some corollaries: (1) Light doesn't age. (2) A motionless object ages at the speed c. (3) Nothing can travel through 3D space faster than light (unless it's aging at an imaginary rate, which is assumed to be impossible).

Why is it that no matter what I fall asleep to on youtube to, I wake up in the middle of the night to this video?

The "String Theory Explainer Film" was perfect

String theory may be true, but maybe knot.

Absolutely riveting to listen to these great theorists describing their life's work. I really appreciated the intellectual honesty that Greene has about the potential implications for string theory based on the lack of experimental observation of these supersymmetrical particles so far. The second gentleman was also pretty honest about his surprise that the Higgs was actually found, although I was not clear about what the Higgs portends for string theory persay. Thanks so much to Mr. Greene for enlightening we the general public through these superb presentations. The world is better for it.

It’s time for The World Science Festival to get little side tables or something suitable for their drinks. Drinks on the floor should be beyond them by now. Great discussions as always. And of course, a superb job done by Brian Greene and the entire World Science Festival.

This was a beautiful conversation. Absolutely loved it.

I feel it is fascinating that the Strominger grop, as far as I understood, arrived at exactly the same equation as Hawking regarding the black hole, but along a completely different path. I feel this is a very strong hint that the string theory, as applied by them, is correct. Otherwise, it seems like a miracle coincidence!

One of the best programs hosted by Brian Green. Very enlightening to say the least.

They have all the good talks from the festival on ice. Glad to see another one finally!

In following many of these debates, i‘ve come to the conclusion, that quantum physics and the relativity theory are like electricity and programming of a system, they need each other, but on a differeent level.

The world is a gigantic escape room and we gotta figure this shit out to escape it or die trying , either works.

Understanding compex things in simple and easy way is the art of genius. Brian Greene is creating environment to understand everything scientifically and eliminating superstitions .

Dr. Briane Greene makes the discussion of some highly complicated topics so lucid and interesting!

Wow - Brian as orange tree magician was wonderfully made Congratulations to the team !!!

Could these tiny dimensions be where a new universe has branch of from ours and the extra dimensions is where they connect in a multiverse view?

44:57 in case someone is wondering about the professor's footwear these are Merrell Alverstone hiking shoes. Just bought me a pair actually, i'd say very comfy and plush inside, while stiff sole makes it great for bike riding, and love the ventilation mesh too.

Thanks. Precious video. By the way, the formula on hawking's grave is for the temperature of the black hole which is related to the entropy formula. Once again, thanks for videos like this.

The fact that you have vibrating strings, suggest that there are unknown forces influencing the string structure.

I like to think that these theoretical physics experts are far, far more brilliant than me.

Dear Docs; Time and entanglement are mutually exclusive as superposition precludes acceleration and the time function. That's why we need a dual membrane electromagnetic field with an antimatter half-brane that doesn't have a time function and this brane produces entanglement through strings that are paired with matter strings to form 1 to 3 aspect ratio tori that we call gravitons. The circuit or conduction tensor formed in the torus keeps these strings from annihilating as does the conduction tensor holding graviton clusters together, (looks like a barbell). Time just renders these antimatter strings into a recessive manifestation in the graviton and in subsequently more complex structures incorporating gravitons. Gravity is just the electromagnetic/fluid dynamics processes applied to the flow of graviton and graviton clusters around and through Standard Model particles. The clusters are actually gluons that were formed en mass during the GUT Epoch and are continually formed in SM particle cores. These gluons/clusters act like a dipole gas subject to condensation via Feshbach resonance and BCS field effect, and this condensate is formed in the electromagnetic field of galaxies as dark matter that is scattered by cosmic rays to appear as point source gravity. The dipole gas is spin and charge coupled on the surface of leptons and baryons to form the Higgs field emanating from the equator that operates as an electromagnetic rectenna generating space-time viscosity as it captures the momentum from the resonant strings in the gravitons and clusters flying through the field. The gas is also the working fluid for a gravitational propulsion system operating as an “ion thruster” through the core of the leptons and baryons. Dark energy is just the increase in quantum friction of the propulsion system in barren space where the Higgs field remains unimpaired to drag the particle backwards toward even less dense space like a sea anchor.

Wowo ... This group certainly cleared up much of the higher level stuff on the subject matter. Chatting with them 1on1 is a good format and Mr Green is very good at his job here. He has a good sense of humor also along with all his guests.

Seems like we’ve been running in place for 15 years

Brilliant professors! We should have more initiatives like this one here in Brazil too. Yotube channels can be a great place to do that. Imagine you and other colleagues having great conversations about mathematical, experimental aspects and this great struggle to understand nature and a young Brazilian generation watching it. You can create a good generation of scientists here and help us fight for the future of the country world. PLEASE HELP US. WE HVE GREAT MINDS HERE!!!

Brilliantly put together programmes, invaluable for curious non-scientists. THANK YOU!

It seems very interesting that the string theory of prof Kaku,is not only very much in compliance with,but ot also rather completing and explanaing the "unified energy theory of entanglement" In the sense that,for onething it is also confirming the creation and emmission of semiotic energy waves from and within the structures of atoms at quantum level,which due to string musical and sismionic nature of the strings vibrations could only best be explained as to create nothing else but scalarewaves,also at each and every direction vertical and horizontals and at different levels,hence explaining and confirming the emission and creation of scalarwaves practicaly also at universal level,and from any surface or and material for that matter and hence throughout the entire universe ,And hence we can find direct correlations and compliances confirming the scalarwave technology can also cover the string theory as well.and that is a good sign.right freinds?

One particle or stream of energy theory fits in rather well with quantum mechanics. Thank you very much .

I imagine me as a child and Brian Green an uncle discussing these things with a friend late at night I imagine they would seem like comfortable gods to me. Pass it on

Question 47:15 How do we define the Coordinates for 3D space? What do we define them in relation to? How do those 3D coordinates interact with general relativity? If we define them as absolute, then what is the absolute? If we define them in relation to spacetime, how do we define the geometry of spacetime itself?

I thought Brians bottle became invisible at 7:35 at first :P

Yes , The time has come !! World Science Festival (Talk on the unified theory) haha

I've come to believe that Philosophy is the study of guidances for living. Any statement, which can be used so as to guide how one lives ones lifestyle, can be considered a guiding statement, or, as i like to call it, a guiding proposition; "guiding proposition" has another meaning, which is a statement/proposition that one is in fact actually using by letting it guide oneself in living; either meaning, one or more guiding propositions is a Philosophy (or "guiding philosophy"); so "Philosophy" also has a double meaning; one is a set of, one or more, guiding propositions (so a guiding philosophy), and the other is the study of guiding propositions (so the subject of philosophy). I start with this because, in my view, SO MUCH in fact stems from the guiding philosophy that the individual or collective lives by. Including much of our reasoning regarding other subjects. Such as physics. Hence i believe it is of use to try to understand the underlying guiding proposition(s) which the reasoning, or lifestyle or whatever, reflects (& thus was probably born from); partially because, if it turns out there is a more useful guiding proposition(s), then we can focus more on deriving a thus more useful reasoning & whatnot; & partially because then it'll be easier to advance & develop (& indeed just follow or apply) the reasoning & whatnot. So, for String Theory, I believe the underlying guiding philosophy could, at least in part, include (probably not word-for-word): "Things are connected" "It is the connection [itself] between two (or more) [Spiritless] things, which is the locus of the motion of those things". That is to say, unless there are Spirits in them, the motion (velocities and whatnot) of the things is determined by the connection they have with one another; as opposed to the things determining them by themselves or elsewhat. Whether or not the things can influence the connection itself, I dont know. And so, from that underlying guiding philosophy, we can see how, to understand how it is that things have the motion they have, one may arrive at the conclusion: they must be connected somehow, and so there must be another set of things, which act as the connectors, and such that they can influence the way the things move. We already reason largely by analogy; by likening one thing to another to see if the other has more of what the former has. So i think its likely that the individual(s) noticed that the conclusion is similar to a string, with a knot tied at either end around some object; and of course, were the string cut, the objects would no longer move together; moreover, the objects move together precisely because they are connected by the string. Ah but wait? How does the string influence/determine the motion of the connected objects? Doesn't someone still have to move the string first? Well, not if the string is vibrating. When the string is vibrating, the objects on either end must also move. True, we see it too. But usually (or always?) we see the objects made to move, so as to make the string vibrate. But the point still stands. Because were the string to vibrate anyway, somehow, the objects must move too. I can kind of be demonstrated, i think, by holding either end of a rather heavy string in either hand, and then motioning either hand up & down so as to produce a wave like motion in the string; then when you stop trying to do the motion, you'll find that one or two more waves, of the string, happen, and, as they do, your hand(s) is(are) pulled along too. The challenges that follow are: •the details. How many connections/strings can each thing have? How exactly does the frequency of the string alter motion? And a thing moving very fast, so is it rapidly changing connections, or result of much larger connection, or perhaps chains of connections (like beads on a string)? •the visual evidence. We've seen atoms, but we haven't seen their strings. I don't know of solutions to those. But i think i could help with another challenge, except it is with the underlying philosophy not string theory. So the challenge is: •Is it the connection between the [Spiritless] things, or is it those things themselves, that is the locus of their motion? A possible solution, I propose, can be found by using the half-&-half approach (learned/derived from the philosophy of Heart). So, perhaps there is an interplay between the vibrating(/not?) string and the things themselves. After all, were the connections alone the locus, then theyd have to always have been there; from moment things created, they must have been created in, at least, pairs. BUT, if the things alone are the locus, then how do we explain the phenomena of things, which are clearly connected as they've motioned in corresponding ways before/recently, well, moving in corresponding ways? Even if one things moves, which moves the connector, which then moves the other thing; clearly the connector can move a thing it is connected to, & thus it can move the other thing too. I think the connector is probably formed somehow. And can thus be removed too. Furthermore, the connector can either, somehow, exert motion by itself, or be influenced, say, by other connectors (like wave interference), & thus determine the motion of the things; however, should that very motion be correct for this, or sbould the thing(s) be influenced by elsewhat in correct way, then the things will thus move differently, not just indirectly altering the motion of each other via the connector, but possibly altering the motion of the connector such that, from then on, the connector determines the motion of the things so they move differently. Either way, string theory is really the study of connections. P.S. I know string theory also argues that atoms & whatnot themselves are made out of the strings, but, ehh, I don't buy it.

It must be extremely frustrating and even sad that these theoritical physicists could conceiveably pass away without realizing an answer or a conclusion of sorts to their lives’ work on these theories, yet still an amazing search to find the (true reality-illusion. What do they call this)

Dusty Plasma and Electromagnetic Forces walk into a bar

great idea to talk with each person individually to keep the conversation moving the way intended

I understand the moment we think, " this is the best theory", we never grow out of the best. It feels stuck and not flexible enough to withstand the uncertainty of universe.

I am not a fan of string theory, but the manner of communication and expertise is fantastic.

loved it, thank you for sharingl

I need to preface my question with saying I have no science education. I am just highly fascinated by it. When I first heard the concept of strings, I thought “of course!”. After years trying to understand it more, all I have are more questions. I am afraid to ask them here for fear of looking like an idiot. BUT I I am feeling brave right now so here goes.. 1. WHAT makes the string vibrate exactly the same way? If that string would in any way vibrate differently would create a different particle. If particles would change than the orange in his example could turn into something else right before you eyes or even disappear. 2. WHAT is the string composed of? IF the are different dimensions as proposed, then inside of them could be strings that have even different dimensions. 3. If strings have different dimensions then COULD those different dimensions contain SOMETHING that drives the string).

This format is very good ---- much better than having a whole group at once.

I studied under Professor Dine in college, I didn't know he was going to be featured :D!

I ultimately have the sense that our explorations give us new words (formula) , sometimes new sentences, in what turns out to be a long narrative. We keep thinking we might be coming to a sentence that will be a vista, but ultimately it's only a note on a tree, in a forest, of a........

Youu ...you got me hanging on a string now .. You never told me you were waiting...con templating ... Loose ends string theory 😂

Pr Brian is the man for a first approach... I can only thank him for that. Besides, it all becomes very boring, very, very quickly... I'd love to watch him foreshow more than first grade material, and will happily be following any links if anybody can provide.

Auto generated subtitles are very helpful, but, at times they can be funny. Such is the case here as well. Where, at 57:18 the host (Brian Greene) asks a hypothetical question _"what about...[..] in 20 years from now.."_ The participant (Michael Dine) - who is already looks like he is on his late 60s - replies in a way that letting us know that most possible is after 20 years he might be not there. And then, at 58:39 we read the auto-generated subtitles: _"Michael dying everybody"..._

could quantum tunneling be an example of a particle propagating through additional dimensions?

Silly string theory is much tougher than regular string theory, but the upside is it comes in cans.

34:27 - String Theory explainer film My opinion: 1. d quark is electrically imbalanced photon held together and as it is by its own gravitational field. 2. electron is (at least) three d quarks held together. 3. Plank's constant is severely reduced in extremely strong gravitational field (as photon falls down toward the gravitational force source its frequency rises but its energy is constant).

Hypothesis 42:00 The reason the LHC isn't going to work is as follows: We're trying to use a system which has fallen victim to eons of entropy to describe the conditions present when entropy first began. We simply don't have access to the levels of energy required to create the supersymmetric particles. We never will have access to that level of energy, even if we were to become a K4 civilisation. To successfully perform that experiment would require us to be able to reverse entropy back to the beginning. I think the masses of the sparticles will have to be so large they will outweigh entire galaxies, and that if we were able to create them, we would then have to develop theories to explain their structures, and connecting those at the Planck scale would be the ultimate solution to physics. However, that relies on us having access to and control of enough energy to reverse entropy to the Planck scale, possibly beyond it. It is also possible that particle theory and sparticles theory diverged before the beginning of entropy, and that reuniting the two theories would require you to be further back in time than the Big Bang itself.

Thank you thank you thank you!. I didnt complete high school. That was ten years ago, ive watch all these talks its what im about School wasnt at the right time of my life "Just because somethings not known doesn't mean it can't be"

Brian, could we be looking in the wrong direction. Is it theoretically possible that the dimensions we see on a macro scale are, in fact, the tiny, curled up extra dimensions of dimensions even larger still?

Thank you so much Brain to give us a chance to ride with the most brilliant mind in the world.

String theory ,if you think about it,what it really is in its simple sense is extraordinarily amazing.Its a map,or better ,a manual of universe...

That was a great introduction. Very captivating and intriguing. Happy Brian Greene was the host.

My amateur TOE that suggests that: circular matter and antimatter strings are pulled off of our brane by electromagnetic stimulation, (e.g. Kip’s wormhole machine); the strings can form a circuit in the shape of a 3 to 1 aspect ratio toroid that preserves string annihilation energy as a graviton; gravitons can form complex structures by creating conduction circuits with a liner graviton connecting multiple annihilating graviton sets; graviton clusters produce electroweak phasing behavior resulting in the ability to form weakly interacting “rime ice” as CDM or stable ring sets when sufficient activation energy is present; Standard Model particles are formed from these ring sets and can then generate space time viscosity and gravitational propulsion by coercing graviton clusters into a spin coupled super fluid that then acts as a working fluid for Higgs field generation and ion propulsion; the SM particles have a graviton cluster storage capability that, when the collective storage reserve is sufficiently depleted, causes dark energy. C’est fini!

This is priceless! Thankyou for this.

Looking Forward to this-I love these World Science Festival videos-they have completely blown my mind and got me interested in Physics. I will never understand the maths but I love the discussions on the concepts and theories. I love also the fact that the various luminaries in these discussions (some of the smartest people in the room) seem so humble and approachable and have a great sense of humour. Brian Greene is a legend at explaining difficult concepts in a way that can be understood by in layman's terms. Brilliant, brilliant, brilliant....

I’m just watching this today , it’s from a year ago . My comments are to what is being said in this video 😊

Mr. Brian, what a graphic, vivid, and resplendent representation of the string theory through the example of the orange!

string theiry also accedentally opened up our eyes to the probabilty of needing a fine tuner.This has powerful impact on current ways of thinking.

Strings. So just a glob of worms. Somehow moving of course.

Yes, I’ve been waiting!

Our problem and barrier is time. Time is what we need to test and experiment on. Once we understand the dynamic of time, I do believe subatomic particles and electrons will be truly measurable. The issue is our fixed perception of it where we are stuck at 60 second per minute forward on a linear path.

The long discussion of black hole entropy that begins around 1:03:00 neglects to explain why we should equate entropy with information. Entropy is the amount of random-appearing disorder of a physical system, and it seems counter-intuitive to associate more disorder with more information.

maybe your mirror particles are time reversed? so you will never find them? but if you wind back time they exist. this is something that been proposed in a few areas, but might be worth consideration at lest, if your not seeing the particles you expect to find.

If string theory is not working you just need to demand the universe to fit in the string theory predictions.

The fact your able to perform the math behind the theory is nothing short of a miracle / gift from God.

I find it somewhat painful because of my fondness for Brian I've been watching him on television and UKposts for many many years and I enjoy his talks on everything but to see his Decades of work on string theory that he is totally invested in starting to fall apart before his eyes it seems that we've been hitting dead ends on string theory nothing new as really come about it is truly sad

i see brian greene, i click

Can't wait

Where the Planck measurement ends the visible world of quantum mechanics, string theory begins the beyond world of energy, starting with the type of energy (dark matter) that are closer(next) to the ordinary matter, therefore could interact with ordinary matter and recognises the form/kind of energy they produced/created. They first figure out the type of vibration for a particular form of energy and relay that to the dark energy that made up the medium, to transmit it onwards. Furthermore, their property/characteristics are opposite that of dark energy and they possessed the ability to manifest into other forms. The last is the dark energy that made up the medium or dimensional net of our universe. True, they constantly vibrate due to many different froms of energy created by ordinary matter. In addition to that, the trapped cosmic background radiation inside our bubble universe and the constant density changes of the medium. What is most interesting about String Theory is that, it is able to see through the vibrating strand and discovered that there is another dimension out there. To me, that would be our first glimpse to the higher dimension that we are formed inside it. Oh, how I envy and praise all of you great brains in science. Keep up your good works for the good of mankind. Cheers!

This is a wonderful demonstration of a narrative of science by scientists for whom this is their way of LIVING with meaning & purpose ... GRATEFUL for the opportunity to see - hear - enjoy you, Brian, in a terrific DIALOGUE with your good friends. Hard as it is to pick among them, as they all are terrific, my FAVORITE is Andrew S... For me, he is REALLY INSPIRATIONAL. So glad to be ALIVE to enjoy this session. KEEP ON... MTL, MD

Should it be String Hypothesis ?

Bout damn time Brian was in one of these! lol

Will there be discussion of Quantized Inertia and the impacts it may have about some of the assumptions discussed?

What are those red bottles for?

This was beautiful, thank you